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Guo Y, Zhang L, Zhang N, Chen L, Luo Q, Liu M, Yang D, Chen J. Bcl-2 and Noxa are potential prognostic indicators for patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Endocrine 2022; 78:159-168. [PMID: 35895181 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bcl-2 family proteins are of great significance in the pathogenesis and development of tumors. In this study, the correlations between the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins and clinicopathological features and prognosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) were further investigated. METHODS 105 Patients diagnosed with gastroenteropancreatic NENs (GEP-NENs) with the paraffin specimen of the tumor available were retrospectively included. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins in paraffin-embedded samples. Student's t-test and Chi-square test were applied to compare the difference of quantitative and categorical variables, respectively. Survival analysis was conducted according to Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis were used to identify the independent prognostic factors. RESULTS The IHC score of Bcl-2 was significantly higher in neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) patients (65.6%), while a higher IHC score of Noxa was more common in neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients (49.3%). Survival analysis indicated that patients with higher Bcl-2 expression and lower Noxa expression had worse 5-year survival (39.3% vs. 75.6%, p < 0.001; 40.6% vs. 84.9%, p < 0.001). Multivariate cox analysis indicated that high Bcl-2 expression was an independent factor associated with inferior DFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.092; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.106-3.955; p = 0.023) and OS (HR: 2.784; 95% CI: 1.326-5.846; p = 0.007), while higher Noxa expression was associated with superior DFS (HR:0.398; 95% CI: 0.175-0.907; p = 0.028) and OS (HR: 0.274; 95% CI: 0.110-0.686; p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Higher expression of Bcl-2 and lower expression of Noxa were associated with unfavorable prognosis of GEP-NENs patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Luohai Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiuyun Luo
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dajun Yang
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Head & Neck tumors and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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The Function of N-Myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 2 (NDRG2) as a Negative Regulator in Tumor Cell Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169365. [PMID: 36012631 PMCID: PMC9408851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a tumor-suppressor gene that suppresses tumorigenesis and metastasis of tumors and increases sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we summarize information on the clinicopathological characteristics of tumor patients according to NDRG2 expression in various tumor tissues and provide information on the metastasis inhibition-related cell signaling modulation by NDRG2. Loss of NDRG2 expression is a prognostic factor that correlates with TNM grade and tumor metastasis and has an inverse relationship with patient survival in various tumor patients. NDRG2 inhibits cell signaling, such as AKT-, NF-κB-, STAT3-, and TGF-β-mediated signaling, to induce tumor metastasis, and induces activation of GSK-3β which has anti-tumor effects. Although NDRG2 operates as an adaptor protein to mediate the interaction between kinases and phosphatases, which is essential in regulating cell signaling related to tumor metastasis, the molecular mechanism of NDRG2 as an adapter protein does not seem to be fully elucidated. This review aims to assist the research design regarding NDRG2 function as an adaptor protein and suggests NDRG2 as a molecular target to inhibit tumor metastasis and improve the prognosis in tumor patients.
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Yu K, Mei Y, Wang Z, Liu B, Deng M. LncRNA LINC00924 upregulates NDRG2 to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition via sponging miR-6755-5p in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2702-2713. [PMID: 34997970 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a life-threatening cancer. Long noncoding RNAs participate in HBV-related HCC progression. Based on the bioinformatics analysis, LINC00924 downregulation is positively related to unfavorable outcomes in patients with HBV-related HCC. Herein, we detected the biological functions and regulatory system of LINC00924 in HCC. The LINC00924 downregulation in HBV-related HCC tissues and cells was revealed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Functionally, as Transwell assays and western blotting indicated, LINC00924 elevation inhibited HCC cell invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The binding site between LINC00924 and miR-6755-5p was determined by luciferase reporter assays. miR-6755-5p was confirmed to target NDRG2. miR-6755-5p upregulation decreased NDRG2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. The mRNA and protein levels of NDRG2 were downregulated in tissues and cells. NDRG2 knockdown attenuated the inhibition induced by LINC00924 overexpression on invasion and EMT of HCC cells. In summary, LINC00924 increases NDRG2 expression to inhibit EMT by targeting miR-6755-5p in HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunhua Mei
- Department of Infectious Disease, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Deng
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Wang J, Li T, Ma L, Liu G, Wang G, Kang J. NDRG2 inhibition facilitates angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Open Med (Wars) 2021; 16:742-748. [PMID: 34013046 PMCID: PMC8114951 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an angiogenesis-dependent tumor, and angiogenesis plays pivotal roles in progression and hematogenous metastasis. Upregulating NDRG2 expression could inhibit endothelial cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. However, the development of angiogenesis is a complicated and dynamic process, and the specific mechanisms that NDRG2 influences its progression are largely unknown. Conditioned media (CM) was collected from HCC cells. Cell viability, migration assay, tube formation, and western blot were used to evaluate the effect of NDRG2 on angiogenesis in HCC cells. ELISA assay was used to measure the level of VEGFA in CM. CM from NDRG2 knockdown cells significantly promoted HUVECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation compared with control cells. The level of VEGFA in CM was increased by NDRG2 knockdown relative to the control group. The expression of VEGFA, HIF-1α, and p-Akt was significantly increased in NDRG2 knockdown cells. CM from NDRG2 knockdown cells with VEGFA antibody failed to induce HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. YC-1 significantly inhibited the level of VEGFA in CM from NDRG2 knockdown cells. YC-1 also inhibited the expression of VEGFA and HIF-1α. Therefore, NDRG2 inhibition promoted the angiogenesis of HCC via VEGFA and may be used to be an anti-angiogenesis target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Wang
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Department of Biliary Duct, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei province, China
| | - Tao Li
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Department of Biliary Duct, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei province, China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Department of Biliary Duct, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei province, China
| | - Guochao Liu
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Department of Biliary Duct, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei province, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- General Surgical Department, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei province, China.,General Surgical Department, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei province, China
| | - Jiansheng Kang
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Department of Biliary Duct, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei province, China
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Li C, Wang P, Du J, Chen J, Liu W, Ye K. LncRNA RAD51-AS1/miR-29b/c-3p/NDRG2 crosstalk repressed proliferation, invasion and glycolysis of colorectal cancer. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:286-298. [PMID: 33314669 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
LncRNAs are recently increasingly emerging as molecules that take its part in human carcinogenesis. A large body of literature has identified the functional roles of lncRNAs in the pathophysiology of CRC. The current study was intended to provide new ideas and perspectives for the functional role of lncRNA RAD51-AS1 in regulating CRC progression. Herein, a survey of RAD51-AS1 expression profile in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) dataset revealed that RAD51-AS1 was downregulated in COAD specimens. Consistently, RAD51-AS1 expression was observed to be lower in CRC cell lines compared with normal cell line (NCM460). In the meanwhile, both the levels of miR-29b-3p and miR-29c-3p were prominently elevated in CRC cells. Functionally, administration of RAD51-AS1 refrained growth, invasion and migration of CRC cells. Additionally, accumulation of RAD51-AS1 hampered glucose consumption and lactate production, as well as the restraint of hexokinase 2 (HK2) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) levels. More important, RAD51-AS1 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for sponging miR-29b-3p and miR-29c-3p, leading to enhancement of their common target N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2). Mechanistically, the delivery of miR-29b/c-3p mimics or ablation of NDRG2 effectively blunted the salutary effects of RAD51-AS1 on CRC cell behaviors. Moreover, augmentation of RAD51-AS1 inhibited the tumorigenesis of CRC cells in vivo. Collectively, these findings provide comprehensive evidence that RAD51-AS1 repressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis process, ultimately contributing to the progression of CRC by repressing the miR-29b/c-3p/NDRG2 signaling axis, insinuating the putative potential of RAD51-AS1/miR-29b/c-3p/NDRG2 interaction network in unraveling CRC pathology and hopefully contributed to the treatment of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiping Li
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiabin Du
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Junxing Chen
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weinan Liu
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Kai Ye
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Zhu J, Lv Y, Hao J, Shi T, Wang S, Wang K, Fan X, Guo Y, Zhang J, Li J. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 promotes the protein stability of estrogen receptor beta via inhibition of ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A to suppress colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 11:1200-1213. [PMID: 33456993 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) both play key roles in cellular differentiation in colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous studies have demonstrated that ERβ co-locates with and directly transactivates NDRG2. However, the effect of NDRG2 on ERβ and its underlying mechanism remain largely unknown. Our aim of the study is to explore the effect of NDRG2 on ERβ and their contributions to progression of CRC. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was first utilized to validate the clinical significance of ERβ and NDRG2 in CRC. MTT and scratch migration assays were carried out to verify the role of ERβ and NDRG2 in CRC cells. Western blotting and polymerase chain reaction were performed to analyze the effect of NDRG2 on ERβ, and an immunoprecipitation assay was conducted to explore the protein-protein interaction. Results ERβ and NDRG2 were both found to be significantly down-regulated in tumor tissues from the TCGA-CRC database. NDRG2 was also observed to enhance the protein stability of ERβ while could not change messenger RNA (mRNA) level of ESR2 (encoding ERβ). A positive relationship was found to exist between the two proteins in CRC cells, with NDRG2 prolonging the half-life of ERβ and improving its nuclear translocation. Through detecting expression of ERβ downstream genes (such as TP53 and JNK) and performing related function experiment, we demonstrated that NDRG2 could promote transcriptional activation of ERβ target genes and enhance the function of tumor suppressors when the ERβ agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN). The immunoprecipitation assay showed that NDRG2 could affect the complex components of ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A (UBE3A, known as E6AP) and ERβ, reducing the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation of ERβ. Conclusions In the current study, we found that NDRG2 could bind with UBE3A to hinder the binding of UBE3A with ERβ. Moreover, a positive feedback loop was discovered between NDRG2 and ERβ, which provides a novel insight and therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongzhi Lv
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Hao
- Department of Experiment Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingyu Shi
- Department of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- Department of Experiment Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND As a member of the N-myc down-regulated gene family, N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) contributes to the tumorigenesis of various types of cancers. However, the correlation between NDRG2 expression and the prognosis of solid tumor remains to be elucidated because of small sample sizes and inconsistent results in previous studies. In the present study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the prognostic significance of NDRG2 in human solid tumors. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases (up to April 2020) were searched for relevant studies that evaluated the impact of NDRG2 on clinical outcomes, including overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS), in solid tumors. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to assess the association between NDRG2 expression and the survival of patients with solid tumors. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were pooled to estimate the correlation between NDRG2 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics in the patients. RESULTS A total of 13 eligible studies with 1980 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Low NDRG2 expression was significantly associated with poor OS (HR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.60-2.40, P < .001) and DFS (HR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.42-5.13, P = .002) in solid tumor. Furthermore, low NDRG2 expression was related to some phenotypes of tumor aggressiveness, such as clinical stage (OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.96-5.26, P < .001), lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.49-3.07, P < .001), and degree of differentiation (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45-0.81, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS NDRG2 may be a meaningful biomarker of poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target for human solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Gu
- Nursing Department, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated 5 to Nantong University
| | - Jie Xu
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated 5 to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Ye
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated 5 to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuanmeng Zhang
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated 5 to Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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