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Zhang Z, Yu C, Wu Y, Wang Z, Xu H, Yan Y, Zhan Z, Yin S. Semiconducting polymer dots for multifunctional integrated nanomedicine carriers. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101028. [PMID: 38590985 PMCID: PMC11000120 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The expansion applications of semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) among optical nanomaterial field have long posed a challenge for researchers, promoting their intelligent application in multifunctional nano-imaging systems and integrated nanomedicine carriers for diagnosis and treatment. Despite notable progress, several inadequacies still persist in the field of Pdots, including the development of simplified near-infrared (NIR) optical nanoprobes, elucidation of their inherent biological behavior, and integration of information processing and nanotechnology into biomedical applications. This review aims to comprehensively elucidate the current status of Pdots as a classical nanophotonic material by discussing its advantages and limitations in terms of biocompatibility, adaptability to microenvironments in vivo, etc. Multifunctional integration and surface chemistry play crucial roles in realizing the intelligent application of Pdots. Information visualization based on their optical and physicochemical properties is pivotal for achieving detection, sensing, and labeling probes. Therefore, we have refined the underlying mechanisms and constructed multiple comprehensive original mechanism summaries to establish a benchmark. Additionally, we have explored the cross-linking interactions between Pdots and nanomedicine, potential yet complete biological metabolic pathways, future research directions, and innovative solutions for integrating diagnosis and treatment strategies. This review presents the possible expectations and valuable insights for advancing Pdots, specifically from chemical, medical, and photophysical practitioners' standpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery II, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Chenhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronic, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, No.2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Yuyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronic, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, No.2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronic, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, No.2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Haotian Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Third Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, PR China
| | - Yining Yan
- Department of Radiology, The Third Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, PR China
| | - Zhixin Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Shengyan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronic, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, No.2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
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Choudhury H, Pandey M, Saravanan V, Mun ATY, Bhattamisra SK, Parikh A, Garg S, Gorain B. Recent progress of targeted nanocarriers in diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic applications in colorectal cancer. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213556. [PMID: 37478770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer at the lower end of the digestive tract, colorectal cancer (CRC), starts with asymptomatic polyps, which can be diagnosed as cancer at a later stage. It is the fourth leading cause of malignancy-associated mortality worldwide. Despite progress in conventional treatment strategies, the possibility to overcome the mortality and morbidity issues with the enhancement of the lifespan of CRC patients is limited. With the advent of nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems, a promising revolution has been made in diagnosis, treatment, and theranostic purposes for cancer management. Herein, we reviewed the progress of miniaturized nanocarriers, such as liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles, employed in passive and active targeting and their role in theranostic applications in CRC. With this novel scope, the diagnosis and treatment of CRC have proceeded to the forefront of innovation, where specific characteristics of the nanocarriers, such as processability, flexibility in developing precise architecture, improved circulation, site-specific delivery, and rapid response, facilitate the management of cancer patients. Furthermore, surface-engineered technologies for the nanocarriers could involve receptor-mediated deliveries towards the overexpressed receptors on the CRC microenvironment. Moreover, the potential of clinical translation of these targeted miniaturized formulations as well as the possible limitations and barriers that could impact this translation into clinical practice were highlighted. The advancement of these newest developments in clinical research and progress into the commercialization stage gives hope for a better tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Vilashini Saravanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amanda Tan Yee Mun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ankit Parikh
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India.
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Najafabad BK, Attaran N, Mahmoudi M, Sazgarnia A. Effect of photothermal and photodynamic therapy with cobalt ferrite superparamagnetic nanoparticles loaded with ICG and PpIX on cancer stem cells in MDA-MB-231 and A375 cell lines. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103648. [PMID: 37315828 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells are resistant to treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy due to their characteristics such as self-renewal, high proliferation and other resistance mechanisms. To overcome this resistance, we combined a light-based treatment with nanoparticles to get advantage of both PDT and PTT in order to increase efficiency and beater outcome. METHODS AND MATERIAL After synthesis and characterization of CoFe2O4@citric@PEG@ICG@ PpIX NPs, their dark cytotoxicity concentration was determined with MTT assay. Then light-base treatments were performed by two different light source for MDA-MB-231 and A375 cell lines. After treatment, the results were evaluated 48 h and 24 h after treatment by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Among CSCs defined markers, CD44, CD24 and CD133 are the most widely-used markers in CSC research and are also therapeutic targets in cancers. So we used proper antibodies to detect CSCs. Then indexes like ED50, synergism defined to evaluated the treatment. RESULTS ROS production and temperature increase have a direct relationship with exposure time. In both cell lines, the death rate in combinational treatment (PDT/PTT) is higher than single treatment and the amount of cells with CD44+CD24- and CD133+CD44+ markers has decreased. According to the synergism index, conjugated NPs show a high efficiency in use in light-based treatments. This index was higher in cell line MDA-MB-231 than A375. And the ED50 is proof of the high sensitivity of A375 cell line compared to MDA-MB-231 in PDT and PTT. CONCLUSION Conjugated NPs along with combined photothermal and photodynamic therapies may play an important role in eradication CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Khalili Najafabad
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Attaran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ameneh Sazgarnia
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Variable Molecular Weight Polymer Nanoparticles for Detection and Hyperthermia-Induced Chemotherapy of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174472. [PMID: 34503282 PMCID: PMC8431470 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The purpose of this work was to evaluate the development of polymer-based nanoparticles that can both generate heat and be used for fluorescence detection. The nanoparticles were used against luminescent colorectal cancer cells that were either sensitive or resistant to the chemotherapy drug, oxaliplatin. The fluorescence of the nanoparticles indicates that they are internalized within the cells for heat generation. Mild heating makes oxaliplatin-resistant cancer cells responsive to chemotherapy, and the nanoparticle-induced hyperthermia causes cell death in a few minutes, compared to classical bulk heating, which takes a few hours. Changes in the luminescence of the cancer cells can be used to determine the thermal dose induced by the nanoparticles, which may be correlated with the cell viability and therapeutic response. Abstract Oxaliplatin plays a significant role as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, oxaliplatin-resistant phenotypes make further treatment challenging. Here, we have demonstrated that rapid (60 s) hyperthermia (42 °C), generated by the near-infrared stimulation of variable molecular weight nanoparticles (VMWNPs), increases the effectiveness of oxaliplatin in the oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cells. VMWNP-induced hyperthermia resulted in a higher cell death in comparison to cells exposed to chemotherapy at 42 °C for 2 h. Fluorescence from VMWNPs was observed inside cells, which allows for the detection of CRC. The work further demonstrates that the intracellular thermal dose can be determined using cell luminescence and correlated with the cell viability and response to VMWNP-induced chemotherapy. Mild heating makes oxaliplatin-resistant cancer cells responsive to chemotherapy, and the VMWNPs-induced hyperthermia can induce cell death in a few minutes, compared to classical bulk heating. The results presented here lay the foundation for photothermal polymer nanoparticles to be used for cell ablation and augmenting chemotherapy in drug-resistant colorectal cancer cells.
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McCarthy B, Singh R, Levi-Polyachenko N. Oxaliplatin-resistant colorectal cancer models for nanoparticle hyperthermia. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 38:152-164. [PMID: 33576281 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2021.1876253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is complicated by chemotherapy-resistant cell populations. Oxaliplatin is used in heated intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemoperfusion (HIPEC) for treatment of disseminated CRC. Photothermal nanoparticles can provide focal heating to improve the response of CRC cells to oxaliplatin, by confining heating near individual cells. Reduction in cellular luciferase signal may allow single-cell-resolution recording of thermal dosimetry. METHODS Oxaliplatin resistant (OxR) variants of luciferase-expressing CT26.WT-Fluc-Neo CRC cells were developed and their sensitivity to hyperthermia was evaluated. Polymer-based photothermal nanoparticles were developed, characterized and used to explore their potential for imparting a thermal dose to improve cell response to oxaliplatin. A correlation of thermal dose to intracellular luciferase activity was established using quantitative luminescence monitoring and microscopy. RESULTS Luciferase-based monitoring of thermal dose within CT26 cell lines was validated within the ranges of 0.04-8.33 CEM43 for parental cells and 0.05-9.74 CEM43 for OxR CT26 cells. This was further confirmed using nanoparticle-induced hyperthermia, where the single-cell resolution of the thermal dose can be achieved. The nanoparticles enhance cell killing of resistant cells when combined with oxaliplatin and stimulated to generate heat. CONCLUSION Nanoparticle-based hyperthermia is effective for augmenting chemotherapy and can be coupled with reductions in CT26 luciferase expression to monitor thermal dose at single-cell resolution. The development of OxR CT26.WT-Fluc-Neo CRC cells sets the stage for pre-clinical evaluations to measure nanoparticle-induced hyperthermia to augment chemotherapy (Nano-HIPEC) in a chemotherapy-resistant model of disseminated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce McCarthy
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Nicole Levi-Polyachenko
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Ceelen W, Demuytere J, de Hingh I. Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: A Critical Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133114. [PMID: 34206563 PMCID: PMC8268659 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with cancer of the digestive system or ovarian cancer are at risk of developing peritoneal metastases (PM). In some patients with PM, surgery followed by intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy has emerged as a valid treatment option. The addition of hyperthermia is thought to further enhance the efficacy of IP chemotherapy. However, the results of recent clinical trials in large bowel cancer have put into question the use of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Here, we review the rationale and current results of HIPEC for PM and propose a roadmap to further progress. Abstract With increasing awareness amongst physicians and improved radiological imaging techniques, the peritoneal cavity is increasingly recognized as an important metastatic site in various malignancies. Prognosis of these patients is usually poor as traditional treatment including surgical resection or systemic treatment is relatively ineffective. Intraperitoneal delivery of chemotherapeutic agents is thought to be an attractive alternative as this results in high tumor tissue concentrations with limited systemic exposure. The addition of hyperthermia aims to potentiate the anti-tumor effects of chemotherapy, resulting in the concept of heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for the treatment of peritoneal metastases as it was developed about 3 decades ago. With increasing experience, HIPEC has become a safe and accepted treatment offered in many centers around the world. However, standardization of the technique has been poor and results from clinical trials have been equivocal. As a result, the true value of HIPEC in the treatment of peritoneal metastases remains a matter of debate. The current review aims to provide a critical overview of the theoretical concept and preclinical and clinical study results, to outline areas of persisting uncertainty, and to propose a framework to better define the role of HIPEC in the treatment of peritoneal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Ceelen
- Department of GI Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9332-6251
| | - Jesse Demuytere
- Department of GI Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ignace de Hingh
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Cancer Institute, PO Box 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
- GROW—School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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McCarthy B, Cudykier A, Singh R, Levi-Polyachenko N, Soker S. Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for photothermal ablation of colorectal cancer organoids. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1532. [PMID: 33452397 PMCID: PMC7810691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81122-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment is currently hindered by micrometastatic relapse that cannot be removed completely during surgery and is often chemotherapy resistant. Targeted theranostic nanoparticles (NPs) that can produce heat for ablation and enable tumor visualization via their fluorescence offer advantages for detection and treatment of disseminated small nodules. A major hurdle in clinical translation of nanoparticles is their interaction with the 3D tumor microenvironment. To address this problem tumor organoid technology was used to evaluate the ablative potential of CD44-targeted polymer nanoparticles using hyaluronic acid (HA) as the targeting agent and coating it onto hybrid donor acceptor polymer particles (HDAPPs) to form HA-HDAPPs. Additionally, nanoparticles composed from only the photothermal polymer, poly[4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole-4,7-diyl] (PCPDTBSe), were also coated with HA, to form HA-BSe NPs, and evaluated in 3D. Monitoring of nanoparticle transport in 3D organoids revealed uniform diffusion of non-targeted HDAPPs in comparison to attenuated diffusion of HA-HDAPPs due to nanoparticle-matrix interactions. Computational diffusion profiles suggested that HA-HDAPPs transport may not be accounted for by diffusion alone, which is indicative of nanoparticle/cell matrix interactions. Photothermal activation revealed that only HA-BSe NPs were able to significantly reduce tumor cell viability in the organoids. Despite limited transport of the CD44-targeted theranostic nanoparticles, their targeted retention provides increased heat for enhanced photothermal ablation in 3D, which is beneficial for assessing nanoparticle therapies prior to in vivo testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce McCarthy
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Amit Cudykier
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center at Wake Forest Baptist Medical, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Nicole Levi-Polyachenko
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center at Wake Forest Baptist Medical, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Shay Soker
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center at Wake Forest Baptist Medical, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
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Nicolson F, Ali A, Kircher MF, Pal S. DNA Nanostructures and DNA-Functionalized Nanoparticles for Cancer Theranostics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001669. [PMID: 33304747 PMCID: PMC7709992 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, DNA has attracted significant attention toward the development of materials at the nanoscale for emerging applications due to the unparalleled versatility and programmability of DNA building blocks. DNA-based artificial nanomaterials can be broadly classified into two categories: DNA nanostructures (DNA-NSs) and DNA-functionalized nanoparticles (DNA-NPs). More importantly, their use in nanotheranostics, a field that combines diagnostics with therapy via drug or gene delivery in an all-in-one platform, has been applied extensively in recent years to provide personalized cancer treatments. Conveniently, the ease of attachment of both imaging and therapeutic moieties to DNA-NSs or DNA-NPs enables high biostability, biocompatibility, and drug loading capabilities, and as a consequence, has markedly catalyzed the rapid growth of this field. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent progress of DNA-NSs and DNA-NPs as theranostic agents, the use of DNA-NSs and DNA-NPs as gene and drug delivery platforms, and a perspective on their clinical translation in the realm of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fay Nicolson
- Department of ImagingDana‐Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02215USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging and NanotechnologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY10065USA
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology‐ BhilaiRaipurChhattisgarh492015India
| | - Moritz F. Kircher
- Department of ImagingDana‐Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02215USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging and NanotechnologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY10065USA
- Department of RadiologyBrigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02215USA
| | - Suchetan Pal
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology‐ BhilaiRaipurChhattisgarh492015India
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