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Han D, Xiong B, Zhang X, Chen C, Yao Z, Wu H, Cao J, Li J, Li P, Wang Z, Tian J. Knockdown of AMIGO2 suppresses proliferation and migration through regulating PPAR-γ in bladder cancer. Hereditas 2024; 161:21. [PMID: 38978149 PMCID: PMC11229346 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-024-00325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to reveal the relationship between AMIGO2 and proliferation, migration and tumorigenicity of bladder cancer, and explore the potential molecular mechanisms. METHODS The expression level of AMIGO2 is measured by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Stable AMIGO2 knockdown cell lines T24 and 5637 were established by lentivirus transfection. Cell Counting Kit (CCK-8 assay) was produced to determine cell proliferation, flow cytometry analysis was utilized to detect cell cycle, and wound healing assay was proceeded to test migration ability of bladder cancer cells. Xenograft mouse model was established for investigating the effect of AMIGO2 on tumor formation in vivo. The RNA Sequencing technology was applied to explore the underlying mechanisms. The expression level of PPAR-γ was measured by Western Blot. RESULTS AMIGO2 was upregulated in bladder cancer cells and tissues. Inhibited expression of AMIGO2 suppresses cell proliferation and migration. Low AMIGO2 expression inhibited tumorigenicity of 5637 in nude mice. According to RNA-Seq and bioinformatics analysis, 917 DEGs were identified. The DEGs were mainly enriched in cell-cell adhesion, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPARs) signaling pathway and some other pathways. PPAR-γ is highly expressed in bladder cancer cell lines T24 and 5637, but when AMIGO2 is knocked down in T24 and 5637, the expression level of PPAR-γ is also decreased, and overexpression of PPAR-γ could reverse the suppression effect of cell proliferation and migration caused by the inhibition of AMIGO2. CONCLUSION AMIGO2 is overexpressed in bladder cancer cells and tissues. Knockdown of AMIGO2 suppresses bladder cancer cell proliferation and migration. These processes might be regulated by PPAR-γ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Han
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephro-Urology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Chaohu Chen
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephro-Urology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yao
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephro-Urology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephro-Urology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jinlong Cao
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephro-Urology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jianpeng Li
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephro-Urology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephro-Urology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephro-Urology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Junqiang Tian
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephro-Urology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
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2
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Firouzjaei AA, Mahmoudi A, Almahmeed W, Teng Y, Kesharwani P, Sahebkar A. Identification and analysis of the molecular targets of statins in colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155258. [PMID: 38522123 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. According to several types of research, statins may impact the development and treatment of CRC. This work aimed to use bioinformatics to discover the relationship between statin targets and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CRC patients and determine the possible molecular effect of statins on CRC suppression. We used CRC datasets from the GEO database to select CRC-related DEGs. DGIdb and STITCH databases were used to identify gene targets of subtypes of statin. Further, we identified the statin target of CRC DEGs hub genes by using a Venn diagram of CRC DEGs and statin targets. Funrich and enrichr databases were carried out for the KEGG pathway and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, respectively. GSE74604 and GSE10950 were used to identify CRC DEGs. After analyzing datasets,1370 genes were identified as CRC DEGs, and 345 targets were found for statins. We found that 35 genes are CRC DEGs statin targets. We found that statin targets in CRC were enriched in the receptor and metallopeptidase activity for molecular function, cytoplasm and plasma membrane for cellular component, signal transduction, and cell communication for biological process genes were substantially enriched based on FunRich enrichment. Analysis of the KEGG pathways revealed that the overexpressed DEGs were enriched in the IL-17, PPAR, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Finally, CCNB1, DNMT1, AURKB, RAC1, PPARGC1A, CDKN1A, CAV1, IL1B, and HSPD1 were identified as hub CRC DEGs statin targets. The genetic and molecular aspects of our findings reveal that statins might have a therapeutic effect on CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmadizad Firouzjaei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mahmoudi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Wael Almahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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3
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Fan J, Chen B, Luo Q, Li J, Huang Y, Zhu M, Chen Z, Li J, Wang J, Liu L, Wei Q, Cao D. Potential molecular biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116312. [PMID: 38417288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a common malignant tumor of urinary system, which can be divided into muscle-invasive BC (MIBC) and nonmuscle-invasive BC (NMIBC). The number of BC patients has been gradually increasing currently. At present, bladder tumours are diagnosed and followed-up using a combination of cystoscopic examination, cytology and histology. However, the detection of early grade tumors, which is much easier to treat effectively than advanced stage disease, is still insufficient. It frequently recurs and can progress when not expeditiously diagnosed and monitored following initial therapy for NMIBC. Treatment strategies are totally different for different stage diseases. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study new biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we summarize the current state of biomarker development in BC diagnosis and prognosis prediction. We retrospectively analyse eight diagnostic biomarkers and eight prognostic biomarkers, in which CK, P53, PPARγ, PTEN and ncRNA are emphasized for discussion. Eight molecular subtype systems are also identified. Clinical translation of biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and treatment will hopefully improve outcomes for patients. These potential biomarkers provide an opportunity to diagnose tumors earlier and with greater accuracy, and help identify those patients most at risk of disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Fan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuping Luo
- Out-patient Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinze Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengli Zhu
- Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangren Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dehong Cao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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4
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Xie T, Peng S, Liu S, Zheng M, Diao W, Ding M, Fu Y, Guo H, Zhao W, Zhuang J. Multi-cohort validation of Ascore: an anoikis-based prognostic signature for predicting disease progression and immunotherapy response in bladder cancer. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:30. [PMID: 38341586 PMCID: PMC10858533 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer ranks as the 10th most common cancer worldwide, with deteriorating prognosis as the disease advances. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promise in clinical therapy in both operable and advanced bladder cancer, identifying patients who will respond is challenging. Anoikis, a specialized form of cell death that occurs when cells detach from the extracellular matrix, is closely linked to tumor progression. Here, we aimed to explore the anoikis-based biomarkers for bladder cancer prognosis and immunotherapeutic decisions. Through consensus clustering, we categorized patients from the TCGA-BLCA cohort into two clusters based on anoikis-related genes (ARGs). Significant differences in survival outcome, clinical features, tumor immune environment (TIME), and potential ICIs response were observed between clusters. We then formulated a four-gene signature, termed "Ascore", to encapsulate this gene expression pattern. The Ascore was found to be closely associated with survival outcome and served as an independent prognosticator in both the TCGA-BLCA cohort and the IMvigor210 cohort. It also demonstrated superior predictive capacity (AUC = 0.717) for bladder cancer immunotherapy response compared to biomarkers like TMB and PD-L1. Finally, we evaluated Ascore's independent prognostic performance as a non-invasive biomarker in our clinical cohort (Gulou-Cohort1) using circulating tumor cells detection, achieving an AUC of 0.803. Another clinical cohort (Gulou-Cohort2) consisted of 40 patients undergoing neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 treatment was also examined. Immunohistochemistry of Ascore in these patients revealed its correlation with the pathological response to bladder cancer immunotherapy (P = 0.004). Impressively, Ascore (AUC = 0.913) surpassed PD-L1 (AUC = 0.662) in forecasting immunotherapy response and indicated better net benefit. In conclusion, our study introduces Ascore as a novel, robust prognostic biomarker for bladder cancer, offering a new tool for enhancing immunotherapy decisions and contributing to the tailored treatment approaches in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlei Xie
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Peng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujun Liu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Minghao Zheng
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenli Diao
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Laboratory Medicine/Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-Origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, No. 783, Xindu Rd, Chengdu, 610500, China.
| | - Junlong Zhuang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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5
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Peng T, Xiong K, He Z, Cheng S, Chen S, Chen S, Yang Z, Xiang W, Ju L, Zhang Y, Qian K, Xiao Y, Wang G. Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor avasimibe suppresses tumorigenesis and induces G1-phase cell-cycle arrest by activating PPARγ signaling pathway in bladder cancer. J Cancer 2024; 15:370-382. [PMID: 38169575 PMCID: PMC10758042 DOI: 10.7150/jca.83856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of energy metabolism is one of the most important characteristics of tumors. Bladder cancer (BLCA) cells contain higher levels of cholesterol content compared to normal cells, and acyl-coenzyme A (CoA): cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT1) plays a crucial role in the esterification of cholesterol. Avasimibe is a drug that has been used in the treatment of atherosclerosis, and it can effectively inhibit ACAT1. We observed that ACAT1 was significantly up-regulated in BLCA and positively correlated with tumor grade. By avasimibe administration, the proliferation and migration ability of BLCA cells were reduced, while the production of ROS was strongly increased, accompanied by the up-regulated expression of ROS metabolism-related proteins SOD2 and catalase. Furthermore, BLCA cell cycle was arrested at the G1 phase, accompanied by the downregulation of cell cycle-related proteins (CCNA1/2, CCND1, CDK2 and CDK4), while the PPARγ was found to be up-regulated at both transcriptional and protein levels after avasimibe treatment. Then we found that the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 could reverse the effect of avasimibe on the cell cycle. Moreover, xenograft and pulmonary metastasis models further demonstrated that avasimibe could inhibit tumor cell growth and metastasis in vivo. Taken together, our results for the first time revealed that avasimibe can inhibit BLCA progression and metastasis, and PPARγ signaling pathway may play a key role in regulation of cell cycle distribution induced by avasimibe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Peng
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangping Xiong
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwen He
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Songtao Cheng
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siming Chen
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhonghua Yang
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan Xiang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Euler Technology, ZGC Life Sciences Park, Beijing, China
- Center for Quantitative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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Biswas A, Sahoo S, Riedlinger GM, Ghodoussipour S, Jolly MK, De S. Transcriptional state dynamics lead to heterogeneity and adaptive tumor evolution in urothelial bladder carcinoma. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1292. [PMID: 38129585 PMCID: PMC10739805 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra-tumor heterogeneity contributes to treatment failure and poor survival in urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC). Analyzing transcriptome from a UBC cohort, we report that intra-tumor transcriptomic heterogeneity indicates co-existence of tumor cells in epithelial and mesenchymal-like transcriptional states and bi-directional transition between them occurs within and between tumor subclones. We model spontaneous and reversible transition between these partially heritable states in cell lines and characterize their population dynamics. SMAD3, KLF4 and PPARG emerge as key regulatory markers of the transcriptional dynamics. Nutrient limitation, as in the core of large tumors, and radiation treatment perturb the dynamics, initially selecting for a transiently resistant phenotype and then reconstituting heterogeneity and growth potential, driving adaptive evolution. Dominance of transcriptional states with low PPARG expression indicates an aggressive phenotype in UBC patients. We propose that phenotypic plasticity and dynamic, non-genetic intra-tumor heterogeneity modulate both the trajectory of disease progression and adaptive treatment response in UBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Biswas
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | | | - Gregory M Riedlinger
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Saum Ghodoussipour
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Subhajyoti De
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Chen X, Yang Q, Kong W, Ge Y, He J, Yan A, Li D. High spatial-resolved heat manipulating membrane heterogeneity alters cellular migration and signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2312603120. [PMID: 37983503 PMCID: PMC10691225 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312603120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane heterogeneity is a key biophysical regulatory principle of membrane protein dynamics, which further influences downstream signal transduction. Although extensive biophysical and cell biology studies have proven membrane heterogeneity is essential to cell fate, the direct link between membrane heterogeneity regulation to cellular function remains unclear. Heterogeneous structures on plasma membranes, such as lipid rafts, are transiently assembled, thus hard to study via regular techniques. Indeed, it is nearly impossible to perturb membrane heterogeneity without changing plasma membrane compositions. In this study, we developed a high-spatial resolved DNA-origami-based nanoheater system with specific lipid heterogeneity targeting to manipulate the local lipid environmental temperature under near-infrared (NIR) laser illumination. Our results showed that the targeted heating of the local lipid environment influences the membrane thermodynamic properties, which further triggers an integrin-associated cell migration change. Therefore, the nanoheater system was further applied as an optimized therapeutic agent for wound healing. Our strategy provides a powerful tool to dynamically manipulate membrane heterogeneity and has the potential to explore cellular function through changes in plasma membrane biophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai200241, China
| | - Qianyun Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai200241, China
| | - Wenyan Kong
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Yifan Ge
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201210, China
| | - Jie He
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai200241, China
| | - An Yan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai200241, China
| | - Di Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai200241, China
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8
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Drosos Y, Konstantakou EG, Bassogianni AS, Nikolakopoulos KS, Koumoundourou DG, Markaki SP, Tsitsilonis OE, Voutsinas GE, Valakos D, Anastasiadou E, Thanos D, Velentzas AD, Stravopodis DJ. Microtubule Dynamics Deregulation Induces Apoptosis in Human Urothelial Bladder Cancer Cells via a p53-Independent Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3730. [PMID: 37509392 PMCID: PMC10378115 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BLCA) is the sixth most common type of cancer and has a dismal prognosis if diagnosed late. To identify treatment options for BLCA, we systematically evaluated data from the Broad Institute DepMap project. We found that urothelial BLCA cell lines are among the most sensitive to microtubule assembly inhibition by paclitaxel treatment. Strikingly, we revealed that the top dependencies in BLCA cell lines include genes encoding proteins involved in microtubule assembly. This highlights the importance of microtubule network dynamics as a major vulnerability in human BLCA. In cancers such as ovarian and breast, where paclitaxel is the gold standard of care, resistance to paclitaxel treatment has been linked to p53-inactivating mutations. To study the response of BLCA to microtubule assembly inhibition and its mechanistic link with the mutational status of the p53 protein, we treated a collection of BLCA cell lines with a dose range of paclitaxel and performed a detailed characterization of the response. We discovered that BLCA cell lines are significantly sensitive to low concentrations of paclitaxel, independently of their p53 status. Paclitaxel induced a G2/M cell cycle arrest and growth inhibition, followed by robust activation of apoptosis. Most importantly, we revealed that paclitaxel triggered a robust DNA-damage response and apoptosis program without activating the p53 pathway. Integration of transcriptomics, epigenetic, and dependency data demonstrated that the response of BLCA to paclitaxel is independent of p53 mutational signatures but strongly depends on the expression of DNA repair genes. Our work highlights urothelial BLCA as an exceptional candidate for paclitaxel treatment. It paves the way for the rational use of a combination of paclitaxel and DNA repair inhibitors as an effective, novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiannis Drosos
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Eumorphia G Konstantakou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center (MGHCC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aggeliki-Stefania Bassogianni
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos-Stylianos Nikolakopoulos
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra G Koumoundourou
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia P Markaki
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania E Tsitsilonis
- Section of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Gerassimos E Voutsinas
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Rare Disease Genetics, Institute of Biosciences and Applications (IBA), National Center for Scientific Research (NCSR) "Demokritos", 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Valakos
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ema Anastasiadou
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Thanos
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios D Velentzas
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios J Stravopodis
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15701 Athens, Greece
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9
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Symvoulidis P, Tsioutis C, Zamboglou C, Agouridis AP. The Effect of Statins on the Incidence and Prognosis of Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:6648-6665. [PMID: 37504348 PMCID: PMC10378493 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30070488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are widely used due to their ability to lower plasma cholesterol and offer protection from the effects of atherosclerosis. However, their role in urology and specifically bladder cancer remains unclear. We aimed to systematically address this issue in the literature and determine any possible effects of statin therapy on bladder cancer. METHODS We searched MEDLINE (PubMed) and Cochrane Library databases for records up to 26 March 2023, for studies evaluating the effects of statins on urinary bladder cancer (UBC). We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohorts, and case-control studies that were conducted on the adult population. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023407795. RESULTS Database searches returned 2251 reports, and after thorough investigation and assessment for eligibility, 32 reports were included in the analysis. Of them, 4 were RCTs, 6 were case-control studies, and 22 were cohort studies. Our qualitative analysis demonstrated no association between statin administration and UBC local control, recurrence, survival, or mortality, or between statin administration and bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy effectiveness. A meta-analysis of 10 trials revealed a non-significant reduction of 11% in UBC risk among users compared with non-users in RCTs (RR: 0.89, 95% CI 0.68-1.16, p = 0.37) and a non-significant increase of 32% of UBC risk among statin users compared with non-users in the analysis of the cohort studies (RR: 1.32, 95% CI 0.76-2.30, p = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide strong evidence to support the neutral effect of statins on UBC local control, recurrence, survival, and mortality, and on BCG immunotherapy. Our meta-analysis revealed a non-significant effect on UBC risk among statin users when compared with non-users, indicating no statin effect on UBC incidence and overall prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Constantinos Zamboglou
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, German Oncology Center, Limassol 4108, Cyprus
| | - Aris P Agouridis
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
- Department of Internal Medicine, German Oncology Center, Limassol 4108, Cyprus
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10
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Shen D, Deng Z, Liu W, Zhou F, Fang Y, Shan D, Wang G, Qian K, Yu M, Zhang Y, Ju L, Xiao Y, Wang X. Melatonin inhibits bladder tumorigenesis by suppressing PPARγ/ENO1-mediated glycolysis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:246. [PMID: 37024456 PMCID: PMC10079981 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a well-known natural hormone, which shows a potential anticancer effect in many human cancers. Bladder cancer (BLCA) is one of the most malignant human cancers in the world. Chemoresistance is an increasingly prominent phenomenon that presents an obstacle to the clinical treatment of BLCA. There is an urgent need to investigate novel drugs to improve the current clinical status. In our study, we comprehensively explored the inhibitory effect of melatonin on BLCA and found that it could suppress glycolysis process. Moreover, we discovered that ENO1, a glycolytic enzyme involved in the ninth step of glycolysis, was the downstream effector of melatonin and could be a predictive biomarker of BLCA. We also proved that enhanced glycolysis simulated by adding exogenous pyruvate could induce gemcitabine resistance, and melatonin treatment or silencing of ENO1 could intensify the cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine on BLCA cells. Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated the inhibitory effect of melatonin on BLCA cells. Additionally, we uncovered that PPARγ was a novel upstream regulator of ENO1, which mediated the downregulation of ENO1 caused by melatonin. Our study offers a fresh perspective on the anticancer effect of melatonin and encourages further studies on clinical chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Shen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Deng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fenfang Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yayun Fang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Danni Shan
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxue Yu
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Euler Technology, ZGC Life Sciences Park, Beijing, China
- Center for Quantitative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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11
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Chronic Arsenic Exposure Upregulates the Expression of Basal Transcriptional Factors and Increases Invasiveness of the Non-Muscle Invasive Papillary Bladder Cancer Line RT4. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012313. [PMID: 36293167 PMCID: PMC9604142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The bladder is a target organ for inorganic arsenic, a carcinogen and common environmental contaminant found in soil and water. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common type of bladder cancer (BC) that develops into papillary or non-papillary tumors. Papillary tumors are mostly non-muscle invasive (NMIUC), easier treated, and have a better prognosis. Urothelial carcinoma can be molecularly sub-typed as luminal or basal, with papillary tumors generally falling into the luminal category and basal tumors exclusively forming muscle invasive urothelial carcinomas (MIUC). It is unclear why some UCs develop more aggressive basal phenotypes. We hypothesized that chronic arsenic exposure of a papillary luminal bladder cancer would lead to the development of basal characteristics and increase in invasiveness. We treated the human papillary bladder cancer cell line RT4 with 1 µM arsenite (As3+) for twenty passages. Throughout the study, key luminal and basal gene/protein markers in the exposed cells were evaluated and at passage twenty, the cells were injected into athymic mice to evaluate tumor histology and measure protein markers using immunohistochemistry. Our data indicates that chronic As3+- treatment altered cellular morphology and decreased several luminal markers in cell culture. The histology of the tumors generated from the As3+-exposed cells was similar to the parent (non-treated) however, they appeared to be more invasive in the liver and displayed elevated levels of some basal markers. Our study demonstrates that chronic As3+ exposure is able to convert a non-invasive papillary bladder cancer to an invasive form that acquires some basal characteristics.
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12
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Song T, He K, Ning J, Li W, Xu T, Yu W, Rao T, Cheng F. Evaluation of aliphatic acid metabolism in bladder cancer with the goal of guiding therapeutic treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:930038. [PMID: 36059672 PMCID: PMC9433665 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.930038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer (BLCA) is a common internal malignancy with a poor prognosis. The re-programming of lipid metabolism is necessary for cancer cell growth, proliferation, angiogenesis and invasion. However, the role of aliphatic acid metabolism genes in bladder cancer patients has not been explored. The samples’ gene expression and clinicopathological data were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Univariate, multivariate, and LASSO Cox regression were used to develop a BLCA prognostic model. GSVA was used to assess function, whereas pRRophetic was used to assess chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. The twelve-gene signature may define the tumor immune milieu, according to the risk score model. We compared the expression of aliphatic acid metabolism genes in malignant and non-cancerous tissues and chose 90 with a false discovery rate of 0.05 for The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. The prognostic risk score model can effectively predict BLCA OS. A nomogram including age, clinical T stage, gender, grade, pathological stage, and clinical M stage was developed as an independent BLCA prognostic predictor. The halfmaximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was used to assess chemotherapeutic medication response. Sorafenib and Pyrimethamine were used to treat patients with low risk scores more sensitively than patients with high risk scores. Immunotherapy candidates with CMS1 exhibited higher risk ratings. The aliphatic acid prognostic risk score model can assess metabolic trends. Clinical stage and molecular subtype may be used to categorize individuals using the risk score.With this new paradigm, future cancer treatment and immunotherapy may be tailored to the patient’s exact requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaixiang He
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinzhuo Ning
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
| | - Weimin Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Rao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Cheng, ; Ting Rao,
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Cheng, ; Ting Rao,
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13
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Bard JE, Nowak NJ, Buck MJ, Sinha S. Multimodal Dimension Reduction and Subtype Classification of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:892207. [PMID: 35912202 PMCID: PMC9326399 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.892207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional analysis of genomic data from bulk sequencing experiments seek to group and compare sample cohorts into biologically meaningful groups. To accomplish this task, large scale databases of patient-derived samples, like that of TCGA, have been established, giving the ability to interrogate multiple data modalities per tumor. We have developed a computational strategy employing multimodal integration paired with spectral clustering and modern dimension reduction techniques such as PHATE to provide a more robust method for cancer sub-type classification. Using this integrated approach, we have examined 514 Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma (HNSC) tumor samples from TCGA across gene-expression, DNA-methylation, and microbiome data modalities. We show that these approaches, primarily developed for single-cell sequencing can be efficiently applied to bulk tumor sequencing data. Our multimodal analysis captures the dynamic heterogeneity, identifies new and refines subtypes of HNSC, and orders tumor samples along well-defined cellular trajectories. Collectively, these results showcase the inherent molecular complexity of tumors and offer insights into carcinogenesis and importance of targeted therapy. Computational techniques as highlighted in our study provide an organic and powerful approach to identify granular patterns in large and noisy datasets that may otherwise be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Bard
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States,Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Norma J. Nowak
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States,Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Michael J. Buck
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Michael J. Buck, ; Satrajit Sinha,
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Michael J. Buck, ; Satrajit Sinha,
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14
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De Carlo C, Valeri M, Rudini N, Zucali PA, Cieri M, Elefante GM, D’antonio F, Hurle R, Giordano L, Bressan A, Lazzeri M, Perrino M, Guazzoni G, Terracciano LM, Colombo P. Intratumoral Switch of Molecular Phenotype and Overall Survival in Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133256. [PMID: 35805028 PMCID: PMC9265094 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immunohistochemical protein expression was studied as a surrogate to the molecular classification of bladder cancer, although no tissue biomarkers are available for clinical use to predict survival or the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) in UC, as the literature produced conflicting results. This retrospective study included TURB specimens harboring foci of HG pT2 muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC) from 251 patients who subsequently underwent radical cystectomy. We performed immunohistochemical analysis on tumor samples, for relevant gene-expression-based markers for basal type (CD44, CK5/6) and luminal type (CK20 and pPARγ). Piescore, investigated in both non-muscle-invasive (NMI) and muscle-invasive (MI) components of the tumor, divided basal and luminal UC-types when at least three of the four markers were consistent with a specific phenotype, mixed types if one/two luminal and basal markers were present simultaneously, and neu-like types when all four markers investigated were negative. Eighteen selected cases were also investigated with RT-PCR to validate, and to increase the specificity of, the immunohistochemical results. We observe an immunophenotypical difference in the NMI and MI components in 96/251 UC patients (38.25%): half of tumors (44/96 cases) have a transition to basal, 36.46% (35/96 cases) to neu-like, 12.5% (12/96 cases) to mixed, and 5.2% (5/96 cases) to luminal phenotypes. Mixed tumors in the NMI component are more likely to change phenotype than other groups, particularly compared with basal tumors, which demonstrate greater stability (only 8/96 cases, p < 0.00001). The transition of luminal tumors to basal display a better OS compared with the transition toward neu-like tumors (p = 0.027). Overall, the phenotypical switch does not affect lymphovascular invasion, pT, DFS, or OS compared with non-switched cases. In the MI component, the presence of CD44 expression, irrespective of score-related phenotype, shows a protective effect in papillary-type UC (OS p = 0.008, HR 0.453, PFS p = 0.07, HR 0.599), and in UC naïve for CT (p = 0.0479). Piescore immunophenotyping reveals an intratumoral phenotypical transition between the NMI and MI components of the same tumor. The molecular change is a common event in the mixed and luminal categories, but not in basal tumors, which show better phenotypical stability. This phenomenon could partially explain the sensitivity of a subset of luminal UC to chemotherapy: good responders could be “non-real” luminal UC, which acquire nasal markers, such as CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla De Carlo
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.D.C.); (M.V.); (N.R.); (M.C.); (G.M.E.); (A.B.); (L.M.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (P.A.Z.); (F.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Marina Valeri
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.D.C.); (M.V.); (N.R.); (M.C.); (G.M.E.); (A.B.); (L.M.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (P.A.Z.); (F.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Noemi Rudini
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.D.C.); (M.V.); (N.R.); (M.C.); (G.M.E.); (A.B.); (L.M.T.)
| | - Paolo Andrea Zucali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (P.A.Z.); (F.D.); (G.G.)
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Miriam Cieri
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.D.C.); (M.V.); (N.R.); (M.C.); (G.M.E.); (A.B.); (L.M.T.)
| | - Grazia Maria Elefante
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.D.C.); (M.V.); (N.R.); (M.C.); (G.M.E.); (A.B.); (L.M.T.)
| | - Federica D’antonio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (P.A.Z.); (F.D.); (G.G.)
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Rodolfo Hurle
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (R.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Laura Giordano
- Biostatistic Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Bressan
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.D.C.); (M.V.); (N.R.); (M.C.); (G.M.E.); (A.B.); (L.M.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (P.A.Z.); (F.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Massimo Lazzeri
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (R.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Matteo Perrino
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Guazzoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (P.A.Z.); (F.D.); (G.G.)
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (R.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Luigi Maria Terracciano
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.D.C.); (M.V.); (N.R.); (M.C.); (G.M.E.); (A.B.); (L.M.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (P.A.Z.); (F.D.); (G.G.)
| | - Piergiuseppe Colombo
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (C.D.C.); (M.V.); (N.R.); (M.C.); (G.M.E.); (A.B.); (L.M.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (P.A.Z.); (F.D.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0282244707
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15
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Papaetis GS. Pioglitazone, Bladder Cancer and the Presumption of Innocence. Curr Drug Saf 2022; 17:294-318. [PMID: 35249505 DOI: 10.2174/1574886317666220304124756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazolidinediones are potent exogenous agonists of PPAR-γ, which augment the effects of insulin to its cellular targets and mainly at the level of adipose tissue. Pioglitazone, the main thiazolidinedione in clinical practice, has shown cardiovascular and renal benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes, durable reduction of glycated hemoglobulin levels, important improvements of several components of the metabolic syndrome and beneficial effects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. OBJECTIVE Despite all of its established advantages, the controversy for an increased risk of developing bladder cancer, combined with the advent of newer drug classes that achieved major cardiorenal effects have significantly limited its use spreading a persistent shadow of doubt for its future role. METHODS Pubmed, Google and Scope databases have been thoroughly searched and relevant studies were selected. RESULTS This paper explores thoroughly both in vitro and in vivo (animal models and humans) studies that investigated the possible association of pioglitazone with bladder cancer. CONCLUSION Currently the association of pioglitazone with bladder cancer cannot be based on solid evidence. This evidence cannot justify its low clinical administration, especially in the present era of individualised treatment strategies. Definite clarification of this issue is imperative and urgently anticipated from future high quality and rigorous pharmacoepidemiologic research, keeping in mind its unique mechanism of action and its significant pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios S Papaetis
- Internal Medicine and Diabetes Clinic, Eleftherios Venizelos Avenue 62, Paphos, Cyprus.
- CDA College, 73 Democratias Avenue, Paphos, Cyprus
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16
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Alterations of Chromatin Regulators in the Pathogenesis of Urinary Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236040. [PMID: 34885146 PMCID: PMC8656749 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Urinary bladder cancer is one of the ten major cancers worldwide, with higher incidences in males, in smokers, and in highly industrialized countries. New therapies beyond cytotoxic chemotherapy are urgently needed to improve treatment of these tumors. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying their development may help in this regard. Recently, it was discovered that a group of proteins regulating the state of chromatin and thus gene expression is exceptionally and frequently affected by gene mutations in bladder cancers. Altered function of these mutated chromatin regulators must therefore be fundamental in their development, but how and why is poorly understood. Here we review the current knowledge on changes in chromatin regulators and discuss their possible consequences for bladder cancer development and options for new therapies. Abstract Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most frequent histological type of cancer in the urinary bladder. Genomic changes in UC activate MAPK and PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathways, which increase cell proliferation and survival, interfere with cell cycle and checkpoint control, and prevent senescence. A more recently discovered additional category of genetic changes in UC affects chromatin regulators, including histone-modifying enzymes (KMT2C, KMT2D, KDM6A, EZH2), transcription cofactors (CREBBP, EP300), and components of the chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF (ARID1A, SMARCA4). It is not yet well understood how these changes contribute to the development and progression of UC. Therefore, we review here the emerging knowledge on genomic and gene expression alterations of chromatin regulators and their consequences for cell differentiation, cellular plasticity, and clonal expansion during UC pathogenesis. Our analysis identifies additional relevant chromatin regulators and suggests a model for urothelial carcinogenesis as a basis for further mechanistic studies and targeted therapy development.
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17
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Development and validation of a novel lipid metabolism-related gene prognostic signature and candidate drugs for patients with bladder cancer. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:146. [PMID: 34706720 PMCID: PMC8549165 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a common cancer associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Increasing numbers of studies have demonstrated that lipid metabolism affects the progression and treatment of tumors. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the function and prognostic value of lipid metabolism-related genes in patients with bladder cancer. METHODS Lipid metabolism-related genes (LRGs) were acquired from the Molecular Signature Database (MSigDB). LRG mRNA expression and patient clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to construct a signature for predicting overall survival of patients with BLCA. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess prognosis. The connectivity Map (CMAP) database was used to identify small molecule drugs for treatment. A nomogram was constructed and assessed by combining the signature and other clinical factors. The CIBERSORT, MCPcounter, QUANTISEQ, XCELL, CIBERSORT-ABS, TIMER and EPIC algorithms were used to analyze the immunological characteristics. RESULTS An 11-LRG signature was successfully constructed and validated to predict the prognosis of BLCA patients. Furthermore, we also found that the 11-gene signature was an independent hazardous factor. Functional analysis suggested that the LRGs were closely related to the PPAR signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism and AMPK signaling pathway. The prognostic model was closely related to immune cell infiltration. Moreover, the expression of key immune checkpoint genes (PD1, CTLA4, PD-L1, LAG3, and HAVCR2) was higher in patients in the high-risk group than in those in the low-risk group. The prognostic signature based on 11-LRGs exhibited better performance in predicting overall survival than conventional clinical characteristics. Five small molecule drugs could be candidate drug treatments for BLCA patients based on the CMAP dataset. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the current study identified a reliable signature based on 11-LRGs for predicting the prognosis and response to immunotherapy in patients with BLCA. Five small molecule drugs were identified for the treatments of BLCA patients.
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