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Tierno D, Grassi G, Zanconati F, Dapas B, Scaggiante B. Plasma Circular RNAs as Biomarkers for Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12:875. [PMID: 38672229 PMCID: PMC11048241 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is currently the most common neoplasm, the second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide, and is a major health problem. The discovery of new biomarkers is crucial to improve our knowledge of breast cancer and strengthen our clinical approaches to diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up. In recent decades, there has been increasing interest in circulating RNA (circRNA) as modulators of gene expression involved in tumor development and progression. The study of circulating circRNAs (ccircRNAs) in plasma may provide new non-invasive diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for BC. This review describes the latest findings on BC-associated ccircRNAs in plasma and their clinical utility. Several ccircRNAs in plasma have shown great potential as BC biomarkers, especially from a diagnostic point of view. Mechanistically, most of the reported BC-associated ccircRNAs are involved in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation, and invasion, mainly via MAPK/AKT signaling pathways. However, the study of circRNAs is a relatively new area of research, and a larger number of studies will be crucial to confirm their potential as plasma biomarkers and to understand their involvement in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tierno
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (D.T.); (G.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (D.T.); (G.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (D.T.); (G.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Barbara Dapas
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Bruna Scaggiante
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 28, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
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Jain M, Atayan D, Rakhmatullin T, Dakhtler T, Popov P, Kim P, Viborniy M, Gontareva I, Samokhodskaya L, Egorov V. Cell-Free Tumor DNA Detection-Based Liquid Biopsy of Plasma and Bile in Patients with Various Pancreatic Neoplasms. Biomedicines 2024; 12:220. [PMID: 38255325 PMCID: PMC10813046 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The key challenge of cell-free tumor DNA (cftDNA) analysis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is overcoming its low detection rate, which is mainly explained by the overall scarcity of this biomarker in plasma. Obstructive jaundice is a frequent event in PDAC, which enables bile collection as a part of routine treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of KRAS-mutated cftDNA detection-based liquid biopsy of plasma and bile in patients with pancreatic neoplasms using digital droplet PCR. The study included healthy volunteers (n = 38), patients with PDAC (n = 95, of which 20 had obstructive jaundice) and other pancreatic neoplasms (OPN) (n = 18). The sensitivity and specificity compared to the control group were 61% and 100% (AUC-ROC-0.805), and compared to the OPN group, they were 61% and 94% (AUC-ROC-0.794), respectively. Bile exhibited higher cftDNA levels than plasma (248.6 [6.743; 1068] vs. 3.26 [0; 19.225] copies/mL) and a two-fold higher detection rate (p < 0.01). Plasma cftDNA levels were associated with distant metastases, tumor size, and CA 19-9 (p < 0.05). The probability of survival was worse in patients with higher levels of cftDNA in plasma (hazard ratio-2.4; 95% CI: 1.3-4.6; p = 0.005) but not in bile (p > 0.05). Bile is a promising alternative to plasma in patients with obstructive jaundice, at least for the diagnostic purposes of liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Jain
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - David Atayan
- Joint Stock Company “Ilyinsky Hospital”, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.); (T.D.); (P.P.); (P.K.); (M.V.); (I.G.); (V.E.)
| | - Tagir Rakhmatullin
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatyana Dakhtler
- Joint Stock Company “Ilyinsky Hospital”, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.); (T.D.); (P.P.); (P.K.); (M.V.); (I.G.); (V.E.)
| | - Pavel Popov
- Joint Stock Company “Ilyinsky Hospital”, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.); (T.D.); (P.P.); (P.K.); (M.V.); (I.G.); (V.E.)
| | - Pavel Kim
- Joint Stock Company “Ilyinsky Hospital”, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.); (T.D.); (P.P.); (P.K.); (M.V.); (I.G.); (V.E.)
| | - Mikhail Viborniy
- Joint Stock Company “Ilyinsky Hospital”, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.); (T.D.); (P.P.); (P.K.); (M.V.); (I.G.); (V.E.)
| | - Iuliia Gontareva
- Joint Stock Company “Ilyinsky Hospital”, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.); (T.D.); (P.P.); (P.K.); (M.V.); (I.G.); (V.E.)
| | - Larisa Samokhodskaya
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vyacheslav Egorov
- Joint Stock Company “Ilyinsky Hospital”, 143421 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.); (T.D.); (P.P.); (P.K.); (M.V.); (I.G.); (V.E.)
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3
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Rayamajhi S, Sipes J, Tetlow AL, Saha S, Bansal A, Godwin AK. Extracellular Vesicles as Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers across the Cancer Journey: From Early Detection to Recurrence. Clin Chem 2024; 70:206-219. [PMID: 38175602 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a dynamic process and thus requires highly informative and reliable biomarkers to help guide patient care. Liquid-based biopsies have emerged as a clinical tool for tracking cancer dynamics. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid bilayer delimited particles secreted by cells, are a new class of liquid-based biomarkers. EVs are rich in selectively sorted biomolecule cargos, which provide a spatiotemporal fingerprint of the cell of origin, including cancer cells. CONTENT This review summarizes the performance characteristics of EV-based biomarkers at different stages of cancer progression, from early malignancy to recurrence, while emphasizing their potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and screening biomarkers. We discuss the characteristics of effective biomarkers, consider challenges associated with the EV biomarker field, and report guidelines based on the biomarker discovery pipeline. SUMMARY Basic science and clinical trial studies have shown the potential of EVs as precision-based biomarkers for tracking cancer status, with promising applications for diagnosing disease, predicting response to therapy, and tracking disease burden. The multi-analyte cargos of EVs enhance the performance characteristics of biomarkers. Recent technological advances in ultrasensitive detection of EVs have shown promise with high specificity and sensitivity to differentiate early-cancer cases vs healthy individuals, potentially outperforming current gold-standard imaging-based cancer diagnosis. Ultimately, clinical translation will be dictated by how these new EV biomarker-based platforms perform in larger sample cohorts. Applying ultrasensitive, scalable, and reproducible EV detection platforms with better design considerations based upon the biomarker discovery pipeline should guide the field towards clinically useful liquid biopsy biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Rayamajhi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Jared Sipes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Ashley L Tetlow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Souvik Saha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Ajay Bansal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, United States
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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Stosic K, Senar OA, Tarfouss J, Bouchart C, Navez J, Van Laethem JL, Arsenijevic T. A Comprehensive Review of the Potential Role of Liquid Biopsy as a Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Biomarker in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cells 2023; 13:3. [PMID: 38201207 PMCID: PMC10778087 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal malignant diseases, with a mortality rate being close to incidence. Due to its heterogeneity and plasticity, as well as the lack of distinct symptoms in the early phases, it is very often diagnosed at an advanced stage, resulting in poor prognosis. Traditional tissue biopsies remain the gold standard for making a diagnosis, but have an obvious disadvantage in their inapplicability for frequent sampling. Blood-based biopsies represent a non-invasive method which potentially offers easy and repeated sampling, leading to the early detection and real-time monitoring of the disease and hopefully an accurate prognosis. Given the urgent need for a reliable biomarker that can estimate a patient's condition and response to an assigned treatment, blood-based biopsies are emerging as a potential new tool for improving patients' survival and surveillance. In this article, we discuss the current advances and challenges in using liquid biopsies for pancreatic cancer, focusing on circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and circulating tumour cells (CTCs), and compare the performance and reliability of different biomarkers and combinations of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosta Stosic
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Oier Azurmendi Senar
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Jawad Tarfouss
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Christelle Bouchart
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Navez
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Van Laethem
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Oncology, Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tatjana Arsenijevic
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium (O.A.S.); (C.B.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Oncology, Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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Chu PY, Nguyen TNA, Wu AY, Huang PS, Huang KL, Liao CJ, Hsieh CH, Wu MH. The Utilization of Optically Induced Dielectrophoresis (ODEP)-Based Cell Manipulation in a Microfluidic System for the Purification and Sorting of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) with Different Sizes. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2170. [PMID: 38138338 PMCID: PMC10745986 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) at the molecular level holds great promise for several clinical applications. For this goal, the harvest of high-purity, size-sorted CTCs with different subtypes from a blood sample are important. For this purpose, a two-step CTC isolation protocol was proposed, by which the immunomagnetic beads-based cell separation was first utilized to remove the majority of blood cells. After that, an optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) microfluidic system was developed to (1) purify the CTCs from the remaining magnetic microbeads-bound blood cells and to (2) sort and separate the CTCs with different sizes. In this study, the ODEP microfluidic system was designed and fabricated. Moreover, its optimum operation conditions and performance were explored. The results exhibited that the presented technique was able to purify and sort the cancer cells with two different sizes from a tested cell suspension in a high-purity (93.5% and 90.1% for the OECM 1 and HA22T cancer cells, respectively) manner. Overall, this study presented a technique for the purification and sorting of cancer cells with different sizes. Apart from this application, the technique is also useful for other applications in which the high-purity and label-free purification and sorting of cells with different sizes is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Chu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.N.A.N.); (A.-Y.W.); (P.-S.H.); (K.-L.H.)
| | - Thi Ngoc Anh Nguyen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.N.A.N.); (A.-Y.W.); (P.-S.H.); (K.-L.H.)
| | - Ai-Yun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.N.A.N.); (A.-Y.W.); (P.-S.H.); (K.-L.H.)
| | - Po-Shuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.N.A.N.); (A.-Y.W.); (P.-S.H.); (K.-L.H.)
| | - Kai-Lin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.N.A.N.); (A.-Y.W.); (P.-S.H.); (K.-L.H.)
| | - Chia-Jung Liao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei City Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsien Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.N.A.N.); (A.-Y.W.); (P.-S.H.); (K.-L.H.)
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei City Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
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Alexandrou G, Mantikas KT, Allsopp R, Yapeter CA, Jahin M, Melnick T, Ali S, Coombes RC, Toumazou C, Shaw JA, Kalofonou M. The Evolution of Affordable Technologies in Liquid Biopsy Diagnostics: The Key to Clinical Implementation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5434. [PMID: 38001698 PMCID: PMC10670715 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, despite many advances in diagnosis and treatment. Precision medicine has been a key area of focus, with research providing insights and progress in helping to lower cancer mortality through better patient stratification for therapies and more precise diagnostic techniques. However, unequal access to cancer care is still a global concern, with many patients having limited access to diagnostic tests and treatment regimens. Noninvasive liquid biopsy (LB) technology can determine tumour-specific molecular alterations in peripheral samples. This allows clinicians to infer knowledge at a DNA or cellular level, which can be used to screen individuals with high cancer risk, personalize treatments, monitor treatment response, and detect metastasis early. As scientific understanding of cancer pathology increases, LB technologies that utilize circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have evolved over the course of research. These technologies incorporate tumour-specific markers into molecular testing platforms. For clinical translation and maximum patient benefit at a wider scale, the accuracy, accessibility, and affordability of LB tests need to be prioritized and compared with gold standard methodologies in current use. In this review, we highlight the range of technologies in LB diagnostics and discuss the future prospects of LB through the anticipated evolution of current technologies and the integration of emerging and novel ones. This could potentially allow a more cost-effective model of cancer care to be widely adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Alexandrou
- Centre For Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BT, UK; (K.-T.M.); (C.A.Y.); (M.J.); (T.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Katerina-Theresa Mantikas
- Centre For Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BT, UK; (K.-T.M.); (C.A.Y.); (M.J.); (T.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Rebecca Allsopp
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK; (R.A.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Calista Adele Yapeter
- Centre For Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BT, UK; (K.-T.M.); (C.A.Y.); (M.J.); (T.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Myesha Jahin
- Centre For Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BT, UK; (K.-T.M.); (C.A.Y.); (M.J.); (T.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Taryn Melnick
- Centre For Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BT, UK; (K.-T.M.); (C.A.Y.); (M.J.); (T.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (S.A.); (R.C.C.)
| | - R. Charles Coombes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (S.A.); (R.C.C.)
| | - Christofer Toumazou
- Centre For Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BT, UK; (K.-T.M.); (C.A.Y.); (M.J.); (T.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Jacqueline A. Shaw
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK; (R.A.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Melpomeni Kalofonou
- Centre For Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BT, UK; (K.-T.M.); (C.A.Y.); (M.J.); (T.M.); (C.T.)
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7
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Trivedi R, Bhat KP. Liquid biopsy: creating opportunities in brain space. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1727-1746. [PMID: 37752289 PMCID: PMC10667495 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, liquid biopsy has emerged as an alternative method to diagnose and monitor tumors. Compared to classical tissue biopsy procedures, liquid biopsy facilitates the repetitive collection of diverse cellular and acellular analytes from various biofluids in a non/minimally invasive manner. This strategy is of greater significance for high-grade brain malignancies such as glioblastoma as the quantity and accessibility of tumors are limited, and there are collateral risks of compromised life quality coupled with surgical interventions. Currently, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are the most common biofluids used to collect circulating cells and biomolecules of tumor origin. These liquid biopsy analytes have created opportunities for real-time investigations of distinct genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics alterations associated with brain tumors. This review describes different classes of liquid biopsy biomarkers present in the biofluids of brain tumor patients. Moreover, an overview of the liquid biopsy applications, challenges, recent technological advances, and clinical trials in the brain have also been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Trivedi
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Krishna P Bhat
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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8
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Zhang D, Lin J, Xu Y, Wu X, Xu X, Xie Y, Pan T, He Y, Luo J, Zhang Z, Fan L, Li S, Chen T, Wu A, Shao G. A novel dual-function SERS-based identification strategy for preliminary screening and accurate diagnosis of circulating tumor cells. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9666-9675. [PMID: 37779509 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01545a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-specific adsorption of bioprobes based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology inevitably endows white blood cells (WBC) in the peripheral blood with Raman signals, which greatly interfere the identification accuracy of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). In this study, an innovative strategy was proposed to effectively identify CTCs by using SERS technology assisted by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Firstly, a magnetic Fe3O4-Au complex SERS bioprobe was developed, which could effectively capture the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and endow the tumor cells with distinct SERS signals. Then, the ROC curve obtained based on the comparison of SERS intensity of TNBC cells and WBC was used to construct a tumor cell identification model. The merit of the model was that the detection sensitivity and specificity could be intelligently switched according to different identification purposes such as accurate diagnosis or preliminary screening of tumor cells. Finally, the difunctional recognition ability of the model for accurate diagnosis and preliminary screening of tumor cells was further validated by using the healthy human blood added with TNBC cells and blood samples of real tumor patients. This novel difunctional identification strategy provides a new perspective for identification of CTCs based on the SERS technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinghu Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
- Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Lin
- Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
- Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
- Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, P. R. China
| | - Xiawei Xu
- Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, P. R. China
| | - Yujiao Xie
- Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, P. R. China
| | - Ting Pan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
| | - Yiwei He
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
| | - Zhewei Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
| | - LinYin Fan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
| | - Shunxiang Li
- Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, P. R. China
| | - Tianxiang Chen
- Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, P. R. China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, CAS, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516000, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Shao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
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9
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Zhu J, Zhang S, Wang R, Fang R, Lei L, Zheng J, Chen Z. Urine based near-infrared spectroscopy analysis reveals a noninvasive and convenient diagnosis method for cancers: a pilot study. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15895. [PMID: 37667750 PMCID: PMC10475272 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The challenges in cancer diagnosis underline the need for continued research and development of new diagnostic tools and methods. This study aims to explore an effective, noninvasive, and convenient diagnostic tool using urine based near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis combined with machine learning algorithm. Methods Urine samples were collected from a total of 327 participants, including 181 cancer cases and 146 healthy controls. These participants were randomly spit into train set (n = 218) and test set (n = 109). NIRS analysis (4,000 ∼10,000 cm-1) was performed for each sample in both train and test sets. Five pretreatment methods, including Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing, multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), baseline removal (BSL) with fitting polynomials to be used as baselines, the first derivative (DERIV1), and the second derivative (DERIV2), and combination with "scaling" and "center", were investigated. Then partial least-squares (PLS) and linear support-vector machine (SVM) classification models were established, and prediction performance was evaluated in test set. Results NIRS had greatly overlapping in peaks, and PCA analysis failed in separation between cancers and healthy controls. In modeling with urine based NIRS data, PLS model showed its highest prediction accuracy of 0.780, with DERIV2, "scaling" and "center" pretreatment, while linear SVM displayed its best prediction accuracy of 0.844, with raw NIRS. With optimization in SVM, the prediction accuracy could improve to 0.862, when the top 262 features were involved as variables. Discussion This pilot study combining urine based NIRS analysis and machine learning is effective and convenient that might facilitate in cancer diagnosis, encouraging further evaluation with a large-size multi-center study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruting Wang
- Experimental Research Center, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruhua Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan Lei
- Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji Zheng
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Experimental Research Center, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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10
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Dowling LM, Roach P, Magnussen EA, Kohler A, Pillai S, van Pittius DG, Yousef I, Sulé-Suso J. Fourier Transform Infrared microspectroscopy identifies single cancer cells in blood. A feasibility study towards liquid biopsy. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289824. [PMID: 37616300 PMCID: PMC10449207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of cancer patients has markedly improved with the advent of personalised medicine where treatments are given based on tumour antigen expression amongst other. Within this remit, liquid biopsies will no doubt improve this personalised cancer management. Identifying circulating tumour cells in blood allows a better assessment for tumour screening, staging, response to treatment and follow up. However, methods to identify/capture these circulating tumour cells using cancer cells' antigen expression or their physical properties are not robust enough. Thus, a methodology that can identify these circulating tumour cells in blood regardless of the type of tumour is highly needed. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy, which can separate cells based on their biochemical composition, could be such technique. In this feasibility study, we studied lung cancer cells (squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma) mixed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The data obtained shows, for the first time, that FTIR microspectroscopy together with Random Forest classifier is able to identify a single lung cancer cell in blood. This separation was easier when the region of the IR spectra containing lipids and the amide A (2700 to 3500 cm-1) was used. Furthermore, this work was carried out using glass coverslips as substrates that are widely used in pathology departments. This allows further histopathological cell analysis (staining, immunohistochemistry, …) after FTIR spectra are obtained. Hence, although further work is needed using blood samples from patients with cancer, FTIR microspectroscopy could become another tool to be used in liquid biopsies for the identification of circulating tumour cells, and in the personalised management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis M. Dowling
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Roach
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Eirik A. Magnussen
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Srinivas Pillai
- Haematology Department, Royal Stoke University Hospital, University Hospitals of North Midlands (UHNM), Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel G. van Pittius
- Histopathology Department, Royal Stoke University Hospital, University Hospitals of North Midlands (UHNM), Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Ibraheem Yousef
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Sulé-Suso
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
- Oncology Department, Royal Stoke University Hospital, University Hospitals of North Midlands (UHNM), Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
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11
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Shin J, Kim B, Lager TW, Mejia F, Guldner I, Conner C, Zhang S, Panopoulos AD, Bilgicer B. A nanotherapeutic approach to selectively eliminate metastatic breast cancer cells by targeting cell surface GRP78. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:13322-13334. [PMID: 37526009 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00800b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Here, rational engineering of doxorubicin prodrug loaded peptide-targeted liposomal nanoparticles to selectively target metastatic breast cancer cells in vivo is described. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a heat shock protein typically localized in the endoplasmic reticulum in healthy cells, has been identified to home to the cell surface in certain cancers, and thus has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. Recent reports indicated GRP78 to be expressed on the cell surface of an aggressive subpopulation of stem-like breast cancer cells that exhibit metastatic potential. In this study, a targeted nanoparticle formulation with a GRP78-binding peptide (Kd of 7.4 ± 1.0 μM) was optimized to selectively target this subpopulation. In vitro studies with breast cancer cell lines showed the targeted nanoparticle formulation (TNPGRP78pep) achieved enhanced cellular uptake, while maintaining selectivity over the control groups. In vivo, TNPGRP78pep loaded with doxorubicin prodrug was evaluated using a lung metastatic mouse model and demonstrated inhibition of breast cancer cell seeding to lungs down at the level of negative control groups. Combined, this study established that specific-targeting of surface GRP78 expressing a subpopulation of aggressive breast cancer cells was able to inhibit breast cancer metastasis to lungs, and underpinned the significance of GRP78 in breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 465567, USA.
| | - Baksun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 465567, USA.
| | - Tyson W Lager
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Franklin Mejia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 465567, USA.
| | - Ian Guldner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Clay Conner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Athanasia D Panopoulos
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Basar Bilgicer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 465567, USA.
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Berthiaume Institute for Precision Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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12
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Torres JA, Brito ABC, Silva VSE, Messias IM, Braun AC, Ruano APC, Buim MEC, Carraro DM, Chinen LTD. CD47 Expression in Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor Microemboli from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Is a Poor Prognosis Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11958. [PMID: 37569332 PMCID: PMC10419161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and/or circulating tumor microemboli (CTM) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients may be a non-invasive tool for prognosis, acting as liquid biopsy. CTCs interact with platelets through the transforming growth factor-β/transforming growth factor-β receptor type 1 (TGF-β/TGFβRI) forming clusters. CTCs also may express the Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) protein, responsible for the inhibition of phagocytosis, the "don't eat me" signal to macrophages. OBJECTIVES To isolate, quantify and analyze CTCs/CTMs from metastatic NSCLC patients, identify TGFβRI/CD47 expression in CTCs/CTMs, and correlate with progression-free survival (PFS). METHODS Blood (10 mL) was collected at two time-points: T1 (before the beginning of any line of treatment; T2 (60 days after initial collection). CTCs were isolated using ISET®. Immunocytochemistry was conducted to evaluate TGFβRI/CD47 expression. RESULTS 45 patients were evaluated. CTCs were observed in 82.2% of patients at T1 (median: 1 CTC/mL; range: 0.33-11.33 CTCs/mL) and 94.5% at T2 (median: 1.33 CTC/mL; 0.33-9.67). CTMs were observed in 24.5% of patients and significantly associated with poor PFS (10 months vs. 17 months for those without clusters; p = 0.05) and disease progression (p = 0.017). CTMs CD47+ resulted in poor PFS (p = 0.041). TGFβRI expression in CTCs/CTMs was not associated with PFS. CONCLUSION In this study, we observed that CTC/CTM from NSCLC patients express the immune evasion markers TGFβRI/CD47. The presence of CTMs CD47+ is associated with poor PFS. This was the first study to investigate CD47 expression in CTCs/CTM of patients with NSCLC and its association with poor PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Virgilio Souza e Silva
- Department of Clinical Oncology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01509-900, Brazil
| | - Iara Monique Messias
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; (J.A.T.)
| | - Alexcia Camila Braun
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; (J.A.T.)
| | - Anna Paula Carreta Ruano
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; (J.A.T.)
| | | | - Dirce Maria Carraro
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; (J.A.T.)
| | - Ludmilla Thomé Domingos Chinen
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; (J.A.T.)
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo 04014-002, Brazil
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13
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Shaik MR, Sagar PR, Shaik NA, Randhawa N. Liquid Biopsy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment Monitoring. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10644. [PMID: 37445822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor outcomes when diagnosed at an advanced stage. Current curative treatments are most effective in early-stage HCC, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and intervention. However, existing diagnostic methods, such as radiological imaging, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) testing, and biopsy, have limitations that hinder early diagnosis. AFP elevation is absent in a significant portion of tumors, and imaging may have low sensitivity for smaller tumors or in the presence of cirrhosis. Additionally, as our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of HCC grows, there is an increasing need for molecular information about the tumors. Biopsy, although informative, is invasive and may not always be feasible depending on tumor location. In this context, liquid biopsy technology has emerged as a promising approach for early diagnosis, enabling molecular characterization and genetic profiling of tumors. This technique involves analyzing circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), or tumor-derived exosomes. CTCs are cancer cells shed from the primary tumor or metastatic sites and circulate in the bloodstream. Their presence not only allows for early detection but also provides insights into tumor metastasis and recurrence. By detecting CTCs in peripheral blood, real-time tumor-related information at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels can be obtained. This article provides an overview of CTCs and explores their clinical significance for early detection, prognosis, treatment selection, and monitoring treatment response in HCC, citing relevant literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Rifat Shaik
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Prem Raj Sagar
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nishat Anjum Shaik
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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14
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Tierno D, Grassi G, Scomersi S, Bortul M, Generali D, Zanconati F, Scaggiante B. Next-Generation Sequencing and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Insights and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119688. [PMID: 37298642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor survival of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is due to its aggressive behavior, large heterogeneity, and high risk of recurrence. A comprehensive molecular investigation of this type of breast cancer using high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods may help to elucidate its potential progression and discover biomarkers related to patient survival. In this review, the NGS applications in TNBC research are described. Many NGS studies point to TP53 mutations, immunocheckpoint response genes, and aberrations in the PIK3CA and DNA repair pathways as recurrent pathogenic alterations in TNBC. Beyond their diagnostic and predictive/prognostic value, these findings suggest potential personalized treatments in PD -L1-positive TNBC or in TNBC with a homologous recombination deficit. Moreover, the comprehensive sequencing of large genomes with NGS has enabled the identification of novel markers with clinical value in TNBC, such as AURKA, MYC, and JARID2 mutations. In addition, NGS investigations to explore ethnicity-specific alterations have pointed to EZH2 overexpression, BRCA1 alterations, and a BRCA2-delaAAGA mutation as possible molecular signatures of African and African American TNBC. Finally, the development of long-read sequencing methods and their combination with optimized short-read techniques promise to improve the efficiency of NGS approaches for future massive clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tierno
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Scomersi
- Breast Unit-Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata Giuliano Isontina ASUGI, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marina Bortul
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale di Cremona-ASST, Breast Cancer Unit and Translational Research Unit, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Bruna Scaggiante
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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15
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Wang J, Meng X, Yu M, Li X, Chen Z, Wang R, Fang J. A novel microfluidic system for enrichment of functional circulating tumor cells in cancer patient blood samples by combining cell size and invasiveness. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 227:115159. [PMID: 36841114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A highly invasive subpopulation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may constitute seeds for metastases, which are therefore considered functional CTCs. However, there are few effective strategies to detect CTCs based on invasive phenotypes. Herein, we focused on functional CTCs with high invasiveness and designed an integrated microfluidic system to differentiate the invasive potential of CTCs for more accurate metastasis prediction. By combining size-based enrichment and invasiveness-based analysis, the system managed to continuously remove most hemocytes by 8 μm gaps and analyze the invasiveness of the enriched CTCs by Matrigel loading. In addition to a device, a single pump and a Petri dish were included to provide an FBS gradient for driving cell invasion and maintain a long-term cell culture. The system successfully identified functional CTCs derived from different types of cancer patients, including colorectal, kidney and bladder cancer patients, using whole blood without any sample pretreatment process. Within 28 cases of colorectal cancer patients, functional CTCs were detected in 61.54% of patients with metastases, along with stronger invasiveness evaluated by migration/invasion distance than those from patients without metastases (P < 0.05). Furthermore, one bladder cancer patient was diagnosed with recurrence six months after detection, indicating the excellent value for cancer metastases prediction. In addition, great phenotypic heterogeneity of CTCs was also observed at the single-cell level, including invasion, proliferation and dormancy, which provided an effective strategy for metastasis prediction based on CTC function as a single cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Xianmeng Meng
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110042, PR China
| | - Zhezhou Chen
- Department of Emergency Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Shenyang, No. 67 Qingquan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110041, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Jin Fang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China.
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16
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Shen C, Rawal S, Brown R, Zhou H, Agarwal A, Watson MA, Cote RJ, Yang C. Automatic detection of circulating tumor cells and cancer associated fibroblasts using deep learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5708. [PMID: 37029224 PMCID: PMC10082202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from whole blood are emerging as important biomarkers that potentially aid in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The microfilter technology provides an efficient capture platform for them but is confounded by two challenges. First, uneven microfilter surfaces makes it hard for commercial scanners to obtain images with all cells in-focus. Second, current analysis is labor-intensive with long turnaround time and user-to-user variability. Here we addressed the first challenge through developing a customized imaging system and data pre-processing algorithms. Utilizing cultured cancer and CAF cells captured by microfilters, we showed that images from our custom system are 99.3% in-focus compared to 89.9% from a top-of-the-line commercial scanner. Then we developed a deep-learning-based method to automatically identify tumor cells serving to mimic CTC (mCTC) and CAFs. Our deep learning method achieved precision and recall of 94% (± 0.2%) and 96% (± 0.2%) for mCTC detection, and 93% (± 1.7%) and 84% (± 3.1%) for CAF detection, significantly better than a conventional computer vision method, whose numbers are 92% (± 0.2%) and 78% (± 0.3%) for mCTC and 58% (± 3.9%) and 56% (± 3.5%) for CAF. Our custom imaging system combined with deep learning cell identification method represents an important advance on CTC and CAF analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Shen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Siddarth Rawal
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rebecca Brown
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Haowen Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Mark A Watson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Richard J Cote
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Changhuei Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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17
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Ren XD, Su N, Sun XG, Li WM, Li J, Li BW, Li RX, Lv J, Xu QY, Kong WL, Huang Q. Advances in liquid biopsy-based markers in NSCLC. Adv Clin Chem 2023; 114:109-150. [PMID: 37268331 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most-frequently occurring cancer and the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common type of lung cancer is often diagnosed in middle or advanced stages and have poor prognosis. Diagnosis of disease at an early stage is a key factor for improving prognosis and reducing mortality, whereas, the currently used diagnostic tools are not sufficiently sensitive for early-stage NSCLC. The emergence of liquid biopsy has ushered in a new era of diagnosis and management of cancers, including NSCLC, since analysis of circulating tumor-derived components, such as cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free RNAs (cfRNAs), exosomes, tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), proteins, and metabolites in blood or other biofluids can enable early cancer detection, treatment selection, therapy monitoring and prognosis assessment. There have been great advances in liquid biopsy of NSCLC in the past few years. Hence, this chapter introduces the latest advances on the clinical application of cfDNA, CTCs, cfRNAs and exosomes, with a particular focus on their application as early markers in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Ge Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Man Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Wen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Xu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Ying Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Long Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.
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18
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An Overview of Circulating Cell-Free Nucleic Acids in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021799. [PMID: 36675313 PMCID: PMC9864244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer due to its molecular heterogeneity and poor clinical outcomes. Analysis of circulating cell-free tumor nucleic acids (ctNAs) can improve our understanding of TNBC and provide efficient and non-invasive clinical biomarkers that may be representative of tumor heterogeneity. In this review, we summarize the potential of ctNAs to aid TNBC diagnosis and prognosis. For example, tumor fraction of circulating cell-free DNA (TFx) may be useful for molecular prognosis of TNBC: high TFx levels after neoadjuvant chemotherapy have been associated with shorter progression-free survival and relapse-free survival. Mutations and copy number variations of TP53 and PIK3CA/AKT genes in plasma may be important markers of TNBC onset, progression, metastasis, and for clinical follow-up. In contrast, the expression profile of circulating cell-free tumor non-coding RNAs (ctncRNAs) can be predictive of molecular subtypes of breast cancer and thus aid in the identification of TBNC. Finally, dysregulation of some circulating cell-free tumor miRNAs (miR17, miR19a, miR19b, miR25, miR93, miR105, miR199a) may have a predictive value for chemotherapy resistance. In conclusion, a growing number of efforts are highlighting the potential of ctNAs for future clinical applications in the diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of TNBC.
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19
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Isolation, Detection and Analysis of Circulating Tumour Cells: A Nanotechnological Bioscope. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010280. [PMID: 36678908 PMCID: PMC9864919 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the dreaded diseases to which a sizeable proportion of the population succumbs every year. Despite the tremendous growth of the health sector, spanning diagnostics to treatment, early diagnosis is still in its infancy. In this regard, circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have of late grabbed the attention of researchers in the detection of metastasis and there has been a huge surge in the surrounding research activities. Acting as a biomarker, CTCs prove beneficial in a variety of aspects. Nanomaterial-based strategies have been devised to have a tremendous impact on the early and rapid examination of tumor cells. This review provides a panoramic overview of the different nanotechnological methodologies employed along with the pharmaceutical purview of cancer. Initiating from fundamentals, the recent nanotechnological developments toward the detection, isolation, and analysis of CTCs are comprehensively delineated. The review also includes state-of-the-art implementations of nanotechnological advances in the enumeration of CTCs, along with future challenges and recommendations thereof.
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20
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Optimizing Molecular Minimal Residual Disease Analysis in Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020374. [PMID: 36672325 PMCID: PMC9856386 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD) evaluation has resulted in a fundamental instrument to guide patient management in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). From a methodological standpoint, MRD is defined as any approach aimed at detecting and possibly quantifying residual neoplastic cells beyond the sensitivity level of cytomorphology. The molecular methods to study MRD in ALL are polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification-based approaches and are the most standardized techniques. However, there are some limitations, and emerging technologies, such as digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS), seem to have advantages that could improve MRD analysis in ALL patients. Furthermore, other blood components, namely cell-free DNA (cfDNA), appear promising and are also being investigated for their potential role in monitoring tumor burden and response to treatment in hematologic malignancies. Based on the review of the literature and on our own data, we hereby discuss how emerging molecular technologies are helping to refine the molecular monitoring of MRD in ALL and may help to overcome some of the limitations of standard approaches, providing a benefit for the care of patients.
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21
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Yu J, Meng X. The treatment in patients with unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Explorations on hot issues. Cancer Lett 2022; 551:215947. [PMID: 36265654 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The treatment efficacy for patients with unresectable, locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) stagnated for a long time until the advent of immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors, have thrived, reshaping the treatment landscape for patients with lung cancer. Based on the results of the PACIFIC trial, concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by durvalumab has become the standard of care for patients with unresectable LA-NSCLC; however, numerous issues are yet to be resolved. Currently, several clinical trials are exploring an optimal treatment paradigm, and we have summarized them for comparison to eliminate barriers. In addition, we discuss better predictive biomarkers, therapeutic options for specific populations, and other challenges to identify directions for future research design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China; Research Unit of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiangjiao Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China; Research Unit of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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22
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Comparative application of microfluidic systems in circulating tumor cells and extracellular vesicles isolation; a review. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 25:4. [PMID: 36574057 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-022-00644-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a prevalent cause of mortality globally, where early diagnosis leads to a reduced death rate. Many researchers' common strategies are based on personalized diagnostic methods with rapid response and high accuracy. This technology was developed by applying liquid biopsy instead of tissue biopsies in the case of tumor cell analysis that facilitates point-of-care testing for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, significant progress in microfluidic technology led to the successful isolation, analysis, and monitoring of cancer biomarkers in body liquid biopsy with merits like high sensitivity and flexibility, low sample usage, cost effective, and the ability of automation. The most critical and informative markers in body liquid refer to circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and extracellular vesicles derived from tumors (EVs) that carry various biomarkers in their structure (DNAs, proteins, and RNAs) as compared to ctDNA. The released ctDNA has a low half-life and decreased sensitivity due to large amounts of nucleic acid in serum. This review intends to highlight different cancer screening tests with a particular focus on the details regarding the only FDA-approved and awaiting technologies for FDA clearance to isolate CTCs and EVs based on microfluidics systems.
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23
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Pasqualetti F, Rizzo M, Franceschi S, Lessi F, Paiar F, Buffa FM. New perspectives in liquid biopsy for glioma patients. Curr Opin Oncol 2022; 34:705-712. [PMID: 36093876 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Gliomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. They are characterized by a disappointing prognosis and ineffective therapy that has shown no substantial improvements in the past 20 years. The lack of progress in treating gliomas is linked with the inadequacy of suitable tumor samples to plan translational studies and support laboratory developments. To overcome the use of tumor tissue, this commentary review aims to highlight the potential for the clinical application of liquid biopsy (intended as the study of circulating biomarkers in the blood), focusing on circulating tumor cells, circulating DNA and circulating noncoding RNA. RECENT FINDINGS Thanks to the increasing sensitivity of sequencing techniques, it is now possible to analyze circulating nucleic acids and tumor cells (liquid biopsy). SUMMARY Although studies on the use of liquid biopsy are still at an early stage, the potential clinical applications of liquid biopsy in the study of primary brain cancer are many and have the potential to revolutionize the approach to neuro-oncology, and importantly, they offer the possibility of gathering information on the disease at any time during its history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pasqualetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Pisa University Hospital
| | - Milena Rizzo
- Noncoding RNA group, Functional Genetics and Genomics Lab, Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), CNR, Pisa
| | | | | | | | - Francesca M Buffa
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Computing Sciences, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
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24
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Pallozzi M, Di Tommaso N, Maccauro V, Santopaolo F, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR, Pompili M. Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Immunotherapy in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194631. [PMID: 36230554 PMCID: PMC9559710 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The search for non-invasive biomarkers is a hot topic in modern oncology, since a tissue biopsy has significant limitations in terms of cost and invasiveness. The treatment perspectives have been significantly improved after the approval of immunotherapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma; therefore, the quick identification of responders is crucial to define the best therapeutic strategy. In this review, the current knowledge on the available non-invasive biomarkers of the response to immunotherapy is described. Abstract The treatment perspectives of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have deeply changed after the introduction of immunotherapy. The results in responders show improved survival compared with Sorafenib, but only one-third of patients achieve a significant benefit from treatment. As the tumor microenvironment exerts a central role in shaping the response to immunotherapy, the future goal of HCC treatment should be to identify a proxy of the hepatic tissue condition that is easy to use in clinical practice. Therefore, the search for biomarkers that are accurate in predicting prognosis will be the hot topic in the therapeutic management of HCC in the near future. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy may expand the patient population that will benefit from it, and help researchers to find new combination regimens to improve patients’ outcomes. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on the prognostic non-invasive biomarkers related to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, focusing on serological markers and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pallozzi
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Natalia Di Tommaso
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Maccauro
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Translational Medicine and Surgery Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Translational Medicine and Surgery Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.R.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Translational Medicine and Surgery Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.R.P.); (M.P.)
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25
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Jang A, Rauterkus GP, Vaishampayan UN, Barata PC. Overcoming Obstacles in Liquid Biopsy Developments for Prostate Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:897-912. [PMID: 36051571 PMCID: PMC9427206 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s285758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men. Over time, it can metastasize and become lethal once it exhausts hormonal therapies and transitions into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Several therapies have been recently approved for advanced prostate cancer, but identifying biomarkers for current treatments and searching for more effective treatments are urgently needed. Liquid biopsy is a powerful tool for isolating genetic material, proteins, and whole tumor cells from the blood. In recent decades, this technology has rapidly advanced, allowing for better insights into the pathogenesis and treatment response in different stages of prostate cancer. In this review, we summarize important clinical studies involving liquid biopsies in prostate cancer with a focus on advanced disease, notably regarding circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, and exosomes. We highlight the progress and the challenges that still exist for these technologies. Finally, we discuss promising avenues that will further expand the importance of liquid biopsy in the care for prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Jang
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Pedro C Barata
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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26
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Li FQ, Cui JW. Circulating tumor DNA-minimal residual disease: An up-and-coming nova in resectable non-small-cell lung cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 179:103800. [PMID: 36031171 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the bloodstream can be used to reliably identify a minimal residual disease (MRD). ctDNA-MRD has demonstrated clinical values as a predictive and prognostic marker for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) regarding efficacy evaluation, recurrence monitoring, risk classification, and adjuvant treatment choices, and it has the advantage of being non-invasive, real-time, and dynamic. A recent large-scale prospective study of patients with resectable NSCLC revealed that patients with longitudinal undetectable MRD might represent a potentially curable population, benefiting many patients by eliminating wasteful therapies and side effects. However, there are still barriers to using ctDNA-MRD in clinical management, and the most significant is the lack of high-sensitivity detection technologies and consistent detection times. Herein, we defined the clinical significance of ctDNA-MRD in resectable NSCLC, summarized the available next-generation sequencing (NGS) detection approaches, and speculated on future clinical trial design and detection technology optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Qi Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Jiu-Wei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
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27
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Grigoryeva ES, Tashireva LA, Alifanov VV, Savelieva OE, Vtorushin SV, Zavyalova MV, Cherdyntseva NV, Perelmuter VM. The Novel Association of Early Apoptotic Circulating Tumor Cells with Treatment Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169475. [PMID: 36012742 PMCID: PMC9408919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity are widely studied in the circulating tumor cells of breast cancer patients because the roles of both processes in tumor progression are well established. An important property that should be taken into account is the ability of CTCs to disseminate, particularly the viability and apoptotic states of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Recent data demonstrate that apoptosis reversal promotes the formation of stem-like tumor cells with pronounced potential for dissemination. Our study focused on the association between different apoptotic states of CTCs with short- and long-term treatment outcomes. We evaluated the association of viable CTCs, CTCs with early features of apoptosis, and end-stage apoptosis/necrosis CTCs with clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer patients. We found that the proportion of circulating tumor cells with features of early apoptosis is a perspective prognosticator of metastasis-free survival, which also correlates with the neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in breast cancer patients. Moreover, we establish that apoptotic CTCs are associated with the poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and metastasis-free survival expressed at least two stemness markers, CD44 and CD133.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya S. Grigoryeva
- The Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Liubov A. Tashireva
- The Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Alifanov
- The Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga E. Savelieva
- The Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Vtorushin
- The Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Marina V. Zavyalova
- The Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V. Cherdyntseva
- The Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir M. Perelmuter
- The Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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28
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Wang Y, Liu X, Obser T, Bauer AT, Heyes M, Starzonek S, Zulal M, Opitz K, Ott L, Riethdorf S, Lange T, Pantel K, Bendas G, Schneider SW, Kusche-Gullberg M, Gorzelanny C. Heparan sulfate dependent binding of plasmatic von Willebrand factor to blood circulating melanoma cells attenuates metastasis. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:76-94. [PMID: 35690300 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS), a highly negatively charged glycosaminoglycan, is ubiquitously present in all tissues and also exposed on the surface of mammalian cells. A plethora of molecules such as growth factors, cytokines or coagulation factors bear HS binding sites. Accordingly, HS controls the communication of cells with their environment and therefore numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes such as cell adhesion, migration, and cancer cell metastasis. In the present work, we found that HS exposed by blood circulating melanoma cells recruited considerable amounts of plasmatic von Willebrand factor (vWF) to the cellular surface. Analyses assisted by super-resolution microscopy indicated that HS and vWF formed a tight molecular complex. Enzymatic removal of HS or genetic engineering of the HS biosynthesis showed that a reduced length of the HS chains or complete lack of HS was associated with significantly reduced vWF encapsulation. In microfluidic experiments, mimicking a tumor-activated vascular system, we found that vWF-HS complexes prevented vascular adhesion. In line with this, single molecular force spectroscopy suggested that the vWF-HS complex promoted the repulsion of circulating cancer cells from the blood vessel wall to counteract metastasis. Experiments in wild type and vWF knockout mice confirmed that the HS-vWF complex at the melanoma cell surface attenuated hematogenous metastasis, whereas melanoma cells lacking HS evade the anti-metastatic recognition by vWF. Analysis of tissue samples obtained from melanoma patients validated that metastatic melanoma cells produce less HS. Transcriptome data further suggest that attenuated expression of HS-related genes correlate with metastases and reduced patients' survival. In conclusion, we showed that HS-mediated binding of plasmatic vWF to the cellular surface can reduce the hematogenous spread of melanoma. Cancer cells with low HS levels evade vWF recognition and are thus prone to form metastases. Therefore, therapeutic expansion of the cancer cell exposed HS may prevent tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Department of Dermatology, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Obser
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander T Bauer
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Heyes
- Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University Bonn, Department of Pharmacy, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Starzonek
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mina Zulal
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karena Opitz
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Ott
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Tumor Biology, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Riethdorf
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Tumor Biology, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Tumor Biology, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Bendas
- Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University Bonn, Department of Pharmacy, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Gorzelanny
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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29
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Xu Z, Li K, Xin Y, Tan K, Yang M, Wang G, Tan Y. Fluid shear stress regulates the survival of circulating tumor cells via nuclear expansion. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275517. [PMID: 35510498 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis mainly occurs through hematogenous dissemination, where suspended circulating tumor cells (CTCs) experience a considerable level of fluid shear stress. We recently reported that shear flow induced substantial apoptosis of CTCs, although a small subpopulation could still persist. However, how suspended tumor cells survive in shear flow remains poorly understood. This study finds that fluid shear stress eliminates the majority of suspended CTCs and increases nuclear size, whereas it has no effect on the viability of adherent tumor cells and decreases their nuclear size. Shear flow promotes histone acetylation in suspended tumor cells, the inhibition of which using one drug suppresses shear-induced nuclear expansion, suggesting that shear stress might increase nuclear size through histone acetylation. Suppressing histone acetylation-mediated nuclear expansion enhances shear-induced apoptosis of CTCs. These findings suggest that suspended tumor cells respond to shear stress through histone acetylation-mediated nuclear expansion, which protects CTCs from shear-induced destruction. Our study elucidates a unique mechanism underlying the mechanotransduction of suspended CTCs to shear flow, which might hold therapeutic promise for CTC eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Xu
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China.,Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Keming Li
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China.,Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ying Xin
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China.,Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Kai Tan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China.,Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Youhua Tan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China.,Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
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30
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Unraveling Cancer Metastatic Cascade Using Microfluidics-based Technologies. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:517-543. [PMID: 35528034 PMCID: PMC9043145 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has long been a leading cause of death. The primary tumor, however, is not the main cause of death in more than 90% of cases. It is the complex process of metastasis that makes cancer deadly. The invasion metastasis cascade is the multi-step biological process of cancer cell dissemination to distant organ sites and adaptation to the new microenvironment site. Unraveling the metastasis process can provide great insight into cancer death prevention or even treatment. Microfluidics is a promising platform, that provides a wide range of applications in metastasis-related investigations. Cell culture microfluidic technologies for in vitro modeling of cancer tissues with fluid flow and the presence of mechanical factors have led to the organ-on-a-chip platforms. Moreover, microfluidic systems have also been exploited for capturing and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that provide crucial information on the metastatic behavior of a tumor. We present a comprehensive review of the recent developments in the application of microfluidics-based systems for analysis and understanding of the metastasis cascade from a wider perspective.
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Singh AK, Malviya R. Coagulation and inflammation in cancer: Limitations and prospects for treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188727. [PMID: 35378243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of so-called immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which target specific molecular processes of tumour growth, has had a transformative effect on cancer treatment. Widespread use of antibody-based medicines to inhibit tumour cell immune evasion by modulating T cell responses is becoming more common. Despite this, response rates are still low, and secondary resistance is an issue that arises often. In addition, a wide range of serious adverse effects is triggered by enhancing the immunological response. As a result of an increased mortality rate, a higher prevalence of thrombotic complications is connected with an increased incidence of immunological reactions, complement activation, and skin toxicity. This suggests that the tumour microenvironment's interaction between coagulation and inflammation is important at every stage of the tumour's life cycle. The coagulation system's function in tumour formation is the topic of this review. By better understanding the molecular mechanisms in which tumour cells circulate, plasmatic coagulation and immune system cells are engaged, new therapy options for cancer sufferers may be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Liquid Biopsy and Dielectrophoretic Analysis—Complementary Methods in Skin Cancer Monitoring. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of skin cancers is currently increasing worldwide, with early detection, adequate treatment, and prevention of recurrences being topics of great interest for researchers nowadays. Although tumor biopsy remains the gold standard of diagnosis, this technique cannot be performed in a significant proportion of cases, so that the use of alternative methods with high sensitivity and specificity is becoming increasingly desirable. In this context, liquid biopsy appears to be a feasible solution for the study of cellular and molecular markers relevant to different types of skin cancers. Circulating tumor cells are just one of the components of interest obtained from performing liquid biopsy, and their study by complementary methods, such as dielectrophoresis, could bring additional benefits in terms of characterizing skin tumors and subsequently applying personalized therapy. One purpose of this review is to demonstrate the utility of liquid biopsy primarily in monitoring the most common types of skin tumors: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malign melanoma. In addition, the originality of the article is based on the detailed presentation of the dielectrophoretic analysis method of the most important elements obtained from liquid biopsy, with direct impact on the clinical and therapeutic approach of skin tumors.
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Circulating tumour cells in the -omics era: how far are we from achieving the 'singularity'? Br J Cancer 2022; 127:173-184. [PMID: 35273384 PMCID: PMC9296521 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, cancer diagnosis has expanded to include liquid biopsies in addition to tissue biopsies. Liquid biopsies can result in earlier and more accurate diagnosis and more effective monitoring of disease progression than tissue biopsies as samples can be collected frequently. Because of these advantages, liquid biopsies are now used extensively in clinical care. Liquid biopsy samples are analysed for circulating tumour cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA, RNA, proteins and exosomes. CTCs originate from the tumour, play crucial roles in metastasis and carry information on tumour heterogeneity. Multiple single-cell omics approaches allow the characterisation of the molecular makeup of CTCs. It has become evident that CTCs are robust biomarkers for predicting therapy response, clinical development of metastasis and disease progression. This review describes CTC biology, molecular heterogeneity within CTCs and the involvement of EMT in CTC dynamics. In addition, we describe the single-cell multi-omics technologies that have provided insights into the molecular features within therapy-resistant and metastasis-prone CTC populations. Functional studies coupled with integrated multi-omics analyses have the potential to identify therapies that can intervene the functions of CTCs.
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Colmenares R, Álvarez N, Barrio S, Martínez-López J, Ayala R. The Minimal Residual Disease Using Liquid Biopsies in Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051310. [PMID: 35267616 PMCID: PMC8909350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Monitoring the response to treatment in hematologic malignancies is essential in defining the best way to optimize patient management. In general, achieving a deeper response has been shown to lead to a better prognosis, and the techniques used to study the minimal residual disease (MRD) are becoming more precise. The use of liquid biopsies, that is, analyzing the presence of alterations in nucleic acids, usually in peripheral blood or other biological fluids, is being studied and optimized with increasingly innovative molecular techniques, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) in the monitoring of the MRD, avoiding, in many cases, more invasive tests in different hematological neoplasms. Currently, liquid biopsies are not standardized for the MRD monitoring, but there is increasing evidence of its correlation with other techniques to measure responses to treatments and patient outcomes. Abstract The study of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and other peripheral blood components (known as “liquid biopsies”) is promising, and has been investigated especially in solid tumors. Nevertheless, it is increasingly showing a greater utility in the diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment of hematological malignancies; in the future, it could prevent invasive techniques, such as bone marrow (BM) biopsies. Most of the studies about this topic have focused on B-cell lymphoid malignancies; some of them have shown that cfDNA can be used as a novel way for the diagnosis and minimal residual monitoring of B-cell lymphomas, using techniques such as next-generation sequencing (NGS). In myelodysplastic syndromes, multiple myeloma, or chronic lymphocytic leukemia, liquid biopsies may allow for an interesting genomic representation of the tumor clones affecting different lesions (spatial heterogeneity). In acute leukemias, it can be helpful in the monitoring of the early treatment response and the prediction of treatment failure. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the evaluation of cfDNA permits the definition of clonal evolution and drug resistance in real time. However, there are limitations, such as the difficulty in obtaining sufficient circulating tumor DNA for achieving a high sensitivity to assess the minimal residual disease, or the lack of standardization of the method, and clinical studies, to confirm its prognostic impact. This review focuses on the clinical applications of cfDNA on the minimal residual disease in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Colmenares
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Imas12, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.); (N.Á.); (S.B.); (J.M.-L.)
| | - Noemí Álvarez
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Imas12, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.); (N.Á.); (S.B.); (J.M.-L.)
- Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Barrio
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Imas12, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.); (N.Á.); (S.B.); (J.M.-L.)
- Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Martínez-López
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Imas12, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.); (N.Á.); (S.B.); (J.M.-L.)
- Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayala
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Imas12, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.); (N.Á.); (S.B.); (J.M.-L.)
- Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9-1779-2788
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Biosensors for circulating tumor cells (CTCs)-biomarker detection in lung and prostate cancer: Trends and prospects. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 197:113770. [PMID: 34768065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading cause of death worldwide. Lung cancer (LCa) and prostate cancer (PCa) are the two most common ones particularly among men with about 20% of aggressive metastatic form leading to shorter overall survival. In recent years, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been investigated extensively for their role in metastatic progression and their involvement in reduced overall survival and treatment responses. Analysis of these cells and their associated biomarkers as "liquid biopsy" can provide valuable real-time information regarding the disease state and can be a potential avenue for early-stage detection and possible selection of personalized treatments. This review focuses on the role of CTCs and their associated biomarkers in lung and prostate cancer, as well as the shortcomings of conventional methods for their isolation and analysis. To overcome these drawbacks, biosensors are an elegant alternative because they are capable of providing valuable multiplexed information in real-time and analyzing biomarkers at lower concentrations. A comparative analysis of different transducing elements specific for the analysis of cancer cell and cancer biomarkers have been compiled in this review.
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Ha SM, Kim HK, Kim Y, Noh DY, Han W, Chang JM. Diagnostic performance improvement with combined use of proteomics biomarker assay and breast ultrasound. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 192:541-552. [PMID: 35084623 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the combined use of blood-based 3-protein signature and breast ultrasound (US) for validating US-detected lesions. METHODS From July 2011 to April 2020, women who underwent whole-breast US within at least 6 months from sampling period were retrospectively included. Blood-based 3-protein signature (Mastocheck®) value and US findings were evaluated. Following outcome measures were compared between US alone and the combination of Mastocheck® value with US: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and biopsy rate. RESULTS Among the 237 women included, 59 (24.9%) were healthy individuals and 178 (75.1%) cancer patients. Mean size of cancers was 1.2 ± 0.8 cm. Median value of Mastocheck® was significantly different between nonmalignant (- 0.24, interquartile range [IQR] - 0.48, - 0.03) and malignant lesions (0.55, IQR - 0.03, 1.42) (P < .001). Utilizing Mastocheck® value with US increased the AUC from 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61, 0.73) to 0.81 (95% CI 0.75, 0.88; P < .001), and specificity from 35.6 (95% CI 23.4, 47.8) to 64.4% (95% CI 52.2, 76.6; P < .001) without loss in sensitivity. PPV was increased from 82.2 (95% CI 77.1, 87.3) to 89.3% (95% CI 85.0, 93.6; P < .001), and biopsy rate was significantly decreased from 79.3 (188/237) to 72.1% (171/237) (P < .001). Consistent improvements in specificity, PPV, and AUC were observed in asymptomatic women, in women with dense breast, and in those with normal/benign mammographic findings. CONCLUSION Mastocheck® is an effective tool that can be used with US to improve diagnostic specificity and reduce false-positive findings and unnecessary biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Ha
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, CHA University Gangnam Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, CHA University Gangnam Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonshik Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Chang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
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Osei-Bordom DC, Sachdeva G, Christou N. Liquid Biopsy as a Prognostic and Theranostic Tool for the Management of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:788869. [PMID: 35096878 PMCID: PMC8795626 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.788869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) represent one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. Survival is still low due to diagnosis at an advanced stage and resistance to treatment. Herein, we review the main types of liquid biopsy able to help in both prognosis and adaptation of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Osei-Bordom
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gagandeep Sachdeva
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Niki Christou
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
- EA3842 CAPTuR Laboratory "Cell Activation Control, Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Resistance", Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France
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Shi J, Li F, Yang F, Dong Z, Jiang Y, Nachira D, Chalubinska-Fendler J, Sio TT, Kawaguchi Y, Takizawa H, Song X, Hu Y, Duan L. The combination of computed tomography features and circulating tumor cells increases the surgical prediction of visceral pleural invasion in clinical T1N0M0 lung adenocarcinoma. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2022; 10:4266-4280. [PMID: 35004255 PMCID: PMC8674597 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Visceral pleural invasion (VPI) is a clinical manifestation associated with a poor prognosis, and diagnosing it preoperatively is highly imperative for successful sublobar resection of these peripheral tumors. We evaluated the roles of computed tomography (CT) features and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) for improving VPI detection in patients with clinical T1N0M0 invasive lung adenocarcinoma. Methods Three hundred and ninety-one patients were reviewed retrospectively in this study, of which 234 presented with a pleural tag or pleural contact on CT images. CTCs positive for the foliate receptors were enriched and analyzed prior to surgery. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of CT features and CTCs with VPI, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to compare the predictive power of these variables. Results Patients mostly underwent either segmentectomies (18.9%) or lobectomies (79.0%). Only 49 of the 234 patients with pleural involvement on CT showed pathologically confirmed VPI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that CTC level ≥10.42 FU/3 mL was a significant VPI risk factor for invasive adenocarcinoma cases ≤30 mm [adjusted odds ratio (OR) =4.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.05–10.44, P<0.001]. Based on CT features, subgroup analyses showed that the solid portion size was a statistically significant independent predictor of VPI for these peripheral nodules with pleural tag, while the solid portion length of the interface was an independent predictor of pleural contact. The receiver operating curve analyses showed that the combination of CTC and CT features were highly predictive of VPI [area under the curve (AUC) =0.921 for pleural contact and 0.862 for the pleural tag, respectively]. Conclusions CTC, combined with CT features of pleural tag or pleural contact, could significantly improve VPI detection in invasive lung adenocarcinomas at clinical T1N0M0 stage prior to the patient’s surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Shi
- Department of Endoscopy, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fujun Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengwei Dong
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dania Nachira
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A.Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Terence T Sio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Yo Kawaguchi
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Takizawa
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Kuramotocho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Liu C, Xiang X, Han S, Lim HY, Li L, Zhang X, Ma Z, Yang L, Guo S, Soo R, Ren B, Wang L, Goh BC. Blood-based liquid biopsy: Insights into early detection and clinical management of lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 524:91-102. [PMID: 34656690 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Currently, early detection of lung cancer relies on the characterisation of images generated from computed tomography (CT). However, lung tissue biopsy, a highly invasive surgical procedure, is required to confirm CT-derived diagnostic results with very high false-positive rates. Hence, a non-invasive or minimally invasive biomarkers is essential to complement the existing low-dose CT (LDCT) for early detection, improve responses to a certain treatment, predict cancer recurrence, and to evaluate prognosis. In the past decade, liquid biopsies (e.g., blood) have been demonstrated to be highly effective for lung cancer biomarker discovery. In this review, the roles of emerging liquid biopsy-derived biomarkers such as circulating nucleic acids, circulating tumour cells (CTCs), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and microRNA (miRNA), as well as exosomes, have been highlighted. The advantages and limitations of these blood-based minimally invasive biomarkers have been discussed. Furthermore, the current progress of the identified biomarkers for clinical management of lung cancer has been summarised. Finally, a potential strategy for the early detection of lung cancer, using a combination of LDCT scans and well-validated biomarkers, has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiliu Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shuangqing Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| | - Hannah Ying Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lingrui Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| | - Li Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuliang Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ross Soo
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, 119228, Singapore
| | - Boxu Ren
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China.
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, 119228, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
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Patel DA, Blay J. Seeding metastases: The role and clinical utility of circulating tumour cells. Tumour Biol 2021; 43:285-306. [PMID: 34690152 DOI: 10.3233/tub-210001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral human blood is a readily-accessible source of patient material in which circulating tumour cells (CTCs) can be found. Their isolation and characterization holds the potential to provide prognostic value for various solid cancers. Enumeration of CTCs from blood is becoming a common practice in informing prognosis and may guide therapy decisions. It is further recognized that enumeration alone does not capture perspective on the heterogeneity of tumours and varying functional abilities of the CTCs to interact with the secondary microenvironment. Characterizing the isolated CTCs further, in particular assessing their functional abilities, can track molecular changes in the disease progress. As a step towards identifying a suite of functional features of CTCs that could aid in clinical decisions, developing a CTC isolation technique based on extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions may provide a more solid foundation for isolating the cells of interest. Techniques based on size, charge, density, and single biomarkers are not sufficient as they underutilize other characteristics of cancer cells. The ability of cancer cells to interact with ECM proteins presents an opportunity to utilize their full character in capturing, and also allows assessment of the features that reveal how cells might behave at secondary sites during metastasis. This article will review some common techniques and recent advances in CTC capture technologies. It will further explore the heterogeneity of the CTC population, challenges they experience in their metastatic journey, and the advantages of utilizing an ECM-based platform for CTC capture. Lastly, we will discuss how tailored ECM approaches may present an optimal platform to capture an influential heterogeneous population of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep A Patel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan Blay
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters Are Cloaked with Platelets and Correlate with Poor Prognosis in Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215272. [PMID: 34771436 PMCID: PMC8582483 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are known to be heterogeneous and clustered with tumor-associated cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts, and platelets. However, their molecular profile and clinical significance remain largely unknown. Thus, we aimed to perform a comprehensive gene expression analysis of single CTCs and CTC clusters in patients with pancreatic cancer and to identify their potential clinical relevance to provide personalized medicine. Epitope-independent, rapid (>3 mL of whole blood/min) isolation of single CTCs and CTC clusters was achieved from a prospective cohort of 16 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer using a centrifugal microfluidic device. Forty-eight mRNA expressions of individual CTCs and CTC clusters were analyzed to identify pancreatic CTC phenotype. CTC clusters had a larger proportion of mesenchymal expression than single CTCs (p = 0.0004). The presence of CTC clusters positively correlated with poor prognosis (progression-free survival, p = 0.0159; overall survival, p = 0.0186). Furthermore, we found that most CTCs in these patients (90.7%) were cloaked with platelets and found the presence of a positive correlation between the increase in CTC clusters and rapid disease progression during follow-ups. Efficient CTC cluster isolation and analysis techniques will enhance the understanding of complex tumor metastasis processes and can facilitate personalized disease management.
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Sardarabadi P, Kojabad AA, Jafari D, Liu CH. Liquid Biopsy-Based Biosensors for MRD Detection and Treatment Monitoring in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:394. [PMID: 34677350 PMCID: PMC8533977 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Globally, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Despite advancements in chemotherapy and targeted therapies, the 5-year survival rate has remained at 16% for the past forty years. Minimal residual disease (MRD) is described as the existence of either isolated tumour cells or circulating tumour cells in biological liquid of patients after removal of the primary tumour without any clinical signs of cancer. Recently, liquid biopsy has been promising as a non-invasive method of disease monitoring and treatment guidelines as an MRD marker. Liquid biopsy could be used to detect and assess earlier stages of NSCLC, post-treatment MRD, resistance to targeted therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tumour mutational burden. MRD surveillance has been proposed as a potential marker for lung cancer relapse. Principally, biosensors provide the quantitative analysis of various materials by converting biological functions into quantifiable signals. Biosensors are usually operated to detect antibodies, enzymes, DNA, RNA, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and whole cells. Here, we present a category of biosensors based on the signal transduction method for identifying biosensor-based biomarkers in liquid biopsy specimens to monitor lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Sardarabadi
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan;
| | - Amir Asri Kojabad
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran;
| | - Davod Jafari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran;
| | - Cheng-Hsien Liu
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan;
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan
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Wang Q, Liu J, Zeng J, Yang Z, Ran F, Wu L, Yang G, Mei Q, Wang X, Chen Q. Determination of miRNA derived from exosomes of prostate cancer via toehold-aided cyclic amplification combined with HRP enzyme catalysis and magnetic nanoparticles. Anal Biochem 2021; 630:114336. [PMID: 34400146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in tumorigenesis and tumor development. Exosomal microRNA-141 (miRNA-141, miR-141) has been reported to be overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa) and has become a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of PCa. Herein, a novel fluorescent biosensor based on toehold-aided cyclic amplification combined with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme catalysis and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was designed for determination of the exosomes-derived microRNA-141 (miRNA-141, miR-141). The synergy of HRP enzyme catalysis and toehold mediated strand display reaction (TSDR) increase the sensitivity of the method, and the good separation ability of MNPs ensures the specificity of the method. Therefore, under the optimized experimental conditions, the highly sensitive and specific detection of miRNA-141 can be realized, and the detection limit is as low as 10 fM. More importantly, the biosensor successfully determinates the exosomal miR-141 in the plasma of patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinjun Wang
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Jingjian Liu
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442008, China
| | - Jiantao Zeng
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, 518101, China
| | - Zhiming Yang
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, 518101, China
| | - Fengying Ran
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442008, China
| | - Lun Wu
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442008, China
| | - Guangyi Yang
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, 518101, China
| | - Quanxi Mei
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, 518101, China
| | - Xisheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518110, China.
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, 518101, China.
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Katopodis P, Anikin V, Kishore U, Carter T, Hall M, Asadi N, Polychronis A, Karteris E. Circulating tumour cells and circulating cell-free DNA in patients with lung cancer: a comparison between thoracotomy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. BMJ Open Respir Res 2021; 8:8/1/e000917. [PMID: 34493540 PMCID: PMC8424856 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2021-000917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The type of lung cancer surgery impacts on tumour manipulation during surgery and may drive dissemination of cancer cells into the vasculature, thus facilitating metastatic spread. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of surgically induced trauma using peripheral blood from preoperative and postoperative patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) resection. METHODS Imaging flow cytometry was used to measure circulating cancer-associated cells (CCs). Circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) isolation was performed using Promega dsDNA HS Assay Kit. DNA integrity measurements were calculated by the ALU247 to ALU115 ratio and cytokine levels measured using the Luminex screening assay. RESULTS CCs were increased in postoperative blood samples in 54 patients with NSCLC. Patients who underwent thoracotomy instead of VATS had higher numbers of EpCAM (p=0.004) and PanCK-labelled (p=0.03) CCs postoperatively. ccfDNA and DNA integrity index were also significantly increased in postoperative samples (p=0.0009 and p=0.04), with concomitant increase in interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 levels in the same cohorts (p=0.0004 and p=0.034, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In this study we have shown the potential clinical utility of several biomarkers from liquid biopsies to guide perioperative management, as well as provide a snapshot of the type of surgical resection in terms of circulating tumour cell release. Obtaining reliable readouts from blood can provide crucial information for disease progression, as well as being of prognostic value monitoring patients' response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periklis Katopodis
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.,Thoracic Surgery, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, UK
| | - Vladimir Anikin
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.,Thoracic Surgery, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, UK.,Department of Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | | | - Marcia Hall
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.,Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | - Nizar Asadi
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Emmanouil Karteris
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK .,Thoracic Surgery, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, UK
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Shabalina EY, Skorova EY, Chudakova DA, Anikin VB, Reshetov IV, Mynbaev OA, Petersen EV. The matrix-dependent 3D spheroid model of the migration of non-small cell lung cancer: a step towards a rapid automated screening. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:610407. [PMID: 34422897 PMCID: PMC8378843 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.610407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro 3D cell culture systems utilizing multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) are widely used in translational oncology, including for studying cell migration and in personalized therapy. However, early stages of cellular migration from MCTS and cross-talk between spheroids are overlooked, which was addressed in the current study. Here, we investigated cell migration from MCTS derived from human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549 cultured on different substrates, collagen gel or plastic, at different time points. We found that migration starts at 4–16 h time points after the seeding and its speed is substrate-dependent. We also demonstrated that co-culture of two NSCLC-derived MCTS on collagen gel, but not on plastic, facilitates cell migration compared with single MTCS. This finding should be considered when designing MCTS-based functional assays for personalized therapeutic approach and drug screenings. Overall, our work characterizes the in vitro 3D cell culture model resembling NSCLC cell migration from the clusters of CTCs into surgical wound, and describes microscopy-based tools and approaches for image data analysis with a potential for further automation. These tools and approaches also might be used to predict patterns of CTCs migration based on ex vivo analysis of patient biopsy in a 3D culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenya Y Shabalina
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yu Skorova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - D A Chudakova
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - V B Anikin
- Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.,First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Reshetov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - O A Mynbaev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - E V Petersen
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok, Dolgoprudny, Russia
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Kryvoshlyk I. CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLS: WHERE WE LEFT OFF? BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech14.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis and recurrence are the leading causes of cancer-related death. Tumor cells which leave the primary or secondary tumors and shed into the bloodstream are called circulating tumor cells (CTC). These cells are the key drivers of cancer dissemination to surrounding tissues and to distant organs. The use of CTC in clinical practice necessitates the deep insight into their biology, as well as into their role in cancer evasion of immune surveillance, tumor resistance to chemo- radio- and immunotherapies and metastatic dormancy. Aim. The purpose of the work was to review the current knowledge on the CTC biology, as well as the prospects for their use for the diagnosis and targeted treatment of metastatic disease. Methods. The work proposed the integrative literature review using MEDLINE, Biological Abstracts and EMBASE databases. Results. This review summarizes and discusses historical milestones and current data concerning СTС biology, the main stages of their life cycle, their role in metastatic cascade, clinical prospects for their use as markers for the diagnosis and prognostication of the disease course, as well as targets for cancer treatment. Conclusions. Significant progress in the area of CTC biology and their use in cancer theranostics convincingly proved the attractiveness of these cells as targets for cancer prognosis and therapy. The effective use of liquid biopsy with quantitative and phenotypic characteristics of CTCs is impeded by the imperfection of the methodology for taking biological material and by the lack of reliable markers for assessing the metastatic potential of CTCs of various origins. The variety of mechanisms of tumor cells migration and invasion requires the development of complex therapeutic approaches for anti-metastatic therapy targeting CTCs. Efforts to address these key issues could help developing new and effective cancer treatment strategies.
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Identification of a Two-MicroRNA Signature in Plasma as a Novel Biomarker for Very Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112848. [PMID: 34200463 PMCID: PMC8201361 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer diagnosis at the initial stage of the disease considerably improves prognosis and survival rates. This retrospective study aimed to develop and validate a plasma microRNA signature as a non-invasive biomarker for early-stage breast cancer diagnosis. We confirmed in a testing cohort of 54 BC patients and 89 healthy volunteers the value of a signature based on miR-30b and miR-99a levels in plasma samples for stage I breast cancer detection. Furthermore, our results were blindly validated in a second cohort of 74 breast cancer and 74 healthy samples. The proposed microRNA signature presented high value as a fast, cost-effective, and non-invasive biomarker for early-stage breast cancer detection, which will lead to a better prognosis for breast cancer patients. Abstract The early diagnosis of breast cancer is essential to improve patients’ survival rate. In this context, microRNAs have been described as potential diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer. Particularly, circulating microRNAs have a strong value as non-invasive biomarkers. Herein, we assessed the potential of a microRNA signature based on miR-30b-5p and miR-99a-5p levels in plasma as a diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer. This two-microRNA signature was constructed by Principal Component Analysis and its prognostic value was assessed in a discovery cohort and blindly validated in a second cohort from an independent institution. ROC curve analysis and biomarker performance parameter evaluation demonstrated that our proposed signature presents a high value as a non-invasive biomarker for very early detection of breast cancer. In addition, pathway enrichment analysis identified three of the well-known pathways involved in cancer as targets of the two microRNAs.
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Chemi F, Mohan S, Guevara T, Clipson A, Rothwell DG, Dive C. Early Dissemination of Circulating Tumor Cells: Biological and Clinical Insights. Front Oncol 2021; 11:672195. [PMID: 34026650 PMCID: PMC8138033 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.672195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a causal role in the development of metastasis, the major cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. In the past decade, the development of powerful cellular and molecular technologies has led to a better understanding of the molecular characteristics and timing of dissemination of CTCs during cancer progression. For instance, genotypic and phenotypic characterization of CTCs, at the single cell level, has shown that CTCs are heterogenous, disseminate early and could represent only a minor subpopulation of the primary tumor responsible for disease relapse. While the impact of molecular profiling of CTCs has not yet been translated to the clinic, CTC enumeration has been widely used as a prognostic biomarker to monitor treatment response and to predict disease relapse. However, previous studies have revealed a major challenge: the low abundance of CTCs in the bloodstream of patients with cancer, especially in early stage disease where the identification and characterization of subsequently "lethal" cells has potentially the greatest clinical relevance. The CTC field is rapidly evolving with development of new technologies to improve the sensitivity of CTC detection, enumeration, isolation, and molecular profiling. Here we examine the technical and analytical validity of CTC technologies, we summarize current data on the biology of CTCs that disseminate early and review CTC-based clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Chemi
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
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Ghaderinia M, Khayamian MA, Abadijoo H, Shalileh S, Faramarzpour M, Zandi A, Simaee H, Abbasvandi F, Esmailinejad MR, Rafizadeh-Tafti S, Jahangiri M, Kordehlachin Y, Ghaffari H, Ansari E, Dabbagh N, Akbari ME, Hoseinpour P, Abdolahad M. Capture-free deactivation of CTCs in the bloodstream; a metastasis suppression method by electrostatic stimulation of the peripheral blood. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 183:113194. [PMID: 33813209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While limited investigations have been reported on CTC elimination and its profits, recently, some new works were reported on detection followed by the destruction of CTCs. Limitations and complications of CTC capturing procedures have highly reduced the chance of selective destruction of CTCs in the bloodstream in the therapeutic guidelines of the patients. Here, we selectively deactivated the invasive function of CTCs during their circulation in the bloodstream by exposing the whole blood to pure positive electrostatic charge stimulation (PPECS). Our treatment suppressed pulmonary metastasis and extended the survival of the mice had been intravenously injected by electrostatically deactivated 4T1 breast cancer CTCs. Moreover, the number of cancerous lung nodules was drastically reduced in the mice injected by treated CTCs in comparison with the non-treated cohort. Evaluating the side effect of the PPECS on the blood components revealed no major effect on the functional properties of the white blood cells, and just a negligible fraction (∼10%) was damaged during this process. This approach does not need any capturing or targeting of CTCs from the blood as it is focused on perturbing the electrical function of negatively-charged tumor cells after being exposed to positive electrostatic charges. Taken together, continuous in-vivo deactivation of CTCs by PPECS with no requirement to complicated capturing protocols may improve the survival of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Ghaderinia
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 14395/515
| | - Mohammad Ali Khayamian
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 14395/515
| | - Hamed Abadijoo
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 14395/515
| | - Shahriar Shalileh
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 14395/515
| | - Mahsa Faramarzpour
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 14395/515
| | - Ashkan Zandi
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 14395/515
| | - Hossein Simaee
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 14395/515; Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Abbasvandi
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 14395/515; ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Esmailinejad
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 14155/6453
| | - Saeed Rafizadeh-Tafti
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 14395/515
| | - Mojtaba Jahangiri
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 14395/515
| | - Yasin Kordehlachin
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 14395/515
| | - Hadi Ghaffari
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 14395/515
| | - Ehsan Ansari
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nano Electronics Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 14395/515
| | - Najmeh Dabbagh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. BOX 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. BOX 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Abdolahad
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 14395/515; Cancer Institute, Imam-Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. BOX 13145-158, Tehran, Iran; UT&TUMS Cancer Electrotechnique Research Center, YAS Hospital, P.O. Box 1598718311, Tehran, Iran.
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Ferro M, La Civita E, Liotti A, Cennamo M, Tortora F, Buonerba C, Crocetto F, Lucarelli G, Busetto GM, Del Giudice F, de Cobelli O, Carrieri G, Porreca A, Cimmino A, Terracciano D. Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers in Urine: A Route towards Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medicine of Bladder Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030237. [PMID: 33806972 PMCID: PMC8004687 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is characterized by high incidence and recurrence rates together with genomic instability and elevated mutation degree. Currently, cystoscopy combined with cytology is routinely used for diagnosis, prognosis and disease surveillance. Such an approach is often associated with several side effects, discomfort for the patient and high economic burden. Thus, there is an essential demand of non-invasive, sensitive, fast and inexpensive biomarkers for clinical management of BC patients. In this context, liquid biopsy represents a very promising tool that has been widely investigated over the last decade. Liquid biopsy will likely be at the basis of patient selection for precision medicine, both in terms of treatment choice and real-time monitoring of therapeutic effects. Several different urinary biomarkers have been proposed for liquid biopsy in BC, including DNA methylation and mutations, protein-based assays, non-coding RNAs and mRNA signatures. In this review, we summarized the state of the art on different available tests concerning their potential clinical applications for BC detection, prognosis, surveillance and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ferro
- Department of Urology of European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (O.d.C.)
| | - Evelina La Civita
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Antonietta Liotti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Cennamo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Fabiana Tortora
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Carlo Buonerba
- CRTR Rare Tumors Reference Center, AOU Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Environment & Health Operational Unit, Zoo-Prophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Sciences of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Gian Maria Busetto
- Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Del Giudice
- Department of Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Ottavio de Cobelli
- Department of Urology of European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (O.d.C.)
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Ematoncologia-DIPO-Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Department of Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Angelo Porreca
- Department of Urology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, 31033 Padua, Italy;
| | - Amelia Cimmino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: or (A.C.); (D.T.); Tel.: +39-81-746-3617 (D.T.)
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: or (A.C.); (D.T.); Tel.: +39-81-746-3617 (D.T.)
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