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Garczyk S, von Stillfried S, Antonopoulos W, Hartmann A, Schrauder MG, Fasching PA, Anzeneder T, Tannapfel A, Ergönenc Y, Knüchel R, Rose M, Dahl E. AGR3 in breast cancer: prognostic impact and suitable serum-based biomarker for early cancer detection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122106. [PMID: 25875093 PMCID: PMC4398490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-based early detection of breast cancer has recently gained novel momentum, as liquid biopsy diagnostics is a fast emerging field. In this study, we aimed to identify secreted proteins which are up-regulated both in tumour tissue and serum samples of breast cancer patients compared to normal tissue and sera. Based on two independent tissue cohorts (n = 75 and n = 229) and one serum cohort (n = 80) of human breast cancer and healthy serum samples, we characterised AGR3 as a novel potential biomarker both for breast cancer prognosis and early breast cancer detection from blood. AGR3 expression in breast tumours is significantly associated with oestrogen receptor α (P<0.001) and lower tumour grade (P<0.01). Interestingly, AGR3 protein expression correlates with unfavourable outcome in low (G1) and intermediate (G2) grade breast tumours (multivariate hazard ratio: 2.186, 95% CI: 1.008-4.740, P<0.05) indicating an independent prognostic impact. In sera analysed by ELISA technique, AGR3 protein concentration was significantly (P<0.001) elevated in samples from breast cancer patients (n = 40, mainly low stage tumours) compared to healthy controls (n = 40). To develop a suitable biomarker panel for early breast cancer detection, we measured AGR2 protein in human serum samples in parallel. The combined AGR3/AGR2 biomarker panel achieved a sensitivity of 64.5% and a specificity of 89.5% as shown by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve statistics. Thus our data clearly show the potential usability of AGR3 and AGR2 as biomarkers for blood-based early detection of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Garczyk
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Saskia von Stillfried
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Antonopoulos
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael G. Schrauder
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Anzeneder
- Patients' Tumor Bank of Hope (PATH) Foundation, München, Germany
| | - Andrea Tannapfel
- Institute of Pathology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany, on behalf of the PATH Biobank group
| | - Yavuz Ergönenc
- Department for Senology, St Anna Hospital, Herne, Germany, on behalf of the PATH Biobank group
| | - Ruth Knüchel
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Rose
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Edgar Dahl
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Stojadinovic A, Avital I, Wallace TJ, Peoples GE, Steele S. Special issue on current challenges and future directions in monitoring responses after treatment of primary cancer. J Cancer 2014; 5:1-2. [PMID: 24396493 PMCID: PMC3881216 DOI: 10.7150/jca.7609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Itzhak Avital
- 1. Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Bon Secours Health System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Timothy J Wallace
- 1. Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Bon Secours Health System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - George E Peoples
- 2. Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott Steele
- 2. Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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