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Chang L, Liu D, Hao Q, Ren X, Liu P, Liu X, Wei Y, Lin S, Ma X, Wu H, Kang H, Wang M. Impact of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy on surgical modality in patients with T1-2N0-1M0 triple-negative breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:378. [PMID: 39085623 PMCID: PMC11291532 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many T1-2N0-1M0 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients who undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) do not receive breast-conserving therapy (BCT) due to concerns about non-pCR or lymph node metastasis presence. METHODS T1-2N0-1M0 TNBC patients who underwent NAC between 2010 and 2017 were collected from the SEER database. Factors affecting surgical modalities were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression. The overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models. Further stratified subgroup analyses were performed based on the response to NAC and N-stage. Adjusted-hazard ratios were also calculated to exclude potential bias. RESULTS A total of 1112 patients were enrolled (median follow-up: 81 months), 58.5% received BCT, 23.6% received reconstruction and 17.9% received mastectomy. Response to NAC and N-stage not only influenced the choice of surgical modality but also were independent predictors for OS and BCSS. The surgery-induced survival differences mainly affect OS. Survival analyses demonstrated that the 10-year OS of BCT was superior or equal to that of mastectomy even in patients with partial response (PR) (77.4% vs. 64.1%, P = 0.013), no response (NR) (44.9% vs. 64.2%, P = 0.33), or N1 stage (75.7% vs. 57.4%, P = 0.0021). In the N1-PR cohort, mastectomy may lead to worse OS (P = 0.0012). Besides, between reconstruction and BCT, there was no statistical difference in OS or BCSS (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study reveals the necessity of breast surgical de-escalation. Besides, physicians should actively recommend reconstruction for individuals who strongly desire mastectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Chang
- The Comprehensive Breast Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- The Comprehensive Breast Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Hao
- The Comprehensive Breast Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueting Ren
- The Comprehensive Breast Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peinan Liu
- The Comprehensive Breast Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- The Comprehensive Breast Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yumeng Wei
- The Comprehensive Breast Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuai Lin
- The Comprehensive Breast Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaobin Ma
- The Comprehensive Breast Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Huafeng Kang
- The Comprehensive Breast Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- The Comprehensive Breast Care Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Wehbe N, Badran A, Baydoun S, Al-Sawalmih A, Maresca M, Baydoun E, Mesmar JE. The Antioxidant Potential and Anticancer Activity of Halodule uninervis Ethanolic Extract against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:726. [PMID: 38929164 PMCID: PMC11200955 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural remedies have been indispensable to traditional medicine practices for generations, offering therapeutic solutions for various ailments. In modern times, these natural products continue to play a pivotal role in the discovery of new drugs, especially for cancer treatment. The marine ecosystem offers a wide range of plants with potential anticancer activities due to their distinct biochemical diversity and adaptation to extreme situations. The seagrass Halodule uninervis is rich in diverse bioactive metabolites that bestow the plant with various pharmacological properties. However, its anticancer activity against invasive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is still poorly investigated. In the present study, the phytochemical composition of an ethanolic extract of H. uninervis (HUE) was screened, and its antioxidant potential was evaluated. Moreover, the anticancer potential of HUE against MDA-MB-231 cells was investigated along with the possible underlying mechanisms of action. Our results showed that HUE is rich in diverse phytochemicals that are known for their antioxidant and anticancer effects. In MDA-MB-231 cells, HUE targeted the hallmarks of cancer, including cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. The HUE-mediated anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects were associated with the downregulation of the proto-oncogenic STAT3 signaling pathway. Taken together, H. uninervis could serve as a valuable source for developing novel drugs targeting TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Wehbe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (N.W.); (E.B.)
| | - Adnan Badran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan;
| | - Serine Baydoun
- Breast Imaging Section, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Ali Al-Sawalmih
- Marine Science Station, University of Jordan, Aqaba 11942, Jordan;
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSM2, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Elias Baydoun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (N.W.); (E.B.)
| | - Joelle Edward Mesmar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (N.W.); (E.B.)
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Mutai R, Kuchuk I, Goldshtein A, Yerushalmi R, Rotem O, Maisel Lotan A, Bdolah-Abram T, Gabizon A, Goldvaser H. The impact of germline BRCA pathogenic variants in locally advanced, triple negative breast cancer treated with platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 205:241-248. [PMID: 38345692 PMCID: PMC11101505 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether germline BRCA (gBRCA) pathogenic variants (PV) affect prognosis of women with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and whether it has implications for treatment decisions in the neoadjuvant setting is unclear. METHODS This is a retrospective two-center cohort study comprising all women with early stage TNBC who have completed genetic testing and were treated with neoadjuvant dose-dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel and carboplatin. All eligible patients treated between 10.2014 and 3.2020 were included. Data on clinico-pathological, pathological response, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated. Differences in clinico-pathological features and outcomes were analyzed according to gBRCA status. RESULTS Sixty-four women were included in the final analysis, of which 31 had gBRCA PV (gBRCA carriers) and 33 were gBRCA wild-type. Clinico-pathological characteristics were similar between both groups. The odds for pathological complete response (pCR) were significantly higher in gBRCA carriers (74.2%) compared to BRCA wild-type women (48.5%), p = 0.035. At a median follow-up of 30 months, gBRCA carriers had significantly favorable OS (HR = 8.64, 95% CI 1.08-69.21, p = 0.042). The difference in DFS did not reach statistical significance (HR = 7.4, 95% CI 0.91-60.27, p = 0.062). The favorable OS for gBRCA carriers remained significant in multivariate analysis (p = 0.029) and was noted regardless of pathological response (p = 0.018). CONCLUSION Compared to wild-type, gBRCA carriers with locally advanced TNBC treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy containing carboplatin had a higher pCR rate and better outcomes. These results strengthen the contention that gBRCA status should be considered when tailoring treatment decisions in women with locally advanced TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raz Mutai
- Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Iryna Kuchuk
- Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- The Oncology Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Alexandra Goldshtein
- Department of Military Medicine and "Tzameret", Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rinat Yerushalmi
- Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofer Rotem
- Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Maisel Lotan
- Plastic Surgery Department, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Alberto Gabizon
- The Helmsley Cancer Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, 9103102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadar Goldvaser
- The Helmsley Cancer Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, 9103102, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Zhang Y, Yang F, Wu J, Huang J, Li P, Huang G. Idebenone Exerts anti-Triple Negative Breast Cancer Effects via Dual Signaling Pathways of GADD45 and AMPK. Nutr Cancer 2024; 76:379-392. [PMID: 38332562 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2314320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Idebenone, a mitochondrial regulator, has exhibited anti-cancer activity in neurogenic and prostate tumor cells; however, its efficacy and specific targets in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the potential of Idebenone as a therapeutic agent for TNBC. TNBC cell lines and Xenograft mouse models were used to assess the effect of Idebenone on TNBC both in vitro and in vivo. To investigate the underlying mechanism of Idebenone's effect on TNBC, cell viability assay, transwell invasion assay, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis assay, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, immunofluorescence staining, and transcriptome sequencing were utilized. The results showed that Idebenone impeded the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells, suppressed apoptosis, and halted the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. The inhibitory effect of Idebenone on TNBC was associated with the GADD45/CyclinB/CDK1 signaling pathway. By disrupting the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and promoting mitophagy, Idebenone promoted cell autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway, thus further suppressing the proliferation of TNBC cells. Furthermore, we found that Idebenone inhibited the development of TNBC in vivo. In conclusion, Idebenone may be a promising therapeutic option for TNBC as it is capable of inducing autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Zengcheng District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Peiqing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinyi People's Hospital, Xinyi, China
| | - Guanqun Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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5
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Kumari L, Mishra L, Patel P, Sharma N, Gupta GD, Kurmi BD. Emerging targeted therapeutic strategies for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. J Drug Target 2023; 31:889-907. [PMID: 37539789 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2245579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype of breast cancer that lacks expression of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), has clinical features including a high degree of invasiveness, an elevated risk of metastasis, tendency to relapse, and poor prognosis. It constitutes around 10-15% of all breast cancer, and having heredity of BRCA1 mutated breast cancer could be a reason for the occurrence of TNBC in women. Overexpression of cellular and molecular targets, i.e. CD44 receptor, EGFR receptor, Folate receptor, Transferrin receptor, VEGF receptor, and Androgen receptor, have emerged as promising targets for treating TNBC. Signalling pathways such as Notch signalling and PI3K/AKT/mTOR also play a significant role in carrying out and managing crucial pro-survival and pro-growth cellular processes that can be utilised for targeted therapy against triple-negative breast cancer. This review sheds light on various targeting strategies, including cellular and molecular targets, signalling pathways, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and immune checkpoint inhibitors PARP, immunotherapy, ADCs have all found a place in the current TNBC therapeutic paradigm. The role of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has also been explored briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Lopamudra Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Balak Das Kurmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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6
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Carvalho FM. Triple-negative breast cancer: from none to multiple therapeutic targets in two decades. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1244781. [PMID: 38023167 PMCID: PMC10666917 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1244781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are more likely to occur in younger patients and have a poor prognosis. They are highly heterogeneous tumors consisting of different molecular subtypes. The only common characteristic among them is the absence of targets for endocrine therapy and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) blockade. In the past two decades, there has been an increased understanding of these tumors from a molecular perspective, leading to their stratification according to new therapeutic strategies. TNBC has ushered breast carcinomas into the era of immunotherapy. The higher frequency of germline BRCA mutations in these tumors enables targeting this repair defect by drugs like PARP inhibitors, resulting in synthetic lethality in neoplastic cells. Additionally, we have the identification of new molecules to which this generation of smart drugs, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), are directed. In this review, we will discuss the trajectory of this knowledge in a systematic manner, presenting the molecular bases, therapeutic possibilities, and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Marino Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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7
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Ing YH, Md Salleh MS, Yahya MM, Ankathil R, Abdul Aziz AA. Association of ABCG2 Polymorphisms on Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Susceptibility Risk. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3891-3897. [PMID: 38019248 PMCID: PMC10772757 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.11.3891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to elucidate the association of ATP-binding cassette super-family G member 2 (ABCG2) gene polymorphisms with individual susceptibility to Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) as well as clinicopathological variables in TNBC patients. Two common polymorphisms in Asian population, ABCG2 34 G>A and 421 C>A was selected in this study. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 75 TNBC patients and 83 controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples and the SNP genotyping was performed by using PCR-RFLP technique. The genotypes were characterized and grouped into homozygous wildtype, heterozygote and homozygous variant based on the band size. The result was subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS The A allele and AA genotype of ABCG2 421 C>A had OR of 3.011 (p=0.003, 95% CI: 1.417-6.398) and 9.042 (p=0.011, 95% CI: 1.640-49.837), to develop advanced staging carcinoma respectively. The AA genotype of ABCG2 421 C>A polymorphism was also associated with metaplastic and medullary carcinoma with an OR of 6.429 (p=0.018, 95% CI: 1.373-30.109). A significant association was also found in haplotype 34G/421A of ABCG2 with advanced cancer staging as well as metaplastic and medullary carcinoma with OR of 2.347 (p=0.032, 95% CI: 1.010-5.560) and 2.546 (p=0.008, 95% CI: 1.005-6.447), respectively. Conclusion: The present study suggests that ABCG2 421 C>A polymorphism was associated with metaplastic and medullary histology and advanced cancer staging in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeoh Hao Ing
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Md Salzihan Md Salleh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Maya Mazuwin Yahya
- Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Ravindran Ankathil
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
| | - Ahmad Aizat Abdul Aziz
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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8
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Chu M, Meng T, Zhou Y, Jin L, Dai Q, Ma L, Chen H. Molecular mechanism of Ruxian Shuhou prescription in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer based on network pharmacology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34763. [PMID: 37657065 PMCID: PMC10476815 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of Ruxian Shuhou prescription in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by using network pharmacology. The active components and targets of the prescription were obtained by Traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database. Gencards database, online mendelian inheritance in man database, therapeutic target database, and DRUGBANK database were used to search for the TNBC-related targets. The potential targets of Ruxian Shuhou prescription for TNBC were screened out by the intersection of effective ingredient action targets and disease targets. A herb-active ingredient-target network was constructed and analyzed for key ingredients. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed for studying key targets. Furthermore, gene ontology analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis were carried out. Finally, the relationship between key ingredients and key genes was evaluated by molecular docking. The key ingredients of Ruxian Shuhou prescription for the treatment of TNBC may be Quercetin, Luteolin and Kaempferol, while the key therapeutic targets may be protein kinase B, interleukin-6, cellular tumor antigen p53, and vascular endothelial growth factor A. The related signaling pathways were mainly involved in tumor, apoptosis and virus infection, among which the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was the most closely related to TNBC. Molecular docking showed that the key ingredients had high binding activity with the key targets. The molecular mechanisms of Ruxian Shuhou prescription for TNBC are likely to involve multi-ingredient, multi-target and multi-pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Chu
- Breast Department of TCM, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Mohapatra M. Clinicopathological and prognostic characteristic features of triple negative and nontriple negative breast cancer at a tertiary care hospital. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:1186-1193. [PMID: 37787282 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1222_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Context Carcinoma breast is a complex disease having diverse clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features. Basing on estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor (HER2) status, these tumors are divided into triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) where tumor cells are negative for all three receptors and nontriple negative breast cancer (non-TNBC) where tumor cells are positive for one or two or all. The clinicopathological and characteristic prognostic features are highlighted here. Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic features of TNBC and non-TNBC cases diagnosed in our hospital setting. Settings and Design Single institution, retrospective study conducted over 7 and half years. Subjects and Methods Histopathologically confirmed breast cancer cases with ER, PR, and HER2 receptor assessment were categorized into TNBC and non-TNBC. Detailed study on clinicopathological and prognostic features including pathological prognostic stage as per 8th AJCC was done in cases who underwent modified radical mastectomy. Statistical Analysis Used Data were analyzed in percentage and presented in tables and charts. Results The present study included 794 cases consisting of 253, 31.9% TNBC and 541, 68.1% non-TNBC cases. The mean age of TNBC and non-TNBC cases was 50.4 years and 51.7 years, respectively. Coagulative necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, lymph nodal metastasis, higher histopathological tumor grade, and NPI were observed in higher percentage of TNBC cases, i.e., 19 (10.9%), 21 (11.6%), 105 (57.7%), 127 (69.8%), and 149 (81.9%) cases, respectively, than non-TNBC seen in 18 (6.6%), 24 (8.8%), 135 (49.6%), 165 (60.7%), and 194 (71.3%) cases, respectively. Further, 25 (13.7%) TNBC and 1 (0.4%) non-TNBC case were upstaged, whereas 130 (47.8%) non-TNBC and 2 (1.1%) TNBC cases were downstaged by the pathological prognostic stage. Conclusions TNBC is more aggressive having a poor prognosis than non-TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Mohapatra
- Department of Pathology, GSL Medical College and General Hospital, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
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10
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Marín V, Burgos V, Pérez R, Maria DA, Pardi P, Paz C. The Potential Role of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Breast Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10737. [PMID: 37445915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers worldwide, with an incidence of 47.8%. Its treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and antibodies giving a mortality of 13.6%. Breast tumor development is driven by a variety of signaling pathways with high heterogeneity of surface receptors, which makes treatment difficult. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a natural polyphenol isolated as the main component in green tea; it has shown multiple beneficial effects in breast cancer, controlling proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, inflammation, and demethylation of DNA. These properties were proved in vitro and in vivo together with synergistic effects in combination with traditional chemotherapy, increasing the effectiveness of the treatment. This review focuses on the effects of EGCG on the functional capabilities acquired by breast tumor cells during its multistep development, the molecular and signal pathways involved, the synergistic effects in combination with current drugs, and how nanomaterials can improve its bioavailability on breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Marín
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Viviana Burgos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega, Temuco 02950, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Rebeca Pérez
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | | | - Paulo Pardi
- Nucleo de Pesquisas NUPE/ENIAC University Center, Guarulhos 07012-030, Brazil
| | - Cristian Paz
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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11
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Bu J, Zhang Y, Wu S, Li H, Sun L, Liu Y, Zhu X, Qiao X, Ma Q, Liu C, Niu N, Xue J, Chen G, Yang Y, Liu C. KK-LC-1 as a therapeutic target to eliminate ALDH + stem cells in triple negative breast cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2602. [PMID: 37147285 PMCID: PMC10163259 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Failure to achieve complete elimination of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) stem cells after adjuvant therapy is associated with poor outcomes. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) is a marker of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), and its enzymatic activity regulates tumor stemness. Identifying upstream targets to control ALDH+ cells may facilitate TNBC tumor suppression. Here, we show that KK-LC-1 determines the stemness of TNBC ALDH+ cells via binding with FAT1 and subsequently promoting its ubiquitination and degradation. This compromises the Hippo pathway and leads to nuclear translocation of YAP1 and ALDH1A1 transcription. These findings identify the KK-LC-1-FAT1-Hippo-ALDH1A1 pathway in TNBC ALDH+ cells as a therapeutic target. To reverse the malignancy due to KK-LC-1 expression, we employ a computational approach and discover Z839878730 (Z8) as an small-molecule inhibitor which may disrupt KK-LC-1 and FAT1 binding. We demonstrate that Z8 suppresses TNBC tumor growth via a mechanism that reactivates the Hippo pathway and decreases TNBC ALDH+ cell stemness and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Bu
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Development Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Development Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Sijin Wu
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Development Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd. (XtalPi), International Biomedical Industrial Park (Phase II) 3F, 2 Hongliu Rd, Futian District, 16023, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haonan Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Lisha Sun
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Development Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Development Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinbo Qiao
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Development Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingtian Ma
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Development Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Development Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Niu
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Development Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinqi Xue
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Development Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Guanglei Chen
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Development Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongliang Yang
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Development Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China.
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116023, Dalian, China.
| | - Caigang Liu
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translation Medicine Lab, Department of Oncology, Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Development Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China.
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12
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Xu Z, Goel HL, Burkart C, Burman L, Chong YE, Barber AG, Geng Y, Zhai L, Wang M, Kumar A, Menefee A, Polizzi C, Eide L, Rauch K, Rahman J, Hamel K, Fogassy Z, Klopp-Savino S, Paz S, Zhang M, Cubitt A, Nangle LA, Mercurio AM. Inhibition of VEGF binding to neuropilin-2 enhances chemosensitivity and inhibits metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadf1128. [PMID: 37134152 PMCID: PMC10583499 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adf1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although blocking the binding of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to neuropilin-2 (NRP2) on tumor cells is a potential strategy to treat aggressive carcinomas, a lack of effective reagents that can be used clinically has hampered this potential therapy. Here, we describe the generation of a fully humanized, high-affinity monoclonal antibody (aNRP2-10) that specifically inhibits the binding of VEGF to NRP2, conferring antitumor activity without causing toxicity. Using triple-negative breast cancer as a model, we demonstrated that aNRP2-10 could be used to isolate cancer stem cells (CSCs) from heterogeneous tumor populations and inhibit CSC function and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. aNRP2-10 sensitized cell lines, organoids, and xenografts to chemotherapy and inhibited metastasis by promoting the differentiation of CSCs to a state that is more responsive to chemotherapy and less prone to metastasis. These data provide justification for the initiation of clinical trials designed to improve the response of patients with aggressive tumors to chemotherapy using this monoclonal antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Xu
- aTyr Pharma, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Hira Lal Goel
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yanyan Geng
- IAS HKUST - Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Pangu Biopharma, 26th Floor, Three Exchange Square, 8 Connaught Place, Central, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liting Zhai
- IAS HKUST - Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Pangu Biopharma, 26th Floor, Three Exchange Square, 8 Connaught Place, Central, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengdie Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ayush Kumar
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa Eide
- aTyr Pharma, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingjie Zhang
- IAS HKUST - Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | - Arthur M. Mercurio
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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13
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Hirano R, Okamoto K, Shinke M, Sato M, Watanabe S, Watanabe H, Kondoh G, Kadonosono T, Kizaka-Kondoh S. Tissue-resident macrophages are major tumor-associated macrophage resources, contributing to early TNBC development, recurrence, and metastases. Commun Biol 2023; 6:144. [PMID: 36737474 PMCID: PMC9898263 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and highly heterogenous disease with no well-defined therapeutic targets. Treatment options are thus limited and mortality is significantly higher compared with other breast cancer subtypes. Mammary gland tissue-resident macrophages (MGTRMs) are found to be the most abundant stromal cells in early TNBC before angiogenesis. We therefore aimed to explore novel therapeutic approaches for TNBC by focusing on MGTRMs. Local depletion of MGTRMs in mammary gland fat pads the day before TNBC cell transplantation significantly reduced tumor growth and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration in mice. Furthermore, local depletion of MGTRMs at the site of TNBC resection markedly reduced recurrence and distant metastases, and improved chemotherapy outcomes. This study demonstrates that MGTRMs are a major TAM resource and play pivotal roles in the growth and malignant progression of TNBC. The results highlight a possible novel anti-cancer approach targeting tissue-resident macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichiro Hirano
- grid.32197.3e0000 0001 2179 2105School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Koki Okamoto
- grid.32197.3e0000 0001 2179 2105School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Miyu Shinke
- grid.32197.3e0000 0001 2179 2105School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Marika Sato
- grid.32197.3e0000 0001 2179 2105School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Shigeaki Watanabe
- grid.32197.3e0000 0001 2179 2105School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Hitomi Watanabe
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Gen Kondoh
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kadonosono
- grid.32197.3e0000 0001 2179 2105School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan
| | - Shinae Kizaka-Kondoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
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14
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Wang Q, Liu J, Chen D, Miao S, Wen J, Liu C, Xue S, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Shen Y. "Cluster Bomb" Based Bismuth Nano-in-Micro Spheres Formed Dry Powder Inhalation for Thermo-Radio Sensitization Effects of Lung Metastatic Breast Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202622. [PMID: 36601733 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung metastatic breast cancer (LMBC) is mainly diagnosed through CT imaging and radiotherapy could be the most common method in the clinic to inhibit tumor proliferation. While the sensitivity of radiotherapy is always limited due to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and high doses of irradiation easily induce systemic cytotoxicity. Metal-based materials applied as radiosensitizers have been widely investigated to improve efficiency and reduce the doses of irradiation. Herein, it is aimed to overcome these problems by designing biodegradable lipid-camouflaged bismuth-based nanoflowers (DP-BNFs) as both a photo-thermo-radiosensitizer to develop a novel photothermal therapy (PTT) and radiotherapy combination strategy for LMBC treatment. To achieve effective lung deposition, "Cluster Bomb" structure-based DP-BNFs nano-in-micro dry powder inhalation (DP-BNF@Lat-MPs) are formulated through spray-dried technology. The DP-BNFs "cluster" in the microsphere to improve their tumor-targeted lung deposition with a high fine particle fraction followed by burst releasing of DP-BNFs for targeting delivery and LMBC therapy. The DP-BNF@Lat-MPs exhibit excellent photothermal conversion efficiency, radiotherapy enhancement, and CT imaging ability in vitro, which synergistically inhibit cell proliferation and metastasis. In vitro and in vivo data prove that combining PTT and radiotherapy with DP-BNF@Lat-MPs as a thermo-radio dual-sensitizer significantly enhances LMBC tumor metastasis inhibition with good biocompatibility and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Daquan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Si Miao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shushu Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qingjie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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15
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Jin Y, Fan S, Jiang W, Zhang J, Yang L, Xiao J, An H, Ren L. Two effective models based on comprehensive lipidomics and metabolomics can distinguish BC versus HCs, and TNBC versus non-TNBC. Proteomics Clin Appl 2022; 17:e2200042. [PMID: 36443927 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipidomics and metabolomics are closely related to tumor phenotypes, and serum lipoprotein subclasses and small-molecule metabolites are considered as promising biomarkers for breast cancer (BC) diagnosis. This study aimed to explore potential biomarker models based on lipidomic and metabolomic analysis that could distinguish BC from healthy controls (HCs) and triple-negative BC (TNBC) from non-TNBC. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 114 patients with BC and 75 HCs. A total of 112 types of lipoprotein subclasses and 30 types of small-molecule metabolites in the serum were detected by 1 H-NMR. All lipoprotein subclasses and small-molecule metabolites were subjected to a three-step screening process in the order of significance (p < 0.05), univariate regression (p < 0.1), and lasso regression (nonzero coefficient). Discriminant models of BC versus HCs and TNBC versus non-TNBC were established using binary logistic regression. RESULTS We developed a valid discriminant model based on three-biomarker panel (formic acid, TPA2, and L6TG) that could distinguish patients with BC from HCs. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.999 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.995-1.000) and 0.990 (95% CI: 0.959-1.000) in the training and validation sets, respectively. Based on the panel (D-dimer, CA15-3, CEA, L5CH, glutamine, and ornithine), a discriminant model was established to differentiate between TNBC and non-TNBC, with AUC of 0.892 (95% CI: 0.778-0.967) and 0.905 (95% CI: 0.754-0.987) in the training and validation sets, respectively. CONCLUSION This study revealed lipidomic and metabolomic differences between BC versus HCs and TNBC versus non-TNBC. Two validated discriminatory models established against lipidomic and metabolomic differences can accurately distinguish BC from HCs and TNBC from non-TNBC. IMPACT Two validated discriminatory models can be used for early BC screening and help BC patients avoid time-consuming, expensive, and dangerous BC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuoqing Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenna Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingya Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Lexin Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiawei Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Haohua An
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
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16
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Xu Q, Kaur J, Wylie D, Mittal K, Li H, Kolachina R, Aleskandarany M, Toss MS, Green AR, Yang J, Yankeelov TE, Bhattarai S, Janssen EAM, Kong J, Rakha EA, Kowalski J, Aneja R. A Case Series Exploration of Multi-Regional Expression Heterogeneity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13322. [PMID: 36362107 PMCID: PMC9655720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) is believed to contribute to therapeutic failure and tumor recurrence, as treatment-resistant cell clones can survive and expand. However, little is known about ITH in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) because of the limited number of single-cell sequencing studies on TNBC. In this study, we explored ITH in TNBC by evaluating gene expression-derived and imaging-derived multi-region differences within the same tumor. We obtained tissue specimens from 10 TNBC patients and conducted RNA sequencing analysis of 2-4 regions per tumor. We developed a novel analysis framework to dissect and characterize different types of variability: between-patients (inter-tumoral heterogeneity), between-patients across regions (inter-tumoral and region heterogeneity), and within-patient, between-regions (regional intratumoral heterogeneity). We performed a Bayesian changepoint analysis to assess and classify regional variability as low (convergent) versus high (divergent) within each patient feature (TNBC and PAM50 subtypes, immune, stroma, tumor counts and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes). Gene expression signatures were categorized into three types of variability: between-patients (108 genes), between-patients across regions (183 genes), and within-patients, between-regions (778 genes). Based on the between-patient gene signature, we identified two distinct patient clusters that differed in menopausal status. Significant intratumoral divergence was observed for PAM50 classification, tumor cell counts, and tumor-infiltrating T cell abundance. Other features examined showed a representation of both divergent and convergent results. Lymph node stage was significantly associated with divergent tumors. Our results show extensive intertumoral heterogeneity and regional ITH in gene expression and image-derived features in TNBC. Our findings also raise concerns regarding gene expression based TNBC subtyping. Future studies are warranted to elucidate the role of regional heterogeneity in TNBC as a driver of treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Dennis Wylie
- Center for Biomedical Research Support, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705, USA
| | - Karuna Mittal
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Hongxiao Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Rishab Kolachina
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | | | - Michael S. Toss
- University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Andrew R. Green
- University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Jianchen Yang
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705, USA
- Departments of Diagnostic Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, and Oncology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705, USA
| | - Thomas E. Yankeelov
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705, USA
- Departments of Diagnostic Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, and Oncology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705, USA
| | - Shristi Bhattarai
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Emiel A. M. Janssen
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jun Kong
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Emad A. Rakha
- University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Jeanne Kowalski
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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17
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Xu S, Sun X, Luo L, Yang Y, Guo Q, Tang S, Jiang Z, Li Y, Han J, Gan W, Yang F, Zhang X, Liu Y, Sun C, He J, Liu M, Zuo D, Zhu W, Wu Y. XS-2, a novel potent dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, exhibits high in vitro and in vivo anti-breast cancer activity and low toxicity with the potential to inhibit the invasion and migration of triple-negative breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113537. [PMID: 36113258 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has become the most commonly diagnosed cancer, surpassing lung cancer, with 2.26 million new breast cancers worldwide in 2020. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop effective molecularly targeted therapeutic drugs to treat breast cancer. In this paper, we designed, synthesized and screened a novel thiophene-triazine derivative, XS-2, as a potent dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor for the treatment of breast cancer. Also, XS-2 was found to be potentially effective against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in vitro during the investigation. We evaluated the in vitro inhibitory effect of XS-2 on 10 cancer cell lines by MTT and 6 kinases to investigated its in vivo antitumor activity in MCF-7 xenograft tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice. In addition, the in vitro/in vivo toxicity to mice was also assessed by hemolytic toxicity, H&E staining and blood biochemical analysis. In order to investigate the antitumor mechanism of XS-2, a series of experiments were carried out in vitro/in vivo animal model and molecular biological levels such as the cell cycle and the apoptosis assay, real-time PCR, western blot, docking and molecular simulations analysis, etc. What's more, wound healing assay, Transwell and Western Blot were applied to explore the ability of XS-2 to inhibit the cell invasion and migration. The results showed that XS-2 exhibited strong antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. The inhibitory activities of XS-2 on ten cancer cell lines were ranging from 1.07 ± 0.11 to 0.002 ± 0.001 μM, which were 1565 times better than that of the lead compound GDC-0941, inhibitory activities against PI3Kα and mTOR kinases were 291.0 and 60.8 nM, respectively. Notably, XS-2 not only showed significant in vivo antitumor activity and low toxicity, with the tumor inhibition rate of 57.0 %, but also exhibited strong inhibitory in the expression of related proteins of PI3K pathway in tumor tissues. In addition, XS-2 significantly inhibited breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and inhibited the migration and invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. More than that, XS-2 could inhibit the increase of the expression levels of N-cadherin and vimentin upregulated by EGF and reversed the E-cadherin expression down regulated by EGF, resulting in inhibiting EMT in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The results showed that XS-2 was expected to be successfully developed as a high-efficiency and low-toxicity breast cancer therapeutic drug with the potential to inhibit the invasion and migration of TNBC. This provides a new research idea for the treatment of TNBC, which is of great significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Leixuan Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Qiuyan Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Sheng Tang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Zhiyan Jiang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Jiaqian Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenhui Gan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Feiyi Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Chuanchuan Sun
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Jie He
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China.
| | - Yingliang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
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18
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Salman G, Aldujaily E, Jabardi M, Qassid OL. Investigating the clinical significance of EGFR expression using machine learning in a series of Iraqi patients with triple-negative breast cancer. J Med Life 2022; 15:967-978. [PMID: 36188649 PMCID: PMC9514808 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a distinct profile of the expression of each tumor. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a molecular subtype of breast cancer characterized by an aggressive clinical behavior linked to loss or reduced expression of estrogen, progesterone, and Her2/neu receptors. The study's main objective was to investigate the clinical significance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression in a series of Iraqi patients with TNBC. The sectional analytic study involved immunohistochemical analysis of EGFR expression in randomly selected 53 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of TNBC cases out of 127 Iraqi patients with TNBC and correlated expression data with clinicopathological parameters including survival time. Machine learning (statistical tests and principal component analysis (PCA)) was used to predict the outcome of the patients using EGFR expression data together with clinicopathological parameters. EGFR was expressed in approximately 28% of TNBC cases. We estimated the risk of mortality and distant metastasis based on EGFR expression and clinicopathologic factors using the principal component analysis (PCA) model. We found a substantial positive correlation between clinical stage and distant metastasis, clinical stage and death, death and distant metastasis, and death and positive EGFR expression. Overall, EGFR expression was linked to a poor prognosis and increased mortality. A higher risk of distant metastasis and death was associated with an advanced clinical stage of the tumor. Furthermore, the existence of distant metastases increased the risk of death. These findings raise the possibility of using EGFR expression data with other clinicopathological parameters to predict the outcome of patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gufran Salman
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Esraa Aldujaily
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq,Corresponding Author: Esraa Aldujaily, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq. E-mail:
| | - Mohammed Jabardi
- Department of Computer Science, College of Education, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Omar Layth Qassid
- Cancer Research Center, University of Leicester, Leicester City, United Kingdom
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19
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Zhang J, Du C, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li J. LncRNA LINC00649 promotes the growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer by maintaining the stability of HIF-1α through the NF90/NF45 complex. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:1034-1047. [PMID: 35188449 PMCID: PMC9037445 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2040283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no clear treatment guideline or individualized treatment plan for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The aim of this study was to investigate more effective targets for TNBC-targeted therapy. MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cell lines were used to explore the function of LINC00649 on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of TNBC cells. A mice subcutaneous tumor model and a pulmonary metastasis model was established to identify the role of LINC00649 on the growth and metastasis of TNBC in vivo. LINC00649 was found to be a key molecule involved in the occurrence and development of TNBC by screening of public databases and detection of TNBC clinical samples. LINC00649 increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) mRNA stability and protein expression by interacting with the nuclear factor 90 (NF90)/NF45 complex. In vitro, interference with LINC00649 inhibits MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and the addition of HIF-1α revised this effect. In vivo experiments showed that LINC00649 promoted the growth and metastasis of TNBC. We demonstrated that LINC00649 interacts with the NF90/NF45 complex to increase the mRNA stability of HIF-1α and up-regulate HIF-1α expression, thereby inducing the proliferation, invasion, and migration of TNBC cells as well as tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Chuang Du
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Linfeng Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Jingruo Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China,CONTACT Jingruo Li Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province450000, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Toney NJ, Opdenaker LM, Cicek K, Frerichs L, Kennington CR, Oberly S, Archinal H, Somasundaram R, Sims-Mourtada J. Tumor-B-cell interactions promote isotype switching to an immunosuppressive IgG4 antibody response through upregulation of IL-10 in triple negative breast cancers. J Transl Med 2022; 20:112. [PMID: 35255925 PMCID: PMC8900352 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer for which there is currently no targeted therapy. Tumor-infiltrating B-cells (TIB) have been observed in tumor tissues of TNBC patients, but their functional role is unclear. IgG4 is one of four antibody subclasses of IgG expressed and secreted by B cells. Unlike other IgG isotypes, IgG4 has an immunosuppressive function and is induced by Th2-type cytokines. In cancers such as melanoma, IgG4 has been linked with advanced disease and poor patient survival. Therefore, we sought to determine if IgG4 + B cells are present and determine the mechanisms driving isotype switching in TNBC.
Methods
We performed co-culture assays to examine expression of Th2 cytokines by TNBC cells with and without the presence of B cells. We also performed in vitro class switching experiments with peripheral B cells with and without co-culture with TNBC cells in the presence or absence of an IL-10 blocking antibody. We examined expression of CD20+ TIB, IgG4 and Th2 cytokines by immunohistochemistry in 152 TNBC samples. Statistical analysis was done using Log-Rank and Cox-proportional hazards tests.
Results
Our findings indicate that B cells interact with TNBC to drive chronic inflammatory responses through increased expression of inflammatory cytokines including the TH2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10. In vitro class switching studies show that interactions between TNBC cell lines and B cells drive isotype switching to the IgG4 isotype in an IL-10 dependent manner. In patient tissues, expression of IgG4 correlates with CD20 and tumor expression of IL-10. Both IgG4 and tumor IL-10 are associated to shorter recurrence free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in TNBC. In a multi-variant analysis, IL-10 was associated with poor outcomes indicating that tumor IL-10 may drive immune escape.
Conclusions
These findings indicate that interactions between TIB and TNBC results in activation of chronic inflammatory signals such as IL-10 and IL-4 that drive class switching to an IgG4 + subtype which may suppress antibody driven immune responses. The presence of IgG4 + B cells may serve as a biomarker for poor prognosis.
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21
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Prognostic Factors Effective on Survival in Unifocal Borderline Luminal B HER2-Negative and Triple-Negative Breast Cancers: a Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-022-03294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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22
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The role of FOXC1/FOXCUT/DANCR axis in triple negative breast cancer: a bioinformatics and experimental approach. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2821-2829. [PMID: 35066769 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most challenging subtype of breast cancer and does not benefit from the existing targeted therapies. In the present study, we used bioinformatics and experimental approaches to assess the genes that are somehow involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway which may explain the invasive features of TNBC. METHOD AND RESULTS We analyzed five GEO datasets consisting of 657 breast tumors by GEO2R online software to achieve common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between TNBC and non-TNBC tumors. The expression of the selected coding and non-coding genes was validated in 100 breast tumors, including fifty TNBC and fifty non-TNBC samples, using quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). The bioinformatics approach resulted in a final DEG list consisting of ten upregulated and seventeen downregulated genes (logFC ≥|1| and P < 0.05). Co-expression network construction indicated the FOXC1 transcription factor as a central hub node. Considering the notable role of FOXC1 in EMT, the expression levels of FOXC1-related lncRNAs, lnc-FOXCUT and lnc-DANCR, were also evaluated in the studied tumors. The results of qRT-PCR confirmed notable upregulation of FOXC1, lnc-FOXCUT, and lnc-DANCR in TNBC tissues compared to non-TNBC samples (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0005, and P = 0.0008, respectively). Moreover, ROC curve analysis revealed the potential biomarker role of FOXC1 in TNBC samples. CONCLUSION Present study suggested that the deregulation of FOXC1/lnc-FOXCUT/lnc-DANCR axis may contribute to the aggressive features of triple-negative breast tumors. Therefore, this axis may be considered as a new probable therapeutic target in the treatment of TNBC.
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23
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Lin KH, Hsu HM, Hsu KF, Chu CH, Hong ZJ, Fu CY, Chou YC, Mehra G, Dai MS, Yu JC, Liao GS. Survival outcomes in elderly Taiwanese women according to breast cancer subtype and lymph node status: A single-center retrospective study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261258. [PMID: 34968382 PMCID: PMC8717987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the rates of overall survival and recurrence-free survival among elderly Taiwanese women (>65 years old) according to breast cancer subtype and lymph node status. We identified 554 eligible patients who were >65 years old and had been treated based on international recommendations at our center between June 2005 and June 2015. Patients with the luminal A subtype had the highest rates of overall survival (90.6%) and recurrence-free survival (97.0%), while the lowest overall survival rate was observed in those with the triple-negative subtype (81.3%) and the lowest recurrence-free survival rate was observed in those with the luminal B subtype (84.0%). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, using the luminal A subtype as the reference, revealed significant differences in recurrence-free survival among luminal B patients according to lymph node status. Among elderly Taiwanese women with breast cancer, the breast cancer subtype might help predict survival outcomes. The luminal B subtype was associated with poor recurrence-free survival, and lymph node status was useful for predicting recurrence-free survival in this subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Hung Lin
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Ming Hsu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hsu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hong Chu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Jie Hong
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Fu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Golshan Mehra
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ming-Shen Dai
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Shiou Liao
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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24
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Hu Y, Zou D. Combined mRNAs and clinical factors model on predicting prognosis in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260811. [PMID: 34965257 PMCID: PMC8716048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is aggressive cancer usually diagnosed in young women with no effective prognosis prediction model to use. The present study was performed to develop a useful prognostic model for predicting overall survival (OS) for TNBC patients. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) databases were used as training and validation data sets, respectively, in which the gene expression levels and clinical prognostic information of TNBC were collected. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between TNBC and non-TNBC (NTNBC) were identified with the thresholds of false discovery rate < 0.05 and |log2 Fold Change| > 1. DEGs in AmiGO2 and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were retained for further study. Univariate, multivariate Cox, and logistic regression analysis were conducted for detecting DEG signature with the threshold of log-rank P < 0.05. The prognosis models of mRNA signature, clinical factors were constructed and compared. RESULTS One five-DEG signature, including CHST4, COCH, CST9, SOX11, and TDGF1 was identified in DEG prognosis model. Stratified analysis showed that the patients aged over 60, with higher pathologic stage (III-IV) and recurrence induced a significantly lower survival rate than those aged below 60, lower pathologic stage and without recurrence. Compared with patients with low-risk scores, those presented high-risk scores demonstrated significantly lower survival rate in the subgroup aged over 60 [HR = 3.780 (1.801-7.933), P < 0.0001]. For patients who obtained a higher pathologic stage and recurrence, high-risk scores were correlated with a significantly lower survival rate than patients with low-risk scores. The five-mRNA signature combined with clinical model (AUC = 0.950) predicted better than single clinical model (AUC = 0.795) or five-mRNA signature model (AUC = 0.823). CONCLUSION Our present study identified a prognostic prediction model (combined with five-mRNA signature and clinical factors) for TNBC patients receiving immunotherapy, which will benefit future research and clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dehong Zou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Shen Y, Zhang B, Wei X, Guan X, Zhang W. CXCL8 is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with TNBC brain metastasis and immune infiltration. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108454. [PMID: 34929481 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Patients with TNBC are associated with an increased risk of developing brain metastasis and shortest median survival post-brain metastasis-diagnosis. However, the regulatory mechanism of TNBC brain metastasis has not been addressed. Here, by a series of integrated analyses of differential gene expression profile from brain metastases and primary triple negative breast cancer, we identified 15 differentially expressed genes in both TNBC brain metastasis tissue samples and TNBC brain metastasis cell line. After analyzing the prognostic value of those 15 differentially expressed genes, we found that CXCL8 was the only gene associated with multiple prognostic indicators in both all-breast cancer and TNBC populations. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses demonstrated that CXCL8 was associated with humoral immune response and immune cell infiltration. CXCL8 expression had a positive correlation with three immune-related scores (ImmuneScore, ESTIMATEScore and StromalScore), and multiple types of immune cell infiltration, including macrophages, neutrophils and Th1 cells. Besides, we also verified the prometastatic effect of CXCL8, by treating MDA-MB-231 and Hs578t cells with different concentrations of recombinant human CXCL8. Taken together, our results suggest that CXCL8 can be used as a prognostic biomarker and is associated with TNBC brain metastasis and immune infiltration. Our findings provide a new perspective on TNBC brain metastasis and illustrate great potential to develop new CXCL8-targeted therapy for clinical TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhu Shen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoguo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Real-World Data from a Refractory Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cohort Selected Using a Clinical Data Warehouse Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225835. [PMID: 34830990 PMCID: PMC8616548 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) have a very poor prognosis. We assume that some mTNBC patients have worse treatment outcomes and defined them as cases of refractory TNBC. We tried to investigate the characteristics and treatment outcomes of our refractory mTNBC cohort selected using a clinical data warehouse (CDW) approach. Between January 1997 and December 2019, TNBC patients were searched for in the breast cancer registry and, among them, pathologically confirmed mTNBC patients were selected as the study cohort (n = 451). Refractory TNBC was defined as cases of TNBC with confirmed distant metastasis within one year after adjuvant treatment. The refractory mTNBC group was younger and had a higher proportion of Ki-67 ≥ 3+ than the nonrefractory group. In addition, a much poorer prognosis existed among mTNBC patients, with an overall survival (OS) of 14.3 months and progression-free survival (PFS) of 4.2 months after first-line palliative chemotherapy compared to an OS of 24.8 months and PFS of 6.2 months in the nonrefractory TNBC group (p < 0.001). Abstract Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is well known for its aggressive course and poor prognosis. In this study, we sought to investigate clinical, demographic, and pathologic characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with refractory, metastatic TNBC selected by a clinical data warehouse (CDW) approach. Patients and methods: Data were extracted from the real-time breast cancer registry integrated into the Data Analytics and Research Window for Integrated Knowledge C (DARWIN-C), the CDW of Samsung Medical Center. Between January 1997 and December 2019, a TNBC cohort was searched for in the breast cancer registry, which includes records from more than 40,000 patients. Among them, cases of pathologically confirmed metastatic TNBC (mTNBC) were selected as the cohort group (n = 451). The extracted data from the registry via the CDW platform included clinical, pathological, laboratory, and chemotherapy information. Refractory TNBC was defined as confirmed distant metastasis within one year after adjuvant treatment. Results: This study comprised a total of 451 patients with mTNBC, including 69 patients with de novo mTNBC, 131 patients in the nonrefractory TNBC group with confirmed stage IV disease after one year of adjuvant treatment, and 251 patients with refractory mTNBC, whose disease recurred as stage IV within one year after completing adjuvant treatment. The refractory mTNBC cohort was composed of patients with disease that recurred at stage IV after surgery (refractory mTNBC after surgery) (n = 207) and patients in whom metastasis was confirmed during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (unresectable TNBC due to progression during neoadjuvant chemotherapy) (n = 44). Patients in the refractory mTNBC group were younger than those in the nonrefractory group (median age 46 vs. 51 years; p < 0.001). Considering the pathological findings, the refractory group had a greater proportion of cases with Ki-67 ≥ 3+ than did the nonrefractory group (71% vs. 47%; p = 0.004). During a median 8.4 years of follow-up, the overall survival was 24.8 months in the nonrefractory mTNBC group and 14.3 months in the refractory mTNBC group (p < 0.001), and the median progression-free survival periods were 6.2 months and 4.2 months, respectively (p < 0.001). The median disease-free survival period was 30.1 months in the nonrefractory mTNBC group and only 7.6 months in the refractory mTNBC group. Factors related to metastatic sites affecting overall survival were liver metastasis at diagnosis (p < 0.001) and leptomeningeal involvement (p = 0.001). Conclusions: We revealed that patients with refractory mTNBC had a much poorer prognosis among all mTNBC cases and described the characteristics of this patient group.
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Huang QF, Fang DL, Nong BB, Zeng J. Focal pyroptosis-related genes AIM2 and ZBP1 are prognostic markers for triple-negative breast cancer with brain metastases. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:4845-4858. [PMID: 35116337 PMCID: PMC8797367 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research has shown the role of pyroptosis in the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of breast cancer. The study sought to screen important pyroptosis-related genes and their role in the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients with brain metastasis (BM). METHODS The Gene Expression Omnibus database was used to obtain transcriptome data from primary TNBC and from TNBC BM patients. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the primary tumors and BMs were analyzed, and the expression, prognostic significance, immune infiltration, function, and drug sensitivity of the pyroptosis genes in the DEGs were analyzed. RESULTS In both data sets, 456 genes differed between primary TNBC and TNBC BM. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) and Z-deoxyribonucleic acid-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) were found to be important pyroptosis genes in DEGs, and significant differences in their expression in primary lesions and BMs were observed. Patients with a high expression of AIM2 had a worse prognosis than low expression, while patients with a high expression of ZBP1 had a better prognosis than low expression. AIM2 and ZBP1 were positively correlated with the infiltration of most immune cells; however, AIM2 was negatively correlated with the infiltration of neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD56) bright natural killer cells and central memory cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) T cells. Increased expression of ZBP1 is negatively correlated with high infiltration levels of central memory CD8 T cells and memory B cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that AIM2 and ZBP1 increase immune cell infiltration and may be potential targets for predicting and treating TNBC BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Fang Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Da Lang Fang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Bin Bin Nong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Glandular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Lagree A, Shiner A, Alera MA, Fleshner L, Law E, Law B, Lu FI, Dodington D, Gandhi S, Slodkowska EA, Shenfield A, Jerzak KJ, Sadeghi-Naini A, Tran WT. Assessment of Digital Pathology Imaging Biomarkers Associated with Breast Cancer Histologic Grade. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4298-4316. [PMID: 34898544 PMCID: PMC8628688 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evaluating histologic grade for breast cancer diagnosis is standard and associated with prognostic outcomes. Current challenges include the time required for manual microscopic evaluation and interobserver variability. This study proposes a computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) pipeline for grading tumors using artificial intelligence. Methods: There were 138 patients included in this retrospective study. Breast core biopsy slides were prepared using standard laboratory techniques, digitized, and pre-processed for analysis. Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were developed to identify the regions of interest containing malignant cells and to segment tumor nuclei. Imaging-based features associated with spatial parameters were extracted from the segmented regions of interest (ROIs). Clinical datasets and pathologic biomarkers (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor 2) were collected from all study subjects. Pathologic, clinical, and imaging-based features were input into machine learning (ML) models to classify histologic grade, and model performances were tested against ground-truth labels at the patient-level. Classification performances were evaluated using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: Multiparametric feature sets, containing both clinical and imaging-based features, demonstrated high classification performance. Using imaging-derived markers alone, the classification performance demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.745, while modeling these features with other pathologic biomarkers yielded an AUC of 0.836. Conclusion: These results demonstrate an association between tumor nuclear spatial features and tumor grade. If further validated, these systems may be implemented into pathology CADs and can assist pathologists to expeditiously grade tumors at the time of diagnosis and to help guide clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lagree
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (A.L.); (A.S.); (M.A.A.); (L.F.); (E.L.); (B.L.); (A.S.-N.)
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Temerty Centre for AI Research and Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Radiogenomics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (F.-I.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Audrey Shiner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (A.L.); (A.S.); (M.A.A.); (L.F.); (E.L.); (B.L.); (A.S.-N.)
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Radiogenomics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (F.-I.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Marie Angeli Alera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (A.L.); (A.S.); (M.A.A.); (L.F.); (E.L.); (B.L.); (A.S.-N.)
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Radiogenomics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (F.-I.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Lauren Fleshner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (A.L.); (A.S.); (M.A.A.); (L.F.); (E.L.); (B.L.); (A.S.-N.)
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Radiogenomics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (F.-I.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Ethan Law
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (A.L.); (A.S.); (M.A.A.); (L.F.); (E.L.); (B.L.); (A.S.-N.)
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Radiogenomics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (F.-I.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Brianna Law
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (A.L.); (A.S.); (M.A.A.); (L.F.); (E.L.); (B.L.); (A.S.-N.)
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Radiogenomics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (F.-I.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Fang-I Lu
- Radiogenomics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (F.-I.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (D.D.); (E.A.S.)
| | - David Dodington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (D.D.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Sonal Gandhi
- Radiogenomics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (F.-I.L.); (S.G.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada;
| | - Elzbieta A. Slodkowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (D.D.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Alex Shenfield
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard St, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
| | - Katarzyna J. Jerzak
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada;
| | - Ali Sadeghi-Naini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (A.L.); (A.S.); (M.A.A.); (L.F.); (E.L.); (B.L.); (A.S.-N.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 2S5, Canada
| | - William T. Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (A.L.); (A.S.); (M.A.A.); (L.F.); (E.L.); (B.L.); (A.S.-N.)
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Temerty Centre for AI Research and Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Radiogenomics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (F.-I.L.); (S.G.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-480-6100 (ext. 3746)
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Ibragimova MK, Tsyganov MM, Litviakov NV. Molecular-Genetic Portrait of Breast Cancer with Triple Negative Phenotype. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215348. [PMID: 34771512 PMCID: PMC8582512 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is a genetically heterogeneous disease with different molecular biological and clinical characteristics. The available knowledge about the genetic heterogeneity of the most aggressive molecular subtype of breast cancer—triple-negative—has led to discoveries in drug treatment. Identification of the molecular-genetic phenotype of breast cancer is an important prognostic factor of the disease and allows personalization of the patient’s treatment. Abstract Understanding of the genetic mechanisms and identification of the biological markers of tumor progression that form the individual molecular phenotype of transformed cells can characterize the degree of tumor malignancy, the ability to metastasize, the hormonal sensitivity, and the effectiveness of chemotherapy, etc. Breast cancer (BC) is a genetically heterogeneous disease with different molecular biological and clinical characteristics. The available knowledge about the genetic heterogeneity of the most aggressive molecular subtype of breast cancer—triple-negative (TN)—has led to discoveries in drug treatment, including the use of DNA damaging agents (platinum and PARP inhibitors) for these tumors, as well as the use of immunotherapy. Most importantly, the ability to prescribe optimal drug treatment regimens for patients with TNBC based on knowledge of the molecular-genetic characteristics of this subtype of BC will allow the achievement of high rates of overall and disease-free survival. Thus, identification of the molecular-genetic phenotype of breast cancer is an important prognostic factor of the disease and allows personalization of the patient’s treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina K. Ibragimova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia; (M.M.T.); (N.V.L.)
- National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Matvey M. Tsyganov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia; (M.M.T.); (N.V.L.)
| | - Nikolai V. Litviakov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia; (M.M.T.); (N.V.L.)
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Alvarez-Bañuelos MT, Segura-Jaramillo KA, Gómez-Rivera EDC, Alarcón-Rojas CA, Morales-Romero J, Sampieri CL, Guzmán-García RE. Age Under 30 Years As a Predictor of Poor Survival in a Cohort of Mexican Women With Breast Cancer. Cancer Control 2021; 28:10732748211047408. [PMID: 34670417 PMCID: PMC8546434 DOI: 10.1177/10732748211047408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Young women under 30 years with breast cancer (BC) are an emerging challenge.
The purpose is to identify prognostic factors for survival in young women
under 30 years of age with BC. Material and methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among women younger than or equal
to 40 years with BC and who were treated at the State Cancer Center during
the period 2012–2017. Overall survival was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier
method and the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analysis assessed
survival predictors using Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results 282 young women were included. The >30-year-old subgroup showed a
significant association with excess weight (P = .002)
compared to the <30-year-old group. The <30-year-old subgroup showed a
poor overall survival (56.7%), as well as highly significant values in
advanced clinical stages, metastatic nodules, metastasis, and neoadjuvant
therapy (P < .001). In Model 3 of the multivariate
analysis, age <30 years (HR = 3.0; 95% CI 1.1 to 8.6), triple negative
subtype (HR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.1 to 6.0), tumor size >5 cm HR = 2.3; 95% CI
1.03 to 5.1), and advanced clinical stages (HR = 6.6 95% CI 1.3 to 35.5)
persisted as predictors. Conclusions Being very young (<30 years) is a predictor for limited survival compared
to the age of 30–40 years, as well as the tumor covariates for a worse
prognosis: triple negative subtype, advanced stages, positive lymph nodes,
and distant metastases in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Clara L Sampieri
- Institute of Public Health, 27870Veracruzana University, Veracruz, Mexico
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Bryan S, Witzel I, Borgmann K, Oliveira-Ferrer L. Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Brain Metastases in HER2-Positive and Triple Negative Breast Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4137. [PMID: 34439289 PMCID: PMC8392331 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cause of cancer-associated death for women worldwide, with deaths commonly resulting from metastatic spread to distant organs. Approximately 30% of metastatic BC patients develop brain metastases (BM), a currently incurable diagnosis. The influence of BC molecular subtype and gene expression on breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) development and patient prognosis is undeniable and is, therefore, an important focus point in the attempt to combat the disease. The HER2-positive and triple-negative molecular subtypes are associated with an increased risk of developing BCBM. Several genetic and molecular mechanisms linked to HER2-positive and triple-negative BC breast cancers appear to influence BCBM formation on several levels, including increased development of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and migration of primary BC cells to the brain and/or through superior local invasiveness aided by cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). These specific BC characteristics, together with the ensuing developments at a clinical level, are presented in this review article, drawing a connection between research findings and related therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing BCBM formation and/or progression. Furthermore, we briefly address the critical limitations in our current understanding of this complex topic, highlighting potential focal points for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bryan
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (S.B.); (I.W.)
| | - Isabell Witzel
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (S.B.); (I.W.)
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Center of Oncology, Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Leticia Oliveira-Ferrer
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (S.B.); (I.W.)
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Zhang S, Cui T, Duan Y, Zhang H, Wang B, Chen H, Ni J, Shen Y, Xiao-Ai Lv. Radix Tetrastigma Extracts Enhance the Chemosensitivity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Via Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy. Clin Breast Cancer 2021; 22:89-97. [PMID: 34535390 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drug resistance in tumors is one of the major factors that leads to chemotherapy failure. This study aims to investigate the effect of Radix Tetrastigma extracts (RTEs) on Taxol-induced autophagy and the chemosensitivity against drug resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS Taxol-resistant MDA-MB-468 (MDA-MB-468/Taxol) cells were induced and treated with RTEs and/or Taxol. Mice were subcutaneously inoculated with MDA-MB- 468/Taxol cells to establish xenograft models. The associated protein levels were measured by western blotting. Flow cytometry, CCK-8 and EdU assay were performed to detect cell apoptosis, viability, and proliferation, respectively. RESULTS In MDA-MB-468/Taxol cells, RTEs & Taxol treatment increased cell apoptosis, reduced cell viability and proliferation, up-regulated anti-autophagy marker LC3I/LC3II ratio, and enhanced mTOR level. With RTEs & Taxol treatment, mTOR silencing downregulated LC3I/LC3II ratio, increased cell viability and proliferation, and reduced cell apoptosis, while mTOR overexpression showed the opposite results. PI3K inhibitor reduced AKT and mTOR levels, and the effects on cell activities were similar to the results of mTOR silencing. After RTEs & Taxol injection, xenograft tumor was smaller, and AKT, mTOR, LC3I/LC3II ratio and apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-3 were increased. CONCLUSION RTEs enhanced the chemosensitivity of resistant TNBC cells to Taxol through inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated autophagy. MICRO RTEs exerted anti-tumor effects in various cancers, and this study determined its role in TNBC. Taxol-resistant MDA-MB-468 cells were induced and xenograft models were established. We found that RTEs inhibited autophagy of MDA-MB-468/Taxol cells and reduced tumor growth. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway promoted autophagy of MDA-MB-468/Taxol cells. We may provide a new potential strategy for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Tongxing Cui
- General Surgery department, the affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao university, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yin Duan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Hongchen Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Huiling Chen
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Junjie Ni
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yilin Shen
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiao-Ai Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Vajen B, Greiwe L, Schäffer V, Eilers M, Huge N, Stalke A, Schlegelberger B, Illig T, Skawran B. MicroRNA-192-5p inhibits migration of triple negative breast cancer cells and directly regulates Rho GTPase activating protein 19. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2021; 60:733-742. [PMID: 34296808 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the different breast cancer subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with a poor prognosis, low survival rates, and high expression of histone deacetylases. Treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) leads to an increased expression of potential tumor-suppressive miRNAs. Characterization of these miRNAs can help to find new molecular targets for treatment of TNBC. We identified differentially expressed miRNAs by microarray analyses after treatment with TSA in the TNBC cell lines HCC38, HCC1395, and HCC1935. The gene locus of hsa-miRNA-192-5p (miR-192) and hsa-miR-194-2 (miR-194-2) with its host gene, long noncoding RNA miR-194-2HG, has been linked to inhibition of migration in different tumor types. Therefore, we examined tumor-relevant functional effects using WST-1-based proliferation, capsase-3/7-based apoptosis, and trans-well migration assays after transfection with miRNA mimics or specific siRNAs. We demonstrated the tumor-suppressive capacity of miR-192 in TNBC cells, which was exerted through inhibition of proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and reduction of migration. Gene expression and bioinformatics analyses of TNBC cell lines transfected with miR-192 mimics, identified a number of genes involved in migration including the Rho GTPase Activating Protein ARHGAP19. Through RNA immunoprecipitation we demonstrated the direct binding of miR-192 and ARHGAP19. Downregulation of ARHGAP19 expression by either miR-192 or siRNA inhibited migration of TNBC cells significantly. Our findings demonstrate that overexpression of epigenetically deregulated miR-192 decreases proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and inhibits migration of TNBC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Vajen
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luisa Greiwe
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vera Schäffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marlies Eilers
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Huge
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amelie Stalke
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Illig
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Skawran
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Costa REARD, Oliveira FTRD, Araújo ALN, Vieira SC. Prognostic factors in triple-negative breast cancer: a retrospective cohort. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2021; 67:950-957. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Liu B, Pan J, Fu C. Correlation of microRNA-367 in the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of breast cancer patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26103. [PMID: 34087856 PMCID: PMC8183767 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a malignant tumor originating from cells of the breast. Notably, microRNAs have been recognized as biomarkers of BC metastasis. The present study is designed to evaluate the association between microRNA (miR)-367 expression and BC with the variance of clinicopathologic features and prognosis.Initially, 63 BC patients were allocated in the BC group, while the other 40 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. miR-367 expression in the serum of patients and healthy controls was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the relation between miR-367 in serum and clinicopathologic features and prognosis of BC patients was accessed.miR-367 expression in serum of the BC group was evidently lower than that in the control group (all P < .001). Besides, miR-367 underexpression in the BC group was closely associated with the variance in tumor nodes metastasis advanced stage, tumor diameter, and lymph node metastasis of BC (all P < .001). In addition, compared with the control group, poorly expressed miR-367 BC group had short period of disease-free survival and overall survival (all P < .001).Our study demonstrated that miR-367 expression is associated with BC clinicopathologic features and prognosis. This investigation may offer new insight for BC treatment.
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Gao Y, Wang X, Li S, Zhang Z, Li X, Lin F. Identification of a DNA Methylation-Based Prognostic Signature for Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e930025. [PMID: 34003815 PMCID: PMC8140526 DOI: 10.12659/msm.930025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant DNA methylation is an important biological regulatory mechanism in malignant tumors. However, it remains underutilized for establishing prognostic models for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Methylation data and expression data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to identify differentially methylated sites (DMSs). The prognosis-related DMSs were selected by univariate Cox regression analysis. Functional enrichment was analyzed using DAVID. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING. Finally, a methylation-based prognostic signature was constructed using LASSO method and further validated in 2 validation cohorts. RESULTS Firstly, we identified 743 DMSs corresponding to 332 genes, including 357 hypermethylated sites and 386 hypomethylated sites. Furthermore, we selected 103 prognosis-related DMSs by univariate Cox regression. Using a LASSO algorithm, we established a 5-DMSs prognostic signature in TCGA-TNBC cohort, which could classify TNBC patients with significant survival difference (log-rank p=4.97E-03). Patients in the high-risk group had shorter overall survival than patients in the low-risk group. The excellent performance was validated in GSE78754 (HR=2.42, 95%CI: 1.27-4.59, log-rank P=0.0055). Moreover, for disease-free survival, the prognostic performance was verified in GSE141441 (HR=2.09, 95%CI: 1.28-3.44, log-rank P=0.0027). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the 5-DMSs signature could serve as an independent risk factor. CONCLUSIONS We constructed a 5-DMSs signature with excellent performance for the prediction of disease-free survival and overall survival, providing a guide for clinicians in directing personalized therapeutic regimen selection of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinqi Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xuelong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Shihui Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Fangcai Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Abdul Aziz AA, Md Salleh MS, Yahya MM, Zakaria AD, Ankathil R. Genetic Association of CYP1B1 4326 C>G Polymorphism with Disease-Free Survival in TNBC Patients Undergoing TAC Chemotherapy Regimen. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:1319-1324. [PMID: 33906328 PMCID: PMC8325143 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.4.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) which is treated with taxane, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (TAC) chemotherapy regimen show variation in treatment response. CYP1B1 4326 C>G polymorphism has been implicated in contributing to the differences in treatment response in various types of cancers. Aim: The objective of the present study was to investigate whether this polymorphism modulate the risk of disease recurrence in TNBC patients undergoing TAC chemotherapy regimen. Methods: Blood samples of 76 immunohistochemistry confirmed TNBC patients were recruited. The genotyping of CYP1B1 4326 C>G polymorphism was carried out using PCR-RFLP technique. The genotype patterns were categorized into homozygous wildtype, heterozygous and homozygous variant. Kaplan-Meier analysis followed by Cox proportional hazard regression model were performed to evaluate the TNBC patients’ recurrence risk. Results: Out of 76 TNBC patients, 25 (33.0%) showed disease recurrence after one-year evaluation. Kaplan Meier analysis showed that TNBC patients who are carriers of CYP1B1 4326 GG variant genotypes (37.0%) had a significantly lower probability of disease-free rates as compared to TNBC patients who are carriers of CYP1B1 4326 CC/CG genotypes (71.0%). Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that TNBC patients who carried CYP1B1 4326 GG variant genotype had a significantly higher risk of recurrence with HR: 2.50 and HR: 4.18 respectively, even after adjustment as compared to TNBC patients who were carriers of CYP1B1 4326 CC and CG genotypes. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the potential use of CYP1B1 4325 GG variant genotype as a candidate biomarker in predicting risk of recurrence in TNBC patients undergoing TAC chemotherapy regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Aizat Abdul Aziz
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Md Salzihan Md Salleh
- Department of Pathology School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Maya Mazuwin Yahya
- Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria
- Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ravindran Ankathil
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Ye JH, Wang XH, Shi JJ, Yin X, Chen C, Chen Y, Wu HY, Jiong S, Sun Q, Zhang M, Shi XB, Zhou GR, Hassan S, Feng JF, Xu XY, Zhang WJ. Tumor-associated macrophages are associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and poor outcomes in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:2886-2892. [PMID: 33854589 PMCID: PMC8040876 DOI: 10.7150/jca.47566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an essential role in tumor progression and metastasis. However, the role of TAMs in neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is unclear and need to be identified. The main subject of this study was to investigate whether TAMs are related to the chemotherapeutic response with triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed pretreatment tissue from patients who received NAC and followed by a mastectomy or breast-conservation for stage II-III TNBC in this study. The association between TAMs and the pathological complete response (pCR) rate of TNBC to NAC was analyzed. In addition, the correlation of the TAMs with recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with TNBC was also evaluated. Results: Of the 91 patients, 31 (34.1%) patients experienced pathological complete response (pCR) after completion of NAC. Regarding the chemotheraptic response, patients with low infiltration of CD163+ macrophages achieved a significantly higher rate of pCR. Importantly, Kaplan-Meier survival shown that patients with high infiltration of CD163+ macrophages and non-pCR had poor OS and RFS. Conclusions: our data showed that TAMs may predict chemotherapeutic response and can be used as a promising prognostic candidate for poor survival in TNBC patients treated with NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Ye
- Dept. of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Wang
- Dept. of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Jun Shi
- Dept. of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Yin
- Dept. of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Dept. of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Dept. of Pathology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wu
- Dept. of Pathology, Affiliated Drum tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi Jiong
- Dept. of Pathology, Affiliated Drum tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Dept. of Pathology, Affiliated Drum tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Dept. of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian-Biao Shi
- Dept. of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Ren Zhou
- Dept. of Breast Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shahzeb Hassan
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago 60611, IL, United States
| | - Ji-Feng Feng
- Dept. of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Yun Xu
- Dept. of Pathology, Affiliated Drum tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Jie Zhang
- Dept. of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Kreps LM, Addison CL. Targeting Intercellular Communication in the Bone Microenvironment to Prevent Disseminated Tumor Cell Escape from Dormancy and Bone Metastatic Tumor Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062911. [PMID: 33805598 PMCID: PMC7998601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis to the bone is a common feature of many cancers including those of the breast, prostate, lung, thyroid and kidney. Once tumors metastasize to the bone, they are essentially incurable. Bone metastasis is a complex process involving not only intravasation of tumor cells from the primary tumor into circulation, but extravasation from circulation into the bone where they meet an environment that is generally suppressive of their growth. The bone microenvironment can inhibit the growth of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) by inducing dormancy of the DTC directly and later on following formation of a micrometastatic tumour mass by inhibiting metastatic processes including angiogenesis, bone remodeling and immunosuppressive cell functions. In this review we will highlight some of the mechanisms mediating DTC dormancy and the complex relationships which occur between tumor cells and bone resident cells in the bone metastatic microenvironment. These inter-cellular interactions may be important targets to consider for development of novel effective therapies for the prevention or treatment of bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Kreps
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Christina L. Addison
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-737-7700
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Liu J, Li Y, Li Q, Liang D, Wang Q, Liu Q. Biomarkers of response to camrelizumab combined with apatinib: an analysis from a phase II trial in advanced triple-negative breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 186:687-697. [PMID: 33634417 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We recently reported results of a phase II trial that camrelizumab plus apatinib induced an objective response rate (ORR) at 43.3% in advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study presents analysis of potential biomarkers. METHODS TILs, CD8+ T cells and PD-1/PD-L1 expression were evaluated in tumor samples by immunohistochemistry. 59 Cytokines/chemokines, growth factors, or checkpoint-related proteins, blood immune cell subpopulations were analyzed in blood samples by multiplexed bead immunoassays or flow cytometry. Correlation between biomarkers and clinical outcomes including ORR, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) was analyzed. RESULTS 28 Patients had biopsies and blood collected. Baseline TILs were significantly associated with longer PFS (P = 0.035). An increase of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells > 15% during therapy was associated with higher ORR (P = 0.040). Patients with lower baseline plasma levels of HGF or IL-8 were more likely to respond to treatment (P = 0.005 or 0.001, respectively), and showed a longer PFS and OS. Patients with a decrease of IL-8, or an increase of TIM-3 or CD152 during treatment responded more to treatment (P = 0.008, 0.040, or 0.014, respectively). Responders had a higher baseline CD4+ T cells and B cell proportions in blood than non-responders (P = 0.002 and 0.030, respectively). CONCLUSION Higher baseline TILs or a greater increase of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells during therapy, lower baseline plasma HGF/IL-8, a decrease of plasma IL-8, an increase of plasma TIM-3/CD152 during therapy, higher baseline CD4+ T cells or B cells proportion in blood are potential biomarkers for combinational anti-angiogenesis and immunotherapy in advanced TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Yanjiang West Road 107#, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Yanjiang West Road 107#, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Yanjiang West Road 107#, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- Genecast Precision Medicine Technology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Quanren Wang
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Yanjiang West Road 107#, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Wang H, Li CY, Zha HL, Xu D, Hu ZB. Diagnostic and Predictive Values of Strain Ratios in the Regions of Interests in Reference Tissue for Breast Tumor. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:1017-1028. [PMID: 33574701 PMCID: PMC7871176 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s292944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the diagnostic and predictive value of strain ratios in the regions of interests (ROIs) in reference tissue for breast tumor. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 707 lesions in 665 consecutive patients were examined with B-mode Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) and Ultrasonic elastography (UE). Elasticity score (ES) and strain ratio (SR) in each lesion were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the diagnostic value of BI-RADS, ES, SR1, SR2, BI-RADS combined with ES (BI-RADS+ES), BI-RADS combined with SR1 (BI-RADS+SR1), and BI-RADS combined with SR2 (BI-RADS+SR2). The sensitivity, specificity, and areas under the ROC curves (Az) were obtained. Scatter plots were generated to demonstrate the correlation between SR1 and SR2. Kruskal-Walls H-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and one-way ANOVA were performed to evaluate SRs and tumor-related variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to determine variables independently associated with SRs. RESULTS BI-RADS had high sensitivity and low specificity in the diagnosis of breast tumor. The specificity of BI-BADS combined with ES or SR was even higher. The Az value of BI-RADS+ES or BI-RADS+SRs was higher than that of BI-RADS (P < 0.001). The Az value of ES was higher than those of SR1 and SR2 (P < 0.001), and those of SR1 and SR2 were similar. SR1 and SR2 were highly positively correlated. There was no statistical difference between Az values of BI-RADS+ES, BI-RADS+SR1, and BI-RADS+SR2. Indistinct margin, high histologic grade, histological type, and negative human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her-2) were associated with SR1 and SR2. Progesterone receptor (PR) status and molecular subtype were associated with SR2. Histologic grade and tumor margin were significantly associated with SR1, and tumor margin was associated with SR2. CONCLUSION SRs in different ROIs in the reference tissue at the same depth showed no different diagnostic value for breast tumor. Both SR1 and SR2 could be useful in assessing the biological characteristics of invasive breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui-Ying Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ling Zha
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Bin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People’s Republic of China
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Xie N, Xu Y, Zhong Y, Li J, Yao H, Qin T. Clinicopathological Characteristics and Treatment Strategies of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients With a Survival Longer than 5 Years. Front Oncol 2021; 10:617593. [PMID: 33598434 PMCID: PMC7882729 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.617593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by high malignancy and a poor prognosis. Patients with TNBC who survive longer than 5 years represent a unique portion of the population. This study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological features, explore prognostic factors, and evaluate treatment options for these patients. Methods A total of 24,943 TNBC patients were enrolled from the national Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between January 2010 and December 2016. The patients were divided into three groups: group 1, survival time <3 years; group 2, 3–5 years; and group 3, survival time ≥5 years. The overall survival (OS) and breast cancer cause-specific survival (BCSS) were primarily assessed in this study. A propensity score analysis was used to avoid bias caused by the data selection criteria. We used a Cox hazard ratio analysis to determine prognostic factors, which were selected as nomogram parameters to develop a model for predicting patient survival. Results Patients who survived longer than 5 years were more likely to be younger than 55 years, Caucasian, and exhibit a lower AJCC stage, N stage, distant metastasis, lymph node (LN) involvement, and tumor size than those with a shorter survival time (p < 0.05). The multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that age, race, tumor size, LN status, and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors. Subgroup analyses for patients with tumors ≤20 mm displayed a superior OS and BCSS for breast-conserving surgery (BCS) not treated with a mastectomy. BCS provided at least an equivalent prognosis to a mastectomy in patients with tumors larger than 20 mm. A nomogram with a C-index of 0.776 (95% confidence interval: 0.767–0.785) was developed to predict the 3- and 5-year survival probability for the patients with TNBC. Conclusion A localized surgical approach may represent a superior choice for TNBC patients with a survival time longer than 5 years. Our study indicated that age, race, tumor size, LN status, and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors. A prognostic nomogram directly quantified patient risk and was better able to predict long-term survival in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Herui Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Breast Cancer Type Classification Using Machine Learning. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020061. [PMID: 33498339 PMCID: PMC7909418 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease defined by molecular types and subtypes. Advances in genomic research have enabled use of precision medicine in clinical management of breast cancer. A critical unmet medical need is distinguishing triple negative breast cancer, the most aggressive and lethal form of breast cancer, from non-triple negative breast cancer. Here we propose use of a machine learning (ML) approach for classification of triple negative breast cancer and non-triple negative breast cancer patients using gene expression data. Methods: We performed analysis of RNA-Sequence data from 110 triple negative and 992 non-triple negative breast cancer tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas to select the features (genes) used in the development and validation of the classification models. We evaluated four different classification models including Support Vector Machines, K-nearest neighbor, Naïve Bayes and Decision tree using features selected at different threshold levels to train the models for classifying the two types of breast cancer. For performance evaluation and validation, the proposed methods were applied to independent gene expression datasets. Results: Among the four ML algorithms evaluated, the Support Vector Machine algorithm was able to classify breast cancer more accurately into triple negative and non-triple negative breast cancer and had less misclassification errors than the other three algorithms evaluated. Conclusions: The prediction results show that ML algorithms are efficient and can be used for classification of breast cancer into triple negative and non-triple negative breast cancer types.
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Long non-coding RNA LINC00511/miR-150/MMP13 axis promotes breast cancer proliferation, migration and invasion. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:165957. [PMID: 33031905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In existing studies, some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are considered to have important regulatory roles in the development of cancers. However, the pathogenic significance of LINC00511 in breast cancer is unclear. In this study, LINC00511 was significantly up-regulated in breast cancer, and its expression level was correlated to poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer. To further study the role of LINC00511 in breast cancer, we knocked down the expression of LINC00511 using siRNAs. Cells transfected with siRNA-2 proliferated, and its metastasis was suppressed. RNA-seq analysis revealed 182 potential targets for LINC00511. The in-silico analysis revealed that differently expressed genes were closely related to signaling mediated by p38-alpha and p38-beta. Subcellular localization showed that LINC00511 was mainly located in the cytoplasm, and knocking down the LINC00511 gene could down-regulate the expression of MMP13. Using bioinformatics analysis combined with dual-luciferase report assay, we finally determined that miR-150 was the direct target of LINC00511. The dual-luciferase report assays also showed that MMP13 was the target of miR-150. LINC00511 knockdown significantly reduced MMP13 protein levels, and miR-150 gene knockdown significantly rescued the down-regulation of MMP13 caused by LINC00511 gene silencing. Moreover, silencing MMP13 and overexpression of miR-150 could reduce the proliferation of breast cancer cells. In conclusion, our data show that LINC00511 is a breast cancer promoter, and the LINC00511/miR-150/MMP13 axis may be a new therapeutic strategy for breast cancer patients.
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Ly L, Cheng X, Murthy SRK, Zhuang T, Jones OZ, Basadonna G, Keidar M, Canady J. Canady cold plasma conversion system treatment: An effective inhibitor of cell viability in breast cancer molecular subtypes. CLINICAL PLASMA MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpme.2020.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ji X, Han T, Kang N, Huang S, Liu Y. Preparation of RGD4C fused anti-TNFα nanobody and inhibitory activity on triple-negative breast cancer in vivo. Life Sci 2020; 260:118274. [PMID: 32827545 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is not sensitive to current endocrine treatments, so new treatment strategies need to be explored. Based on previous antitumour studies on anti-TNFα nanobody, we designed a novel fusion nanobody to enhance antitumour activity of the anti-TNFα nanobody in TNBC. MAIN METHODS The RGD4C contains RGD sequence, which is the smallest recognition unit binding to the αvβ3 receptor on tumour cell membranes and involved in tumour cell adhesion, proliferation, and metastasis. RGD4C was fused to anti-TNFα nanobody to investigate the antitumour activity in vitro and in vivo. KEY FINDINGS The antitumour effects of fusion nanobody V-L-R-H could effectively bind to αvβ3 and inhibit cell migration and proliferation of MDA-MB-231, which had satisfying purification efficiency and approving antigen or receptor binding activity. V-L-R-H could inhibit the TNFα-mediated PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signal pathway and integrin αvβ3 correlative FAK focal adhesion signal pathway. Mouse xenograft tumour experiments showed that the V-L-R-H could inhibit tumour proliferation and metastasis; reduce the TNFα, HIFα, Ki67, and CD31 concentrations in tumour; and inhibit the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. SIGNIFICANCE The fusion nanobody enhanced antitumour activity of the anti-TNFα nanobody on TNBC. It provided a reference for the design of dual functional fusion proteins and development of tumour treatment strategies of antagonistic TNFα and αvβ3, and a new therapeutic strategy and research direction for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Ji
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tianzhen Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Nannan Kang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Song Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Lee KL, Chen G, Chen TY, Kuo YC, Su YK. Effects of Cancer Stem Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Brain Metastasis: Challenges and Solutions. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082122. [PMID: 32751846 PMCID: PMC7463650 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A higher propensity of developing brain metastasis exists in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Upon comparing the metastatic patterns of all breast cancer subtypes, patients with TNBC exhibited increased risks of the brain being the initial metastatic site, early brain metastasis development, and shortest brain metastasis-related survival. Notably, the development of brain metastasis differs from that at other sites owing to the brain-unique microvasculature (blood brain barrier (BBB)) and intracerebral microenvironment. Studies of brain metastases from TNBC have revealed the poorest treatment response, mostly because of the relatively backward strategies to target vast disease heterogeneity and poor brain efficacy. Moreover, TNBC is highly associated with the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which contribute to circulating cancer cell survival before BBB extravasation, evasion from immune surveillance, and plasticity in adaptation to the brain-specific microenvironment. We summarized recent literature regarding molecules and pathways and reviewed the effects of CSC biology during the formation of brain metastasis in TNBC. Along with the concept of individualized cancer therapy, certain strategies, namely the patient-derived xenograft model to overcome the lack of treatment-relevant TNBC classification and techniques in BBB disruption to enhance brain efficacy has been proposed in the hope of achieving treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kha-Liang Lee
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (G.C.); (T.-Y.C.)
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Gao Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (G.C.); (T.-Y.C.)
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yuan Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (G.C.); (T.-Y.C.)
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Kuo
- Taipei Medical University (TMU) Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Kai Su
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (G.C.); (T.-Y.C.)
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Delineation of the Germline and Somatic Mutation Interaction Landscape in Triple-Negative and Non-Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Genomics 2020; 2020:2641370. [PMID: 32724790 PMCID: PMC7364202 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2641370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer development and progression involve both germline and somatic mutations. High-throughput genotyping and next-generation sequencing technologies have enabled discovery of genetic risk variants and acquired somatic mutations driving the disease. However, the possible oncogenic interactions between germline genetic risk variants and somatic mutations in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-triple-negative breast cancer (non-TNBC) have not been characterized. Here, we delineated the possible oncogenic interactions between genes containing germline and somatic mutations in TNBC and non-TNBC and investigated whether there are differences in gene expression and mutation burden between the two types of breast cancer. Methods We addressed this problem by integrating germline mutation information from genome-wide association studies with somatic mutation information from next-generation sequencing using gene expression data as the intermediated phenotype. We performed network and pathway analyses to discover molecular networks and signalling pathways enriched for germline and somatic mutations. Results The investigation revealed signatures of differentially expressed and differentially somatic mutated genes between TNBC and non-TNBC. Network and pathway analyses revealed functionally related genes interacting in gene regulatory networks and multiple signalling pathways enriched for germline and somatic mutations for each type of breast cancer. Among the signalling pathways discovered included the DNA repair and Androgen and ATM signalling pathways for TNBC and the DNA damage response, molecular mechanisms of cancer, and ATM and GP6 signalling pathways for non-TNBC. Conclusions The results show that integrative genomics is a powerful approach for delineating oncogenic interactions between genes containing germline and genes containing somatic mutations in TNBC and non-TNBC and establishes putative functional bridges between genetic and somatic alterations and the pathways they control in the two types of breast cancer.
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Wu J, Mamidi TKK, Zhang L, Hicks C. Unraveling the Genomic-Epigenomic Interaction Landscape in Triple Negative and Non-Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061559. [PMID: 32545594 PMCID: PMC7352267 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The recent surge of next generation sequencing of breast cancer genomes has enabled development of comprehensive catalogues of somatic mutations and expanded the molecular classification of subtypes of breast cancer. However, somatic mutations and gene expression data have not been leveraged and integrated with epigenomic data to unravel the genomic-epigenomic interaction landscape of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-triple negative breast cancer (non-TNBC). Methods: We performed integrative data analysis combining somatic mutation, epigenomic and gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to unravel the possible oncogenic interactions between genomic and epigenomic variation in TNBC and non-TNBC. We hypothesized that within breast cancers, there are differences in somatic mutation, DNA methylation and gene expression signatures between TNBC and non-TNBC. We further hypothesized that genomic and epigenomic alterations affect gene regulatory networks and signaling pathways driving the two types of breast cancer. Results: The investigation revealed somatic mutated, epigenomic and gene expression signatures unique to TNBC and non-TNBC and signatures distinguishing the two types of breast cancer. In addition, the investigation revealed molecular networks and signaling pathways enriched for somatic mutations and epigenomic changes unique to each type of breast cancer. The most significant pathways for TNBC were: retinal biosynthesis, BAG2, LXR/RXR, EIF2 and P2Y purigenic receptor signaling pathways. The most significant pathways for non-TNBC were: UVB-induced MAPK, PCP, Apelin endothelial, Endoplasmatic reticulum stress and mechanisms of viral exit from host signaling Pathways. Conclusion: The investigation revealed integrated genomic, epigenomic and gene expression signatures and signing pathways unique to TNBC and non-TNBC, and a gene signature distinguishing the two types of breast cancer. The study demonstrates that integrative analysis of multi-omics data is a powerful approach for unravelling the genomic-epigenomic interaction landscape in TNBC and non-TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiande Wu
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Genetic, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, 533 Bolivar Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Tarun Karthik Kumar Mamidi
- Center for Computational Genomics and Data Science, Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Alabama–Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, 513 Edwards Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - Chindo Hicks
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Genetic, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, 533 Bolivar Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-504-568-2657
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Qiu Z, Xiao J, Zheng S, Huang W, Du T, Au WW, Wu K. Associations between functional polychlorinated biphenyls in adipose tissues and prognostic biomarkers of breast cancer patients. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109441. [PMID: 32247153 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been shown to influence expression of some biomarkers that are predictive/prognostic for breast cancer. Therefore, our study was conducted to further investigating associations of different functional PCBs in adipose tissue with breast cancer prognostic biomarkers. METHODS Two hundred and five breast cancer patients were recruited in Shantou, China. Breast adipose tissues were collected during their resection surgery and levels of 7 PCB congeners were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The PCB congeners were divided into 4 groups according to structure-activity. Socio-demographic, clinical and pathological information were obtained from questionnaire and digital medical records. Odds ratios (ORs) for associations between prognostic biomarkers and PCB levels (tertile 3 [T3], tertile 2 [T2] vs. tertile 1) were estimated from logistic regression models. RESULTS Most PCB congeners were detectable, with a highest level (22.06 ng/g lipid) of PCB153. As for estrogenic PCBs, increased PCB52 exposure was positively associated with PR expression (ORT2 = 2.36, Ptrend = 0.054), but higher PCB101 level was negatively associated with HER-2 (ORT3 = 0.24, Ptrend = 0.029) and tumor size (OR = 0.43). Limited dioxin-like PCB138 exposure was positively associated with ER (ORT2 = 3.23, ORT3 = 3.77, Ptrend = 0.047) but negatively with Top-IIα expression (ORT2 = 0.35, ORT3 = 0.28, Ptrend = 0.080). Higher PCB153 (CYP inducer) level was negatively associated with ER (ORT2 = 0.32, ORT3 = 0.19, Ptrend = 0.038) but positively with Ki-67 expression (ORT2 = 1.43, ORT3 = 3.60, Ptrend = 0.055). Higher neurotoxic PCB28 was positively associated with HER-2 (ORT3 = 5.43, Ptrend = 0.006) and tumor size (OR = 2.37). Moreover, total PCBs exposure was positively associated with VEGF-C (ORT2 = 76.91, ORT3 = 97.96, Ptrend = 0.041) and tumor metastasis (OR = 2.25). CONCLUSIONS Different functional PCB congeners have different associations (both positive and negative) with breast cancer prognostic biomarkers, as well as tumor classification stage. Therefore, the development and aggressiveness of breast cancer may depend upon exposure to specific structure-activity of PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Qiu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiefeng Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shukai Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Taifeng Du
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - William W Au
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China.
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