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Guo J, Zeng X, Zhu Y, Yang D, Zhao X. Mesothelin-based CAR-T cells exhibit potent antitumor activity against ovarian cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:367. [PMID: 38637885 PMCID: PMC11025286 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is characterized by its rapid growth and spread which, accompanied by a low 5-year survival rate, necessitates the development of improved treatments. In ovarian cancer, the selective overexpression of Mucin-16 (MUC16, CA125) in tumor cells highlights its potential as a promising target for developing anti-tumor therapies. However, the potential effectiveness of CAR-T cell therapy that targets MUC16 in ovarian cancer cells is unknown. METHODS The expression of MUC16 in viable OC cells was detected using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry techniques. A MSLN-CAR construct, comprising the MUC16-binding polypeptide region of mesothelin (MSLN), a CD8 hinge spacer and transmembrane domain, 4-1BB, and CD3ζ endo-domains; was synthesized and introduced into T cells using lentiviral particles. The cytotoxicity of the resultant CAR-T cells was evaluated in vitro using luciferase assays. Cytokine release by CAR-T cells was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The anti-tumor efficacy of the CAR-T cells was subsequently assessed in mice through both systemic and local administration protocols. RESULTS MSLN-CAR T cells exhibited potent cytotoxicity towards OVCAR3 cells and their stem-like cells that express high levels of MUC16. Also, MSLN-CAR T cells were inefficient at killing SKOV3 cells that express low levels of MUC16, but were potently cytotoxic to such cells overexpressing MUC16. Moreover, MSLN-CAR T cells delivered via tail vein or peritoneal injection could shrink OVCAR3 xenograft tumors in vivo, with sustained remission observed following peritoneal delivery of MSLN-CAR T cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results suggested that MSLN-CAR T cells could potently eliminate MUC16- positive ovarian cancer tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo, thereby providing a promising therapeutic intervention for MUC16-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaozhu Zeng
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongjie Zhu
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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2
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Li H, Jiang W, Liu S, Yang M, Chen S, Pan Y, Cui M. Connecting the mechanisms of tumor sex differences with cancer therapy. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:213-231. [PMID: 37027097 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04723-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in cancer incidence and survival are constant and pronounced globally, across all races and all age groups of cancer types. In 2016, after the National Institutes of Health proposed a policy of utilizing sex as a biological variable, researchers started paying more attention to the molecular mechanisms behind gender variations in cancer. Historically, most previous studies investigating sex differences have been centered on gonadal sex hormones. Nevertheless, sex differences also involve genetic and molecular pathways that run throughout the entire process of cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and treatment response, in addition to sex hormones. In particular, there is significant gender dimorphism in the efficacy and toxicity of oncology treatments, including conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, as well as the emerging targeted therapies and immunotherapy. To be clear, not all mechanisms will exhibit gender bias, and not all gender bias will affect cancer risk. Our goal in this review is to discuss some of the significant sex-related changes in fundamental cancer pathways. To this purpose, we summarize the differential impact of gender on cancer development in three dimensions: sex hormones, genetics, and epigenetics, and focus on current hot subjects including tumor suppressor function, immunology, stem cell renewal, and non-coding RNAs. Clarifying the essential mechanisms of gender differences will help guide the clinical treatment of both sexes in tumor radiation and chemotherapy, medication therapy with various targets, immunotherapy, and even drug development. We anticipate that sex-differentiated research will help advance sex-based cancer personalized medicine models and encourage future basic scientific and clinical research to take sex into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Manshi Yang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Pan
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Lee C, Park SH, Yoon SK. The E3 ligase HUWE1 increases the sensitivity of CRC to oxaliplatin through TOMM20 degradation. Oncogene 2024; 43:636-649. [PMID: 38184713 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Continuous administration of oxaliplatin, the most widely used first-line chemotherapy drug for colorectal cancer (CRC), eventually leads to drug resistance. Increasing the sensitivity of CRC cells to oxaliplatin is a key strategy to overcome this issue. Impairment of mitochondrial function is a pivotal mechanism determining the sensitivity of CRC to oxaliplatin. We discovered an inverse correlation between Translocase of Outer Mitochondrial Membrane 20 (TOMM20) and oxaliplatin sensitivity as well as an inverse relationship between TOMM20 and HECT, UBA, and WWE domain containing E3 ligase 1 (HUWE1) expression in CRC. For the first time, we demonstrated that HUWE1 ubiquitinates TOMM20 directly and also regulates TOMM20 degradation via the PARKIN-mediated pathway. Furthermore, we showed that overexpression of HUWE1 in CRC cells has a negative effect on mitochondrial function, including the generation of ATP and maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to increased production of ROS and apoptosis. This effect was amplified when cells were treated simultaneously with oxaliplatin. Our study conclusively shows that TOMM20 is a novel target of HUWE1. Our findings indicate that HUWE1 plays a critical role in regulating oxaliplatin sensitivity by degrading TOMM20 and inducing mitochondrial damage in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhaeng Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 065-691, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 065-691, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Park
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 065-691, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim Yoon
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 065-691, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 065-691, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Lin Y, Jin X. Effect of ubiquitin protease system on DNA damage response in prostate cancer (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:33. [PMID: 38125344 PMCID: PMC10731405 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is an essential hallmark of cancer, and cellular DNA damage response (DDR) defects drive tumorigenesis by disrupting genomic stability. Several studies have identified abnormalities in DDR-associated genes, and a dysfunctional ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the most common molecular event in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa). For example, mutations in Speckle-type BTB/POZ protein-Ser119 result in DDR downstream target activation deficiency. Skp2 excessive upregulation inhibits homologous recombination repair and promotes cell growth and migration. Abnormally high expression of a deubiquitination enzyme, ubiquitin-specific protease 12, stabilizes E3 ligase MDM2, which further leads to p53 degradation, causing DDR interruption and genomic instability. In the present review, the basic pathways of DDR, UPS dysfunction, and its induced DDR alterations mediated by genomic instability, and especially the potential application of UPS and DDR alterations as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in PCa treatment, were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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5
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Basu B, Kal S, Karmakar S, Basu M, Ghosh MK. E3 ubiquitin ligases in lung cancer: Emerging insights and therapeutic opportunities. Life Sci 2024; 336:122333. [PMID: 38061537 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Aim In this review, we have attempted to provide the readers with an updated account of the role of a family of proteins known as E3 ligases in different aspects of lung cancer progression, along with insights into the deregulation of expression of these proteins during lung cancer. A detailed account of the therapeutic strategies involving E3 ligases that have been developed or currently under development has also been provided in this review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The review article employs extensive literature search, along with differential gene expression analysis of lung cancer associated E3 ligases using the DESeq2 package in R, and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database (http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn/). Protein expression analysis of CPTAC lung cancer samples was carried out using the UALCAN webtool (https://ualcan.path.uab.edu/index.html). Assessment of patient overall survival (OS) in response to high and low expression of selected E3 ligases was performed using the online Kaplan-Meier plotter (https://kmplot.com/analysis/index.php?p=background). KEY FINDINGS: SIGNIFICANCE: The review provides an in-depth understanding of the role of E3 ligases in lung cancer progression and an up-to-date account of the different therapeutic strategies targeting oncogenic E3 ligases for improved lung cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Basu
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Satadeepa Kal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhajit Karmakar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, South 24 Parganas, PIN -743372, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata- 700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Wang S, Wei W, Yuan Y, Guo J, Liang D, Zhao X. Cell-Surface GRP78-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Eliminate Lung Cancer Tumor Xenografts. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:564. [PMID: 38203736 PMCID: PMC10779323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common and intractable malignancies. It is associated with low survival rates despite existing treatments, indicating that new and more effective therapies are urgently needed such as the chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell immunotherapy. The cell-surface glucose-regulated protein 78 (csGRP78) is expressed in various hematological malignancies and solid tumor cells including lung cancer in response to cancer-related endoplasmic reticulum stress, while GRP78 is restricted to inside the normal cells. Here, we detected the prominent expression of csGRP78 in both lung cancer cell lines, A549 and H1299, as well as cancer stemlike cells derived from A549 by immunofluorescence. Next, a csGRP78-targeted CAR was constructed, and the transduced CAR-T cells were tested for their potency to kill the two lung cancer cell lines and derived stemlike cells, which was correlated with specific interferon γ release in vitro. Finally, we found that csGRP78 CAR-T cells also efficiently killed both lung cancer cells and cancer stemlike cells, resulting into the elimination of tumor xenografts in vivo, neither with any evidence of relapse after 63 days of tumor clearance nor any detrimental impact on other body organs we examined. Our study reveals the capacity of csGRP78 as a therapeutic target and offers valuable insight into the development of csGRP78 CAR-T cells as potential therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (S.W.); (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.G.); (D.L.)
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7
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Liu B, Lu Y, Taledaohan A, Qiao S, Li Q, Wang Y. The Promoting Role of HK II in Tumor Development and the Research Progress of Its Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 29:75. [PMID: 38202657 PMCID: PMC10779805 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased glycolysis is a key characteristic of malignant cells that contributes to their high proliferation rates and ability to develop drug resistance. The glycolysis rate-limiting enzyme hexokinase II (HK II) is overexpressed in most tumor cells and significantly affects tumor development. This paper examines the structure of HK II and the specific biological factors that influence its role in tumor development, as well as the potential of HK II inhibitors in antitumor therapy. Furthermore, we identify and discuss the inhibitors of HK II that have been reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingru Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (B.L.); (Y.L.); (A.T.)
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (B.L.); (Y.L.); (A.T.)
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Department of Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ayijiang Taledaohan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (B.L.); (Y.L.); (A.T.)
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shi Qiao
- Civil Aviation Medical Center, Civil Aviation Administration of China, Beijing 100123, China;
| | - Qingyan Li
- Civil Aviation Medical Center, Civil Aviation Administration of China, Beijing 100123, China;
| | - Yuji Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (B.L.); (Y.L.); (A.T.)
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Department of Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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8
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Xiao F, Zhang H, Ding H, An C, Gu C. Change in expressional level and clinicopathological significance of miR-193b-3p in non-small cell lung cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35918. [PMID: 37960820 PMCID: PMC10637511 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate and analyze changes in the expression level and clinicopathological significance of miR-193b-3p in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the present study, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Targetscan, starBase, and Metastases databases were retrieved for bioinformatics analysis. qRT-PCR was conducted to determine the expression level of miR-193b-3p in the serum or tissues of NSCLC patients. The correlation between the expression level of serum miR-193b-3p and the clinical characteristics of NSCLC patients was analyzed, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed to assess the diagnostic significance of serum expression of miR-193b-3p in NSCLC. The GEO2R tool was used to analyze the GSE102286 dataset in the GEO database, indicating that miR-193b-3p is one of the overexpressed miRNAs in NSCLC. Databases, such as TargetScan and starBase, were used to predict miR-193b-3p target genes. Finally, 153 target genes were retrieved, and gene ontology (GO) and KEGG analyses were conducted based on the Metascape database, which indicated that all 153 target genes participated in multiple biological processes and signaling pathways closely correlated with the genesis and progression of NSCLC. miR-193b-3p is highly expressed in the serum and cancer tissues of patients with NSCLC. The high miR-193b-3p expression group had a lower degree of cancer differentiation, a higher proportion of late TNM stage, and a greater incidence of lymph node metastasis. ROC curve analysis reported that the area under the curve was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85-0.92). High miR-193b-3p expression levels were detected in NSCLC patients and were closely correlated with the degree of malignancy in NSCLC. miR-193b-3p expression levels have a diagnostic effect on NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University (Nantong Third People’s Hospital), Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University (Nantong Third People’s Hospital), Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiping Ding
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University (Nantong Third People’s Hospital), Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaolun An
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University (Nantong Third People’s Hospital), Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University (Nantong Third People’s Hospital), Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Tang J, Liu N, Zhu Y, Li Y, Zhao X. CAR-T Therapy Targets Extra Domain B of Fibronectin Positive Solid Tumor Cells. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:985-996. [PMID: 37815216 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2264332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CAR-T cell immunotherapy has achieved remarkable success in malignant B-cell malignancies, but progress in solid tumors is slow, and one of the key reasons is the lack of ideal targets. Cancer-specific extra domain B of fibronectin (EDB-FN) is widely upregulated in solid tumors and expressed at low levels in normal tissues. Many imaging and targeted cancer therapies based on EDB-FN targets have been developed and tested in clinical trials, making EDB-FN an ideal target for immunotherapy. METHODS We constructed two EDB-FN-targeted CAR-Ts based on the peptide APT0 and the single-chain antibody CGS2 in a lentiviral infection manner for the first time. Luciferase cytotoxicity assay to assess CAR-T killing of tumor cells. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the release of the cytokine IFN-γ. Fluorescence imaging to evaluate the dynamics of CAR-T cell and tumor cell coculture. Knockdown assays were used to validate the target specificity of CAR-T cells. RESULTS In this research, two CAR-Ts targeting EDB-FN, APT0 CAR-T, and CGS2 CAR-T, were constructed. In vitro, both CAR-T cells produced broad-spectrum killing of multiple EDB-FN-positive solid tumor cell lines and were accompanied by cytokine IFN-γ release. Regarding safety, the two CAR-T cells did not affect T cells' normal growth and proliferation and were not toxic to HEK-293T human embryonic kidney epithelial cells. CONCLUSION APT0 CAR-T and CGS2 CAR-T cells are two new CAR-Ts targeting EDB-FN. Both CAR-T cells can successfully identify and specifically kill various EDB-FN-positive solid tumor cells with potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and Department of Respiratory and Critical care Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and Department of Respiratory and Critical care Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongjie Zhu
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and Department of Respiratory and Critical care Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Targeting Therapy & Immunology and Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Cancer Center and Department of Respiratory and Critical care Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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10
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Shen J, Liu G, Qi H, Xiang X, Shao J. JMJD5 inhibits lung cancer progression by facilitating EGFR proteasomal degradation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:657. [PMID: 37813845 PMCID: PMC10562424 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is closely related to the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, targeted EGFR therapeutics such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) face the challenge of EGFR mutation-mediated resistance. Here, we showed that the reduced JmjC domain-containing 5 (JMJD5) expression is negatively associated with EGFR stability and NSCLC progression. Mechanically, JMJD5 cooperated with E3 ligase HUWE1 to destabilize EGFR and EGFR TKI-resistant mutants for proteasomal degradation, thereby inhibiting NSCLC growth and promoting TKI sensitivity. Furthermore, we identified that JMJD5 can be transported into recipient cells via extracellular vesicles, thereby inhibiting the growth of NSCLC. Together, our findings demonstrate the tumor-suppressive role of JMJD5 in NSCLC and suggest a putative therapeutic strategy for EGFR-related NSCLC by targeting JMJD5 to destabilize EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Guiling Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xueping Xiang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jimin Shao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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11
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Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Li W, Tang Y, Wang S. Mechanism of Taxanes in the Treatment of Lung Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6564-6582. [PMID: 37623233 PMCID: PMC10453041 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxanes are natural compounds for the treatment of lung cancer, but the molecular mechanism behind the effects is unclear. In the present study, through network pharmacology and molecular docking, the mechanism of the target and pathway of taxanes in the treatment of lung cancer was studied. The taxanes targets were determined by PubChem database, and an effective compounds-targets network was constructed. The GeneCards database was used to determine the disease targets of lung cancer, and the intersection of compound targets and disease targets was obtained. The Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network of the intersection targets was analyzed, and the PPI network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.6.0 software. The hub targets were screened according to the degree value, and the binding activity between taxanes and hub targets was verified by molecular docking. The results showed that eight taxane-active compounds and 444 corresponding targets were screened out, and 131 intersection targets were obtained after mapping with lung cancer disease targets. The hub targets obtained by PPI analysis were TP53, EGFR, and AKT1. Gene Ontology (GO) biological function enrichment analysis obtained 1795 biological process (BP) terms, 101 cellular component (CC) terms, and 164 molecular function (MF) terms. There were 179 signaling pathways obtained by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Twenty signaling pathways were screened out, mainly pathways in cancer, proteoglycans in cancer pathway, microRNAs in cancer pathway, and so on. Molecular docking shows that the binding energies of eight taxanes with TP53, EGFR, and AKT1 targets were less than -8.8 kcal/mol, taxanes acts on TP53, EGFR, and AKT1 targets through pathways in cancer, proteoglycans in cancer pathway and microRNAs in cancer pathway, and plays a role in treating lung cancer in biological functions such as protein binding, enzyme binding, and identical protein binding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shujie Wang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.T.)
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12
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Rosell R, Jain A, Codony-Servat J, Jantus-Lewintre E, Morrison B, Ginesta JB, González-Cao M. Biological insights in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 20:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0108. [PMID: 37381723 PMCID: PMC10466437 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung oncogenesis relies on intracellular cysteine to overcome oxidative stress. Several tumor types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), upregulate the system xc- cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT) through overexpression of the cystine transporter SLC7A11, thus sustaining intracellular cysteine levels to support glutathione synthesis. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) serves as a master regulator of oxidative stress resistance by regulating SLC7A11, whereas Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (KEAP1) acts as a cytoplasmic repressor of the oxidative responsive transcription factor NRF2. Mutations in KEAP1/NRF2 and p53 induce SLC7A11 activation in NSCLC. Extracellular cystine is crucial in supplying the intracellular cysteine levels necessary to combat oxidative stress. Disruptions in cystine availability lead to iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, thus resulting in a type of cell death called ferroptosis. Pharmacologic inhibitors of xCT (either SLC7A11 or GPX4) induce ferroptosis of NSCLC cells and other tumor types. When cystine uptake is impaired, the intracellular cysteine pool can be sustained by the transsulfuration pathway, which is catalyzed by cystathionine-B-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine g-lyase (CSE). The involvement of exogenous cysteine/cystine and the transsulfuration pathway in the cysteine pool and downstream metabolites results in compromised CD8+ T cell function and evasion of immunotherapy, diminishing immune response and potentially reducing the effectiveness of immunotherapeutic interventions. Pyroptosis is a previously unrecognized form of regulated cell death. In NSCLCs driven by EGFR, ALK, or KRAS, selective inhibitors induce pyroptotic cell death as well as apoptosis. After targeted therapy, the mitochondrial intrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated, thus leading to the cleavage and activation of caspase-3. Consequently, gasdermin E is activated, thus leading to permeabilization of the cytoplasmic membrane and cell-lytic pyroptosis (indicated by characteristic cell membrane ballooning). Breakthroughs in KRAS G12C allele-specific inhibitors and potential mechanisms of resistance are also discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rosell
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona 08028, Spain
- IOR, Hospital Quiron-Dexeus, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Anisha Jain
- Department of Microbiology, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | | | - Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia; Mixed Unit TRIAL (General University Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation and Príncipe Felipe Research Center), CIBERONC, Valencia 46014, Spain
| | - Blake Morrison
- Sumitomo Pharma Oncology, Inc., Cambridge, MA and Lehi, UT 84043, USA
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13
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Monda JK, Ge X, Hunkeler M, Donovan KA, Ma MW, Jin CY, Leonard M, Fischer ES, Bennett EJ. HAPSTR1 localizes HUWE1 to the nucleus to limit stress signaling pathways. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112496. [PMID: 37167062 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
HUWE1 is a large, enigmatic HECT-domain ubiquitin ligase implicated in the regulation of diverse pathways, including DNA repair, apoptosis, and differentiation. How HUWE1 engages its structurally diverse substrates and how HUWE1 activity is regulated are unknown. Using unbiased quantitative proteomics, we find that HUWE1 targets substrates in a largely cell-type-specific manner. However, we identify C16orf72/HAPSTR1 as a robust HUWE1 substrate in multiple cell lines. Previously established physical and genetic interactions between HUWE1 and HAPSTR1 suggest that HAPSTR1 positively regulates HUWE1 function. Here, we show that HAPSTR1 is required for HUWE1 nuclear localization and nuclear substrate targeting. Nuclear HUWE1 is required for both cell proliferation and modulation of stress signaling pathways, including p53 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-mediated signaling. Combined, our results define a role for HAPSTR1 in gating critical nuclear HUWE1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Monda
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xuezhen Ge
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Moritz Hunkeler
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine A Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michelle W Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cyrus Y Jin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Marilyn Leonard
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric J Bennett
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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14
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Fadaei M, Kohansal M, Akbarpour O, Sami M, Ghanbariasad A. Network and functional analyses of differentially expressed genes in gastric cancer provide new biomarkers associated with disease pathogenesis. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2023; 35:8. [PMID: 37032412 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-023-00164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a dominant source of cancer-related death around the globe and a serious threat to human health. However, there are very few practical diagnostic approaches and biomarkers for the treatment of this complex disease. METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the association between differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which may function as potential biomarkers, and the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer (GC). We constructed a protein-protein interaction network from DEGs followed by network clustering. Members of the two most extensive modules went under the enrichment analysis. We introduced a number of hub genes and gene families playing essential roles in oncogenic pathways and the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Enriched terms for Biological Process were obtained from the "GO" repository. RESULTS A total of 307 DEGs were identified between GC and their corresponding normal adjacent tissue samples in GSE63089 datasets, including 261 upregulated and 261 downregulated genes. The top five hub genes in the PPI network were CDK1, CCNB1, CCNA2, CDC20, and PBK. They are involved in focal adhesion formation, extracellular matrix remodeling, cell migration, survival signals, and cell proliferation. No significant survival result was found for these hub genes. CONCLUSIONS Using comprehensive analysis and bioinformatics methods, important key pathways and pivotal genes related to GC progression were identified, potentially informing further studies and new therapeutic targets for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Fadaei
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Maryam Kohansal
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Sami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbariasad
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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Kim NW, Seo SM, Yoo ES, Kang AR, Lee JH, Lee JH, Kang BC, Lee HW, Choi YK. Short-term carcinogenicity study of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in FVB-Trp53 heterozygous mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280214. [PMID: 36608059 PMCID: PMC9821506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenicity tests predict the tumorigenic potential of various substances in the human body by studying tumor induction in experimental animals. There is a need for studies that explore the use of FVB/N-Trp53em2Hwl/Korl (FVB-Trp53+/-) mice, created by TALEN-mediated gene targeting in Korea, in carcinogenicity tests. This study was performed to determine whether FVB-Trp53+/- mice are a suitable model for short-term carcinogenicity studies. To compare the carcinogenicity at different concentrations, 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), a known carcinogen, were administered intraperitoneally to FVB-Trp53+/- and wild-type male mice. After 26 weeks, the survival rate was significantly reduced in FVB-Trp53+/- mice compared to the wild-type mice in the 50 and 75 mg/kg groups. The incidence of thymic malignant lymphoma (TML) in the 50 and 75 mg/kg groups was 54.2 and 59.1% in FVB-Trp53+/- male mice, respectively. TML metastasized to the lungs, spleen, lymph nodes, liver, kidney, and heart in FVB-Trp53+/- male mice. Furthermore, the incidence of primary lung tumors, such as adenomas and adenocarcinomas, was 65.4, 62.5, and 45.4% in the FVB-Trp53+/- mice of the 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg groups, respectively. The main tumor types in FVB-Trp53+/- mice were TML and primary lung tumors, regardless of the dose of MNU administered. These results suggest that systemic tumors may result from malfunctions in the p53 gene and pathway, which is an important factor in the pathogenesis of human cancers. Therefore, FVB-Trp53 heterozygous mice are suitable for short-term carcinogenicity tests using positive carcinogens, and that the best result using MNU, a positive carcinogen, might have a single dose of 50 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Won Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Min Seo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seon Yoo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Kang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Lee
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Kyu Choi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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He S, Li S, Guo J, Zeng X, Liang D, Zhu Y, Li Y, Yang D, Zhao X. CD166-specific CAR-T cells potently target colorectal cancer cells. Transl Oncol 2022; 27:101575. [PMID: 36327697 PMCID: PMC9637812 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is emerging as an effective cancer treatment, such as for hematological malignancies, however its effectiveness as an approach to treat solid tumors, such as in colorectal cancer (CRC), remains to be better developed. One area of intense development has been in the identification and characterization of novel cancer-related ligand receptors for CAR design and evaluation. It is known that the CD6 receptors CD166 and CD318 are highly expressed in CRC, and several CAR-Ts have also been explored in preclinical and clinical studies for the treatment of CRC, with promising safety and efficacy findings. Here, we constructed a CAR based on the extracellular domain of CD6 and demonstrate its cytotoxic effect in target positive human CRC cell lines. Unexpectedly, we found that CD6-CAR-T cells targeted CD166 instead of CD318. Furthermore, CD6-CAR-T cells show robust cytotoxicity to CD166-positive cell lines in a dose-dependent manner with cytokine IFN-γ significantly released. Particularly, CD6-CAR-T cells show potent cytotoxicity targeting CRC cancer stem cells (CSCs), highlighting that CD6-CAR-T is a promising approach for the therapy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai He
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Shirong Li
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaozhu Zeng
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Dandan Liang
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yongjie Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Dong Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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17
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Qi L, Xu X, Qi X. The giant E3 ligase HUWE1 is linked to tumorigenesis, spermatogenesis, intellectual disability, and inflammatory diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:905906. [PMID: 35937685 PMCID: PMC9355080 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.905906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases determine the substrate specificity and catalyze the ubiquitination of lysine residues. HUWE1 is a catalytic HECT domain-containing giant E3 ligase that contains a substrate-binding ring structure, and mediates the ubiquitination of more than 40 diverse substrates. HUWE1 serves as a central node in cellular stress responses, cell growth and death, signal transduction, etc. The expanding atlas of HUWE1 substrates presents a major challenge for the potential therapeutic application of HUWE1 in a particular disease. In addition, HUWE1 has been demonstrated to play contradictory roles in certain aspects of tumor progression in either an oncogenic or a tumor-suppressive manner. We recently defined novel roles of HUWE1 in promoting the activation of multiple inflammasomes. Inflammasome activation-mediated immune responses might lead to multifunctional effects on tumor therapy, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the known substrates and pleiotropic functions of HUWE1 in different types of cells and models, including its involvement in development, cancer, neuronal disorder and infectious disease. We also discuss the advances in cryo-EM-structural analysis for a functional-mechanistic understanding of HUWE1 in modulating the multitudinous diverse substrates, and introduce the possibility of revisiting the comprehensive roles of HUWE1 in multiple aspects within one microenvironment, which will shed light on the potential therapeutic application of targeting giant E3 ligases like HUWE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaopeng Qi
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Clinical Laboratory/Qilu Hospital, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaopeng Qi,
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18
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Lin K, Shen SH, Lu F, Zheng P, Wu S, Liao J, Jiang X, Zeng G, Wei D. CRISPR screening of E3 ubiquitin ligases reveals Ring Finger Protein 185 as a novel tumor suppressor in glioblastoma repressed by promoter hypermethylation and miR-587. J Transl Med 2022; 20:96. [PMID: 35183197 PMCID: PMC8858481 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor. E3 ligases play important functions in glioma pathogenesis. CRISPR system offers a powerful platform for genome manipulation, while the screen of E3 ligases in GBM still remains to be explored. Here, we first constructed an E3 ligase small guide RNA (sgRNAs) library for glioma cells growth screening. After four passages, 299 significantly enriched or lost genes (SELGs) were compared with the initial state. Then the clinical significance of SELGs were validated and analyzed with TCGA glioblastoma and CGGA datasets. As RNF185 showed lost signal, decreased expression and favorable prognostic significance, we chose RNF185 for functional analysis. In vitro overexpressed cellular phenotype showed that RNF185 was a tumor suppressor in two glioma cell lines. Finally, the molecular mechanism of decreased RNF185 expression was investigated and increased miR-587 expression and DNA hypermethylation was evaluated. This study would provide a link between the molecular basis and glioblastoma pathogenesis, and a novel perspective for glioblastoma treatment.
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Abstract
p53, the guardian of the genome, is a short-lived protein that is tightly controlled at low levels by constant ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in higher organisms. p53 stabilization and activation are early crucial events to cope with external stimuli in cells. However, the role of p53 ubiquitination and its relevant molecular mechanisms have not been addressed in invertebrates. In this study, our findings revealed that both HUWE1 (HECT, UBA, and WWE domain-containing E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 1) and TRAF6 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6) could serve as E3 ubiquitin ligases for p53 in mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain). Moreover, the expression of HUWE1 and TRAF6 was significantly downregulated during white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, and therefore the ubiquitination of p53 was interrupted, leading to the activation of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signals through p53 accumulation, which eventually suppressed viral invasion in the mud crabs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal the p53 ubiquitination simultaneously induced by two E3 ligases in arthropods, which provides a novel molecular mechanism of invertebrates for resistance to viral infection. IMPORTANCE p53, which is a well-known tumor suppressor that has been widely studied in higher animals, has been reported to be tightly controlled at low levels by ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. However, recent p53 ubiquitination-relevant research mainly involved an individual E3 ubiquitin ligase, but not whether there exist other mechanisms that need to be explored. The results of this study show that HUWE1 and TRAF6 could serve as p53 E3 ubiquitin ligases and synchronously mediate p53 ubiquitination in mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain), which confirmed the diversity of the p53 ubiquitination regulatory pathway. In addition, the effects of p53 ubiquitination are mainly focused on tumorigenesis, but a few are focused on the host immune defense in invertebrates. Our findings reveal that p53 ubiquitination could affect ROS and apoptosis signals to cope with WSSV infection in mud crabs, which is the first clarification of the immunologic functions and mechanisms of p53 ubiquitination in invertebrates.
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20
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Guo J, He S, Zhu Y, Yu W, Yang D, Zhao X. Humanized CD30-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Exhibit Potent Preclinical Activity Against Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:775599. [PMID: 35096811 PMCID: PMC8790321 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.775599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CD30-directed chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) with single chain antibody fragment (scFv)-binding domains from murine HRS3 show strong cytotoxicity to Hodgkin’s Lymphoma cells and have been used in clinical trials. However, murine scFv in CAR might induce specific rejective immune responses in patients, which compromises the therapeutic effects. The use of human or humanized antibody fragments for CAR construction, rather than those derived from mouse antibodies, can reduce the immunogenicity of the CAR. Importantly, this strategy might simultaneously decrease the risk of cytokine-mediated toxicities and improve CAR T cell persistence. Murine HRS3 antibody has been successfully humanized by grafting the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) from the mouse antibody framework onto human immunoglobulin consensus sequences, followed by an in vitro evolutionary strategy to select functional Fab fragments with the same affinity as murine sources. In this study, humanized scFvs were utilized to construct a CD30-directed CAR (hHRS3-CAR), and its effectiveness was compared with that of HRS3-CAR. The hHRS3-CAR-T cells specifically kill CD30-positive tumor cell lines in vitro and eliminate lymphoma xenografts in immunodeficient mice with comparable efficiency to HRS3-CAR. The hHRS-CAR-T could be used in clinical trials based on the previously reported advantages of humanized CARs, such as the reduction of immune rejection and better persistence of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuai He
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjie Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Hsu MT, Wang YK, Tseng YJ. Exosomal Proteins and Lipids as Potential Biomarkers for Lung Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030732. [PMID: 35158999 PMCID: PMC8833740 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Exosomes (or extracellular vesicles) are known to mediate intercellular communication and to transmit molecular signals between cells. Molecules carried by exosomes have their own molecular roles in affecting surrounding and distant environment, as well as recipient cells. Molecular components of exosomes can be used as cancer biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, being promising therapeutic targets for the interruption of cellular signals. Therefore, the understanding of the molecular compositions and their functional indications of exosomes has the potential to help doctors to diagnose and monitor diseases and to allow researchers to design and develop potential targeted therapies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive protein and lipid characterization of lung cancer exosomes and to explore their molecular functions and mechanisms regulating physiological and pathological processes. This organization offers informative insight for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. Abstract Exosomes participate in cell–cell communication by transferring molecular components between cells. Previous studies have shown that exosomal molecules derived from cancer cells and liquid biopsies can serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The exploration of the molecules transferred by lung cancer-derived exosomes can advance the understanding of exosome-mediated signaling pathways and mechanisms. However, the molecular characterization and functional indications of exosomal proteins and lipids have not been comprehensively organized. This review thoroughly collected data concerning exosomal proteins and lipids from various lung cancer samples, including cancer cell lines and cancer patients. As potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, exosomal proteins and lipids are available for clinical use in lung cancer. Potential therapeutic targets are mentioned for the future development of lung cancer therapy. Molecular functions implying their possible roles in exosome-mediated signaling are also discussed. Finally, we emphasized the importance and value of lung cancer stem cell-derived exosomes in lung cancer therapy. In summary, this review presents a comprehensive description of the protein and lipid composition and function of lung cancer-derived exosomes for lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tsung Hsu
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ke Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;
| | - Yufeng Jane Tseng
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 2 inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer through ubiquitination of Notch1. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151818. [PMID: 34971948 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the role of MIB2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the underlying mechanism. Quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) and western blot were first performed to detect MIB2 expression in tumor tissues obtained from NSCLC patients (n = 30) and NSCLC cells, respectively. 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) and transwell assays were then used to examine the effect of MIB2 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Western blot was further performed to examine the effect of Mind bomb 2 (MIB2), an E3 ligase on Notch1 protein and its ubiquitination. MIB2 was significantly down-regulated in NSCLC tissues and cells, both in mRNA and protein level. MIB2 also note worthily inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, MIB2 only down-regulated Notch1 protein level, while facilitated the ubiquitination of Notch1. Additionally, Notch1 significantly relieved the repressed proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells induced by MIB2. Conclusively, MIB2 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion via inducing Notch1 ubiquitination and degradation in NSCLC.
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Márquez-Cantudo L, Ramos A, Coderch C, de Pascual-Teresa B. Proteasomal Degradation of Zn-Dependent Hdacs: The E3-Ligases Implicated and the Designed Protacs That Enable Degradation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185606. [PMID: 34577077 PMCID: PMC8467390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein degradation by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System is one of the main mechanisms of the regulation of cellular proteostasis, and the E3 ligases are the key effectors for the protein recognition and degradation. Many E3 ligases have key roles in cell cycle regulation, acting as checkpoints and checkpoint regulators. One of the many important proteins involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are the members of the Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) family. The importance of zinc dependent HDACs in the regulation of chromatin packing and, therefore, gene expression, has made them targets for the design and synthesis of HDAC inhibitors. However, achieving potency and selectivity has proven to be a challenge due to the homology between the zinc dependent HDACs. PROteolysis TArgeting Chimaera (PROTAC) design has been demonstrated to be a useful strategy to inhibit and selectively degrade protein targets. In this review, we attempt to summarize the E3 ligases that naturally ubiquitinate HDACs, analyze their structure, and list the known ligands that can bind to these E3 ligases and be used for PROTAC design, as well as the already described HDAC-targeted PROTACs.
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Wenmaekers S, Viergever BJ, Kumar G, Kranenburg O, Black PC, Daugaard M, Meijer RP. A Potential Role for HUWE1 in Modulating Cisplatin Sensitivity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051262. [PMID: 34065298 PMCID: PMC8160634 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used antineoplastic agent, whose efficacy is limited by primary and acquired therapeutic resistance. Recently, a bladder cancer genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out screen correlated cisplatin sensitivity to multiple genetic biomarkers. Among the screen’s top hits was the HECT domain-containing ubiquitin E3 ligase (HUWE1). In this review, HUWE1 is postulated as a therapeutic response modulator, affecting the collision between platinum-DNA adducts and the replication fork, the primary cytotoxic action of platins. HUWE1 can alter the cytotoxic response to platins by targeting essential components of the DNA damage response including BRCA1, p53, and Mcl-1. Deficiency of HUWE1 could lead to enhanced DNA damage repair and a dysfunctional apoptotic apparatus, thereby inducing resistance to platins. Future research on the relationship between HUWE1 and platins could generate new mechanistic insights into therapy resistance. Ultimately, HUWE1 might serve as a clinical biomarker to tailor cancer treatment strategies, thereby improving cancer care and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Wenmaekers
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (B.J.V.); (O.K.)
- Department of Oncological Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan J. Viergever
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (B.J.V.); (O.K.)
- Department of Oncological Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gunjan Kumar
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (G.K.); (P.C.B.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Onno Kranenburg
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (B.J.V.); (O.K.)
| | - Peter C. Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (G.K.); (P.C.B.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (G.K.); (P.C.B.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (R.P.M.)
| | - Richard P. Meijer
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (B.J.V.); (O.K.)
- Department of Oncological Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (R.P.M.)
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25
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Guo Y, Li L, Xu T, Guo X, Wang C, Li Y, Yang Y, Yang D, Sun B, Zhao X, Shao G, Qi X. HUWE1 mediates inflammasome activation and promotes host defense against bacterial infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:6301-6316. [PMID: 33104527 DOI: 10.1172/jci138234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which inflammasome activation is modulated remains unclear. In this study, we identified an AIM2-interacting protein, the E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1, which was also found to interact with NLRP3 and NLRC4 through the HIN domain of AIM2 and the NACHT domains of NLRP3 and NLRC4. The BH3 domain of HUWE1 was important for its interaction with NLRP3, AIM2, and NLRC4. Caspase-1 maturation, IL-1β release, and pyroptosis were reduced in Huwe1-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) compared with WT BMDMs in response to stimuli to induce NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, the activation of NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 inflammasomes in both mouse and human cells was remarkably reduced by treatment with the HUWE1 inhibitor BI8622. HUWE1 mediated the K27-linked polyubiquitination of AIM2, NLRP3, and NLRC4, which led to inflammasome assembly, ASC speck formation, and sustained caspase-1 activation. Huwe1-deficient mice had an increased bacterial burden and decreased caspase-1 activation and IL-1β production upon Salmonella, Francisella, or Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Our study provides insights into the mechanisms of inflammasome activation as well as a potential therapeutic target against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Longjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaomin Guo
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chaoming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yihui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models and Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models and Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models and Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Genze Shao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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26
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Xu Z, Wu W, Yan H, Hu Y, He Q, Luo P. Regulation of p53 stability as a therapeutic strategy for cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 185:114407. [PMID: 33421376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 participates in the control of key biological functions such as cell death, metabolic homeostasis and immune function, which are closely related to various diseases such as tumors, metabolic disorders, infection and neurodegeneration. The p53 gene is also mutated in approximately 50% of human cancer cells. Mutant p53 proteins escape from the ubiquitination-dependent degradation, gain oncogenic function and promote the carcinogenesis, malignant progression, metastasis and chemoresistance. Therefore, the stability of both wild type and mutant p53 needs to be precisely regulated to maintain normal functions and targeting the p53 stability is one of the therapeutic strategies against cancer. Here, we focus on compound-induced degradation of p53 by both the ubiquitination-dependent proteasome and autophagy-lysosome degradation pathways. We also review other posttranslational modifications which control the stability of p53 and the biological functions involved in these processes. This review provides the current theoretical basis for the regulation of p53 abundance and its possible applications in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Xu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Wentong Wu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuhuai Hu
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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The E3 ligase HUWE1 mediates TGFBR2 ubiquitination and promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:713-723. [PMID: 33405091 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-01041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
HUWE1, as a well-known E3 ligase, has an oncogenic or tumor-suppressive role in various cancers by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of substrates. However, the role and action mechanism of HUWE1 in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether HUWE1 plays a role in GC development in vitro by mediating transforming growth factor-β receptor 2 (TGFBR2) ubiquitination and degradation. HUWE1 was overexpressed in SGCA-7901 GC cells and silenced in MGC-803 GC cells. Then, GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated by MTT assay and Transwell migration and invasion assay, respectively. The regulatory effect and mechanism of HUWE1 on TGFBR2 expression were assessed by qRT-PCR, western blot, and ubiquitination assay. HUWE1 mRNA and protein levels were higher in human GC tissues than in matched noncancerous gastric tissues. HUWE1 overexpression promoted, whereas HUWE1 silencing inhibited GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. HUWE1 promoted ubiquitination and degradation of TGFBR2. TGFBR2 overexpression impaired the tumor-promoting effect of HUWE1 overexpression in regulating GC cell behaviors. HUWE1 promoted GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, at least partially, by mediating TGFBR2 ubiquitination. Our data indicated a novel regulatory mechanism of HUWE1 in GC development, and provided a potential idea for the disease treatment.
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Maltas J, Reed H, Porter A, Malliri A. Mechanisms and consequences of dysregulation of the Tiam family of Rac activators in disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2703-2719. [PMID: 33200195 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Tiam family proteins - Tiam1 and Tiam2/STEF - are Rac1-specific Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEFs) with important functions in epithelial, neuronal, immune and other cell types. Tiam GEFs regulate cellular migration, proliferation and survival, mainly through activating and directing Rac1 signalling. Dysregulation of the Tiam GEFs is significantly associated with human diseases including cancer, immunological and neurological disorders. Uncovering the mechanisms and consequences of dysregulation is therefore imperative to improving the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Here we compare and contrast the subcellular localisation and function of Tiam1 and Tiam2/STEF, and review the evidence for their dysregulation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Maltas
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Hannah Reed
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Andrew Porter
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Angeliki Malliri
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, U.K
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Celebi G, Kesim H, Ozer E, Kutlu O. The Effect of Dysfunctional Ubiquitin Enzymes in the Pathogenesis of Most Common Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176335. [PMID: 32882786 PMCID: PMC7503467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a multi-step enzymatic process that involves the marking of a substrate protein by bonding a ubiquitin and protein for proteolytic degradation mainly via the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). The process is regulated by three main types of enzymes, namely ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2), and ubiquitin ligases (E3). Under physiological conditions, ubiquitination is highly reversible reaction, and deubiquitinases or deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) can reverse the effect of E3 ligases by the removal of ubiquitin from substrate proteins, thus maintaining the protein quality control and homeostasis in the cell. The dysfunction or dysregulation of these multi-step reactions is closely related to pathogenic conditions; therefore, understanding the role of ubiquitination in diseases is highly valuable for therapeutic approaches. In this review, we first provide an overview of the molecular mechanism of ubiquitination and UPS; then, we attempt to summarize the most common diseases affecting the dysfunction or dysregulation of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Celebi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (G.C.); (H.K.); (E.O.)
| | - Hale Kesim
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (G.C.); (H.K.); (E.O.)
| | - Ebru Ozer
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (G.C.); (H.K.); (E.O.)
| | - Ozlem Kutlu
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-216-483-9000 (ext. 2413)
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30
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Abstract
Ubiquitination is a modification after protein transcription that plays a vital role in maintaining the homeostasis of the cellular environment. The Homologous to E6AP C-terminus (HECT) family E3 ubiquitin ligases are a kind of E3 ubiquitin ligases with a C-terminal HECT domain that mediates the binding of ubiquitin to substrate proteins and a variable-length N-terminal extension. HECT-ubiquitinated ligases can be divided into three categories: NEDD4 superfamily, HERC superfamily, and other HECT superfamilies. HECT ubiquitin ligase plays an essential role in the development of many human diseases. In this review, we focus on the physiological and pathological processes involved in oxidative stress and the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase of the HECT family.
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Luo Z, Ye X, Shou F, Cheng Y, Li F, Wang G. RNF115-mediated ubiquitination of p53 regulates lung adenocarcinoma proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:425-431. [PMID: 32553631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) represents approximately 40% of all lung cancer cases and is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Although combined treatment, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgical treatment and immunotherapy, has been used in treating LAC, the five-year survival rate of patients with LAC has not significantly improved. Therefore, it is vital for cancer research to investigate novel prognostic markers and new targets for molecular targeted therapy in LAC. TP53 is an important tumor suppressor gene and is frequently inactivated in lung cancer, thus upregulation or activation of p53 may be a novel targeted therapy for LAC. The present study found that RNF115 mediates ubiquitination of p53 and predicts poor prognosis of patients with LAC. Functionally, it was demonstrated that disruption of RNF115 significantly inhibited cell viability in vitro through inducing G1 phase arrest of LAC cells, which reduced tumor growth in an xenograft model. Taken together, these results suggest that RNF115 could be a novel prognostic biomarker and the RNF115-p53 axis may be a potential target for LAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Luo
- Department of Oncology, the People's Hospital of Jianyang, No.180 Hospital Road, Jianyang City, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Oncology, the People's Hospital of Deyang, No.173 Taishangbei Road, Deyang City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Feng Shou
- Department of Oncology, the People's Hospital of Jianyang, No.180 Hospital Road, Jianyang City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Oncology, the People's Hospital of Jianyang, No.180 Hospital Road, Jianyang City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fugang Li
- Department of Oncology, the People's Hospital of Jianyang, No.180 Hospital Road, Jianyang City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Oncology, the People's Hospital of Jianyang, No.180 Hospital Road, Jianyang City, Sichuan Province, China
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The E3 ligase HUWE1 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to target MYC in multiple myeloma. Oncogene 2020; 39:5001-5014. [PMID: 32523091 PMCID: PMC7329634 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors have provided a significant advance in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Consequently, there is increasing interest in developing strategies to target E3 ligases, de-ubiquitinases, and/or ubiquitin receptors within the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, with an aim to achieve more specificity and reduced side-effects. Previous studies have shown a role for the E3 ligase HUWE1 in modulating c-MYC, an oncogene frequently dysregulated in MM. Here we investigated HUWE1 in MM. We identified elevated expression of HUWE1 in MM compared with normal cells. Small molecule-mediated inhibition of HUWE1 resulted in growth arrest of MM cell lines without significantly effecting the growth of normal bone marrow cells, suggesting a favorable therapeutic index. Studies using a HUWE1 knockdown model showed similar growth inhibition. HUWE1 expression positively correlated with MYC expression in MM bone marrow cells and correspondingly, genetic knockdown and biochemical inhibition of HUWE1 reduced MYC expression in MM cell lines. Proteomic identification of HUWE1 substrates revealed a strong association of HUWE1 with metabolic processes in MM cells. Intracellular glutamine levels are decreased in the absence of HUWE1 and may contribute to MYC degradation. Finally, HUWE1 depletion in combination with lenalidomide resulted in synergistic anti-MM activity in both in vitro and in vivo models. Taken together, our data demonstrate an important role of HUWE1 in MM cell growth and provides preclinical rationale for therapeutic strategies targeting HUWE1 in MM.
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Ma X, Ren H, Peng R, Li Y, Ming L. Identification of key genes associated with progression and prognosis for lung squamous cell carcinoma. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9086. [PMID: 32411535 PMCID: PMC7210810 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a major subtype of lung cancer with limited therapeutic options and poor clinical prognosis. Methods Three datasets (GSE19188, GSE33532 and GSE33479) were obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LUSC and normal tissues were identified by GEO2R, and functional analysis was employed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) online tool. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) and hub genes were identified via the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and Cytoscape software. Hub genes were further validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Subsequently, survival analysis was performed using the Kapla-Meier curve and Cox progression analysis. Based on univariate and multivariate Cox progression analysis, a gene signature was established to predict overall survival. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the prognostic value of the model. Results A total of 116 up-regulated genes and 84 down-regulated genes were identified. These DEGs were mainly enriched in the two pathways: cell cycle and p53 signaling way. According to the degree of protein nodes in the PPI network, 10 hub genes were identified. The mRNA expression levels of the 10 hub genes in LUSC were also significantly up-regulated in the TCGA database. Furthermore, a novel seven-gene signature (FLRT3, PPP2R2C, MMP3, MMP12, CAPN8, FILIP1 and SPP1) from the DEGs was constructed and acted as a significant and independent prognostic signature for LUSC. Conclusions The 10 hub genes might be tightly correlated with LUSC progression. The seven-gene signature might be an independent biomarker with a significant predictive value in LUSC overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huijun Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruoyu Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liang Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Wu KJ. The role of miRNA biogenesis and DDX17 in tumorigenesis and cancer stemness. Biomed J 2020; 43:107-114. [PMID: 32513392 PMCID: PMC7283569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stemness represents one of the major mechanisms that predispose patients to tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and treatment resistance. MicroRNA biogenesis is an important process controlling miRNA processing and maturation. Deregulation of miRNA biogenesis can lead to tumorigenesis and cancer stemness. DDX17 is a co-factor of the miRNA microprocessor. Misregulation of DDX17 can be associated with cancer stemness. K63-linked polyubiquitination of DDX17 presents a concerted mechanism of decreased synthesis of stemness-inhibiting miRNAs and increased transcriptional activation of stemness-related gene expression. K63-linked polyubiquitination of HAUSP serves as a scaffold to anchor HIF-1α, CBP, the mediator complex, and the super-elongation complex to enhance HIF-1α-induced gene transcription. Recent progress in RNA modifications shows that RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a crucial mechanism to regulate RNA levels. M6A modification of miRNAs can also be linked to tumorigenesis and cancer stemness. Overall, miRNA biogenesis and K63-linked polyubiquitination of DDX17 play an important role in the induction of cancer stemness. Delineation of the mechanisms and identification of suitable targets may provide new therapeutic options for treatment-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou-Juey Wu
- Cancer Genome Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Hu Y, Yu J, Wang Q, Zhang L, Chen X, Cao Y, Zhao J, Xu Y, Jiang D, Wang Y, Xiong W. Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5/ACP5 Interacts with p53 to Control the Expression of SMAD3 in Lung Adenocarcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 16:272-288. [PMID: 32181328 PMCID: PMC7066063 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5 (TRAP/ACP5) has been shown to involve the development and prognosis of multiple tumors in previous studies; however, the mechanism in lung cancer is still unclear, and thus this study investigated the role of ACP5 in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. After a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we observed that ACP5 expression was increased in lung adenocarcinomas (40/69, 57.97%); importantly, an increased ACP5 level was associated with patient age (p = 0.044) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0385). ACP5 overexpression significantly enhanced A549 and NCI-H1975 cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and reduced cell apoptosis. Knocking down the expression of ACP5 could rescue the above cell phenotypes. Furthermore, enhancing ACP5 expression promoted lung adenocarcinoma cell hyperplasia and intrapulmonary metastasis in a mouse model. Additionally, mechanistic studies revealed that ACP5 might regulate p53 phosphorylation at Ser392, thereby enhancing the ubiquitination of p53, which then underwent degradation. Reducing the levels of p53 intensified the transcription of SMAD3, which promotes EMT in lung adenocarcinoma cells. In summary, the present study provides a theoretical basis and important scientific evidence on the key role of ACP5 in lung adenocarcinoma progression by inducing EMT via the regulation of p53/SMAD3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xueying Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dingsheng Jiang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
- Corresponding author: Yi Wang, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Weining Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Lu, Shanghai 200011, China
- Corresponding author: Weining Xiong, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan Clinical Medical Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China.
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The structure and regulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 and its biological functions in cancer. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:515-524. [PMID: 32008177 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
E3 ligases are a class of critical enzymes that can catalyse the transfer of ubiquitin (Ub) from an E2 enzyme to the substrate and are essential to cellular processes. The E3 ligase HUWE1 (also known as ARF-BP1, HECTH9, HSPC272, Ib772, LASU1, MULE, URE-B1, UREB1, and HECT, UBA and WWE domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1) is encoded by the huwe1 gene. HUWE1 is a key regulator of the DNA damage response, transcription, autophagy, apoptosis and metabolism in a variety of cancers. Due to its pivotal role in conferring substrate specificity, HUWE1 has attracted enormous attention as a promising anticancer drug target. In this review, we indicate the specific molecular structure of HUWE1 and its role in various cellular signalling pathways and highlight new insights into HUWE1 in cancer. Finally, we discuss outstanding questions regarding HUWE1 in oncology and highlight its limitations in drug development and clinical guidance to better define the role of HUWE1 in multiple cancers.
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Lei K, Ma B, Shi P, Jin C, Ling T, Li L, He X, Wang L. Icariin Mitigates the Growth and Invasion Ability of Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Inhibiting Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Phosphorylation of NF-κB P65. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:299-307. [PMID: 32021276 PMCID: PMC6971293 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s214514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive malignancy worldwide. Icariin (ICA), an active ingredient of flavonoids, has been demonstrated to possess antitumor activity in diverse cancers. Whereas, the role of ICAin OSCC is still unclear. METHODS Herein, we investigated the anti-tumor effects of ICA in vitro and in vivo. CCK-8, colony formation and trans-well assay were used to examined viability, proliferation and invasion in SCC-9 and SCC-15 cell lines, respectively. Next, we tested the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NF-κB P65 by western blot or immunofluorescence staining. Finally, we constructed a xenograft mice model to investigate the effect of ICA in vivo. RESULTS In vitro, ICA decreased the human oral squamous cells viability, proliferation and invasion in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, ICA decreased the phosphorylation level of P65 and down-regulated TLR4 protein. In vivo, compared with control, ICA significantly suppressed the tumor size and weight. In addition, ICA downregulated the levels of Ki67 and VEGF markedly. Dramatically, ICA decreased the phosphorylation level of P65 in tumor tissues. CONCLUSION Taken together, ICA could act as a anticancer drug against OSCC to mitigate the growth and invasion ability, the underlying mechanism may due to the down-regulation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lei
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan628000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Ma
- Department of Respiratory, Central Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan628000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Shi
- Department of Respiratory, Central Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan628000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Che Jin
- Endodontics Department, Dental Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tan Ling
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan628000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyi He
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lunchang Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan628000, People’s Republic of China
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Mindikoglu AL, Abdulsada MM, Jain A, Choi JM, Jalal PK, Devaraj S, Mezzari MP, Petrosino JF, Opekun AR, Jung SY. Intermittent fasting from dawn to sunset for 30 consecutive days is associated with anticancer proteomic signature and upregulates key regulatory proteins of glucose and lipid metabolism, circadian clock, DNA repair, cytoskeleton remodeling, immune system and cognitive function in healthy subjects. J Proteomics 2020; 217:103645. [PMID: 31927066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Murine studies showed that disruption of circadian clock rhythmicity could lead to cancer and metabolic syndrome. Time-restricted feeding can reset the disrupted clock rhythm, protect against cancer and metabolic syndrome. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that intermittent fasting for several consecutive days without calorie restriction in humans would induce an anticarcinogenic proteome and the key regulatory proteins of glucose and lipid metabolism. Fourteen healthy subjects fasted from dawn to sunset for over 14 h daily. Fasting duration was 30 consecutive days. Serum samples were collected before 30-day intermittent fasting, at the end of 4th week during 30-day intermittent fasting, and one week after 30-day intermittent fasting. An untargeted serum proteomic profiling was performed using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Our results showed that 30-day intermittent fasting was associated with an anticancer serum proteomic signature, upregulated key regulatory proteins of glucose and lipid metabolism, circadian clock, DNA repair, cytoskeleton remodeling, immune system, and cognitive function, and resulted in a serum proteome protective against cancer, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, Alzheimer's disease, and several neuropsychiatric disorders. These findings suggest that fasting from dawn to sunset for 30 consecutive days can be preventive and adjunct therapy in cancer, metabolic syndrome, and several cognitive and neuropsychiatric diseases. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study has important clinical implications. Our results showed that intermittent fasting from dawn to sunset for over 14 h daily for 30 consecutive days was associated with an anticancer serum proteomic signature and upregulated key regulatory proteins of glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin signaling, circadian clock, DNA repair, cytoskeleton remodeling, immune system, and cognitive function, and resulted in a serum proteome protective against cancer, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, Alzheimer's disease, and several neuropsychiatric disorders. Importantly, these findings occurred in the absence of any calorie restriction and significant weight loss. These findings suggest that intermittent fasting from dawn to sunset can be a preventive and adjunct therapy in cancer, metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer's disease and several neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse L Mindikoglu
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America; Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America.
| | - Mustafa M Abdulsada
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Antrix Jain
- Advanced Technology Core, Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Advanced Technology Core, Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Prasun K Jalal
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America; Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Clinical Chemistry and Point of Care Technology, Texas Children's Hospital and Health Centers, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Melissa P Mezzari
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Joseph F Petrosino
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Antone R Opekun
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Advanced Technology Core, Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America; Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
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Chen Z, Xu W. Targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases to sensitize cancer radiation therapy. PRECISION RADIATION ONCOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pro6.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zan Chen
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical School Boston USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular SciencesJohns Hopkins University, School of Medicine Baltimore USA
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Wang Z, Wang Z, Niu X, Liu J, Wang Z, Chen L, Qin B. Identification of seven-gene signature for prediction of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5979-5988. [PMID: 31440059 PMCID: PMC6664418 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s198998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), is a pathological subtype of lung cancer, accounting for 30% of the lung cancers. A reliable model was constructed, based on the whole gene expression profiles, to predict the prognosis of patients with LUSC. Methods: The RNA-Seq data of LUSC was downloaded from the TCGA database, and differentially expressed genes (p<0.05, |log2fold change| >1) were screened out. By univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, we identified seven prognosis-related genes. Then, we established a risk score staging system to predict the prognosis of patients with LUSC. Compared with other clinical parameters, the risk score was an independent prognostic factor and had a better performance in predicting prognosis. Finally, GSEA analysis was carried out to determine the enrichment pathway significantly. The risk score models were established by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis; the ROC curve was applied to test the performance of risk score model. All the statistical analysis was accomplished by R packages. Results: In this study, a model was constructed to predict prognosis, which contains seven genes: CSRNP1, CLEC18B, MIR27A, AC130456.4, DEFA6, ARL14EPL, and ZFP42. Based on the model, the risk score of each patient was calculated with LUSC (hazard ratio [HR]=2.673, 95% CI=1.871-3.525). It was found that the risk score can distinguish high-risk and low-risk groups in prognosis of LUSC patients, independently. Furthermore, the model was validated by ROC curves in the testing dataset and the whole dataset. Lastly, by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we showed the main enrichment pathways were DNA damage stimulus, DNA repair, and DNA replication. It was suggested that the risk score may provide a new and reliable method for prognosis prediction. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that the risk score based on seven-genes could indicate a promising and independent prognostic biomarker for LUSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongmiao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Niu
- Department of Second Clinical College, Shengjing Hospital affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Science Experiment Center of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuning Wang
- Department of Second Clinical College, Shengjing Hospital affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Department of Third Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoli Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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Yang D, Sun B, Dai H, Li W, Shi L, Zhang P, Li S, Zhao X. T cells expressing NKG2D chimeric antigen receptors efficiently eliminate glioblastoma and cancer stem cells. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:171. [PMID: 31288857 PMCID: PMC6617951 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional therapies fail to cure most glioblastoma patients and the 5-year survival rate is less than 10%, highlighting need for new therapeutic approaches. The natural killer group 2 member D ligands (NKG2DLs) are highly expressed in glioblastomas and are considered promising targets for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of NKG2D-expressing CAR-T cells on glioblastomas and glioblastoma stem cells. METHODS The expression of NKG2DLs was analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. NKG2D-BBz CAR, containing the extracellular domain of NKG2D, was constructed and delivered into T cells by lentiviral particles. In vitro cytotoxicity of the CAR-T cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Release of cytokine, perforin and granzyme B was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The therapeutic efficacy of NKG2D-BBz CAR-T cells in vivo was evaluated using subcutaneous tumor models. The safety of the CAR was analyzed by investigating the effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and karyotype. RESULTS Our data confirmed the high expression of NKG2DLs in human glioblastoma cells, cancer stem cells, and tumor samples. Further, the NKG2D-BBz CAR-T cells efficiently lysed glioblastoma cells and cancer stem cells in vitro and produced high levels of cytokines, perforin, and granzyme B. The CAR-T cells markedly eliminated xenograft tumors in vivo and did not exhibit significant treatment-related toxicity in the treated mice. The CAR expression also did not exert any obvious effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and genomic stability. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that NKG2D CAR-T cells targeted glioblastoma cells and cancer stem cells in an NKG2D-dependent manner, supporting the use of CAR-T therapy in glioblastoma therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 East Jiaochang Road, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,Laboratory of tumor animal models and anti-aging, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 East Jiaochang Road, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,Laboratory of tumor animal models and anti-aging, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongjiu Dai
- Nanjing Kaedi Biotech Co. Ltd, 18 Zhilan Road, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenxuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Shi
- Oncology Department of Yanan Hospital, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Peixian Zhang
- Oncology Department of Yanan Hospital, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Shirong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 East Jiaochang Road, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 East Jiaochang Road, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China. .,Laboratory of tumor animal models and anti-aging, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. .,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xu H. LIMCH1 suppress the growth of lung cancer by interacting with HUWE1 to sustain p53 stability. Gene 2019; 712:143963. [PMID: 31279706 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.143963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to identify the expression of LIM and calponin-homology domains 1 (LIMCH1) in lung cancer and normal tissues, to determine the interaction between LIMCH1 and HUWE1 in regulating p53 stability. METHODS The expression of LIMCH1 was detected by the Oncomine and Cancer Genome Atlas databases. Expression of LIMCH1 mRNA was identified using qRT-PCR. In transfected human lung cancer cells, co-immunoprecipitation experiments were performed. The mechanism that HUWE1 sustained lung cancer malignancy was verified by western blotting. The proliferation of tranfected cells was assessed by CCK-8 assay and colony formation. RESULTS Bioinformatic data and e TCGA database suggested LIMCH1 mRNA levels in tumor tissues were down-regulated compared to tumor adjacent tissues. We found low expression of LIMCH1 mRNA in tumor sites and tumor cell line. Exogenous expression of LIMCH1 interacts with HUWE1 promotes expression of p53. Use of siRNA or shRNA against LIMCH1 resulted in decreased p53 protein levels. LIMCH1 deletion lead to enhance of p53 ubiquitination and protein expression of p53 and substrate p21, puma. Growth curve showed that LIMCH1 deletion significantly promoted the proliferation of A549 cells. CONCLUSIONS LIMCH1 was a negative regulator and indicated a new molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of lung cancer via modulating HUWE1 and p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing, Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, China.
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing, Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing, Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, China
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Mitophagy in Cancer: A Tale of Adaptation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050493. [PMID: 31121959 PMCID: PMC6562743 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
:In the past years, we have learnt that tumors co-evolve with their microenvironment, and that the active interaction between cancer cells and stromal cells plays a pivotal role in cancer initiation, progression and treatment response. Among the players involved, the pathways regulating mitochondrial functions have been shown to be crucial for both cancer and stromal cells. This is perhaps not surprising, considering that mitochondria in both cancerous and non-cancerous cells are decisive for vital metabolic and bioenergetic functions and to elicit cell death. The central part played by mitochondria also implies the existence of stringent mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, where a specialized autophagy pathway (mitophagy) ensures the selective removal of damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria. Although the molecular underpinnings of mitophagy regulation in mammalian cells remain incomplete, it is becoming clear that mitophagy pathways are intricately linked to the metabolic rewiring of cancer cells to support the high bioenergetic demand of the tumor. In this review, after a brief introduction of the main mitophagy regulators operating in mammalian cells, we discuss emerging cell autonomous roles of mitochondria quality control in cancer onset and progression. We also discuss the relevance of mitophagy in the cellular crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment and in anti-cancer therapy responses.
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He GQ, Xu WM, Liao HJ, Jiang C, Li CQ, Zhang W. Silencing Huwe1 reduces apoptosis of cortical neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1977-1985. [PMID: 31290456 PMCID: PMC6676871 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.259620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
HECT, UBA and WWE domain-containing 1 (Huwe1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, is widely expressed in brain tissue. Huwe1 is involved in the turnover of numerous substrates, including p53, Mcl-1, Cdc6 and N-myc, thereby playing a critical role in apoptosis and neurogenesis. However, the role of Huwe1 in brain ischemia and reperfusion injury remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the role of Huwe1 in an in vitro model of ischemia and reperfusion injury. At 3 days in vitro, primary cortical neurons were transduced with a control or shRNA-Huwe1 lentiviral vector to silence expression of Huwe1. At 7 days in vitro, the cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 3 hours and reperfusion for 24 hours. To examine the role of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 pathway, cortical neurons were pretreated with a JNK inhibitor (SP600125) or a p38MAPK inhibitor (SB203508) for 30 minutes at 7 days in vitro, followed by ischemia and reperfusion. Neuronal apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. Protein expression levels of JNK and p38MAPK and of apoptosis-related proteins (p53, Gadd45a, cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2) were measured by western blot assay. Immunofluorescence labeling for cleaved caspase-3 was performed. We observed a significant increase in neuronal apoptosis and Huwe1 expression after ischemia and reperfusion. Treatment with the shRNA-Huwe1 lentiviral vector markedly decreased Huwe1 levels, and significantly decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells after ischemia and reperfusion. The silencing vector also downregulated the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and upregulated the anti-apoptotic proteins Gadd45a and Bcl-2. Silencing Huwe1 also significantly reduced p-JNK levels and increased p-p38 levels. Our findings show that downregulating Huwe1 affects the JNK and p38MAPK signaling pathways as well as the expression of apoptosis-related genes to provide neuroprotection during ischemia and reperfusion. All animal experiments and procedures were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Sichuan University, China in January 2018 (approval No. 2018013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qian He
- Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen-Ming Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui-Juan Liao
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chuan Jiang
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chang-Qing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Chen D, Gehringer M, Lorenz S. Developing Small-Molecule Inhibitors of HECT-Type Ubiquitin Ligases for Therapeutic Applications: Challenges and Opportunities. Chembiochem 2018; 19:2123-2135. [PMID: 30088849 PMCID: PMC6471174 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin system regulates countless physiological and disease-associated processes and has emerged as an attractive entryway for therapeutic efforts. With over 600 members in the human proteome, ubiquitin ligases are the most diverse class of ubiquitylation enzymes and pivotal in encoding specificity in ubiquitin signaling. Although considerable progress has been made in the identification of small molecules targeting RING ligases, relatively little is known about the "druggability" of HECT (homologous to E6AP C terminus) ligases, many of which are critically implicated in human pathologies. A major obstacle to optimizing the few available ligands is our incomplete understanding of their inhibitory mechanisms and the structural basis of catalysis in HECT ligases. Here, we survey recent approaches to manipulate the activities of HECT ligases with small molecules to showcase the particular challenges and opportunities these enzymes hold as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental BiomedicineUniversity of WürzburgJosef-Schneider-Strasse 2, Haus D1597080WürzburgGermany
| | - Matthias Gehringer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 872076TübingenGermany
| | - Sonja Lorenz
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental BiomedicineUniversity of WürzburgJosef-Schneider-Strasse 2, Haus D1597080WürzburgGermany
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