1
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Peng Y, Zhang P, Mei W, Zeng C. Exploring FGFR signaling inhibition as a promising approach in breast cancer treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131524. [PMID: 38608977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
As our grasp of cancer genomics deepens, we are steadily progressing towards the domain of precision medicine, where targeted therapy stands out as a revolutionary breakthrough in the landscape of cancer therapeutics. The fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) pathway has been unveiled as a fundamental instigator in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying breast carcinoma, paving the way for the exhilarating development of precision-targeted therapeutics. In the pursuit of exploring inhibitors that specifically target the FGFR signaling pathways, a multitude of kinase inhibitors targeting FGFR has been assiduously engineered to address the heterogeneous landscape of human malignancies. This review offers an exhaustive exploration of aberrations within the FGFR pathway and their functional implications in breast cancer. Additionally, we delve into cutting-edge therapeutic approaches for the treatment of breast cancer patients bearing FGFR alterations and the management of toxicity associated with FGFR inhibitors. Furthermore, our contemplation of the evolution of cutting-edge FGFR inhibitors foresees their potential to spearhead innovative therapeutic approaches in the ongoing combat against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Wuxuan Mei
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, China; Department of General Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, China.
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2
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Chi F, Griffiths JI, Nath A, Bild AH. Paradoxical cancer cell proliferation after FGFR inhibition through decreased p21 signaling in FGFR1-amplified breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:54. [PMID: 38553760 PMCID: PMC10979625 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) control various cellular functions through fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) activation, including proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival. FGFR amplification in ER + breast cancer patients correlate with poor prognosis, and FGFR inhibitors are currently being tested in clinical trials. By comparing three-dimensional spheroid growth of ER + breast cancer cells with and without FGFR1 amplification, our research discovered that FGF2 treatment can paradoxically decrease proliferation in cells with FGFR1 amplification or overexpression. In contrast, FGF2 treatment in cells without FGFR1 amplification promotes classical FGFR proliferative signaling through the MAPK cascade. The growth inhibitory effect of FGF2 in FGFR1 amplified cells aligned with an increase in p21, a cell cycle inhibitor that hinders the G1 to S phase transition in the cell cycle. Additionally, FGF2 addition in FGFR1 amplified cells activated JAK-STAT signaling and promoted a stem cell-like state. FGF2-induced paradoxical effects were reversed by inhibiting p21 or the JAK-STAT pathway and with pan-FGFR inhibitors. Analysis of patient ER + breast tumor transcriptomes from the TCGA and METABRIC datasets demonstrated a strong positive association between expression of FGF2 and stemness signatures, which was further enhanced in tumors with high FGFR1 expression. Overall, our findings reveal a divergence in FGFR signaling, transitioning from a proliferative to stemness state driven by activation of JAK-STAT signaling and modulation of p21 levels. Activation of these divergent signaling pathways in FGFR amplified cancer cells and paradoxical growth effects highlight a challenge in the use of FGFR inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 1218 S Fifth Ave, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA
| | - Jason I Griffiths
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 1218 S Fifth Ave, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA
| | - Aritro Nath
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 1218 S Fifth Ave, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA
| | - Andrea H Bild
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 1218 S Fifth Ave, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA.
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3
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Cheke RS, Kharkar PS. Covalent inhibitors: An ambitious approach for the discovery of newer oncotherapeutics. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22132. [PMID: 38054744 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Covalent inhibitors have been used to treat several diseases for over a century. However, strategic approaches for the rational design of covalent drugs have taken a definitive shape in recent times. Since the first appearance of covalent inhibitors in the late 18th century, the field has grown tremendously and around 30% of marketed drugs are covalent inhibitors especially, for oncology indications. However, the off-target toxicity and safety concerns can be significant issues related to the covalent drugs. Covalent kinase inhibitor (CKI) targeted oncotherapeutics has advanced dramatically over the last two decades since the discovery of afatinib (Gilotrif®), an EGFR inhibitor. Since then, US FDA has approved 10 CKIs for diverse cancer targets. The present review broadly summarizes the ongoing development in the discovery of newer CKIs from 2016 till the end of 2022. We believe that these efforts will assist the modern medicinal chemist actively working in the field of CKI discovery for varied indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwar S Cheke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Prashant S Kharkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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4
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Shan KS, Dalal S, Thaw Dar NN, McLish O, Salzberg M, Pico BA. Molecular Targeting of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Pathway across Various Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:849. [PMID: 38255923 PMCID: PMC10815772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases that are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, and development. FGFR alterations including amplifications, fusions, rearrangements, and mutations can result in the downstream activation of tyrosine kinases, leading to tumor development. Targeting these FGFR alterations has shown to be effective in treating cholangiocarcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms, and there are currently four FGFR inhibitors approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). There have been developments in multiple agents targeting the FGFR pathway, including selective FGFR inhibitors, ligand traps, monoclonal antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates. However, most of these agents have variable and low responses, with some intolerable toxicities and acquired resistances. This review will summarize previous clinical experiences and current developments in agents targeting the FGFR pathway, and will also discuss future directions for FGFR-targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khine S. Shan
- Memorial Health Care, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA; (S.D.); (N.N.T.D.); (O.M.); (M.S.)
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5
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Javle M, King G, Spencer K, Borad MJ. Futibatinib, an Irreversible FGFR1-4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of FGFR-Aberrant Tumors. Oncologist 2023; 28:928-943. [PMID: 37390492 PMCID: PMC10628593 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) are emerging as an important therapeutic target for patients with advanced, refractory cancers. Most selective FGFR inhibitors under investigation show reversible binding, and their activity is limited by acquired drug resistance. This review summarizes the preclinical and clinical development of futibatinib, an irreversible FGFR1-4 inhibitor. Futibatinib stands out among FGFR inhibitors because of its covalent binding mechanism and low susceptibility to acquired resistance. Preclinical data indicated robust activity of futibatinib against acquired resistance mutations in the FGFR kinase domain. In early-phase studies, futibatinib showed activity in cholangiocarcinoma, and gastric, urothelial, breast, central nervous system, and head and neck cancers harboring various FGFR aberrations. Exploratory analyses indicated clinical benefit with futibatinib after prior FGFR inhibitor use. In a pivotal phase II trial, futibatinib demonstrated durable objective responses (42% objective response rate) and tolerability in previously treated patients with advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma harboring FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements. A manageable safety profile was observed across studies, and patient quality of life was maintained with futibatinib treatment in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Hyperphosphatemia, the most common adverse event with futibatinib, was well managed and did not lead to treatment discontinuation. These data show clinically meaningful benefit with futibatinib in FGFR2-rearrangement-positive cholangiocarcinoma and provide support for further investigation of futibatinib across other indications. Future directions for this agent include elucidating mechanisms of resistance and exploration of combination therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gentry King
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristen Spencer
- Perlmutter Cancer Center of NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY,USA
| | - Mitesh J Borad
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ,USA
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Furugaki K, Fujimura T, Mizuta H, Yoshimoto T, Asakawa T, Yoshimura Y, Yoshiura S. FGFR blockade inhibits targeted therapy-tolerant persister in basal FGFR1- and FGF2-high cancers with driver oncogenes. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:107. [PMID: 37880373 PMCID: PMC10600219 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell resistance arises when tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-targeted therapies induce a drug-tolerant persister (DTP) state with growth via genetic aberrations, making DTP cells potential therapeutic targets. We screened an anti-cancer compound library and identified fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) promoting alectinib-induced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion-positive DTP cell's survival. FGFR1 signaling promoted DTP cell survival generated from basal FGFR1- and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)-high protein expressing cells, following alectinib treatment, which is blocked by FGFR inhibition. The hazard ratio for progression-free survival of ALK-TKIs increased in patients with ALK fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer with FGFR1- and FGF2-high mRNA expression at baseline. The combination of FGFR and targeted TKIs enhanced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in basal FGFR1- and FGF2-high protein expressing cells with ALK-rearranged and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated NSCLC, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-amplified breast cancer, or v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF)-mutated melanoma by preventing compensatory extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) reactivation. These results suggest that a targeted TKI-induced DTP state results from an oncogenic switch from activated oncogenic driver signaling to the FGFR1 pathway in basal FGFR1- and FGF2-high expressing cancers and initial dual blockade of FGFR and driver oncogenes based on FGFR1 and FGF2 expression levels at baseline is a potent treatment strategy to prevent acquired drug resistance to targeted TKIs through DTP cells regardless of types of driver oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh Furugaki
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 216 Totsuka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Kanagawa, 244-8602, Japan
| | - Takaaki Fujimura
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 216 Totsuka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Kanagawa, 244-8602, Japan
| | - Hayato Mizuta
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 216 Totsuka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Kanagawa, 244-8602, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshimoto
- Biometrics Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Nihonbashi-muromachi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Takashi Asakawa
- Biometrics Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Nihonbashi-muromachi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8324, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yoshimura
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 216 Totsuka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Kanagawa, 244-8602, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yoshiura
- Product Research Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 216 Totsuka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Kanagawa, 244-8602, Japan.
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Storandt MH, Kurniali PC, Mahipal A, Jin Z. Targeted Therapies in Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2066. [PMID: 37895447 PMCID: PMC10608206 DOI: 10.3390/life13102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary tumor resection and liver transplantation are the only curative treatment options for the management of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, for patients with advanced or metastatic disease, palliative systemic therapy remains the only treatment option. The development of targeted therapeutics has begun to shift the treatment paradigm in CCA. Targets of interest in CCA include mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (mIDH-1), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression/amplification, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusion, in addition to less frequently observed targets such as BRAF V600E, deficient mismatch repair/high microsatellite instability (dMMR/MSI-H), and high tumor mutation burden (TMB-H). These targets are observed in varying frequency among patients with intrahepatic CCA and extrahepatic CCA. Multiple novel therapies have been developed to exploit each of these targets, with some having received United States Food and Drug Administration approval for use in the second-line setting. In the current review, we discuss targets of interest in CCA and summarize current evidence evaluating available therapies directed at these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter C. Kurniali
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Sanford Cancer Center, Bismarck, ND 58501, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Amit Mahipal
- Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Zhaohui Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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8
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Veth TS, Francavilla C, Heck AJR, Altelaar M. Elucidating Fibroblast Growth Factor-Induced Kinome Dynamics Using Targeted Mass Spectrometry and Dynamic Modeling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100594. [PMID: 37328066 PMCID: PMC10368922 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are paracrine or endocrine signaling proteins that, activated by their ligands, elicit a wide range of health and disease-related processes, such as cell proliferation and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The detailed molecular pathway dynamics that coordinate these responses have remained to be determined. To elucidate these, we stimulated MCF-7 breast cancer cells with either FGF2, FGF3, FGF4, FGF10, or FGF19. Following activation of the receptor, we quantified the kinase activity dynamics of 44 kinases using a targeted mass spectrometry assay. Our system-wide kinase activity data, supplemented with (phospho)proteomics data, reveal ligand-dependent distinct pathway dynamics, elucidate the involvement of not earlier reported kinases such as MARK, and revise some of the pathway effects on biological outcomes. In addition, logic-based dynamic modeling of the kinome dynamics further verifies the biological goodness-of-fit of the predicted models and reveals BRAF-driven activation upon FGF2 treatment and ARAF-driven activation upon FGF4 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim S Veth
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, and Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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9
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Ou H, Qian Y, Ma L. MCF2L-AS1 promotes the biological behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating the miR-33a-5p/FGF2 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6100-6116. [PMID: 37432067 PMCID: PMC10373981 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA MCF2L-AS1 functions in the development of cancers like lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and colorectal cancer. Notwithstanding, its function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stays obscure. Our research probes its role in MHCC97H and HCCLM3 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. qRT-PCR gauged MCF2L-AS1 and miR-33a-5p expressions in HCC tissues. CCK8, colony formation, Transwell, and EdU assays detected HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, respectively. The xenograft tumor model was built to confirm the MCF2L-AS1-mediated role in HCC cell growth. Western blot and immunohistochemistry detected FGF2 expression in HCC tissues. Bioinformatics analysis predicted the targeted relationships between MCF2L-AS1 or FGF2 and miR-33a-5p, which were further examined through dual-luciferase reporter gene and pull-down assays. MCF2L-AS1 was expressed highly in HCC tissues and cells. MCF2L-AS1 upregulation enhanced HCC cells' proliferation, growth, migration, and invasion and reduced apoptosis. miR-33a-5p was demonstrated as an underlying target of MCF2L-AS1. miR-33a-5p impeded HCC cells' malignant behaviors. MCF2L-AS1 overexpression reversed miR-33a-5p-mediated effects. MCF2L-AS1 knockdown enhanced miR-33a-5p and negatively regulated FGF2 protein. miR-33a-5p targeted and inhibited FGF2. miR-33a-5p overexpression or FGF2 knockdown inhibited MCF2L-AS1-mediated oncologic effects in MHCC97H. By modulating miR-33a-5p/FGF2, MCF2L-AS1 exerts a tumor-promotive function in HCC. The MCF2L-AS1-miR-33a-5p-FGF2 axis may provide new therapeutic targets for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Ou
- Department of Liver Diseases, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, University of Chinse Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yunsong Qian
- Department of Liver Diseases, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, University of Chinse Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Liver Diseases, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, University of Chinse Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Shi B, Chang J, Sun X, Ma X, Zhao P, Zhou C, Wang Y, Yang Y. A meta-analysis: the clinical value of PD-1 inhibitor or protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of advanced osteosarcoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1148735. [PMID: 37377920 PMCID: PMC10291171 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1148735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds PD-1 inhibitors and TKIs have been used to treat advanced osteosarcoma, but there is still a lack of intuitive data for the comparison of their efficacy. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate their therapeutic benefits. Methods A systematic methodological search of five primary electronic databases was performed. Studies with a randomized design of any type about PD-1 inhibitors or TKIs for the treatment of advanced osteosarcoma were included. The primary outcomes mainly included CBR, PFS, OS and ORR, The CR, PR, SD and AEs were the secondary outcomes. The survival period (months) of patients was taken as the main analysis data. Random-effects models were used for meta-analysis. Results Eight immunocheckpoint inhibitors in 327 patients from 10 clinical trials were finally evaluated. For OS, TKIs [11.67 months (95% CI, 9.32-14.01)] show more obvious advantages than PD-1 inhibitors [6.37 months (95% CI, 3.96-8.78)]. For PFS, TKIs [4.79 months (95% CI, 3.33-6.24)] are longer than PD-1 inhibitors [1.46 months (95% CI, 1.23-1.69)]. Although there was no fatal event, attention should still be paid, especially during the combined application of PD-1 inhibitors with TKIs since their obvious AEs. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that patients with advanced osteosarcoma, TKIs may be more beneficial than PD-1 inhibitors. TKIs combined with PD-1 inhibitors has a bright future in the treatment of advanced osteosarcoma, but we should always pay attention to the strong side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhao Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Chang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyuan Sun
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Chujie Zhou
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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11
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El Hejjioui B, Lamrabet S, Amrani Joutei S, Senhaji N, Bouhafa T, Malhouf MA, Bennis S, Bouguenouch L. New Biomarkers and Treatment Advances in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111949. [PMID: 37296801 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a specific subtype of breast cancer lacking hormone receptor expression and HER2 gene amplification. TNBC represents a heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer, characterized by poor prognosis, high invasiveness, high metastatic potential, and a tendency to relapse. In this review, the specific molecular subtypes and pathological aspects of triple-negative breast cancer are illustrated, with particular attention to the biomarker characteristics of TNBC, namely: regulators of cell proliferation and migration and angiogenesis, apoptosis-regulating proteins, regulators of DNA damage response, immune checkpoints, and epigenetic modifications. This paper also focuses on omics approaches to exploring TNBC, such as genomics to identify cancer-specific mutations, epigenomics to identify altered epigenetic landscapes in cancer cells, and transcriptomics to explore differential mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, updated neoadjuvant treatments for TNBC are also mentioned, underlining the role of immunotherapy and novel and targeted agents in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim El Hejjioui
- Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, HASSAN II University Hospital, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Salma Lamrabet
- Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Sarah Amrani Joutei
- Department of Radiotherapy, HASSAN II University Hospital, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Nadia Senhaji
- Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknès 50000, Morocco
| | - Touria Bouhafa
- Department of Radiotherapy, HASSAN II University Hospital, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | | | - Sanae Bennis
- Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Laila Bouguenouch
- Department of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, HASSAN II University Hospital, Fez 30050, Morocco
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12
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Mahapatra S, Jonniya NA, Koirala S, Ursal KD, Kar P. The FGF/FGFR signalling mediated anti-cancer drug resistance and therapeutic intervention. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13509-13533. [PMID: 36995019 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2191721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) ligands and their receptors are crucial factors driving chemoresistance in several malignancies, challenging the efficacy of currently available anti-cancer drugs. The Fibroblast growth factor/receptor (FGF/FGFR) signalling malfunctions in tumor cells, resulting in a range of molecular pathways that may impact its drug effectiveness. Deregulation of cell signalling is critical since it can enhance tumor growth and metastasis. Overexpression and mutation of FGF/FGFR induce regulatory changes in the signalling pathways. Chromosomal translocation facilitating FGFR fusion production aggravates drug resistance. Apoptosis is inhibited by FGFR-activated signalling pathways, reducing multiple anti-cancer medications' destructive impacts. Angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are facilitated by FGFRs-dependent signalling, which correlates with drug resistance and enhances metastasis. Further, lysosome-mediated drug sequestration is another prominent method of resistance. Inhibition of FGF/FGFR by following a plethora of therapeutic approaches such as covalent and multitarget inhibitors, ligand traps, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant FGFs, combination therapy, and targeting lysosomes and micro RNAs would be helpful. As a result, FGF/FGFR suppression treatment options are evolving nowadays. To increase positive impacts, the processes underpinning the FGF/FGFR axis' role in developing drug resistance need to be clarified, emphasizing the need for more studies to develop novel therapeutic options to address this significant problem. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasmita Mahapatra
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nisha Amarnath Jonniya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Suman Koirala
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kapil Dattatray Ursal
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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13
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Ma F, Zhu X, Niu Y, Nai A, Bashir S, Xiong Y, Dong Y, Li Y, Song J, Xu M. FGFR inhibitors combined with nab-paclitaxel - A promising strategy to treat non-small cell lung cancer and overcome resistance. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1088444. [PMID: 36845692 PMCID: PMC9950728 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1088444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, and NSCLC accounts for 85% of all lung cancer cases. Despite the development of targeted therapies and immunotherapy, many NSCLC patients do not effectively respond to treatment, and new treatment strategies are urgently needed. Aberrant activation of the FGFR signaling pathway is closely related to the initiation and progression of tumors. AZD4547, which is a selective inhibitor of FGFR 1-3, can suppress the growth of tumor cells with deregulated FGFR expression in vivo and in vitro. However, further exploration is needed to determine whether AZD4547 can play an antiproliferative role in tumor cells without deregulated FGFR expression. We investigated the antiproliferative effect of AZD4547 on NSCLC cells without deregulated FGFR expression. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that AZD4547 exerted a weak antiproliferative effect on NSCLC cells without deregulated FGFR expression, but it significantly enhanced the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to nab-paclitaxel. We found that AZD4547 combined with nab-paclitaxel suppressed the phosphorylation of the MAPK signaling pathway, led to cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, promoted apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation more substantially than nab-paclitaxel alone. These findings provide insight into the rational use of FGFR inhibitors and personalized treatment of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Xinhai Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchun Niu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Aitao Nai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanhua University, Hengyang, China
| | - Shoaib Bashir
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Meng Xu, ; Jian Song, ; Yin Li,
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Torch Development Zone People’s Hospital, Zhongshan, China,*Correspondence: Meng Xu, ; Jian Song, ; Yin Li,
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Meng Xu, ; Jian Song, ; Yin Li,
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14
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Kido K, Nojima S, Motooka D, Nomura Y, Kohara M, Sato K, Ohshima K, Tahara S, Kurashige M, Umeda D, Takashima T, Kiyokawa H, Ukon K, Matsui T, Okuzaki D, Morii E. Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma cells with low SMARCA4 expression and high SMARCA2 expression contribute to platinum resistance. J Pathol 2023; 260:56-70. [PMID: 36763038 DOI: 10.1002/path.6064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Platinum resistance is a major obstacle to the treatment of ovarian cancer and is correlated with poor clinical outcomes. Intratumor heterogeneity plays a key role in chemoresistance. Recent studies have emphasized the contributions of genetic and epigenetic factors to the development of intratumor heterogeneity. Although the clinical significance of multi-subunit chromatin remodeler, switch/sucrose nonfermenting (SWI/SNF) complexes in cancers has been reported, the impacts of SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4/subfamily A, member 2 (SMARCA4/A2) expression patterns in human cancer tissues have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that low expression of SMARCA4 and high expression of SMARCA2 are associated with platinum resistance in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) cells. We used fluorescence multiplex immunohistochemistry (fmIHC) to study resected specimens; we examined heterogeneity in human HGSC tissues at the single-cell level, which revealed that the proportion of cells with the SMARCA4low /SMARCA2high phenotype was positively correlated with clinical platinum-resistant recurrence. We used stable transfection of SMARCA2 and siRNA knockdown of SMARCA4 to generate HGSC cells with the SMARCA4low /SMARCA2high phenotype; these cells had the greatest resistance to carboplatin. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the underlying mechanism involved in substantial alterations to chromatin accessibility and resultant fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling activation, MAPK pathway activation, BCL2 overexpression, and reduced carboplatin-induced apoptosis; these were confirmed by in vitro functional experiments. Furthermore, in vivo experiments in an animal model demonstrated that combination therapy with carboplatin and a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor promoted cell death in HGSC xenografts. Taken together, these observations reveal a specific subpopulation of HGSC cells that is associated with clinical chemoresistance, which may lead to the establishment of a histopathological prediction system for carboplatin response. Our findings may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for platinum-resistant HGSC cells. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kansuke Kido
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Laboratory of Human Immunology (Single Cell Genomics), WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nomura
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kohara
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Tahara
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Kurashige
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeda
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takashima
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kiyokawa
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koto Ukon
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsui
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Laboratory of Human Immunology (Single Cell Genomics), WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Chen Y, Han J, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Zhao M, Zhang J, Wang J. 18F-labeled FGFR1 peptide: a new PET probe for subtype FGFR1 receptor imaging. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1047080. [PMID: 37182162 PMCID: PMC10174317 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1047080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family is highly expressed in a variety of tumor types and represents a new target for cancer therapy. Different FGFR subtype aberrations have been found to exhibit highly variable sensitivity and efficacy to FGFR inhibitors. Methods The present study is the first to suggest an imaging method for assessing FGFR1 expression. The FGFR1-targeting peptide NOTA-PEG2-KAEWKSLGEEAWHSK was synthesized by manual solid-phase peptide synthesis and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification and then labeled with fluorine-18 using NOTA as a chelator. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the stability, affinity and specificity of the probe. Tumor targeting efficacy and biodistribution were evaluated by micro-PET/CT imaging in RT-112, A549, SNU-16 and Calu-3 xenografts. Results The radiochemical purity of [18F]F-FGFR1 was 98.66% ± 0.30% (n = 3) with excellent stability. The cellular uptake rate of [18F]F-FGFR1 in the RT-112 cell line (FGFR1 overexpression) was higher than that in the other cell lines and could be blocked by the presence of excess unlabeled FGFR1 peptide. Micro-PET/CT imaging revealed a significant concentration of [18F]F-FGFR1 in RT-112 xenografts with no or very low uptake in nontargeted organs and tissues, which demonstrated that [18F]F-FGFR1 was selectively taken up by FGFR1-positive tumors. Conclusion [18F]F-FGFR1 showed high stability, affinity, specificity and good imaging capacity for FGFR1-overexpressing tumors in vivo, which provides new application potential in the visualization of FGFR1 expression in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingya Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinming Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Resistance, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Xinming Zhao,
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingmian Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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16
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Mei C, Gong W, Wang X, Lv Y, Zhang Y, Wu S, Zhu C. Anti-angiogenic therapy in ovarian cancer: Current understandings and prospects of precision medicine. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1147717. [PMID: 36959862 PMCID: PMC10027942 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1147717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) remains the most fatal disease of gynecologic malignant tumors. Angiogenesis refers to the development of new vessels from pre-existing ones, which is responsible for supplying nutrients and removing metabolic waste. Although not yet completely understood, tumor vascularization is orchestrated by multiple secreted factors and signaling pathways. The most central proangiogenic signal, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGFR signaling, is also the primary target of initial clinical anti-angiogenic effort. However, the efficiency of therapy has so far been modest due to the low response rate and rapidly emerging acquiring resistance. This review focused on the current understanding of the in-depth mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis, together with the newest reports of clinical trial outcomes and resistance mechanism of anti-angiogenic agents in OC. We also emphatically summarized and analyzed previously reported biomarkers and predictive models to describe the prospect of precision therapy of anti-angiogenic drugs in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijing Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongning Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sanlan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Sanlan Wu, ; Chunqi Zhu,
| | - Chunqi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Sanlan Wu, ; Chunqi Zhu,
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17
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Xie W, Yang S, Liang L, Wang M, Zuo W, Lei Y, Zhang Y, Tang W, Lu T, Chen Y, Jiang Y. Discovery of 2-Amino-7-sulfonyl-7 H-pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Potent Reversible FGFR Inhibitors with Gatekeeper Mutation Tolerance: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16570-16588. [PMID: 36480917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) play key roles in promoting cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. However, acquired resistance to FGFR inhibitors has become an emerging challenge in long-term cancer therapies, especially for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gatekeeper (GK) mutations are the main mechanism of resistance. Herein, we describe the discovery of a series of reversible FGFR inhibitors, particularly for GK mutations with the 2-amino-7-sulfonyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold. Rational design, optimization, and pharmacokinetic screening provided representative compound 19 with potent FGFR inhibition in vitro, high bioavailability, and an acceptable half-life. GK mutation tolerance was supported by assays against FGFR4V550L and Ba/F3-TEL-FGFR4V550L cells. Moreover, compound 19 exhibited potent antitumor potency in HUH7 xenograft mouse models with no obvious toxicity observed. Compound 19 was identified as a potential candidate for overcoming GK mutations for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuchen Xie
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Siyu Yang
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Li Liang
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Wen Zuo
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yan Lei
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Weifang Tang
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yadong Chen
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yulei Jiang
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
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18
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FGFR Inhibitors in Cholangiocarcinoma-A Novel Yet Primary Approach: Where Do We Stand Now and Where to Head Next in Targeting This Axis? Cells 2022; 11:cells11233929. [PMID: 36497187 PMCID: PMC9737583 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are rare but aggressive tumours with poor diagnosis and limited treatment options. Molecular targeted therapies became a promising proposal for patients after progression under first-line chemical treatment. In light of an escalating prevalence of CCA, it is crucial to fully comprehend its pathophysiology, aetiology, and possible targets in therapy. Such knowledge would play a pivotal role in searching for new therapeutic approaches concerning diseases' symptoms and their underlying causes. Growing evidence showed that fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF/FGFR) pathway dysregulation is involved in a variety of processes during embryonic development and homeostasis as well as tumorigenesis. CCA is known for its close correlation with the FGF/FGFR pathway and targeting this axis has been proposed in treatment guidelines. Bearing in mind the significance of molecular targeted therapies in different neoplasms, it seems most reasonable to move towards intensive research and testing on these in the case of CCA. However, there is still a need for more data covering this topic. Although positive results of many pre-clinical and clinical studies are discussed in this review, many difficulties lie ahead. Furthermore, this review presents up-to-date literature regarding the outcomes of the latest clinical data and discussion over future directions of FGFR-directed therapies in patients with CCA.
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19
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Storandt MH, Jin Z, Mahipal A. Pemigatinib in cholangiocarcinoma with a FGFR2 rearrangement or fusion. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:1265-1274. [PMID: 36408971 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2150168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) accounts for approximately 3% of gastrointestinal malignancies and is associated with a high mortality rate. Recent progress in the understanding of cholangiocarcinoma tumorigenesis and molecular markers has led to the development of several targeted therapies applicable to this disease. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene fusion or translocation, resulting in constitutive activation of the FGFR tyrosine kinase, has been identified as a driver of oncogenesis in 10-15% of intrahepatic CCA. Pemigatinib is an FGFR inhibitor that has demonstrated survival benefit in the second line setting for treatment of CCA with FGFR2 fusion or rearrangement refractory to chemotherapy. Pemigatinib was the first targeted therapy to be approved by the FDA for treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. AREAS COVERED This article reviews FGFR and its dysregulation in oncogenesis, FGFR inhibitors, especially pemigatinib, utilized in treatment of CCA, common adverse events associated with FGFR inhibitors, and future directions in the field of targeted drug development for CCA. EXPERT OPINION FGFR inhibitors, including pemigatinib, have shown promise in the management of CCA with FGFR2 fusion or rearrangement; however, acquired resistance remains a major barrier in the field of FGFR inhibitors and requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhaohui Jin
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amit Mahipal
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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20
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Abstract
The FGF receptors (FGFRs) belong to a family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Abundant evidence shows that FGFRs are closely related to tumor cell invasion and angiogenesis. Hence, targeted modulation of FGFRs has become an effective strategy for cancer treatment. Recently, the development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting FGFRs has been extensively studied, and three inhibitors have been approved for marketing. Based on the clinical problems with the current inhibitors, there is a need to develop novel inhibitors and technologies to address the pitfalls. This review summarizes recent advances in small-molecule inhibitors targeting FGFRs, focusing on structure-activity relationships. Moreover, recent progress of novel technologies are summarized to provide a reference for promoting the application of drugs targeting FGFRs in tumor therapy.
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21
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Ozyurt R, Ozpolat B. Molecular Mechanisms of Anti-Estrogen Therapy Resistance and Novel Targeted Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5206. [PMID: 36358625 PMCID: PMC9655708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women, constituting one-third of all cancers in women, and it is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Anti-estrogen therapies, such as selective estrogen receptor modulators, significantly improve survival in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) BC patients, which represents about 70% of cases. However, about 60% of patients inevitably experience intrinsic or acquired resistance to anti-estrogen therapies, representing a major clinical problem that leads to relapse, metastasis, and patient deaths. The resistance mechanisms involve mutations of the direct targets of anti-estrogen therapies, compensatory survival pathways, as well as alterations in the expression of non-coding RNAs (e.g., microRNA) that regulate the activity of survival and signaling pathways. Although cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have significantly improved survival, the efficacy of these therapies alone and in combination with anti-estrogen therapy for advanced ER+ BC, are not curative in advanced and metastatic disease. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms causing treatment resistance is critical for developing highly effective therapies and improving patient survival. This review focuses on the key mechanisms that contribute to anti-estrogen therapy resistance and potential new treatment strategies alone and in combination with anti-estrogen drugs to improve the survival of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumeysa Ozyurt
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Nanomedicine, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Nanomedicine, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Gordon A, Johnston E, Lau DK, Starling N. Targeting FGFR2 Positive Gastroesophageal Cancer: Current and Clinical Developments. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1183-1196. [PMID: 36238135 PMCID: PMC9553429 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s282718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the systemic treatment of gastroesophageal cancers, prognosis remains poor. Comprehensive molecular analyses have characterized the genomic landscape of gastroesophageal cancer that has established therapeutic targets such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). The aberrant fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) pathway is attractive for targetable therapy with FGFR inhibition based on preclinical data showing a pivotal role in the progression of gastric cancer (GC). FGFR2 amplification is the most common FGFR2 gene aberration in gastroesophageal cancer, and most associated with diffuse GC, which is often linked to poorer prognostic outcomes. There has been considerable progress with drug development focused on FGFR inhibition. At present, there is no approved FGFR inhibitor for FGFR2 positive gastroesophageal cancer. A selective FGFR2b monoclonal antibody bemarituzumab is currently being investigated in the first phase III randomized trial for patients with first line advanced GC, which may change the treatment paradigm for FGFR2b positive GC. The role of FGFR signalling, specifically FGFR2, is less established in oesophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) with a paucity of evidence for clinical benefit in these patients. Precision medicine is part of the wider approach in gastrointestinal cancers; however, it can be challenging due to heterogeneity and here circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) for patient selection may have future clinical utility. In our review, we outline the FGFR pathway and focus on the developments and challenges of targeting FGFR2 driven gastroesophageal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderley Gordon
- Gastrointestinal and Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Edwina Johnston
- Gastrointestinal and Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - David K Lau
- Gastrointestinal and Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Naureen Starling
- Gastrointestinal and Lymphoma Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation, London, UK,Correspondence: Naureen Starling, Gastrointestinal and Lymphoma Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom, Tel +44 2086426011, Email
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23
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Patient Selection Approaches in FGFR Inhibitor Trials-Many Paths to the Same End? Cells 2022; 11:cells11193180. [PMID: 36231142 PMCID: PMC9563413 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling have been investigated in various human cancer diseases. Recently, the first compounds received FDA approval in biomarker-selected patient populations. Different approaches and technologies have been applied in clinical trials, ranging from protein (immunohistochemistry) to mRNA expression (e.g., RNA in situ hybridization) and to detection of various DNA alterations (e.g., copy number variations, mutations, gene fusions). We review, here, the advantages and limitations of the different technologies and discuss the importance of tissue and disease context in identifying the best predictive biomarker for FGFR targeting therapies.
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24
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Xie T, Du K, Liu W, Liu C, Wang B, Tian Y, Li R, Huang X, Lin J, Jian H, Zhang J, Yuan Y. LHX2 facilitates the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via activation of the FGF1/FGFR axis. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1239-1253. [PMID: 35864158 PMCID: PMC9519904 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distant metastasis and recurrence remain the main obstacle to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying NPC growth and metastasis are poorly understood. METHODS LHX2 expression was examined in NPC cell lines and NPC tissues using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and Immunohistochemistry assay. NPC cells overexpressing or silencing LHX2 were used to perform CCK-8 assay, colony-formation assay, EdU assay, wound-healing and invasion assays in vitro. Xenograft tumour models and lung metastasis models were involved for the in vivo assays. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), ELISA assay, western blot, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and Luciferase reporter assay were applied for the downstream target mechanism investigation. RESULTS LIM-homeodomain transcription factor 2 (LHX2) was upregulated in NPC tissues and cell lines. Elevated LHX2 was closely associated with poor survival in NPC patients. Ectopic LHX2 overexpression dramatically promoted the growth, migration and invasion of NPC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LHX2 transcriptionally increased the fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) expression, which in turn activated the phosphorylation of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), ERK1/2 (extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2) and AKT signalling pathways in an autocrine and paracrine manner, thereby promoting the growth and metastasis of NPC. Inhibition of FGF1 with siRNA or FGFR inhibitor blocked LHX2-induced nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell growth, migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies the LHX2-FGF1-FGFR axis plays a key role in NPC progression and provides a potential target for NPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunpeng Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunshan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiyao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhong Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Jian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Province, People's Republic of China.
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Chen Q, Du X. FGF/FGFR-related lncRNAs based classification predicts prognosis and guides therapy in gastric cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:948102. [PMID: 36105076 PMCID: PMC9465033 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.948102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and its receptor (FGFR) play crucial roles in gastric cancer (GC). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as RNA molecules of around 200 nucleotides or more, which are not translated into proteins. As well-known regulatory factors, lncRNAs are considered as biomarkers for prognosis and treatment response in GC. It is of importance to identify FGF/FGFR-related lncRNAs in GC. Here, some FGF/FGFR-related lncRNAs were identified in GC based on the data from public databases, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Then a four-lncRNAs (FGF10-AS1, MIR2052HG, POU6F2-AS2, and DIRC1) risk score (RS) model was established for predicting GC’s prognosis by using Cox analysis. According to the median value of RS, GC patients were divided into low and high RS group. Low RS group displayed high tumor mutation burden and infiltration of immune cells, as well as more sensitivity to immunotherapy or chemotherapy. High RS group showed high infiltration of stromal cells and more oncogenic signatures. In addition, a comprehensive analysis was carried out and found that high RS group may exhibit specific sensitivity to Panobinostat (histone deacetylases inhibitor) and Tivantinib (MET inhibitor). In summary, our study not only offers a novel personalized prognostication classification model according to FGF/FGFR-related lncRNAs, but also provides a new strategy for subclass-specific precision treatment in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxiang Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojing Du,
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Mahfuz AMUB, Khan MA, Biswas S, Afrose S, Mahmud S, Mohammed Bahadur N, Ahmed F. In search of novel inhibitors of anti-cancer drug target fibroblast growth factor receptors: Insights from virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Fibroblast Growth Factor 3 Is Associated with Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Controlled Study. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3331119. [PMID: 35720042 PMCID: PMC9200572 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3331119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the effects of fibroblast growth factor 3 (FGF3) on the proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of the tongue squamous cell carcinoma SCC-9 cell line (SCC-9). Methods We measured the proliferation of SCC-9 cells in a control group, an FGF3 intervention group, and a fibroblast growth factor (FGFR) inhibitor intervention group in cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) experiments. We studied effects of FGF3 on the cell cycle and apoptosis of tongue cancer cells using flow cytometry. We further explored the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by measuring BCL-2 and Bcl-2 Associated X-protein (BAX) mRNA and protein levels with RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Results Results from the CCK-8 experiment showed that survival rates of cells in the control group, FGF3 intervention group, and FGFR inhibitor intervention group were 100.000% ± 4.026%, 136.330% ± 9.779%, and 83.199% ± 4.954%, respectively; survival rates of SCC-9 cells in all three groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with that in the control group, the ratio of cells in G0/G1 phase in the FGFR inhibitor intervention group was higher (P < 0.05) and that in G2/M phase was lower, while the FGF3 intervention group showed opposite results (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate of tongue cancer cells differed significantly between the FGFR inhibitor intervention and the control groups (P < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of IRS1, PI3K, and BCL-2 were all increased in the FGF3 intervention group (P < 0.05), while BAX mRNA and protein expression levels were decreased (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of protein kinase B (AKT) showed no differences between groups. The p-AKT protein was overexpressed, while the total amount of AKT protein remained stable (P < 0.05). Conclusion FGF3 contributes to the proliferation of SCC-9 cells by increasing the proportion of cells in G2/M phase. Therefore, appropriately timed inhibition of FGF3 can potentially promote tumor apoptosis through the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Our results demonstrate the role of FGF3 in the tumor microenvironment in tongue squamous cell carcinoma SCC-9 cells and suggest new therapeutic targets.
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Zhang X, Wen X, Hu G, Zhang Q, Sun Q, Jia Y, Liu Y, Lin H, Li H. The fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist SSR128129E inhibits fat accumulation via suppressing adipogenesis in mice. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8641-8649. [PMID: 35731366 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AS an allosteric inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), SSR128129E (SSR) extensively inhibits the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. Given the metabolic importance of FGFs and the global epidemic of obesity, we explored the effect of SSR on fat metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS Three-week-old male mice were administered intragastrically with SSR (30 mg/kg/day) or PBS for 5 weeks. The effects of SSR on white and brown fat metabolism were investigated by respiratory metabolic monitoring, histological assessment and molecular analysis. Results indicated that SSR administration significantly reduced the body weight gain and the fat content of mice. SSR did not increase, but decreased the thermogenic capability of both brown and white fat. However, SSR markedly suppressed adipogenesis of adipose tissues. Further study demonstrated the involvement of ERK signaling in the action of SSR. CONCLUSIONS SSR may be a promising drug candidate for the prevention of obesity via suppressing adipogenesis. However, the influence of SSR on thermogenesis in humans should be further investigated before its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Geng Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qianying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yanxin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Hai Lin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Haifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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Cimmino F, Montella A, Tirelli M, Avitabile M, Lasorsa VA, Visconte F, Cantalupo S, Maiorino T, De Angelis B, Morini M, Castellano A, Locatelli F, Capasso M, Iolascon A. FGFR1 is a potential therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:174. [PMID: 35488346 PMCID: PMC9052553 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FGFR1 regulates cell-cell adhesion and extracellular matrix architecture and acts as oncogene in several cancers. Potential cancer driver mutations of FGFR1 occur in neuroblastoma (NB), a neural crest-derived pediatric tumor arising in sympathetic nervous system, but so far they have not been studied experimentally. We investigated the driver-oncogene role of FGFR1 and the implication of N546K mutation in therapy-resistance in NB cells. METHODS Public datasets were used to predict the correlation of FGFR1 expression with NB clinical outcomes. Whole genome sequencing data of 19 paired diagnostic and relapse NB samples were used to find somatic mutations. In NB cell lines, silencing by short hairpin RNA and transient overexpression of FGFR1 were performed to evaluate the effect of the identified mutation by cell growth, invasion and cologenicity assays. HEK293, SHSY5Y and SKNBE2 were selected to investigate subcellular wild-type and mutated protein localization. FGFR1 inhibitor (AZD4547), alone or in combination with PI3K inhibitor (GDC0941), was used to rescue malignant phenotypes induced by overexpression of FGFR1 wild-type and mutated protein. RESULTS High FGFR1 expression correlated with low relapse-free survival in two independent NB gene expression datasets. In addition, we found the somatic mutation N546K, the most recurrent point mutation of FGFR1 in all cancers and already reported in NB, in one out of 19 matched primary and recurrent tumors. Loss of FGFR1 function attenuated invasion and cologenicity in NB cells, whereas FGFR1 overexpression enhanced oncogenicity. The overexpression of FGFR1N546K protein showed a higher nuclear localization compared to wild-type protein and increased cellular invasion and cologenicity. Moreover, N546K mutation caused the failure in response to treatment with FGFR1 inhibitor by activation of ERK, STAT3 and AKT pathways. The combination of FGFR1 and PI3K pathway inhibitors was effective in reducing the invasive and colonigenic ability of cells overexpressing FGFR1 mutated protein. CONCLUSIONS FGFR1 is an actionable driver oncogene in NB and a promising therapy may consist in targeting FGFR1 mutations in patients with therapy-resistant NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Cimmino
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalaura Montella
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Matilde Tirelli
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.,European School of Molecular Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Avitabile
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Feliciano Visconte
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Sueva Cantalupo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Maiorino
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio De Angelis
- Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy Department, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Morini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aurora Castellano
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy.
| | - Achille Iolascon
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy.
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Skolariki A, D’Costa J, Little M, Lord S. Role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in mediating endocrine resistance: concept to clinic. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:172-199. [PMID: 36046843 PMCID: PMC9400772 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor (ER) and for this group of patients, endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of systemic treatment. However, drug resistance is common and a focus for breast cancer preclinical and clinical research. Over the past 2 decades, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis has emerged as an important driver of treatment failure, and inhibitors of mTOR and PI3K are now licensed for the treatment of women with advanced ER-positive breast cancer who have relapsed on first-line hormonal therapy. This review presents the preclinical and clinical data that led to this new treatment paradigm and discusses future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aglaia Skolariki
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK
| | - Jamie D’Costa
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Little
- Department of Oncology, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Lord
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK
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31
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Antiangiogenic Strategies in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Mechanism, Resistance, and Combination Therapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4880355. [PMID: 35466318 PMCID: PMC9019437 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4880355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancer and plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer. Antiangiogenic agent is the first approved targeted agent in ovarian cancer. Anti-angiogenic agents mainly include agents target VEGF/VEGFR pathway, such as bevacizumab and agents target receptor tyrosine kinase, and non-VEGF/VEGFR targets of angiogenesis. Antiangiogenic agents demonstrate certain effects in ovarian cancer treatment either as monotherapy or combined with chemotherapy. Unfortunately, antiangiogenic agents, such as bevacizumab, integrated into the ovarian cancer treatment paradigm do not increase cures. Thus, the benefits of anti-angiogenic agents must be carefully weighed against the cost and associated toxicities. Antiangiogenic agents drug resistance and short of predictive biomarkers are main obstacles in ovarian cancer treatment. A combination of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors might be great strategies to overcome resistance as well as enhance anti-tumor activity of anti-angiogenic drugs. Predictive biomarkers of antiangiogenic agents are in urgent need.
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Ansari MJ, Bokov D, Markov A, Jalil AT, Shalaby MN, Suksatan W, Chupradit S, AL-Ghamdi HS, Shomali N, Zamani A, Mohammadi A, Dadashpour M. Cancer combination therapies by angiogenesis inhibitors; a comprehensive review. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:49. [PMID: 35392964 PMCID: PMC8991477 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal vasculature is one of the most conspicuous traits of tumor tissue, largely contributing to tumor immune evasion. The deregulation mainly arises from the potentiated pro-angiogenic factors secretion and can also target immune cells' biological events, such as migration and activation. Owing to this fact, angiogenesis blockade therapy was established to fight cancer by eliminating the nutrient and oxygen supply to the malignant cells by impairing the vascular network. Given the dominant role of vascular-endothelium growth factor (VEGF) in the angiogenesis process, the well-known anti-angiogenic agents mainly depend on the targeting of its actions. However, cancer cells mainly show resistance to anti-angiogenic agents by several mechanisms, and also potentiated local invasiveness and also distant metastasis have been observed following their administration. Herein, we will focus on clinical developments of angiogenesis blockade therapy, more particular, in combination with other conventional treatments, such as immunotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy, and also cancer vaccines. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dmitry Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow, 109240 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Markov
- Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation
- Industrial University, Tyumen, Russian Federation
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Faculty of Biology and Ecology, Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, 230023 Grodno, Belarus
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Department of Dentistry, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit 52001 Iraq
| | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Hasan S. AL-Ghamdi
- Internal Medicine Department, Division of Dermatology, Albaha University, Al Bahah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Zamani
- Shiraz Transplant Center, Abu Ali Sina Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Neurology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadashpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Germline Variants in Angiogenesis-Related Genes Contribute to Clinical Outcome in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071844. [PMID: 35406617 PMCID: PMC8997703 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A high risk of relapse and treatment resistance are among the major challenges in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Data show that common germline alterations in genes regulating angiogenesis may modulate treatment sensitivity, cancer progression, and prognosis, but relatively little is known about their role in HNSCC. Thus, our goal was to examine the effect of variation in these genes on survival outcomes in HNSCC patients receiving radiotherapy and cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy. We identified genetic variants significantly affecting therapy results, constituting independent prognostic factors in these patients. Our results suggest that some polymorphisms in angiogenesis genes may be determinants of treatment efficacy and tumor aggressiveness in HNSCC, which may be of importance in standard therapy. These findings emphasize the potential value of the host genetic profile related to angiogenesis in assessing the risk of treatment failure. Abstract Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/PDGF receptor (PDGFR) systems, as well as some matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), are involved in various steps of angiogenesis. Data indicate that common germline variations in angiogenesis-regulating genes may modulate therapy results and cancer progression. However, whether these variants affect clinical outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is unclear. Hence, we assessed the relationship between FGF/FGFR, PDGF/PDGFR, MMP, and TIMP genetic variants and treatment outcomes in HNSCC patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) alone or combined with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis, FGF2 rs1048201 CC homozygotes showed a higher risk of death (p = 0.039), while PDGFRA rs2228230 T was strongly associated with an increased risk of locoregional relapse (HR 2.49, p = 0.001) in the combination treatment subgroup. In the RT alone subset, MMP2 rs243865 TT carriers had a higher risk of locoregional recurrence (HR 2.92, p = 0.019), whereas PDGFRB rs246395 CC homozygotes were at increased risk of metastasis (HR 3.06, p = 0.041). The MMP2 rs7201 C and TIMP2 rs7501477 T were associated with a risk of locoregional failure in the entire cohort (p = 0.032 and 0.045, respectively). Furthermore, rs1048201, rs2228230, rs246395, rs243865, rs7201, and rs7201/rs7501477 were independent indicators of an unfavorable outcome. This study demonstrates that the FGF2, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, MMP2, and TIMP2 variants may contribute to treatment failure and poor prognosis in HNSCC.
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Exploring the FGF/FGFR System in Ocular Tumors: New Insights and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073835. [PMID: 35409195 PMCID: PMC8998873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular tumors are a family of rare neoplasms that develop in the eye. Depending on the type of cancer, they mainly originate from cells localized within the retina, the uvea, or the vitreous. Even though current treatments (e.g., radiotherapy, transpupillary thermotherapy, cryotherapy, chemotherapy, local resection, or enucleation) achieve the control of the local tumor in the majority of treated cases, a significant percentage of patients develop metastatic disease. In recent years, new targeting therapies and immuno-therapeutic approaches have been evaluated. Nevertheless, the search for novel targets and players is eagerly required to prevent and control tumor growth and metastasis dissemination. The fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR) system consists of a family of proteins involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. Indeed, tumor and stroma activation of the FGF/FGFR system plays a relevant role in tumor growth, invasion, and resistance, as well as in angiogenesis and dissemination. To date, scattered pieces of literature report that FGFs and FGFRs are expressed by a significant subset of primary eye cancers, where they play relevant and pleiotropic roles. In this review, we provide an up-to-date description of the relevant roles played by the FGF/FGFR system in ocular tumors and speculate on its possible prognostic and therapeutic exploitation.
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35
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Lengyel CG, Hussain S, Seeber A, Jamil Nidhamalddin S, Trapani D, Habeeb BS, Elfaham E, Mazher SA, Seid F, Khan SZ, El Bairi K, Odhiambo A, Altuna SC, Petrillo A. FGFR Pathway Inhibition in Gastric Cancer: The Golden Era of an Old Target? Life (Basel) 2022; 12:81. [PMID: 35054474 PMCID: PMC8778800 DOI: 10.3390/life12010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. The majority of patients are diagnosed at an advanced/metastatic stage of disease due to a lack of specific symptoms and lack of screening programs, especially in Western countries. Thus, despite the improvement in GC therapeutic opportunities, the survival is disappointing, and the definition of the optimal treatment is still an unmet need. Novel diagnostic techniques were developed in clinical trials in order to characterize the genetic profile of GCs and new potential molecular pathways, such as the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) pathway, were identified in order to improve patient's survival by using target therapies. The aim of this review is to summarize the role and the impact of FGFR signaling in GC and to provide an overview regarding the potential effectiveness of anti-FGFR agents in GC treatment in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csongor G. Lengyel
- Head and Neck Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Sadaqat Hussain
- Oncology Department, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK;
| | - Andreas Seeber
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | | | | | - Baker S. Habeeb
- Medical Oncology, Shaqlawa Teaching Hospital, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
| | - Essam Elfaham
- Department of Hematoncology, Kuwait Cancer Control Center (KCCC), Kuwait City 20001, Kuwait;
| | - Syed Ayub Mazher
- Division of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Clements University Hospital, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Fahmi Seid
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa 1560, Ethiopia;
| | - Shah Z. Khan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, BINOR Cancer Hospital, Bannu 28000, Pakistan;
| | | | - Andrew Odhiambo
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00202, Kenya;
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Nagy Z, Jeselsohn R. ESR1 fusions and therapeutic resistance in metastatic breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1037531. [PMID: 36686845 PMCID: PMC9848494 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1037531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent female malignant tumor, and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. The most common subtype of breast cancer is hormone receptor positive that expresses the estrogen receptor (ER). Targeting ER with endocrine therapy (ET) is the current standard of care for ER positive (ER+) breast cancer, reducing mortality by up to 40% in early- stage disease. However, resistance to ET represents a major clinical challenge for ER+ breast cancer patients leading to disease recurrence or progression of metastatic disease. Salient drivers of ET resistance are missense mutations in the ER gene (ESR1) leading to constitutive transcriptional activity and reduced ET sensitivity. These mutations are particularly prominent and deleterious in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). In addition to activating ESR1 point mutations, emerging evidence imposes that chromosomal translocation involving the ESR1 gene can also drive ET resistance through the formation of chimeric transcription factors with constitutive transcriptional activity. Although these ESR1 gene fusions are relatively rare, they are enriched in ET resistant metastatic disease. This review discusses the characteristics of ER fusion proteins and their association with clinical outcomes in more aggressive and metastatic breast cancer. The structure and classification of ER fusion proteins based on function and clinical significance are also addressed. Finally, this review summarizes the metastatic phenotypes exhibited by the ER fusion proteins and their role in intrinsic ET resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Nagy
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Rinath Jeselsohn, ; Zsuzsanna Nagy,
| | - Rinath Jeselsohn
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Rinath Jeselsohn, ; Zsuzsanna Nagy,
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Ou D, Wu Y. The prognostic and clinical significance of IFI44L aberrant downregulation in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1327. [PMID: 34903206 PMCID: PMC8667451 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is a basic task in high-throughput gene expression profiling studies to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two phenotypes. RankComp, an algorithm, could analyze the highly stable within-sample relative expression orderings (REOs) of gene pairs in a particular type of human normal tissue that are widely reversed in the cancer condition, thereby detecting DEGs for individual disease samples measured by a particular platform. Methods In the present study, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Series (GSE) GSE75540, GSE138206 were downloaded from GEO, by analyzing DEGs in oral squamous cell carcinoma based on online datasets using the RankComp algorithm, using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis to survival analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying. Results We identified 6 reverse gene pairs with stable REOs. All the 12 genes in these 6 reverse gene pairs have been reported to be associated with cancers. Notably, lower Interferon Induced Protein 44 Like (IFI44L) expression was associated with poorer overall survival (OS) and Disease-free survival (DFS) in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients, and IFI44L expression showed satisfactory predictive efficiency by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Moreover, low IFI44L expression was identified as risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients’ OS. IFI44L downregulation would lead to the activation of the FRS-mediated FGFR1, FGFR3, and downstream signaling pathways, and might play a role in the PI3K-FGFR cascades. Conclusions Collectively, we identified 6 reverse gene pairs with stable REOs in oral squamous cell carcinoma, which might serve as gene signatures playing a role in the diagnosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, high expression of IFI44L, one of the DEGs in the 6 reverse gene pairs, might be associated with favorable prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and serve as a tumor suppressor by acting on the FRS-mediated FGFR signaling. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-09058-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Ou
- Department of Stomatology, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China.
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, China
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Zarczynska I, Gorska-Arcisz M, Cortez AJ, Kujawa KA, Wilk AM, Skladanowski AC, Stanczak A, Skupinska M, Wieczorek M, Lisowska KM, Sadej R, Kitowska K. p38 Mediates Resistance to FGFR Inhibition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123363. [PMID: 34943871 PMCID: PMC8699485 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
FGFR signalling is one of the most prominent pathways involved in cell growth and development as well as cancer progression. FGFR1 amplification occurs in approximately 20% of all squamous cell lung carcinomas (SCC), a predominant subtype of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), indicating FGFR as a potential target for the new anti-cancer treatment. However, acquired resistance to this type of therapies remains a serious clinical challenge. Here, we investigated the NSCLC cell lines response and potential mechanism of acquired resistance to novel selective FGFR inhibitor CPL304110. We found that despite significant genomic differences between CPL304110-sensitive cell lines, their resistant variants were characterised by upregulated p38 expression/phosphorylation, as well as enhanced expression of genes involved in MAPK signalling. We revealed that p38 inhibition restored sensitivity to CPL304110 in these cells. Moreover, the overexpression of this kinase in parental cells led to impaired response to FGFR inhibition, thus confirming that p38 MAPK is a driver of resistance to a novel FGFR inhibitor. Taken together, our results provide an insight into the potential direction for NSCLC targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zarczynska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Monika Gorska-Arcisz
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Alexander Jorge Cortez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.J.C.); (A.M.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Aleksandra Kujawa
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (K.A.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Agata Małgorzata Wilk
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.J.C.); (A.M.W.)
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Cezary Skladanowski
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Stanczak
- Clinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Marymoncka 15, 05-152 Kazuń Nowy, Poland; (A.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Monika Skupinska
- Preclinical Development Departament, Celon Pharma S.A., Marymoncka 15, 05-152 Kazuń Nowy, Poland;
| | - Maciej Wieczorek
- Clinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Marymoncka 15, 05-152 Kazuń Nowy, Poland; (A.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Marta Lisowska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (K.A.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Rafal Sadej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Kamila Kitowska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (K.K.)
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Aprajita, Sharma R. Comprehending fibroblast growth factor receptor like 1: Oncogene or tumor suppressor? Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 29:100472. [PMID: 34689016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Like 1 (FGFRL1) signaling has crucial role in a multitude of processes during genetic diseases, embryonic development and various types of cancer. Due to its partial structural similarity with its classical Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor [FGFR] counterparts and lack of tyrosine kinase domain, FGFRL1 was thought to work as a decoy receptor in FGF/FGFR signaling. Later on, growing number evidences showed that expression of FGFRL1 affects major pathways like ERK1/2, Akt and others, which are dysfunctional in a wide range of human cancers. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of FGFRL1 and its roles in cell differentiation, adhesion and proliferation pathways . Overexpression of FGFRL1 might lead to tumor progression and invasion. In this context, inhibitors for FGFRL1 might have therapeutic benefits in human cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aprajita
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Rinu Sharma
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, New Delhi, India.
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RTK25: A Comprehensive Molecular Profiling Strategy in Cholangiocarcinoma Using an Integrated Bioinformatics Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090898. [PMID: 34577598 PMCID: PMC8469883 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies that primarily originate from the bile duct. Tumor heterogeneity is a prime characteristic of CCA and considering the scarcity of approved targeted therapy drugs, this makes precision oncology impractical in CCA. Stratifying patients based on their molecular signature and biomarker-guided therapy may offer a conducive solution. Receptors tyrosine kinases (RTK) are potential targets for novel therapeutic strategies in CCA as RTK signaling is dysregulated in CCA. This study aims to identify targetable RTK profile in CCA using a bioinformatic approach. We discovered that CCA samples could be grouped into molecular subtypes based on the gene expression profile of selected RTKs (RTK25). Using the RTK25 gene list, we discovered five distinct molecular subtypes of CCA in this cohort. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors that target each RTK profile and their subsequent molecular signatures were also discovered. These results suggest that certain RTKs correlate with each other, indicating that tailored dual inhibition of RTKs may be more favorable than monotherapy. The results from this study can direct future investigative attention towards validating this concept in in vivo and in vitro systems. Ultimately, this will facilitate biomarker-guided clinical trials for the successful approval of novel therapeutic options in CCA.
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Lenvatinib with etoposide plus ifosfamide in patients with refractory or relapsed osteosarcoma (ITCC-050): a multicentre, open-label, multicohort, phase 1/2 study. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22:1312-1321. [PMID: 34416158 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown activity in osteosarcoma and might enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. We aimed to determine the recommended phase 2 dose and antitumour activity of lenvatinib with etoposide plus ifosfamide in patients with refractory or relapsed osteosarcoma. METHODS This multicentre, open-label, multicohort, phase 1/2 trial was done at 17 hospitals in six countries. Eligible patients were aged 2-25 years, had relapsed or refractory osteosarcoma, measurable or evaluable disease per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1, Lansky play-performance score or Karnofsky performance score of 50% or higher, up to one previous VEGF or VEGF receptor-targeted therapy, and a life expectancy of at least 3 months. This study includes a combination dose-finding phase 1 part (cohort 3A) and a phase 2 combination expansion in patients with osteosarcoma (cohort 3B). Lenvatinib was administered orally at a starting dose of 11 mg/m2 per day, capped at 24 mg per day, and etoposide (100 mg/m2 per day) plus ifosfamide (3000 mg/m2 per day) were administered intravenously on days 1-3 of each 21-day cycle for a maximum of five cycles. Lenvatinib monotherapy continued after these five cycles until disease progression, toxic effects, or patient choice to discontinue. The phase 1 primary endpoint was to determine the recommended phase 2 dose by evaluating dose-limiting toxicity and the phase 2 primary endpoint was progression-free survival at 4 months. Progression-free survival was measured in the full analysis set, which included all patients enrolled for efficacy outcomes; safety was assessed in all patients who received any study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02432274. FINDINGS 30 patients were screened for enrolment into cohort 3A between May 9, 2016, and June 3, 2019, and 22 patients for enrolment into cohort 3B between Sept 13, 2018, and July 18, 2019. Eight patients from cohort 3A and two from cohort 3B were ineligible for enrolment in the study. In phase 1, dose-limiting toxicities were observed in three patients (one in the lenvatinib 11 mg/m2 combination group and two in the 14 mg/m2 combination group) and the recommended phase 2 dose was determined as lenvatinib 14 mg/m2 per day (with daily dose cap of 24 mg) and etoposide 100 mg/m2 per day plus ifosfamide 3000 mg/m2 per day administered intravenously on days 1-3 of each 21-day cycle for a maximum of five cycles. 35 patients from phase 1 (cohort 3A; n=15) and phase 2 (cohort 3B; n=20) were treated at the recommended phase 2 dose and their results were pooled. Progression-free survival at 4 months was 51% (95% CI 34-69) in 18 of 35 patients per the binomial estimate. The most common grade 3-4 treatment-emergent adverse events were neutropenia (27 [77%] of 35), thrombocytopenia (25 [71%]), anaemia (19 [54%]), and decreased white blood cell count (19 [54%]). 26 [74%] of 35 patients had serious treatment-emergent adverse events and no treatment-related deaths occurred. INTERPRETATION Lenvatinib with etoposide plus ifosfamide shows promising antitumour activity with no new safety signals in patients with refractory and relapsed osteosarcoma. These findings warrant further investigation in an ongoing randomised phase 2 study (NCT04154189). FUNDING Eisai and Merck Sharp & Dohme.
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Lassen UN, Makaroff LE, Stenzinger A, Italiano A, Vassal G, Garcia-Foncillas J, Avouac B. Precision oncology: a clinical and patient perspective. Future Oncol 2021; 17:3995-4009. [PMID: 34278817 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular characterization of tumors has shifted cancer treatment strategies away from nonspecific cytotoxic treatment of histology-specific tumors toward targeting of actionable mutations that can be found across multiple cancer types. The development of high-throughput technologies such as next-generation sequencing, combined with decision support applications and availability of patient databases, has provided tools that optimize disease management. Precision oncology has proven success in improving outcomes and quality of life, as well as identifying and overcoming mechanisms of drug resistance and relapse. Addressing challenges that impede its use will improve matching of therapies to patients. Here we review the current status of precision oncology medicine, emphasizing its impact on patients - what they understand about precision oncology medicine and their hopes for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lydia E Makaroff
- Fight Bladder Cancer, Oxfordshire, OX39 4DJ, UK.,World Bladder Cancer Patient Coalition, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | | | - Gilles Vassal
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, & Unversity Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, 94805, France
| | - Jesus Garcia-Foncillas
- University Cancer Institute & The Department of Oncology, University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonomous University, Madrid, 28033, Spain
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King G, Javle M. FGFR Inhibitors: Clinical Activity and Development in the Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma. Curr Oncol Rep 2021; 23:108. [PMID: 34269915 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis and limited treatment. Gene sequencing studies have identified genetic alterations in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) in a significant proportion of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients. This review will discuss the FGFR signaling pathway's role in CCA and highlight the development of therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway. RECENT FINDINGS The development of highly potent and selective FGFR inhibitors has led to the approval of pemigatinib for FGFR2 fusion or rearranged CCA. Other selective FGFR inhibitors are currently under clinical investigation and show promising activity. Despite encouraging results, the emergence of resistance is inevitable. Studies using circulating tumor DNA and on-treatment tissue biopsies have elucidated underlying mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired resistance. There is a critical need to not only develop more effective compounds, but also innovative sequencing strategies and combinations to overcome resistance to selective FGFR inhibition. Therapeutic development of precision medicine for FGFR-altered CCA is a dynamic process of involving a comprehensive understanding of tumor biology, rational clinical trial design, and therapeutic optimization. Alterations in FGFR represent a valid therapeutic target in CCA and selective FGFR inhibitors are treatment options for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gentry King
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, 825 Eastlake Avenue East, LG-465, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Milind Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 0426, Houston, TX, 77030-4009, USA.
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Maehara O, Suda G, Natsuizaka M, Shigesawa T, Kanbe G, Kimura M, Sugiyama M, Mizokami M, Nakai M, Sho T, Morikawa K, Ogawa K, Ohashi S, Kagawa S, Kinugasa H, Naganuma S, Okubo N, Ohnishi S, Takeda H, Sakamoto N. FGFR2 maintains cancer cell differentiation via AKT signaling in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:372-380. [PMID: 34224333 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.1939638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) are important for signaling to maintain cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, which FGF receptor, 1, 2, 3, 4, and L1, is essential or whether FGFRs have distinct different roles in ESCC-CSCs is still in question. This study shows that FGFR2, particularly the IIIb isoform, is highly expressed in non-CSCs. Non-CSCs have an epithelial phenotype, and such cells are more differentiated in ESCC. Further, FGFR2 induces keratinocyte differentiation through AKT but not MAPK signaling and diminishes CSC populations. Conversely, knockdown of FGFR2 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enriches CSC populations in ESCC. Finally, data analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset shows that expression of FGFR2 significantly correlated with cancer cell differentiation in clinical ESCC samples. The present study shows that each FGFR has a distinct role and FGFR2-AKT signaling is a key driver of keratinocyte differentiation in ESCC. Activation of FGFR2-AKT signaling could be a future therapeutic option targeting CSC in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Maehara
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Goki Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Natsuizaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Natsuizaka Clinic, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taku Shigesawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gouki Kanbe
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Megumi Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Sho
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Morikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinya Ohashi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shingo Kagawa
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kinugasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Seiji Naganuma
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Naoto Okubo
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohnishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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FGFR Inhibitors in Oncology: Insight on the Management of Toxicities in Clinical Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122968. [PMID: 34199304 PMCID: PMC8231807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary FGFR inhibitors evolved as therapeutic options in cholangiocarcinoma and urothelial malignancies. Given the implications of FGFR pathway in various physiological functions, FGFR inhibitors are known to cause unique toxicities. In this review, we summarized the physiology of FGF/FGFR signaling and briefly discussed the possible mechanisms that could lead to FGFR inhibitor resistance and side effects. In addition, we proposed treatment guidelines for the management of FGFR-inhibitor-associated toxicities. Abstract Fibroblast Growth Factor receptor (FGFR) pathway aberrations have been implicated in approximately 7% of the malignancies. As our knowledge of FGFR aberrations in cancer continues to evolve, FGFR inhibitors emerged as potential targeted therapeutic agents. The promising results of pemigatinib and infigratinib in advanced unresectable cholangiocarcinoma harboring FGFR2 fusions or rearrangement, and erdafitinib in metastatic urothelial carcinoma with FGFR2 and FGFR3 genetic aberrations, lead to their accelerated approval by the United States (USA) FDA. Along with these agents, many phase II/III clinical trials are currently evaluating the use of derazantinib, infigratinib, and futibatinib either alone or in combination with immunotherapy. Despite the encouraging results seen with FGFR inhibitors, resistance mechanisms and side effect profile may limit their clinical utility. A better understanding of the unique FGFR-inhibitor-related toxicities would invariably help us in the prevention and effective management of FGFR-inhibitor-induced adverse events thereby enhancing their clinical benefit. Herein, we summarized the physiology of FGF/FGFR signaling and briefly discussed the possible mechanisms that could lead to FGFR inhibitor resistance and side effects. In addition, we proposed treatment guidelines for the management of FGFR-inhibitor-associated toxicities. This work would invariably help practicing oncologists to effectively manage the unique toxicities of FGFR inhibitors.
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Su X, Liu Z, Yue L, Wu X, Wei W, Que H, Ye T, Luo Y, Zhang Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1 H-pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridine derivatives as potent fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20651-20661. [PMID: 35479379 PMCID: PMC9033946 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02660g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation of FGFR signaling pathway plays an essential role in various types of tumors. Therefore, targeting FGFRs represents an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. Herein, we report a series of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives with potent activities against FGFR1, 2, and 3. Among them, compound 4h exhibited potent FGFR inhibitory activity (FGFR1–4 IC50 values of 7, 9, 25 and 712 nM, respectively). In vitro, 4h inhibited breast cancer 4T1 cell proliferation and induced its apoptosis. In addition, 4h also significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of 4T1 cells. Furthermore, 4h with low molecular weight would be an appealing lead compound which was beneficial to the subsequent optimization. In general, this research has been developing a class of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives targeting FGFR with development prospects. Discovery of a new class of 1H- pyrrorole [2,3-b]pyridine FGFR inhibitors with high ligand efficiency.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingping Su
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Lin Yue
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Xiuli Wu
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Wei Wei
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Hanyun Que
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37# 610041 Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
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Vitale G, Cozzolino A, Malandrino P, Minotta R, Puliani G, Saronni D, Faggiano A, Colao A. Role of FGF System in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Potential Therapeutic Applications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:665631. [PMID: 33935975 PMCID: PMC8080021 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.665631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors originating from neuroendocrine cells dispersed in different organs. Receptor tyrosine kinases are a subclass of tyrosine kinases with a relevant role in several cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, motility and metabolism. Dysregulation of these receptors is involved in neoplastic development and progression for several tumors, including NENs. In this review, we provide an overview concerning the role of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) system in the development and progression of NENs, the occurrence of fibrotic complications and the onset of drug-resistance. Although no specific FGFR kinase inhibitors have been evaluated in NENs, several clinical trials on multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors, acting also on FGF system, showed promising anti-tumor activity with an acceptable and manageable safety profile in patients with advanced NENs. Future studies will need to confirm these issues, particularly with the development of new tyrosine kinase inhibitors highly selective for FGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vitale
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Cozzolino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasqualino Malandrino
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Minotta
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Puliani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Saronni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Targeting FGFR inhibition in cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 95:102170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Belachew EB, Sewasew DT. Molecular Mechanisms of Endocrine Resistance in Estrogen-Positive Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:599586. [PMID: 33841325 PMCID: PMC8030661 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.599586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor is a vital receptor for therapeutic targets in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. The main strategy for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers is blocking the estrogen action on estrogen receptors by endocrine therapy but this can be restricted via endocrine resistance. Endocrine resistance occurs due to both de novo and acquired resistance. This review focuses on the mechanisms of the ligand-dependent and ligand-independent pathways and other coregulators, which are responsible for endocrine resistance. It concludes that combinatorial drugs that target different signaling pathways and coregulatory proteins together with endocrine therapy could be a novel therapeutic modality to stop endocrine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmael Besufikad Belachew
- Biology, Mizan Tepi University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Wang Z, Jin Y, Guo Y, Tan Z, Zhang X, Ye D, Yu Y, Peng S, Zheng L, Li J. Conversion Therapy of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Is Associated with Improved Prognosis and Verified by a Case of Patient-Derived Organoid. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051179. [PMID: 33803322 PMCID: PMC7967139 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The first core tip of this study is that we summarized the experience of conversion therapy of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) in a single center and found conversion therapy could provide a significant improvement in the overall survival of patients with IHCC. Previous studies mainly focused on case reports and case series, and our research provided more evidence for the efficacy of conversion therapy in IHCC. The second is that we established the organoid of IHCC for drug screening and firstly verified the results of drug screening tests in cancer organoid were consistent with the levels of efficacy observed in the patient from whom it was derived. Cancer organoid is a promising technology for conversion therapy according to our study but more organoids are still needed. Abstract This study was performed to determine the efficacy of conversion therapy in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) and explore the feasibility of cancer organoid to direct the conversion therapy of IHCC. Patient data were retrospectively reviewed in this study and cancer organoids were established using tissues obtained from two patients. A total of 42 patients with IHCC received conversion therapy, 9 of whom were downstaged successfully, and another 157 patients were initially resectable. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that the successfully downstaged patients had a significantly improved overall survival compared to those in whom downstaging was unsuccessful (p = 0.017), and had a similar overall survival to that of initially resectable patients (p = 0.965). The IHCC organoid was successfully established from one of two obtained tissues. Routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistological staining found the organoid retained the histopathological characteristics of the original tissues. Whole exome sequencing results indicated the IHCC organoid retained appropriately 87% of the variants in the original tissue. Gemcitabine and paclitaxel exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects on the cancer organoid as determined using drug screening tests, consistent with the levels of efficacy observed in the patient from whom it was derived. This study indicates that conversion therapy could improve the survival of patients with IHCC despite its low success rate, and it may be directed by cancer organoids though this is merely a proof of feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Z.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (D.Y.); (Y.Y.); (S.P.)
| | - Yun Jin
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Z.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (D.Y.); (Y.Y.); (S.P.)
| | - Yinghao Guo
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Z.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (D.Y.); (Y.Y.); (S.P.)
| | - Zhenhua Tan
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Z.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (D.Y.); (Y.Y.); (S.P.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Z.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (D.Y.); (Y.Y.); (S.P.)
| | - Dan Ye
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Z.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (D.Y.); (Y.Y.); (S.P.)
| | - Yuanquan Yu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Z.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (D.Y.); (Y.Y.); (S.P.)
| | - Shuyou Peng
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Z.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (D.Y.); (Y.Y.); (S.P.)
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-571-89713727 (J.L.)
| | - Jiangtao Li
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Z.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (D.Y.); (Y.Y.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-571-89713727 (J.L.)
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