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Shu G, Wang C, Song A, Zheng Z, Zheng S, Song Y, Wang X, Yu H, Yin S, Deng X. Water extract of earthworms mitigates kidney injury triggered by oxidative stress via activating intrarenal Sirt1/Nrf2 cascade and ameliorating mitochondrial damage. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024:118648. [PMID: 39089659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury can result in acute renal failure. Oxidative stress is a major factor in IR-induced cell death in the kidneys. According to traditional Chinese medicine, earthworms (Pheretima aspergillum) can be used to treat various kidney diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to understand the protective effects of the water extract of earthworms (WEE) against oxidative stress on the kidneys and the crucial molecular events associated with its nephroprotective activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity caused by H2O2 in HEK293, HK2, and primary mouse renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) was used to investigate the effect of WEE on oxidative stress-induced renal injury in vitro. IR-induced kidney injury was established using rats as an in vivo model. The WEE-mediated protection of the kidneys against oxidative stress was compared with that of glutathione, a common antioxidant used as a positive control. RESULTS In HEK293 cells, HK2 cells, and primary mouse TECs, WEE relieved H2O2-induced mitochondrial damage, apoptosis, and ferroptosis. In kidney cells, WEE increased the expression of Sirt1, boosted LKB1 and AMPK phosphorylation, and upregulated nuclear Nrf2. Suppression of Sirt1 and LKB1 knock down abrogated WEE-induced protection against H2O2. WEE ameliorated IR-induced kidney injury and intrarenal inflammation in rats. In rat kidneys, WEE mitigated mitochondrial damage and suppressed IR-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis. Mechanistically, WEE increased Sirt1 expression, enhanced the phosphorylation of LKB1 and AMPK, and increased intranuclear Nrf2 levels in IR kidneys. IR treatment resulted in considerable increase in renal MDA levels and a prominent decrease in antioxidative enzyme activity. These lesions were significantly alleviated by WEE. CONCLUSIONS WEE mitigated H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in kidney cells in vitro and improved IR-induced kidney damage in rats. Mechanistically, WEE potentiated the Sirt1/Nrf2 axis and relieved mitochondrial damage in the kidney cells. These events inhibited the apoptosis and ferroptosis induced by oxidative stress. Our findings support the potential application of WEE for the clinical treatment of kidney diseases caused by intrarenal oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Shu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anning Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanglu Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huifan Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Shijin Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xukun Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China.
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Wei X, Liu Q, Liu L, Wang D, Liu J, Zhu Q, Xu Z, Chen Q, Xu W. Discovery of the Natural Bibenzyl Compound Erianin in Dendrobium Inhibiting the Growth and EMT of Gastric Cancer through Downregulating the LKB1-SIK2/3-PARD3 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7973. [PMID: 39063214 PMCID: PMC11277420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Erianin, a bibenzyl compound found in dendrobium extract, has demonstrated broad anticancer activity. However, its mechanism of action in gastric cancer (GC) remains poorly understood. LKB1 is a tumor-suppressor gene, and its mutation is an important driver of various cancers. Yet some studies have reported contradictory findings. In this study, we combined bioinformatics and in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate the effect and potential mechanism of Erianin in the treatment of GC. The results show that LKB1 was highly expressed in patients' tumor tissues and GC cells, and it was associated with poor patient prognosis. Erianin could promote GC cell apoptosis and inhibit the scratch repair, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics. Erianin dose-dependently inhibited the expression of LKB1, SIK2, SIK3, and PARD3 but had no significant effect on SIK1. Erianin also inhibited tumor growth in CDX mice model. Unexpectedly, 5-FU also exhibited a certain inhibitory effect on LKB1. The combination of Erianin and 5-FU significantly improved the anti-tumor efficacy of 5-FU in the growth of GC cells and xenograft mouse models. In summary, Erianin is a potential anti-GC compound that can inhibit GC growth and EMT properties by targeting the LKB1-SIK2/3-PARD3-signaling axis. The synergistic effect of Erianin and 5-FU suggests a promising therapeutic strategy for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (X.W.); (Q.Z.); (Q.C.)
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (Q.L.); (L.L.); (D.W.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Qunshan Liu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (Q.L.); (L.L.); (D.W.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Liu Liu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (Q.L.); (L.L.); (D.W.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Dan Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (Q.L.); (L.L.); (D.W.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (Q.L.); (L.L.); (D.W.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Qizhi Zhu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (X.W.); (Q.Z.); (Q.C.)
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (Q.L.); (L.L.); (D.W.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Ziming Xu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (Q.L.); (L.L.); (D.W.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Qi Chen
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (X.W.); (Q.Z.); (Q.C.)
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (Q.L.); (L.L.); (D.W.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Weiping Xu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (X.W.); (Q.Z.); (Q.C.)
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (Q.L.); (L.L.); (D.W.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei 230001, China
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Yu P, Gu T, Rao Y, Liang W, Zhang X, Jiang H, Lu J, She J, Guo J, Yang W, Liu Y, Tu Y, Tang L, Zhou X. A novel marine-derived anti-acute kidney injury agent targeting peroxiredoxin 1 and its nanodelivery strategy based on ADME optimization. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:3232-3250. [PMID: 39027260 PMCID: PMC11252462 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Insufficient therapeutic strategies for acute kidney injury (AKI) necessitate precision therapy targeting its pathogenesis. This study reveals the new mechanism of the marine-derived anti-AKI agent, piericidin glycoside S14, targeting peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1). By binding to Cys83 of PRDX1 and augmenting its peroxidase activity, S14 alleviates kidney injury efficiently in Prdx1-overexpression (Prdx1-OE) mice. Besides, S14 also increases PRDX1 nuclear translocation and directly activates the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway to inhibit ROS production. Due to the limited druggability of S14 with low bioavailability (2.6%) and poor renal distribution, a pH-sensitive kidney-targeting dodecanamine-chitosan nanoparticle system is constructed to load S14 for precise treatment of AKI. l-Serine conjugation to chitosan imparts specificity to kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1)-overexpressed cells. The developed S14-nanodrug exhibits higher therapeutic efficiency by improving the in vivo behavior of S14 significantly. By encapsulation with micelles, the AUC0‒t , half-life time, and renal distribution of S14 increase 2.5-, 1.8-, and 3.1-fold, respectively. The main factors contributing to the improved druggability of S14 nanodrugs include the lower metabolic elimination rate and UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT)-mediated biotransformation. In summary, this study identifies a new therapeutic target for the marine-derived anti-AKI agent while enhancing its ADME properties and druggability through nanotechnology, thereby driving advancements in marine drug development for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tanwei Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yueyang Rao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weimin Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Huanguo Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jindi Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianglian She
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Jianmin Guo
- Guangdong Lewwin Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Innovative Drug Evaluation and Research, Guangzhou 510990, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Guangdong Lewwin Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Innovative Drug Evaluation and Research, Guangzhou 510990, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Wang P, Chen W, Li B, Yang S, Li W, Zhao S, Ning J, Zhou X, Cheng F. Exosomes on the development and progression of renal fibrosis. Cell Prolif 2024:e13677. [PMID: 38898750 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a prevalent pathological alteration that occurs throughout the progression of primary and secondary renal disorders towards end-stage renal disease. As a complex and irreversible pathophysiological phenomenon, it includes a sequence of intricate regulatory processes at the molecular and cellular levels. Exosomes are a distinct category of extracellular vesicles that play a crucial role in facilitating intercellular communication. Multiple pathways are regulated by exosomes produced by various cell types, including tubular epithelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells, in the context of renal fibrosis. Furthermore, research has shown that exosomes present in bodily fluids, including urine and blood, may be indicators of renal fibrosis. However, the regulatory mechanism of exosomes in renal fibrosis has not been fully elucidated. This article reviewed and analysed the various mechanisms by which exosomes regulate renal fibrosis, which may provide new ideas for further study of the pathophysiological process of renal fibrosis and targeted treatment of renal fibrosis with exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihan Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wu Chen
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Bojun Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Songyuan Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jinzhuo Ning
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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Zhang YY, Jin PP, Guo DZ, Bian D. Modified Zhenwu Tang delays chronic renal failure progression by modulating oxidative stress and hypoxic responses in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31265. [PMID: 38803876 PMCID: PMC11128522 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is a critical pathological feature of chronic renal failure (CRF), with oxidative stress (OS) and hypoxic responses in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells playing pivotal roles in disease progression. This study explores the effects of Modified Zhenwu Tang (MZWT) on these processes, aiming to uncover its potential mechanisms in slowing CRF progression. Methods We used adenine (Ade) to induce CRF in rats, which were then treated with benazepril hydrochloride (Lotensin) and MZWT for 8 weeks. Assessments included liver and renal function, electrolytes, blood lipids, renal tissue pathology, OS levels, the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway, inflammatory markers, and other relevant indicators. In vitro, human renal cortical proximal tubular epithelial cells were subjected to hypoxia and lipopolysaccharide for 72 h, with concurrent treatment using MZWT, FM19G11, and N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Measurements taken included reactive oxygen species (ROS), HIF pathway activity, inflammatory markers, and other relevant indicators. Results Ade treatment induced significant disruptions in renal function, blood lipids, electrolytes, and tubulointerstitial architecture, alongside heightened OS, HIF pathway activation, and inflammatory responses in rats. In vivo, MZWT effectively ameliorated proteinuria, renal dysfunction, lipid and electrolyte imbalances, and renal tissue damage; it also suppressed OS, HIF pathway activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in proximal tubular epithelial cells, and reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines and collagen fibers. In vitro findings demonstrated that MZWT decreased apoptosis, reduced ROS production, curbed OS, HIF pathway activation, and EMT in proximal tubular epithelial cells, and diminished the output of inflammatory cytokines and collagen. Conclusion OS and hypoxic responses significantly contribute to TIF development. MZWT mitigates these responses in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, thereby delaying the progression of CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-yuan Zhang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Pei-pei Jin
- Hebei Yiling Hospital, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Deng-zhou Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Chang'an District, Zhongshan East Road 389, 050011, China
| | - Dong Bian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Chang'an District, Zhongshan East Road 389, 050011, China
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Li T, Yang K, Gao W, Peng F, Zou X. Cellular senescence in acute kidney injury: Target and opportunity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 706:149744. [PMID: 38479244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical disease with a high incidence and mortality rate. It typically arises from hemodynamic alterations, sepsis, contrast agents, and toxic drugs, instigating a series of events that culminate in tissue and renal damage. This sequence of processes often leads to acute renal impairment, prompting the initiation of a repair response. Cellular senescence is an irreversible arrest of the cell cycle. Studies have shown that renal cellular senescence is closely associated with AKI through several mechanisms, including the promotion of oxidative stress and inflammatory response, telomere shortening, and the down-regulation of klotho expression. Exploring the role of cellular senescence in AKI provides innovative therapeutic ideas for both the prevention and treatment of AKI. Furthermore, it has been observed that targeted removal of senescent cells in vivo can efficiently postpone senescence, resulting in an enhanced prognosis for diseases associated with senescence. This article explores the effects of common anti-senescence drugs senolytics and senostatic and lifestyle interventions on renal diseases, and mentions the rapid development of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These studies have taken senescence-related research to a new level. Overall, this article comprehensively summarizes the studies on cellular senescence in AKI, aiming is to elucidate the relationship between cellular senescence and AKI, and explore treatment strategies to improve the prognosis of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Kexin Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Fujun Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xiangyu Zou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
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Yu B, Jin Q, Ji J. Natural products applied in acute kidney injury treatment: polymer matters. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:621-633. [PMID: 38131274 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01772a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a global health threat due to its high morbidity and mortality. There is still a lack of effective therapeutic methods to deal with AKI clinically. Natural products with outstanding accessibility and bioactivity are potential candidates for AKI treatment. Natural product-based prodrugs or nano-structures with improved properties are frequently fabricated for maximizing bioavailability and decreasing side effects, in which natural polymers are selected as carriers, or natural drugs are loaded as cargos on designed polymers. In this review, the etiologies of AKI are briefly presented, and emerging natural products delivered rationally for AKI therapy, as either carriers or cargos, are both introduced. Moreover, the challenges of the future development of nature-based nanodrugs or prodrugs for AKI have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Zhou Z, Li Y, Jiang W, Wang Z. Molecular Mechanism of Calycosin Inhibited Vascular Calcification. Nutrients 2023; 16:99. [PMID: 38201929 PMCID: PMC10781010 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a pathological condition frequently observed in cardiovascular diseases. Primary factors contributing to VC are osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle and hydroxyapatite deposition. Targeted autophagy (a lysosome-mediated mechanism for degradation/recycling of unnecessary cellular components) is a useful approach for inhibiting VC and promoting vascular cell health. Calycosin has been shown to alleviate atherosclerosis by enhancing macrophage autophagy, but its therapeutic effect on VC has not been demonstrated. Using an in vitro model (rat thoracic aortic smooth muscle cell line A7r5), we demonstrated effective inhibition of VC using calycosin (the primary flavonoid component of astragalus), based on the enhancement of autophagic flux. Calycosin treatment activated AMPK/mTOR signaling to induce initiation of autophagy and restored mTORC1-dependent autophagosome-lysosome fusion in late-stage autophagy by promoting soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex formation, thereby preventing stoppage of autophagy in calcified cells. Calycosin substantially reduced degrees of both osteogenic differentiation and calcium deposition in our VC cell model by enhancing autophagy. The present findings clarify the mechanism whereby calycosin mitigates autophagy stoppage in calcified smooth muscle cells and provide a basis for effective VC treatment via autophagy enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Zhou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yi Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Zengli Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
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Amador-Martínez I, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Bernabe-Yepes B, Aranda-Rivera AK, Cruz-Gregorio A, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Tapia E. Mitochondrial Impairment: A Link for Inflammatory Responses Activation in the Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15875. [PMID: 37958859 PMCID: PMC10650149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome type 4 (CRS type 4) occurs when chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to cardiovascular damage, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. Mitochondria, vital organelles responsible for essential cellular functions, can become dysfunctional in CKD. This dysfunction can trigger inflammatory responses in distant organs by releasing Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These DAMPs are recognized by immune receptors within cells, including Toll-like receptors (TLR) like TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway. Activation of these immune receptors leads to the increased expression of cytokines and chemokines. Excessive chemokine stimulation results in the recruitment of inflammatory cells into tissues, causing chronic damage. Experimental studies have demonstrated that chemokines are upregulated in the heart during CKD, contributing to CRS type 4. Conversely, chemokine inhibitors have been shown to reduce chronic inflammation and prevent cardiorenal impairment. However, the molecular connection between mitochondrial DAMPs and inflammatory pathways responsible for chemokine overactivation in CRS type 4 has not been explored. In this review, we delve into mechanistic insights and discuss how various mitochondrial DAMPs released by the kidney during CKD can activate TLRs, NLRP3, and cGAS-STING immune pathways in the heart. This activation leads to the upregulation of chemokines, ultimately culminating in the establishment of CRS type 4. Furthermore, we propose using chemokine inhibitors as potential strategies for preventing CRS type 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Amador-Martínez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (I.A.-M.); (A.K.A.-R.)
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - Bismarck Bernabe-Yepes
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (I.A.-M.); (A.K.A.-R.)
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (O.E.A.-T.); (L.G.S.-L.)
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Yu F, Wang M, Luo K, Sun L, Yu S, Zuo J, Wang Y. Expression Profiles of Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Articular Cartilage of Rats Exposed to T-2 Toxin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13703. [PMID: 37762015 PMCID: PMC10530968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
T-2 toxin could induce bone damage. But there is no specific mechanism about the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in T-2 toxin-induced articular cartilage injury. In this study, 24 SD rats were randomly divided into a control group and a T-2 group, which were administered 4% absolute ethanol and 100 ng/g · bw/day of T-2 toxin, respectively. After treatment for 4 weeks, safranin O/fast green staining identified the pathological changes in the articular cartilage of rats, and immunofluorescence verified the autophagy level increase in the T-2 group. Total RNA was isolated, and high-throughput sequencing was performed. A total of 620 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) were identified, and 326 target genes were predicted. Enrichment analyses showed that the target genes of DE-lncRNAs were enriched in the autophagy-related biological processes and pathways. According to the autophagy database, a total of 23 autophagy-related genes were identified, and five hub genes (Foxo3, Foxo1, Stk11, Hdac4, and Rela) were screened using the Maximal Clique Centrality algorithm. The Human Protein Atlas database indicated that Rela and Hdac4 proteins were highly expressed in the bone marrow tissue, while Foxo3, Foxo1, and Stk11 proteins were reduced. According to Enrichr, etoposide and diatrizoic acid were identified as the key drugs. The real-time quantitative PCR results were consistent with the RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) results. These results suggested that autophagy was involved in the rat articular cartilage lesions induced by T-2 toxin. The lncRNAs of NONRATG014223.2, NONRATG012484.2, NONRATG021591.2, NONRATG024691.2, and NONRATG002808.2, and their target genes of Foxo3, Foxo1, Stk11, Hdac4, and Rela, respectively, were the key regulator factors of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanjie Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (F.Y.); (M.W.); (K.L.); (L.S.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.)
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11
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Li S, Luo Z, Su S, Wen L, Xian G, Zhao J, Xu X, Xu D, Zeng Q. Targeted inhibition of PTPN22 is a novel approach to alleviate osteogenic responses in aortic valve interstitial cells and aortic valve lesions in mice. BMC Med 2023; 21:252. [PMID: 37443055 PMCID: PMC10347738 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02888-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most prevalent valvular disease and has high morbidity and mortality. CAVD is characterized by complex pathophysiological processes, including inflammation-induced osteoblastic differentiation in aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs). Novel anti-CAVD agents are urgently needed. Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22), an intracellular nonreceptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase, is involved in several chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes. However, it is unclear whether PTPN22 is involved in the pathogenesis of CAVD. METHODS We obtained the aortic valve tissue from human and cultured AVICs from aortic valve. We established CAVD mice model by wire injury. Transcriptome sequencing, western bolt, qPCR, and immunofluorescence were performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Here, we determined that PTPN22 expression was upregulated in calcific aortic valve tissue, AVICs treated with osteogenic medium, and a mouse model of CAVD. In vitro, overexpression of PTPN22 induced osteogenic responses, whereas siRNA-mediated PTPN22 knockdown abolished osteogenic responses and mitochondrial stress in the presence of osteogenic medium. In vivo, PTPN22 ablation ameliorated aortic valve lesions in a wire injury-induced CAVD mouse model, validating the pathogenic role of PTPN22 in CAVD. Additionally, we discovered a novel compound, 13-hydroxypiericidin A 10-O-α-D-glucose (1 → 6)-β-D-glucoside (S18), in a marine-derived Streptomyces strain that bound to PTPN22 with high affinity and acted as a novel inhibitor. Incubation with S18 suppressed osteogenic responses and mitochondrial stress in human AVICs induced by osteogenic medium. In mice with aortic valve injury, S18 administration markedly alleviated aortic valve lesions. CONCLUSION PTPN22 plays an essential role in the progression of CAVD, and inhibition of PTPN22 with S18 is a novel option for the further development of potent anti-CAVD drugs. Therapeutic inhibition of PTPN22 retards aortic valve calcification through modulating mitochondrial dysfunction in AVICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zichao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shuwen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Liming Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Gaopeng Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dingli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Qingchun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Huang J, Liang Y, Zhou L. Natural products for kidney disease treatment: Focus on targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1142001. [PMID: 37007023 PMCID: PMC10050361 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1142001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The patients with kidney diseases are increasing rapidly all over the world. With the rich abundance of mitochondria, kidney is an organ with a high consumption of energy. Hence, renal failure is highly correlated with the breakup of mitochondrial homeostasis. However, the potential drugs targeting mitochondrial dysfunction are still in mystery. The natural products have the superiorities to explore the potential drugs regulating energy metabolism. However, their roles in targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney diseases have not been extensively reviewed. Herein, we reviewed a series of natural products targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and mitochondrial dynamics. We found lots of them with great medicinal values in kidney disease. Our review provides a wide prospect for seeking the effective drugs targeting kidney diseases.
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