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Liu D, Du J, Xie H, Tian H, Lu L, Zhang C, Xu GT, Zhang J. Wnt5a/β-catenin-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition: a key driver of subretinal fibrosis in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:75. [PMID: 38532410 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), accounts for up to 90% of AMD-associated vision loss, ultimately resulting in the formation of fibrotic scar in the macular region. The pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis in nAMD involves the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurring in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Here, we aim to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in the Wnt signaling during the EMT of RPE cells and in the pathological process of subretinal fibrosis secondary to nAMD. METHODS In vivo, the induction of subretinal fibrosis was performed in male C57BL/6J mice through laser photocoagulation. Either FH535 (a β-catenin inhibitor) or Box5 (a Wnt5a inhibitor) was intravitreally administered on the same day or 14 days following laser induction. The RPE-Bruch's membrane-choriocapillaris complex (RBCC) tissues were collected and subjected to Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence to examine fibrovascular and Wnt-related markers. In vitro, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1)-treated ARPE-19 cells were co-incubated with or without FH535, Foxy-5 (a Wnt5a-mimicking peptide), Box5, or Wnt5a shRNA, respectively. The changes in EMT- and Wnt-related signaling molecules, as well as cell functions were assessed using qRT-PCR, nuclear-cytoplasmic fractionation assay, Western blot, immunofluorescence, scratch assay or transwell migration assay. The cell viability of ARPE-19 cells was determined using Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8. RESULTS The in vivo analysis demonstrated Wnt5a/ROR1, but not Wnt3a, was upregulated in the RBCCs of the laser-induced CNV mice compared to the normal control group. Intravitreal injection of FH535 effectively reduced Wnt5a protein expression. Both FH535 and Box5 effectively attenuated subretinal fibrosis and EMT, as well as the activation of β-catenin in laser-induced CNV mice, as evidenced by the significant reduction in areas positive for fibronectin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, and active β-catenin labeling. In vitro, Wnt5a/ROR1, active β-catenin, and some other Wnt signaling molecules were upregulated in the TGFβ1-induced EMT cell model using ARPE-19 cells. Co-treatment with FH535, Box5, or Wnt5a shRNA markedly suppressed the activation of Wnt5a, nuclear translocation of active β-catenin, as well as the EMT in TGFβ1-treated ARPE-19 cells. Conversely, treatment with Foxy-5 independently resulted in the activation of abovementioned molecules and subsequent induction of EMT in ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a reciprocal activation between Wnt5a and β-catenin to mediate EMT as a pivotal driver of subretinal fibrosis in nAMD. This positive feedback loop provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies to treat subretinal fibrosis in nAMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical and Visual Sciences of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxiao Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical and Visual Sciences of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixia Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical and Visual Sciences of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Research Institute, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical and Visual Sciences of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Research Institute, Shanghai, China.
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Lobo J, Tenace NP, Cañete-Portillo S, Carneiro I, Henrique R, Lucianò R, Harik LR, Magi-Galluzzi C. Aberrant expression of GATA3 in metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate: an important pitfall. Histopathology 2024; 84:507-514. [PMID: 37965687 DOI: 10.1111/his.15094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The distinction of high-grade prostate cancer (PCa) from poorly differentiated urothelial carcinoma (UC) can be somewhat challenging on clinical and morphological grounds alone, yet it is of great importance for prognostication and choice of treatment. GATA3 is a useful immunohistochemical marker to confirm urothelial origin. However, recent works report strong GATA3 immunoexpression in primary high-grade PCa. The aim of this study was to explore GATA3 expression specifically in metastatic PCa. METHODS AND RESULTS The pathology databases of four tertiary institutions were queried for cases of metastatic PCa. Available slides and clinical records were reviewed by experienced genitourinary pathologists. Prostatic markers (PSA, PSAP, NKX3.1) and GATA3 immunohistochemistry were performed. A total of 163 metastatic PCa cases were included. At least one prostate marker was positive in each case of non-regional distant metastasis, confirming prostatic origin. GATA3 strong staining was found in four (2.5%) cases: two liver, one bone and one non-regional lymph-node metastases. All four patients had Grade Group 5 PCa at the initial diagnosis. The metastatic prostatic adenocarcinomas were solid, either with no gland formation (n = 3) or with only focal cribriforming (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study exploring GATA3 expression specifically in metastatic PCa. Despite being infrequent, GATA3 positivity in high-grade PCa may lead to misdiagnosis, with clinical implications. We recommend a panel of immunohistochemical markers, both prostatic and urothelial, for ruling out UC, either in primary tumour samples or in the event of metastases of unknown primary, when a genitourinary origin is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lobo
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (P.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (P.CCC) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nazario P Tenace
- Department of Pathology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Sofia Cañete-Portillo
- Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Isa Carneiro
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (P.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (P.CCC) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (P.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (P.CCC) & RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Roberta Lucianò
- Department of Pathology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Lara R Harik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cristina Magi-Galluzzi
- Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Xu C, Xu H, Liu B. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma-specific prognostic signature and drug sensitive subtypes based on programmed cell death-related genes. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16364. [PMID: 38025757 PMCID: PMC10668860 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a complex group of malignancies, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. This study aims to establish a reliable clinical classification and gene signature for HNSC prognostic prediction and precision treatments. Methods A consensus clustering analysis was performed to group HNSC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database based on genes linked to programmed cell death (PCD). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between subtypes were identified using the "limma" R package. The TCGA prognostic signature and PCD-related prognostic genes were found using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis. The robustness of the LASSO analysis was validated using datasets GSE65858 and GSE41613. A cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) test, Western blot, and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to evaluate the expression and viability of prognostic genes. Results Four molecular subtypes were identified in PCD-related genes. Subtype C4 had the best prognosis and the highest immune score, while subtype C1 exhibited the most unfavorable outcomes. Three hundred shared DEGs were identified among the four subtypes, and four prognostic genes (CTLA4, CAMK2N1, PLAU and CALML5) were used to construct a TCGA-HNSC prognostic model. High-risk patients manifested poorer prognosis, more inflammatory pathway enrichment, and lower immune cell infiltration. High-risk patients were more prone to immune escape and were more likely to be resistant to Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil. Prognosis prediction was validated in external datasets. The expression of CTLA4, CAMK2N1, PLAU and CALML5 was enhanced in CAL-27 and SCC-25 cell lines, and CALML5 inhibited CAL-27 and SCC-25 cell viability. Conclusion This study shares novel insights into HNSC classification and provides a reliable PCD-related prognostic signature for prognosis prediction and treatment for patients with HNSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jinhua Wenrong Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Hongfang Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jinhua Wenrong Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Baimei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yongkang First People’s Hospital, Yongkang, China
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Zhu G, Wang W, Yao H, Li H, Zhang C, Meng Y, Wang J, Zhu M, Zheng H. Identification and validation of novel prognostic signatures based on m5C methylation patterns and tumor EMT profiles in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18763. [PMID: 37907576 PMCID: PMC10618291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45976-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) in tumor initiation and progression has been increasingly recognized. However, the precise association between the regulation of m5C and the progression, metastasis, and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not yet been fully explored. Data from 545 HNSCC patients obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed. Unsupervised cluster analysis was conducted using the expression levels of m5C regulatory genes. Additionally, gene set variation analysis (GSVA), single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), and Cox regression analysis were utilized. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), colony formation assay, transwell experiments and western blots were performed in the HNSCC cell line UM-SCC-17B to assess the expression and functional role of one of the novel signatures, CNFN. Significant expression differences were found in m5C regulatory genes between tumor and normal tissues in HNSCC. Two distinct m5C modification patterns, characterized by substantial prognostic differences, were identified. Cluster-2, which exhibited a strong association with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), was found to be associated with a poorer prognosis. Based on the m5C clusters and EMT status, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Using DEGs, an 8-gene signature (CAMK2N1, WNT7A, F2RL1, AREG, DEFB1, CNFN, TGFBI, and CAV1) was established to develop a prognostic model. The performance of this signature was validated in both the training and external validation datasets, demonstrating its promising efficacy. Furthermore, additional investigations using RT-qPCR on clinical specimens and experimental assays in cell lines provided compelling evidence suggesting that CNFN, one of the genes in the signature, could play a role in HNSCC progression and metastasis through the EMT pathway. This study highlighted the role of m5C in HNSCC progression and metastasis. The relationship between m5C and EMT has been elucidated for the first time. A robust prognostic model was developed for accurately predicting HNSCC patients' survival outcomes. Potential molecular mechanisms underlying these associations have been illuminated through this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haopu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yindi Meng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjie Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minhui Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongliang Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Damarasingu PV, Das S, Mh S, Bodapati S. Evaluation of CD44 Expression in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: An Institutional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e40510. [PMID: 37461792 PMCID: PMC10350293 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate adenocarcinoma is the second-most common cause of cancer. Globally, many cancer-related deaths among men were noted due to prostate adenocarcinoma. CD44 plays a key role in mediating cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interaction, which further helps to maintain the integrity of tissue and also inhibits tumor metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study was done on chips from transurethral resections of the prostate (TURP) and prostatic core biopsy specimens. All specimens with clinically diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed prostatic adenocarcinoma were included in the study. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), recurrent cases, and patients who had undergone radiotherapy/ chemotherapy prior to biopsy were excluded from the study. The sample size for the current study was 57 with an 8% prevalence value, 95% confidence interval, and 8% absolute error. Immunoreaction to CD44 antibody is membranous and was evaluated by calculating positively stained cell percentage and staining intensity. These two parameters were added to obtain a final score; a score of 0-3 was considered as negative, and a score of 4-6 was regarded as positive. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was only found between Gleason grade (p<0.001), clinical staging (p<0.002), nodal metastasis (p<0.015), and distant metastasis (p<0.020) with CD44 positive expression. The rest of the parameters like PSA (p=0.642) and age (p=0.051) did not correlate with CD44-positive expression. Out of 29 cases with positive CD44 expression, 100% positivity was seen in Gleason's grades 1, 2, and 3. This indicates that CD44 expression showed lesser positivity in poorly differentiated carcinoma. CD44 positivity was seen in 83.3% in the T2 stage. An inverse relationship between tumor staging and CD44 expression was observed with positive CD44 expression in lower tumor staging which implies loss of CD44 expression was associated with greater tumor aggressiveness. Lymph node metastasis cases showed more negative CD44 expression (59.5%) and the same was noted in patients without distant metastasis, that is in 61% of the subjects. Conclusion: Cells tend to lose the ability of CD44 expression as they progress from well-differentiated adenocarcinoma to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. CD44 expression suggests that the tumor is in a well-differentiated and gland-forming state as compared to Gleason's grade. Loss of CD44 expression suggests tumor aggressiveness. Thus, the upregulation of CD44 expression can be considered as a potential target for targeted therapy. As many targeted and gene therapies are in clinical trials, large-scale multicentered studies are needed for a better understanding of the clinical course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subhashish Das
- Pathology, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, IND
| | - Soumya Mh
- Pathology, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, IND
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Downregulation of CAMK2N1 due to DNA Hypermethylation Mediated by DNMT1 that Promotes the Progression of Prostate Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:4539045. [PMID: 36755811 PMCID: PMC9902116 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4539045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependentprotein kinase II inhibitor I (CAMK2N1) as one of the tumor suppressor genes is significantly downregulated in prostate cancer (PCa). Reduced expression of CAMK2N1 is positively correlated with PCa progression. However, the mechanisms of CAMK2N1 downregulation in PCa are still unclear. The promoter region of CAMK2N1 contains a large number of CG loci, providing the possibility for DNA methylation. Consequently, we hypothesized that DNA methylation can result in the reduced expression of CAMK2N1 in PCa. In the presented study, the DNA methylation level of CAMK2N1 in prostate cells and clinical specimens was determined by bisulfite sequencing (BS), pyrosequencing, and in silico analysis. Results showed that CAMK2N1 was highly methylated in PCa cells and tissues compared to normal prostate epithelial cells and nonmalignant prostate tissues, which was associated with the clinicopathological characteristics in PCa patients. Afterwards, we explored the expression of CAMK2N1 and its DNA methylation level by qRT-PCR, western blot, BS, and methylation-specific PCR in PCa cells after 5-Aza-CdR treatment or DNMT1 genetic modification, which demonstrated that the reduced expression of CAMK2N1 can be restored by 5-Aza-CdR treatment via demethylation. Moreover, DNMT1 formed a positive feedback loop with CAMK2N1 in PCa cells. The expression of CAMK2N1 was downregulated by DNMT1-mediated DNA methylation, which reversely induced DNMT1 expression through activating AKT or ERK signaling pathway. Finally, functional assays including wound healing, invasion, and migration assay, as well as the xenograft model in nude mice indicated that CAMK2N1 inhibited the invasion, migration, and proliferation of PCa cells and these effects were reversed by DNMT1 overexpression. In conclusion, DNMT1-mediated hypermethylation of CAMK2N1 not only downregulates the gene expression but also promotes the progression of PCa.
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Puzyrenko A, Kumar SN, Pantazis CG, Iczkowski KA. Inverse co-expression of EZH2 and acetylated H3K27 in prostatic tissue. Ann Diagn Pathol 2022; 59:151956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.151956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Felgueiras J, Lobo J, Camilo V, Carneiro I, Matos B, Henrique R, Jerónimo C, Fardilha M. PP1 catalytic isoforms are differentially expressed and regulated in human prostate cancer. Exp Cell Res 2022; 418:113282. [PMID: 35841980 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Ser/Thr-protein phosphatase PP1 (PP1) is a positive regulator of the androgen receptor (AR), which suggests major roles for PP1 in prostate carcinogenesis. However, studies dedicated to the characterization of PP1 in PCa are currently scarce. Here we analyzed the expression and localization of the PP1 catalytic (PP1c) isoforms in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded prostate tissue samples, as well as in PCa cell lines. We also analyzed well-characterized PCa cohorts to determine their transcript levels, identify genetic alterations, and assess promoter methylation of PP1c-coding genes. We found that PP-1A was upregulated and relocalized towards the nucleus in PCa and that PPP1CA was frequently amplified in PCa, particularly in advanced stages. PP-1B was downregulated in PCa but upregulated in a subset of tumors with AR amplification. PP-1G transcript levels were found to be associated with Gleason score. PP1c-coding genes were rarely mutated in PCa and were not prone to regulation by promoter methylation. Protein phosphorylation, on the other hand, might be an important regulatory mechanism of PP1c isoforms' activity. Altogether, our results suggest differential expression, localization, and regulation of PP1c isoforms in PCa and support the need for investigating isoform-specific roles in prostate carcinogenesis in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Felgueiras
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), Portugal
| | - João Lobo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), Portugal; Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vânia Camilo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), Portugal
| | - Isa Carneiro
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), Portugal; Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Matos
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), Portugal; Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), Portugal; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Hassn Mesrati M, Syafruddin SE, Mohtar MA, Syahir A. CD44: A Multifunctional Mediator of Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1850. [PMID: 34944493 PMCID: PMC8699317 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44, a non-kinase cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein, has been widely implicated as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in several cancers. Cells overexpressing CD44 possess several CSC traits, such as self-renewal and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) capability, as well as a resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. The CD44 gene regularly undergoes alternative splicing, resulting in the standard (CD44s) and variant (CD44v) isoforms. The interaction of such isoforms with ligands, particularly hyaluronic acid (HA), osteopontin (OPN) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), drive numerous cancer-associated signalling. However, there are contradictory results regarding whether high or low CD44 expression is associated with worsening clinicopathological features, such as a higher tumour histological grade, advanced tumour stage and poorer survival rates. Nonetheless, high CD44 expression significantly contributes to enhanced tumourigenic mechanisms, such as cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, migration and stemness; hence, CD44 is an important clinical target. This review summarises current research regarding the different CD44 isoform structures and their roles and functions in supporting tumourigenesis and discusses CD44 expression regulation, CD44-signalling pathways and interactions involved in cancer development. The clinical significance and prognostic value of CD44 and the potential of CD44 as a therapeutic target in cancer are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Hassn Mesrati
- Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Saiful Effendi Syafruddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.E.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - M. Aiman Mohtar
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.E.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Amir Syahir
- Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
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Buskin A, Singh P, Lorenz O, Robson C, Strand DW, Heer R. A Review of Prostate Organogenesis and a Role for iPSC-Derived Prostate Organoids to Study Prostate Development and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313097. [PMID: 34884905 PMCID: PMC8658468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate is vulnerable to two major age-associated diseases, cancer and benign enlargement, which account for significant morbidity and mortality for men across the globe. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer reported in men, with over 1.2 million new cases diagnosed and 350,000 deaths recorded annually worldwide. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), characterised by the continuous enlargement of the adult prostate, symptomatically afflicts around 50% of men worldwide. A better understanding of the biological processes underpinning these diseases is needed to generate new treatment approaches. Developmental studies of the prostate have shed some light on the processes essential for prostate organogenesis, with many of these up- or downregulated genes expressions also observed in prostate cancer and/or BPH progression. These insights into human disease have been inferred through comparative biological studies relying primarily on rodent models. However, directly observing mechanisms of human prostate development has been more challenging due to limitations in accessing human foetal material. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could provide a suitable alternative as they can mimic embryonic cells, and iPSC-derived prostate organoids present a significant opportunity to study early human prostate developmental processes. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of prostate development and its relevance to prostate-associated diseases. Additionally, we detail the potential of iPSC-derived prostate organoids for studying human prostate development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Buskin
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.S.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (R.H.)
| | - Parmveer Singh
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Oliver Lorenz
- Newcastle University School of Computing, Digital Institute, Urban Sciences Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5TG, UK;
| | - Craig Robson
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Douglas W. Strand
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Rakesh Heer
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (P.S.); (C.R.)
- Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (R.H.)
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11
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Li J, Wang Z, Tie C. High expression of ladinin-1 (LAD1) predicts adverse outcomes: a new candidate docetaxel resistance gene for prostatic cancer (PCa). Bioengineered 2021; 12:5749-5759. [PMID: 34516317 PMCID: PMC8806705 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1968647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel resistance is one of the major obstacles that undermine the treatment outcome of PCa. Exploring molecular mechanisms associated with docetaxel resistance could provide insights into the formulation of novel strategies enhancing the efficacy of PCa treatment. Ladinin-1 (LAD1) is an anchoring filament protein in basement membranes, which contributes to the association of the epithelial cells with the underlying mesenchyme. LAD1 has been implicated in the progression of different cancers. However, its role in PCa remains to be investigated. In the present study, we found that LAD1 was highly expressed in docetaxel-resistant PCa cells, while its expression was significantly suppressed in tumor samples after docetaxel treatment. Moreover, the expression level of LAD1 in PCa tissues was significantly higher than that of normal tissue, and high expression level of LAD1 was significantly associated with adverse outcomes of PCa patients. Finally, high expression of LAD1 in PCa tissue was also correlated with the expression level of genes involving in tumor cell proliferation and invasive behaviors. Collectively, our data suggest that LAD1 may serve as a potential prognostic factor in PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Chong Tie
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
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12
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Huangfu L, He Q, Han J, Shi J, Li X, Cheng X, Guo T, Du H, Zhang W, Gao X, Luan F, Xing X, Ji J. MicroRNA-135b/CAMK2D Axis Contribute to Malignant Progression of Gastric Cancer through EMT Process Remodeling. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1940-1952. [PMID: 34131397 PMCID: PMC8193265 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a continued need for investigating the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their targets on the progression of gastric cancer (GC), especially metastasis. Here, we performed an integrated study to identify dysregulated miRNAs critical for GC development and progression. miR-135b was determined as a promising biomarker for GC. The expression level of miR-135b was increased among GC cell lines, patient tumor tissues, serum samples, and correlation with aggravation of the GC patients. The in vitro functional assays demonstrated overexpression of miR-135b promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion in GC, while miR-135b inhibition led to the opposite results. CAMK2D was found to be the direct target of miR-135b, serving as a tumor suppressor in GC cells. Based on our and public datasets, we confirmed the attenuation of CAMK2D expression in GC tissues. And, the expression levels of miR-135b and CAMK2D were closely associated with prognosis of GC patients. Ectopic expression of miR-135b resulted in the down-regulation of CAMK2D. Additionally, CAMK2D was a prerequisite for miR-135b to promote GC cells proliferation and migration by regulating the EMT process, which was confirmed by the in vivo experiments. Importantly, in vivo injection of miR-135b antagomir significantly repressed the tumor growth and metastasis of xenograft models, which suggested that the miR-135b antagomir were promising for clinical applications. Taken together, these results indicate that miR-135b/CAMK2D axis drives GC progression by EMT process remodeling, suggesting that miR-135b may be utilized as a new therapeutic target and prognostic marker for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longtao Huangfu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Qifei He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jing Han
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jingyao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaojing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Hong Du
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Wanhong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China.,Center of Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Zhigong New Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiangyu Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Fengming Luan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaofang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
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13
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Kisel W, Conrad S, Borkowetz A, Furesi G, Füssel S, Sommer U, Rauner M, Thomas C, Baretton GB, Schaser KD, Hofbauer C, Hofbauer LC. High stroma-derived WNT5A is an indicator for low-risk prostate cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1186-1194. [PMID: 33639039 PMCID: PMC8016115 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major cause of cancer‐related death in men. Tumor‐derived protein derived from Wnt5A gene (WNT5A) plays an important role in primary and metastatic PCa. Surrounding stroma cells also produce WNT5A, which may modulate the biology of PCa. Here, we assessed the role of stroma‐derived WNT5A (stWNT5A) in primary PCa. A tissue microarray of samples obtained from 400 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and control samples from 41 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) was immunohistochemically assessed for expression of stWNT5A. The cores were scored for staining intensity: 0 (no staining), 1 (weak), 2 (moderate), or 3 (strong) and the stained stromal surface area: 0 (0%), 1 (1–25%), 2 (26–50%), 3 (51–75%), or 4 (76–100%). Gleason Score (GS) and TNM‐stage were assessed by stratifying the cohort into high‐risk (≥ pT3, pN1, GS ≥ 8) and non‐high‐risk patients. Ki67 and TUNEL assays were performed to assess proliferation and apoptosis. Expression of stWNT5A in BPH and tumor‐free control samples was 1.2‐fold higher compared to tumor samples (P < 0.001). Non‐high‐risk patients had a higher stWNT5A score than high‐risk patients (P < 0.05). stWNT5A expression was not correlated with overall and cancer‐specific survival. Proliferation (r2 = 0.038, P < 0.001) and apoptosis (r2 = 0.277, P < 0.001) negatively correlated with stWNT5A expression. In summary, we show that expression of stWNT5A is higher in benign tissue and non‐high‐risk PCa. Stroma‐derived Wnt signaling and tumor‐derived Wnt may differentially impact on tumor behavior. Future studies are warranted to dissect the Wnt profile in tumor vs. surrounding stroma tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadim Kisel
- University Center for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefanie Conrad
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III and University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Giulia Furesi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III and University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Füssel
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sommer
- Department of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III and University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Klaus-Dieter Schaser
- University Center for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III and University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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14
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Macedo-Silva C, Miranda-Gonçalves V, Lameirinhas A, Lencart J, Pereira A, Lobo J, Guimarães R, Martins AT, Henrique R, Bravo I, Jerónimo C. JmjC-KDMs KDM3A and KDM6B modulate radioresistance under hypoxic conditions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1068. [PMID: 33318475 PMCID: PMC7736883 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the most frequent esophageal cancer (EC) subtype, entails dismal prognosis. Hypoxia, a common feature of advanced ESCC, is involved in resistance to radiotherapy (RT). RT response in hypoxia might be modulated through epigenetic mechanisms, constituting novel targets to improve patient outcome. Post-translational methylation in histone can be partially modulated by histone lysine demethylases (KDMs), which specifically removes methyl groups in certain lysine residues. KDMs deregulation was associated with tumor aggressiveness and therapy failure. Thus, we sought to unveil the role of Jumonji C domain histone lysine demethylases (JmjC-KDMs) in ESCC radioresistance acquisition. The effectiveness of RT upon ESCC cells under hypoxic conditions was assessed by colony formation assay. KDM3A/KDM6B expression, and respective H3K9me2 and H3K27me3 target marks, were evaluated by RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Effect of JmjC-KDM inhibitor IOX1, as well as KDM3A knockdown, in in vitro functional cell behavior and RT response was assessed in ESCC under hypoxic conditions. In vivo effect of combined IOX1 and ionizing radiation treatment was evaluated in ESCC cells using CAM assay. KDM3A, KDM6B, HIF-1α, and CAIX immunoexpression was assessed in primary ESCC and normal esophagus. Herein, we found that hypoxia promoted ESCC radioresistance through increased KDM3A/KDM6B expression, enhancing cell survival and migration and decreasing DNA damage and apoptosis, in vitro. Exposure to IOX1 reverted these features, increasing ESCC radiosensitivity and decreasing ESCC microtumors size, in vivo. KDM3A was upregulated in ESCC tissues compared to the normal esophagus, associating and colocalizing with hypoxic markers (HIF-1α and CAIX). Therefore, KDM3A upregulation in ESCC cell lines and primary tumors associated with hypoxia, playing a critical role in EC aggressiveness and radioresistance. KDM3A targeting, concomitant with conventional RT, constitutes a promising strategy to improve ESCC patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Macedo-Silva
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Miranda-Gonçalves
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Lameirinhas
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Lencart
- Medical Physics, Radiobiology and Radiation Protection Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
- Departments of Medical Physics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Pereira
- Medical Physics, Radiobiology and Radiation Protection Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
- Departments of Medical Physics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Lobo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
- Departments of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar - University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Guimarães
- Departments of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Martins
- Departments of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
- Departments of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar - University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Bravo
- Medical Physics, Radiobiology and Radiation Protection Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar - University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal.
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15
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Zhou Q, Liu ZZ, Wu H, Kuang WL. LncRNA H19 Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Angiogenesis of Glioma by Regulating Wnt5a/β-Catenin Pathway via Targeting miR-342. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:1065-1077. [PMID: 33161527 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play an important role in the growth and angiogenesis of glioma. However, the potential mechanisms of lncRNA H19 in glioma remain unclear. In the present study, the effects of lncRNA H19 on glioma cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis were evaluated. The expression levels of H19, miR-342, and Wnt5a in glioma tissues and cells were detected by RT-qPCR or Western blotting. Dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed the interaction between H19, miR-342, and Wnt5a. Cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis were analyzed by colony formation, transwell, and tube formation assays, respectively. IHC was performed to test the angiogenesis-related factor CD31. H19 and Wnt5a expression were remarkably upregulated in glioma tissues and cells, whereas miR-342 expression was downregulated. Moreover, functional analysis confirmed that knockdown of H19 or overexpression of miR-342 suppressed glioma cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in vitro. Besides, H19 was found to directly target miR-342 to promote Wnt5a expression and activate β-catenin pathway in glioma cells. Moreover, suppression of miR-342 or overexpression of Wnt5a reversed the inhibitory effect of sh-H19 on glioma growth and metastasis. Additionally, we verified that H19 promoted glioma cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis via miR-342/Wnt5a/β-catenin axis in vivo. H19 regulates glioma cell growth and metastasis through miR-342 to mediate Wnt5a/β-catenin signaling pathway, which provides new therapeutic targets for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Zheng Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Qidong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hengyang, 421600, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Lu Kuang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Peng JM, Tseng RH, Shih TC, Hsieh SY. CAMK2N1 suppresses hepatoma growth through inhibiting E2F1-mediated cell-cycle signaling. Cancer Lett 2020; 497:66-76. [PMID: 33068700 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Human kinome/phosphatome screen identified CAMK2N1 genes suppressing the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CAMK2N1 downregulation was found in 47% HCCs and associated with poor prognosis. The downregulation was mainly attributed to its genome deletion (28.4%) and DNA hypermethylation of its promoter (12.5%). Silencing and ectopic expression of CAMK2N1 respectively enhanced and suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, and xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. Comparative proteomics revealed that CAMK2N1 silencing transcriptionally deregulated the genes regulated by E2F1 (89 out of the 114 E2F-signaling targets, P = 8.8E-240). The promoter assays revealed that CAMK2N1 suppressed E2F1-mediated transcriptional activities. CAMK2N1 silencing induced cyclins D/E expression, whereas its ectopic expression induced P27/KIP1 expression and suppressed the cell cycle. CAMK2N1 was translocated from the nuclei to the cytoplasm when cell proliferation reached the stationary phase, where its functions as an endogenous inhibitor of CAMK2. In conclusion, CAMK2NA is a novel 1p36 tumor suppressor gene that inhibits E2F1 transcriptional activities and induces P27/KIP1 expression. CAMK2N1-CAMK2 signaling forms a mechanism that restricts the cell cycle progression. Its deregulation could lead to tumorigenesis and might serve as promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jei-Ming Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Han Tseng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chieh Shih
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Yung Hsieh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
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17
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Wu J, Lv Y, Li Y, Jiang Y, Wang L, Zhang X, Sun M, Zou Y, Xu J, Zhang L. MCM3AP-AS1/miR-876-5p/WNT5A axis regulates the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:307. [PMID: 32684844 PMCID: PMC7359251 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the fact that long non-coding RNA MCM3AP antisense RNA 1 (MCM3AP-AS1) is oncogenic in several cancers is well documented, very few researchers investigate its expression and function in prostate cancer. METHODS Paired prostate cancer samples were selected, and expressions of MCM3AP-AS1, miR-876-5p and WNT5A were examined by qRT-PCR. MCM3AP-AS1 shRNA was transfected into LNCaP and PC-3 cell lines, and then the proliferative activity and apoptosis of cancer cells were detected by CCK-8 assay, EdU assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to analyze the changes of miR-876-5p and WNT5A. Luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to determine the regulatory relationship between miR-876-5p and MCM3AP-AS1, miR-876-5p and WNT5A. RESULTS MCM3AP-AS1 was significantly up-regulated in cancerous tissues of prostate cancer samples, positively correlated with the expression of WNT5A, while negatively related with miR-876-5p. After transfection of MCM3AP-AS1 shRNA into prostate cancer cells, the proliferative ability of cancer cells was signally inhibited, but the apoptosis of cancer cells was increased. MCM3AP-AS1 shRNA could reduce the expression of WNT5A on both mRNA and protein levels. Besides, MCM3AP-AS1 was identified as a sponge of miR-876-5p. WNT5A was validated as a target gene of miR- 876-5p. CONCLUSION MCM3AP-AS1 is abnormally up-regulated in prostate cancer tissues and can modulate the proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells, which has the potential to be the "ceRNA" to regulate the expression of WNT5A by targeting miR-876-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road, South District, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
| | - Yalin Lv
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Yujun Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road, South District, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
| | - Yanxia Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road, South District, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road, South District, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
| | - Xiangyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road, South District, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
| | - Mengqi Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road, South District, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
| | - Yuwei Zou
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road, South District, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road, South District, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road, South District, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong China
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