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Wen W, Ertas YN, Erdem A, Zhang Y. Dysregulation of autophagy in gastric carcinoma: Pathways to tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 591:216857. [PMID: 38583648 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The considerable death rates and lack of symptoms in early stages of gastric cancer (GC) make it a major health problem worldwide. One of the most prominent risk factors is infection with Helicobacter pylori. Many biological processes, including those linked with cell death, are disrupted in GC. The cellular "self-digestion" mechanism necessary for regular balance maintenance, autophagy, is at the center of this disturbance. Misregulation of autophagy, however, plays a role in the development of GC. In this review, we will examine how autophagy interacts with other cell death processes, such as apoptosis and ferroptosis, and how it affects the progression of GC. In addition to wonderful its role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, it is engaged in GC metastasis. The role of autophagy in GC in promoting drug resistance stands out. There is growing interest in modulating autophagy for GC treatment, with research focusing on natural compounds, small-molecule inhibitors, and nanoparticles. These approaches could lead to breakthroughs in GC therapy, offering new hope in the fight against this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Erdem
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe Campus, Kocaeli, 41001 Turkey.
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Lin X, Qureshi MZ, Tahir F, Yilmaz S, Romero MA, Attar R, Farooqi AA. Role of melatonin in carcinogenesis and metastasis: From mechanistic insights to intermeshed networks of noncoding RNAs. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3995. [PMID: 38751103 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, seminal studies have been devoted to unraveling the puzzling mysteries associated with the cancer preventive/inhibitory role of melatonin. Our current knowledge of the translational mechanisms and the detailed structural insights have highlighted the characteristically exclusive role of melatonin in the inhibition of carcinogenesis and metastatic dissemination. This mini-review outlines recent discoveries related to mechanistic role of melatonin in prevention of carcinogenesis and metastasis. Moreover, another exciting facet of this mini-review is related to phenomenal breakthroughs linked with regulation of noncoding RNAs by melatonin in wide variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiukun Lin
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Muhammad Zahid Qureshi
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Tahir
- Rashid Latif Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Seher Yilmaz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Mirna Azalea Romero
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Acapulco, Guerrero, México
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ammad A Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Jurjus A, El Masri J, Ghazi M, El Ayoubi LM, Soueid L, Gerges Geagea A, Jurjus R. Mechanism of Action of Melatonin as a Potential Adjuvant Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2024; 16:1236. [PMID: 38674926 PMCID: PMC11054672 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a continuum of chronic inflammatory diseases, is tightly associated with immune system dysregulation and dysbiosis, leading to inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and multiple extraintestinal manifestations. The pathogenesis of IBD is not completely elucidated. However, it is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), which is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies. In both IBD and CRC, a complex interplay occurs between the immune system and gut microbiota (GM), leading to the alteration in GM composition. Melatonin, a neuroendocrine hormone, was found to be involved with this interplay, especially since it is present in high amounts in the gut, leading to some protective effects. Actually, melatonin enhances the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier, regulates the immune response, alleviates inflammation, and attenuates oxidative stress. Thereby, the authors summarize the multifactorial interaction of melatonin with IBD and with CRC, focusing on new findings related to the mechanisms of action of this hormone, in addition to its documented positive outcomes on the treatment of these two pathologies and possible future perspectives to use melatonin as an adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.G.); (R.J.)
| | - Jad El Masri
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.G.); (R.J.)
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon;
| | - Maya Ghazi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.G.); (R.J.)
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon;
| | | | - Lara Soueid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.G.); (R.J.)
| | - Alice Gerges Geagea
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.G.); (R.J.)
| | - Rosalyn Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.G.); (R.J.)
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Li L, Lin M, Luo J, Sun H, Zhang Z, Lin D, Chen L, Feng S, Lin X, Zhou R, Song J. Loss of keratin 23 enhances growth inhibitory effect of melatonin in gastric cancer. Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:22. [PMID: 38099343 PMCID: PMC10784722 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of keratin 23 (KRT23) on the anticancer activity of melatonin (MLT) against gastric cancer (GC) cells, microarray analysis was applied to screen differentially expressed genes in AGS GC cells following MLT treatment. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of KRT23 in GC cells and normal gastric epithelial cell line GES‑1. KRT23 knockout was achieved by CRISPR/Cas9. Assays of cell viability, colony formation, cell cycle, electric cell‑substrate impedance sensing and western blotting were conducted to reveal the biological functions of KRT23‑knockout cells without or with MLT treatment. Genes downregulated by MLT were enriched in purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, genetic information processing and cell cycle pathway. Expression levels of KRT23 were downregulated by MLT treatment. Expression levels of KRT23 in AGS and SNU‑216 GC cell lines were significantly higher compared with normal gastric epithelial cell line GES‑1. KRT23 knockout led to reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38, arrest of the cell cycle and inhibition of GC cell proliferation. Moreover, KRT23 knockout further enhanced the inhibitory activity of MLT on the tumor cell proliferation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38/ERK. KRT23 knockout contributes to the antitumor effects of MLT in GC via suppressing p38/ERK phosphorylation. In the future, KRT23 might be a potential prognostic biomarker and a novel molecular target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
| | - Meifang Lin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
| | - Huaqin Sun
- Center of Translational Hematology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
| | - Dacen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
| | - Lushan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Sisi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
| | - Xiuping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
| | - Ruixiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
| | - Jun Song
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
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