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Khan IR, Sadida HQ, Hashem S, Singh M, Macha MA, Al-Shabeeb Akil AS, Khurshid I, Bhat AA. Therapeutic implications of signaling pathways and tumor microenvironment interactions in esophageal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116873. [PMID: 38843587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is significantly influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME) and altered signaling pathways. Downregulating these pathways in EC is essential for suppressing tumor development, preventing metastasis, and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. This approach can increase tumor sensitivity to treatments, enhance patient outcomes, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation and spread. The TME, comprising cellular and non-cellular elements surrounding the tumor, significantly influences EC's development, course, and treatment responsiveness. Understanding the complex relationships within the TME is crucial for developing successful EC treatments. Immunotherapy is a vital TME treatment for EC. However, the heterogeneity within the TME limits the application of anticancer drugs outside clinical settings. Therefore, identifying reliable microenvironmental biomarkers that can detect therapeutic responses before initiating therapy is crucial. Combining approaches focusing on EC signaling pathways with TME can enhance treatment outcomes. This integrated strategy aims to interfere with essential signaling pathways promoting cancer spread while disrupting factors encouraging tumor development. Unraveling aberrant signaling pathways and TME components can lead to more focused and efficient treatment approaches, identifying specific cellular targets for treatments. Targeting the TME and signaling pathways may reduce metastasis risk by interfering with mechanisms facilitating cancer cell invasion and dissemination. In conclusion, this integrative strategy has significant potential for improving patient outcomes and advancing EC research and therapy. This review discusses the altered signaling pathways and TME in EC, focusing on potential future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inamu Rashid Khan
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir 191201, India
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab), Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir 192122, India
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Ibraq Khurshid
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir 191201, India.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar.
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Igbo BT, Jentsch C, Linge A, Plesca I, Kuzay Y, Löck S, Kumaravadivel MS, Doms S, Stolz-Kieslich L, Pollack D, Brückmann S, Tittlbach H, Weitz J, Aust D, Apolle R, Schmitz M, Troost EGC. Correlation of microscopic tumor extension with tumor microenvironment in esophageal cancer patients. Strahlenther Onkol 2024; 200:595-604. [PMID: 38727811 PMCID: PMC11186916 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-024-02234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the era of image-guided adaptive radiotherapy, definition of the clinical target volume (CTV) is a challenge in various solid tumors, including esophageal cancer (EC). Many tumor microenvironmental factors, e.g., tumor cell proliferation or cancer stem cells, are hypothesized to be involved in microscopic tumor extension (MTE). Therefore, this study assessed the expression of FAK, ILK, CD44, HIF-1α, and Ki67 in EC patients after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy followed by tumor resection (NRCHT+R) and correlated these markers with the MTE. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor resection specimens of ten EC patients were analyzed using multiplex immunofluorescence staining. Since gold fiducial markers had been endoscopically implanted at the proximal and distal tumor borders prior to NRCHT+R, correlation of the markers with the MTE was feasible. RESULTS In tumor resection specimens of EC patients, the overall percentages of FAK+, CD44+, HIF-1α+, and Ki67+ cells were higher in tumor nests than in the tumor stroma, with the outcome for Ki67+ cells reaching statistical significance (p < 0.001). Conversely, expression of ILK+ cells was higher in tumor stroma, albeit not statistically significantly. In three patients, MTE beyond the fiducial markers was found, reaching up to 31 mm. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the overall expression of FAK, HIF-1α, Ki67, and CD44 was higher in tumor nests, whereas that of ILK was higher in tumor stroma. Differences in the TME between patients with residual tumor cells in the original CTV compared to those without were not found. Thus, there is insufficient evidence that the TME influences the required CTV margin on an individual patient basis. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER AND DATE BO-EK-148042017 and BO-EK-177042022 on 20.06.2022, DRKS00011886, https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00011886 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Terfa Igbo
- Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christina Jentsch
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annett Linge
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Ioana Plesca
- Institute of immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yalçin Kuzay
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Löck
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Mani Sankari Kumaravadivel
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Doms
- Institute of immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Liane Stolz-Kieslich
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Pollack
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sascha Brückmann
- Institute for Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hannes Tittlbach
- Institute for Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (VTG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Aust
- Institute of immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rudi Apolle
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Institute of immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther G C Troost
- Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.
- Institute for Pathology and Tumor and Normal Tissue Bank of the University Cancer Center (UCC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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McDonald PC, Dedhar S. New Perspectives on the Role of Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) Signaling in Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133209. [PMID: 35804980 PMCID: PMC9264971 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Today, the vast majority of deaths from cancer are due to cancer metastasis. Metastasis requires that cancer cells escape from the initial tumor, travel through blood vessels, and form new tumors in distant host tissues. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is overexpressed by many types of cancer cells and provides both structural and signaling functions that are important for successful metastasis. Here, we discuss recent findings that show how ILK is involved in promoting physical changes important for cell motility and invasion, and how ILK relays signals to other machinery components during metastasis, including interactions with components of the immune system and communication between cancer cells and normal cells, to affect the process of metastasis. We also discuss the contribution of ILK to therapeutic resistance and examine efforts to target ILK for the treatment of metastatic disease. Abstract Cancer metastasis is a major barrier to the long-term survival of cancer patients. In cancer cells, integrin engagement downstream of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions results in the recruitment of cytoskeletal and signaling molecules to form multi-protein complexes to promote processes critical for metastasis. One of the major functional components of these complexes is Integrin Linked Kinase (ILK). Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the importance of ILK as a signaling effector in processes linked to tumor progression and metastasis. New mechanistic insights as to the role of ILK in cellular plasticity, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion, including the impact of ILK on the formation of invadopodia, filopodia-like protrusions (FLPs), and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET)-induced motility are highlighted. Recent findings detailing the contribution of ILK to therapeutic resistance and the importance of ILK as a potentially therapeutically tractable vulnerability in both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies are discussed. Indeed, pharmacologic inhibition of ILK activity using specific small molecule inhibitors is effective in curtailing the contribution of ILK to these processes, potentially offering a novel therapeutic avenue for inhibiting critical steps in the metastatic cascade leading to reduced drug resistance and increased therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. McDonald
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Liu W, Cui Y, Liu W, Liu Z, Xu L, Li E. Deep proteome profiling promotes whole proteome characterization and drug discovery for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Med 2022; 19. [PMID: 35289157 PMCID: PMC8958891 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Science, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin 150050, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yongping Cui
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Liyan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Enmin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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Dagamajalu S, Vijayakumar M, Shetty R, Rex DAB, Narayana Kotimoole C, Prasad TSK. Proteogenomic examination of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC): new lines of inquiry. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:649-662. [PMID: 33151123 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1845146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a histopathologic subtype of esophageal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. This is primarily because patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage by the time symptoms appear. The genomics and mass spectrometry-based proteomics continue to provide important leads toward biomarker discovery for ESCC. However, such leads are yet to be translated into clinical utilities. Areas covered: We gathered information pertaining to proteomics and proteogenomics efforts in ESCC from the literature search until 2020. An overview of omics approaches to discover the candidate biomarkers for ESCC were highlighted. We present a summary of recent investigations of alterations in the level of gene and protein expression observed in biological samples including body fluids, tissue/biopsy and in vitro-based models. Expert opinion: A large number of protein-based biomarkers and therapeutic targets are being used in cancer therapy. Several candidates are being developed as diagnostics and prognostics for the management of cancers. High-resolution proteomic and proteogenomic approaches offer an efficient way to identify additional candidate biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression, prediction of response to chemo and radiotherapy. Some of these biomarkers can also be developed as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Manavalan Vijayakumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Rohan Shetty
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
| | - D A B Rex
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Chinmaya Narayana Kotimoole
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University) , Mangalore, India
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Zheng Q, Wang J, Li W, Chen X, Chen S, Chen L. Emodin Reverses the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells by Inhibiting ILK/GSK-3β Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:3663-3672. [PMID: 32982173 PMCID: PMC7490435 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s262816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To explore the exact mechanism through which emodin down-regulates the migration and invasion abilities of endometrial stromal cells. Moreover, to explore the theoretical basis of emodin in the treatment of endometriosis. Patients and Methods Endometriosis endometrial stromal cells (EESs) were cultured from 15 women with endometriosis and control endometrial stromal cells (CESs) were cultured from 12 women without endometriosis. The levels of proteins were evaluated by Western blot. The migration and invasion abilities of cells were detected by transwell assays. Results The abilities of migration and invasion of EESs were much stronger than those of CESs. After treated with emodin, the migration and invasion abilities of EESs and CESs were significantly down-regulated, and the levels of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and p-GSK-3β were statistically down-regulated in EESs. Besides that, the expression of keratin was up-regulated while the expression of vimentin, β-catenin and slug were all down-regulated by emodin in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Silencing of ILK gene in EESs also achieved the above effects, which were strengthened by emodin. Conversely, exogenous expression of ILK in CESs increased the expression of p-GSK-3β, which were abrogated by emodin. Furthermore, SB216763 increased migration and invasion abilities of CESs by facilitating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through up-regulating levels of p-GSK-3β, β-catenin and slug, which were also abrogated by emodin. Conclusion Emodin inhibits the migration and invasion abilities of human endometrial stromal cells by reversing the EMT via ILK/GSK-3β pathway. So, emodin may be considered as a promising targeted therapy for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaomei Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaozhan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, People's Republic of China
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