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Wu J, Song L, Lu M, Gao Q, Xu S, Zhou P, Ma T. The multifaceted functions of DNA-PKcs: implications for the therapy of human diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e613. [PMID: 38898995 PMCID: PMC11185949 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), catalytic subunit, also known as DNA-PKcs, is complexed with the heterodimer Ku70/Ku80 to form DNA-PK holoenzyme, which is well recognized as initiator in the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) repair after double strand break (DSB). During NHEJ, DNA-PKcs is essential for both DNA end processing and end joining. Besides its classical function in DSB repair, DNA-PKcs also shows multifaceted functions in various biological activities such as class switch recombination (CSR) and variable (V) diversity (D) joining (J) recombination in B/T lymphocytes development, innate immunity through cGAS-STING pathway, transcription, alternative splicing, and so on, which are dependent on its function in NHEJ or not. Moreover, DNA-PKcs deficiency has been proven to be related with human diseases such as neurological pathogenesis, cancer, immunological disorder, and so on through different mechanisms. Therefore, it is imperative to summarize the latest findings about DNA-PKcs and diseases for better targeting DNA-PKcs, which have shown efficacy in cancer treatment in preclinical models. Here, we discuss the multifaceted roles of DNA-PKcs in human diseases, meanwhile, we discuss the progresses of DNA-PKcs inhibitors and their potential in clinical trials. The most updated review about DNA-PKcs will hopefully provide insights and ideas to understand DNA-PKcs associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Wu
- Cancer Research CenterBeijing Chest HospitalCapital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Liwei Song
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryBeijing Chest HospitalCapital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Mingjun Lu
- Cancer Research CenterBeijing Chest HospitalCapital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Qing Gao
- Cancer Research CenterBeijing Chest HospitalCapital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Shaofa Xu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryBeijing Chest HospitalCapital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Ping‐Kun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for RadiobiologyBeijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Teng Ma
- Cancer Research CenterBeijing Chest HospitalCapital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijingChina
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Sun R, He J, Xiang Q, Feng Y, Gong Y, Ning Y, Deng C, Sun K, Zhang M, Cheng Z, Le X, Xiong Q, Dai F, Wu Y, Xiang T. NTF4 plays a dual role in breast cancer in mammary tumorigenesis and metastatic progression. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:641-657. [PMID: 36632451 PMCID: PMC9830504 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.79435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis can happen even when the primary tumor is relatively small. But the mechanism for such early metastasis is poorly understood. Herein, we report that neurotrophin 4 (NTF4) plays a dual role in breast cancer proliferation and metastasis. Clinical data showed high levels of NTF4, especially in the early stage, to be associated with poor clinical outcomes, supporting the notion that metastasis, rather than primary cancer, was the major determinant of breast cancer mortality for patients. NTF4 promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell motility, and invasiveness of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, NTF4 inhibited cell proliferation while promoting cellular apoptosis in vitro and inhibited xenograft tumorigenicity in vivo. Mechanistically, NTF4 elicited its pro-metastatic effects by activating PRKDC/AKT and ANXA1/NF-κB pathways to stabilize SNAIL protein, therefore decreasing the level of E-cadherin. Conversely, NTF4 increased ANXA1 phosphorylation and sumoylation and the interaction with importin β, leading to nuclear import and retention of ANXA1, which in turn activates the caspase-3 apoptosis cascade. Our findings identified an unexpected dual role for NTF4 in breast cancer which contributes to early metastasis of the disease. Therefore, NTF4 may serve as a prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Department of Oncology, Jiulongpo People's Hospital, Chongqing 400050, China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yixiao Feng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yijia Gong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yijiao Ning
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chaoqun Deng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kexin Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiulongpo People's Hospital, Chongqing 400050, China
| | - Zhaobo Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xin Le
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qi Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fengsheng Dai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Tingxiu Xiang. Tel: (023) 65079282. E-mail: and Yongzhong Wu. E-mail:
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Tingxiu Xiang. Tel: (023) 65079282. E-mail: and Yongzhong Wu. E-mail:
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Beyond DNA Repair: DNA-PKcs in Tumor Metastasis, Metabolism and Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113389. [PMID: 33207636 PMCID: PMC7698146 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) is a key component of the DNA-PK complex that has a well-characterized function in the non-homologous end-joining repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Since its identification, a large body of evidence has demonstrated that DNA-PKcs is frequently overexpressed in cancer, plays a critical role in tumor development and progression, and is associated with poor prognosis of cancer patients. Intriguingly, recent studies have suggested novel functions beyond the canonical role of DNA-PKcs, which has transformed the paradigm of DNA-PKcs in tumorigenesis and has reinvigorated the interest to target DNA-PKcs for cancer treatment. In this review, we update recent advances in DNA-PKcs, in particular the emerging roles in tumor metastasis, metabolic dysregulation, and immune escape. We further discuss the possible molecular basis that underpins the pleiotropism of DNA-PKcs in cancer. Finally, we outline the biomarkers that may predict the therapeutic response to DNA-PKcs inhibitor therapy. Understanding the functional repertoire of DNA-PKcs will provide mechanistic insights of DNA-PKcs in malignancy and, more importantly, may revolutionize the design and utility of DNA-PKcs-based precision cancer therapy.
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Keratin 80 promotes migration and invasion of colorectal carcinoma by interacting with PRKDC via activating the AKT pathway. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1009. [PMID: 30262880 PMCID: PMC6160410 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the function of Keratin 80 (KRT80), an epithelial keratin, in cancer. This study investigated the role of KRT80 in the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and the underlying mechanisms involved in CRC migration and invasion. We analyzed the expression of KRT80 using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Oncomine databases. Higher expression of KRT80 was found to be significantly associated with multiple pathological parameters, lower disease-free survival, and overall survival in CRC patients. Also, KRT80 was an independent prognostic indicator for CRC. Furthermore, altered KRT80 expression impacted migration and invasion of CRC cells, as well as the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers and cell morphology via the AKT pathway. Inhibiting the expression of AKT could reverse these phenomena. Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer/Mass Spectromete, Co-immunoprecipitation, and laser scanning confocal microscopy techniques showed that KRT80 could interact with protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic polypeptide (PRKDC). Suppressing PRKDC could inhibit the expression of AKT and EMT, as well as the migration and invasion of CRC cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated that KRT80 was an independent prognostic biomarker for CRC and promoted CRC migration and invasion by interacting with PRKDC via activation of the AKT pathway.
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