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Schraven S, Brück R, Rosenhain S, Lemainque T, Heines D, Noormohammadian H, Pabst O, Lederle W, Gremse F, Kiessling F. CT- and MRI-Aided Fluorescence Tomography Reconstructions for Biodistribution Analysis. Invest Radiol 2024; 59:504-512. [PMID: 38038691 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Optical fluorescence imaging can track the biodistribution of fluorophore-labeled drugs, nanoparticles, and antibodies longitudinally. In hybrid computed tomography-fluorescence tomography (CT-FLT), CT provides the anatomical information to generate scattering and absorption maps supporting a 3-dimensional reconstruction from the raw optical data. However, given the CT's limited soft tissue contrast, fluorescence reconstruction and quantification can be inaccurate and not sufficiently detailed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can overcome these limitations and extend the options for tissue characterization. Thus, we aimed to establish a hybrid CT-MRI-FLT approach for whole-body imaging and compared it with CT-FLT. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MRI-based hybrid imaging approaches were established first by scanning a water and coconut oil-filled phantom, second by quantifying Cy7 concentrations of inserts in dead mice, and finally by analyzing the biodistribution of AF750-labeled immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA) in living SKH1 mice. Magnetic resonance imaging, acquired with a fat-water-separated mDixon sequence, CT, and FLT were co-registered using markers in the mouse holder frame filled with white petrolatum, which was solid, stable, and visible in both modalities. RESULTS Computed tomography-MRI fusion was confirmed by comparing the segmentation agreement using Dice scores. Phantom segmentations showed good agreement, after correction for gradient linearity distortion and chemical shift. Organ segmentations in dead and living mice revealed adequate agreement for fusion. Marking the mouse holder frame and the successful CT-MRI fusion enabled MRI-FLT as well as CT-MRI-FLT reconstructions. Fluorescence tomography reconstructions supported by CT, MRI, or CT-MRI were comparable in dead mice with 60 pmol fluorescence inserts at different locations. Although standard CT-FLT reconstruction only considered general values for soft tissue, skin, lung, fat, and bone scattering, MRI's more versatile soft tissue contrast enabled the additional consideration of liver, kidneys, and brain. However, this did not change FLT reconstructions and quantifications significantly, whereas for extending scattering maps, it was important to accurately segment the organs and the entire mouse body. The various FLT reconstructions also provided comparable results for the in vivo biodistribution analyses with fluorescent immunoglobulins. However, MRI additionally enabled the visualization of gallbladder, thyroid, and brain. Furthermore, segmentations of liver, spleen, and kidney were more reliable due to better-defined contours than in CT. Therefore, the improved segmentations enabled better assignment of fluorescence signals and more differentiated conclusions with MRI-FLT. CONCLUSIONS Whole-body CT-MRI-FLT was implemented as a novel trimodal imaging approach, which allowed to more accurately assign fluorescence signals, thereby significantly improving pharmacokinetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schraven
- From the Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (S.S., R.B., S.R., T.L., D.H., W.L., F.G., F.K.); Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (H.N., O.P.); Gremse-IT GmbH, Aachen, Germany (S.R., F.G.); Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (T.L.); Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (F.K.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Institute for Medical Image Computing, Aachen, Germany (F.K.)
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He Z, Zhang L, Xing L, Sun W, Gao X, Zhang Y, Gao F. IR780-based diffuse fluorescence tomography for cancer detection. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300493. [PMID: 38329194 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
IR780 iodide is a commercially available targeted near-infrared contrast agent for in vivo imaging and cancer photodynamic or photothermal therapy, whereas the accumulation, dynamics, and retention of IR780 in biological tissue, especially in tumor is still under-explored. Diffuse fluorescence tomography (DFT) can be used for localization and quantification of the three-dimensional distribution of NIR fluorophores. Herein, a homemade DFT imaging system combined with tumor-targeted IR780 was utilized for cancer imaging and pharmacokinetic evaluation. The aim of this study is to comprehensively assess the biochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of IR780 with the aid of DFT imaging. The optimal IR780 concentration (20 μg/mL) was achieved first. Subsequently, the good biocompatibility and cellar uptake of IR780 was demonstrated through the mouse acute toxic test and cell assay. In vivo, DFT imaging effectively identified various subcutaneous tumors and revealed the long-term retention of IR780 in tumors and rapid metabolism in the liver. Ex vivo imaging indicated IR780 was mainly concentrated in tumor and lung with significantly different from the distribution in other organs. DFT imaging allowed sensitive tumor detection and pharmacokinetic rates analysis. Simultaneously, the kinetics of IR780 in tumors and liver provided more valuable information for application and development of IR780.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanxia He
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingxiu Xing
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiujun Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Möckel D, Bartneck M, Niemietz P, Wagner M, Ehling J, Rama E, Weiler M, Gremse F, Eulberg D, Pola R, Pechar M, Etrych T, Storm G, Kiessling F, Tacke F, Lammers T. CCL2 chemokine inhibition primes the tumor vasculature for improved nanomedicine delivery and efficacy. J Control Release 2024; 365:358-368. [PMID: 38016488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessel functionality is crucial for efficient tumor-targeted drug delivery. Heterogeneous distribution and perfusion of angiogenic blood vessels contribute to suboptimal accumulation of (nano-) therapeutics in tumors and metastases. To attenuate pathological angiogenesis, an L-RNA aptamer inhibiting the CC motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) was administered to mice bearing orthotopic 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer tumors. The effect of CCL2 inhibition on tumor blood vessel functionality and tumor-targeted drug delivery was evaluated via multimodal and multiscale optical imaging, employing fluorophore-labeled polymeric (10 nm) and liposomal (100 nm) nanocarriers. Anti-CCL2 treatment induced a dose-dependent anti-angiogenic effect, reflected by a decreased relative blood volume, increased blood vessel maturity and functionality, and reduced macrophage infiltration, accompanied by a shift in the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) towards a less M2-like and more M1-like phenotype. In line with this, CCL2 inhibitor treatment improved the delivery of polymers and liposomes to tumors, and enhanced the antitumor efficacy of free and liposomal doxorubicin. Together, these findings demonstrate that blocking the CCL2-CCR2 axis modulates TAM infiltration and polarization, resulting in vascular normalization and improved tumor-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Möckel
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Bartneck
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Niemietz
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Wagner
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Josef Ehling
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elena Rama
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marek Weiler
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Gremse-IT GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Robert Pola
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pechar
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Etrych
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, University of Twente, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany.
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Schraven S, Rosenhain S, Brueck R, Wiechmann TM, Pola R, Etrych T, Lederle W, Lammers T, Gremse F, Kiessling F. Dye labeling for optical imaging biases drug carriers' biodistribution and tumor uptake. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 48:102650. [PMID: 36623712 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biodistribution analyses of nanocarriers are often performed with optical imaging. Though dye tags can interact with transporters, e.g., organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), their influence on biodistribution was hardly studied. Therefore, this study compared tumor cell uptake and biodistribution (in A431 tumor-bearing mice) of four near-infrared fluorescent dyes (AF750, IRDye750, Cy7, DY-750) and dye-labeled poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)-based nanocarriers (dye-pHPMAs). Tumor cell uptake of hydrophobic dyes (Cy7, DY-750) was higher than that of hydrophilic dyes (AF750, IRDye750), and was actively mediated but not related to OATPs. Free dyes' elimination depended on their hydrophobicity, and tumor uptake correlated with blood circulation times. Dye-pHPMAs circulated longer and accumulated stronger in tumors than free dyes. Dye labeling significantly influenced nanocarriers' tumor accumulation and biodistribution. Therefore, low-interference dyes and further exploration of dye tags are required to achieve the most unbiased results possible. In our assessment, AF750 and IRDye750 best qualified for labeling hydrophilic nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schraven
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Rosenhain
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Gremse-IT GmbH, Dennewartstrasse 25, 52068 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ramona Brueck
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Marvin Wiechmann
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Pola
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wiltrud Lederle
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Gremse-IT GmbH, Dennewartstrasse 25, 52068 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Fraunhofer MEVIS, Institute for Medical Image Computing, Aachen, Germany.
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Möhlhenrich SC, Kniha K, Magnuska Z, Chhatwani S, Hermanns-Sachweh B, Gremse F, Hölzle F, Danesh G, Modabber A. Development of root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement after cleft repair using different grafting materials in rats. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5809-5821. [PMID: 35567639 PMCID: PMC9474460 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of three grafting materials for cleft repair on orthodontic tooth movement in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Artificial alveolar clefts were created in 21 Wistar rats and were repaired 4 weeks later using autografts, human xenografts and synthetic bone substitute (beta-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite [β-TCP/HA]). A further 4 weeks later, the first molar was moved into the reconstructed maxilla. Microfocus computed tomography (μCT) was performed six times (T0-T5) to assess the tooth movement and root resorption. After 8 weeks, the affected reconstructed jaw was resected for histopathological investigation. RESULTS Total distances reached ranged from 0.82 ± 0.72 mm (β-TCP/HA) to 0.67 ± 0.27 mm (autograft). The resorption was particularly determined at the mesiobuccal root. Descriptive tooth movement slowed and root resorption increased slightly. However, neither the radiological changes during tooth movement (µCT T1 vs. µCT T5: autograft 1.85 ± 0.39 mm3 vs. 2.38 ± 0.35 mm3, p = 0.30; human xenograft 1.75 ± 0.45 mm3 vs. 2.17 ± 0.26 mm3, p = 0.54; β-TCP/HA: 1.52 ± 0.42 mm3 vs. 1.88 ± 0.41 mm3, p = 0.60) nor the histological differences after tooth movement (human xenograft: 0.078 ± 0.05 mm2; β-TCP/HA: 0.067 ± 0.049 mm2; autograft: 0.048 ± 0.015 mm2) were statistically significant. CONCLUSION The autografts, human xenografts or synthetic bone substitute used for cleft repair seem to have a similar effect on the subsequent orthodontic tooth movement and the associated root resorptions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Development of root resorptions seems to have a secondary role in choosing a suitable grafting material for cleft repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristian Kniha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zuzanna Magnuska
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Department of Nanomedicine and Theragnostic, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sachin Chhatwani
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen Str. 45, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | | | - Felix Gremse
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Department of Nanomedicine and Theragnostic, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hölzle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gholamreza Danesh
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen Str. 45, 58455, Witten, Germany
| | - Ali Modabber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Mixing Matrix-corrected Whole-body Pharmacokinetic Modeling Using Longitudinal Micro-computed Tomography and Fluorescence-mediated Tomography. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:963-974. [PMID: 34231106 PMCID: PMC8578052 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pharmacokinetic modeling can be applied to quantify the kinetics of fluorescently labeled compounds using longitudinal micro-computed tomography and fluorescence-mediated tomography (μCT-FMT). However, fluorescence blurring from neighboring organs or tissues and the vasculature within tissues impede the accuracy in the estimation of kinetic parameters. Contributions of elimination and retention activities of fluorescent probes inside the kidneys and liver can be hard to distinguish by a kinetic model. This study proposes a deconvolution approach using a mixing matrix to model fluorescence contributions to improve whole-body pharmacokinetic modeling. PROCEDURES In the kinetic model, a mixing matrix was applied to unmix the fluorescence blurring from neighboring tissues and blood vessels and unmix the fluorescence contributions of elimination and retention in the kidney and liver compartments. Accordingly, the kinetic parameters of the hepatobiliary and renal elimination routes and five major retention sites (the kidneys, liver, bone, spleen, and lung) were investigated in simulations and in an in vivo study. In the latter, the pharmacokinetics of four fluorescently labeled compounds (indocyanine green (ICG), HITC-iodide-microbubbles (MB), Cy7-nanogels (NG), and OsteoSense 750 EX (OS)) were evaluated in BALB/c nude mice. RESULTS In the simulations, the corrected modeling resulted in lower relative errors and stronger linear relationships (slopes close to 1) between the estimated and simulated parameters, compared to the uncorrected modeling. For the in vivo study, MB and NG showed significantly higher hepatic retention rates (P<0.05 and P<0.05, respectively), while OS had smaller renal and hepatic retention rates (P<0.01 and P<0.01, respectively). Additionally, the bone retention rate of OS was significantly higher (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The mixing matrix correction improves pharmacokinetic modeling and thus enables a more accurate assessment of the biodistribution of fluorescently labeled pharmaceuticals by μCT-FMT.
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Evaluation of different grafting materials for alveolar cleft repair in the context of orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13586. [PMID: 34193933 PMCID: PMC8245488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To minimize the postoperative risks posed by grafting autologous transplants for cleft repair, efforts are being made to improve grafting materials for use as potential alternatives. The aim of this study was to compare the bone graft quality of different bone substitutes including the gold standard autografts during the healing processes after cleft repair in the context of orthodontic treatment. In 21 Wistar rats, a complete, continuity-interrupting cleft was created. After 4 weeks, cleft repair was performed using autografts from the hips’ ischial tuberosity, human xenografts, or synthetic bone substitutes [beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/hydroxyapatite (HA)]. After another 4 weeks, the first molar movement was initiated in the reconstructed jaw for 8 weeks. The bone remodeling was analyzed in vivo using micro-computed tomography (bone mineral density and bone volume fraction) and histology (new bone formation). All the grafting materials were statistically different in bone morphology, which changed during the treatment period. The β-TCP/HA substitute demonstrated less resorption compared to the autologous and xenogeneic/human bone, and the autografts led to a stronger reaction in the surrounding bone. Histologically, the highest level of new bone formation was found in the human xenografts, and the lowest was found in the β-TCP/HA substitute. The differences between the two bone groups and the synthetic materials were statistically significant. Autografts were confirmed to be the gold standard in cleft repair with regard to graft integration. However, parts of the human xenograft seemed comparable to the autografts. Thus, this substitute could perhaps be used as an alternative after additional tissue-engineered modification.
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Riba A, Hassani K, Walker A, van Best N, von Zezschwitz D, Anslinger T, Sillner N, Rosenhain S, Eibach D, Maiga-Ascofaré O, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Basic M, Binz A, Mocek S, Sodeik B, Bauerfeind R, Mohs A, Trautwein C, Kiessling F, May J, Klingenspor M, Gremse F, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Bleich A, Torow N, von Bergen M, Hornef MW. Disturbed gut microbiota and bile homeostasis in Giardia-infected mice contributes to metabolic dysregulation and growth impairment. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/565/eaay7019. [PMID: 33055245 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay7019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although infection with the human enteropathogen Giardia lamblia causes self-limited diarrhea in adults, infant populations in endemic areas experience persistent pathogen carriage in the absence of diarrhea. The persistence of this protozoan parasite in infants has been associated with reduced weight gain and linear growth (height-for-age). The mechanisms that support persistent infection and determine the different disease outcomes in the infant host are incompletely understood. Using a neonatal mouse model of persistent G. lamblia infection, we demonstrate that G. lamblia induced bile secretion and used the bile constituent phosphatidylcholine as a substrate for parasite growth. In addition, we show that G. lamblia infection altered the enteric microbiota composition, leading to enhanced bile acid deconjugation and increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 15. This resulted in elevated energy expenditure and dysregulated lipid metabolism with reduced adipose tissue, body weight gain, and growth in the infected mice. Our results indicate that this enteropathogen's modulation of bile acid metabolism and lipid metabolism in the neonatal mouse host led to an altered body composition, suggesting how G. lamblia infection could contribute to growth restriction in infants in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambre Riba
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kasra Hassani
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alesia Walker
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Niels van Best
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Medical Microbiology and NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dunja von Zezschwitz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Teresa Anslinger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Sillner
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Stefanie Rosenhain
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Eibach
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marijana Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Binz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Mocek
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Beate Sodeik
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rudolf Bauerfeind
- Research Core Unit for Laser Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Antje Mohs
- Medizinische Klinik III, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Medizinische Klinik III, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jürgen May
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Software Tools for Computational Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany.,Gremse-IT GmbH, 52068 Aachen, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.,Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalia Torow
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Bruderstrase 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias W Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Change of Apoptosis and Glucose Metabolism in Lung Cancer Xenografts during Cytotoxic and Anti-Angiogenic Therapy Assessed by Annexin V Based Optical Imaging and 18F-FDG-PET/CT. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2021; 2021:6676337. [PMID: 34007252 PMCID: PMC8057888 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6676337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methods For apoptosis imaging, the near-infrared probe Annexin Vivo750 was used in combination with fluorescence molecular tomography and microcomputed tomography (FMT/µCT). Glucose metabolism was assessed using 18F-FDG-PET/CT. Five groups of nude mice bearing lung cancer xenografts (A549) were investigated: (i) untreated controls and two groups after (ii) cytotoxic (carboplatin) or (iii) anti-angiogenic (sunitinib) treatment for four and nine days, respectively. Imaging data were validated by immunohistochemistry. Results In response to carboplatin treatment, an inverse relation was found between the change in glucose metabolism and apoptosis in A549 tumors. Annexin Vivo showed a continually increasing tumor accumulation, while the tumor-to-muscle ratio of 18F-FDG continuously decreased during therapy. Immunohistochemistry revealed a significantly higher tumor apoptosis (p=0.007) and a minor but not significant reduction in vessel density only at day 9 of carboplatin therapy. Interestingly, during anti-angiogenic treatment there was an early drop in the tumor-to-muscle ratio between days 0 and 4, followed by a subsequent minor decrease (18F-FDG tumor-to-muscle-ratio: 1.9 ± 0.4; day 4: 1.1 ± 0.2; day 9: 1.0 ± 0.2; p=0.021 and p=0.001, respectively). The accumulation of Annexin Vivo continuously increased over time (Annexin Vivo: untreated: 53.7 ± 36.4 nM; day 4: 87.2 ± 53.4 nM; day 9: 115.1 ± 103.7 nM) but failed to display the very prominent early induction of tumor apoptosis that was found by histology already at day 4 (TUNEL: p=0.0036) together with a decline in vessel density (CD31: p=0.004), followed by no significant changes thereafter. Conclusion Both molecular imaging approaches enable visualizing the effects of cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic therapy in A549 tumors. However, the early and strong tumor apoptosis induced by the anti-angiogenic agent sunitinib was more sensitively and reliably captured by monitoring of the glucose metabolism as compared to Annexin V-based apoptosis imaging.
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10
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Kniha K, Bock A, Peters F, Magnuska ZA, Gremse F, Möhlhenrich SC, Hölzle F, Modabber A. Microstructural volumetric analysis of the jaw following dental implantation under systemic bisphosphonate delivery: An in vivo and ex vivo rat study. J Periodontol 2020; 92:66-75. [PMID: 33258110 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of bisphosphonate medication, dental implantation with a subsequent infection poses a relevant risk factor to suffer from medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. This rat study evaluated different implant materials under systemic bisphosphonate delivery using micro-computed tomography (μCT) images. METHODS Fifty-four rats were randomly allocated into a control group 1, test group 2 with intravenous drug application of zoledronic acid and test group 3 with a subcutaneous application of alendronic acid. After 4 weeks of drug delivery, the first molar on each side of the upper jaw was extracted, and either a zirconia or a titanium implant was immediately inserted. Radiological examinations at four timepoints before the operation, 1 week later, 6 weeks later and after 12 weeks of follow up included μCT measurements of the in vivo peri-implant bone loss. μCT measurements of the ex vivo peri-implant bony structure after 12 weeks follow-up covered the bone mineral density, -volume, -trabecular thickness and -separation. RESULTS Both test groups showed a significant increase in bone loss over time (P < 0.05). The clinical observations of exposed bone revealed that most cases occurred under alendronic acid delivery. Exposed bone was recorded only in the test groups around both titanium and zirconia implants. Regarding the peri-implant bony structure, no significant differences were found between both materials. CONCLUSIONS Systemic bisphosphonate delivery led to increased peri-implant bone loss over time after immediate implant insertion. In terms of bone resorption and bone quality parameters, no implant material was superior to the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Kniha
- Private clinic for oral and maxillofacial surgery, Kniha, Schlegel and colleagues, Munich, Germany.,Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Bock
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Peters
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zuzanna Anna Magnuska
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Frank Hölzle
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ali Modabber
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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11
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Biancacci I, Sun Q, Möckel D, Gremse F, Rosenhain S, Kiessling F, Bartneck M, Hu Q, Thewissen M, Storm G, Hennink WE, Shi Y, Rijcken CJ, Lammers T, Sofias AM. Optical imaging of the whole-body to cellular biodistribution of clinical-stage PEG-b-pHPMA-based core-crosslinked polymeric micelles. J Control Release 2020; 328:805-816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Vøls KK, Kjelgaard-Hansen M, Ley CD, Hansen AK, Petersen M. In vivo fluorescence molecular tomography of induced haemarthrosis in haemophilic mice: link between bleeding characteristics and development of bone pathology. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:241. [PMID: 32290832 PMCID: PMC7158129 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilic arthropathy is a chronic and debilitating joint disease caused by recurrent spontaneous joint bleeds in patients with haemophilia. Understanding how characteristics of individual joint bleeds relate to the subsequent development of arthropathy could improve management and prevention of this joint disease. Here, we aimed to explore relations between joint bleed characteristics and development of bone pathology in a mouse model of haemophilic arthropathy by using novel in vivo imaging methodology. Methods We characterised induced knee bleeds in a murine model of haemophilic arthropathy by quantitative in vivo fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) and by measurements of changes in the diameter of the injured knee. Wild-type mice and non-injured haemophilic mice acted as controls. Development of arthropathy was characterised by post mortem evaluation of bone pathology by micro-CT 14 days after bleed-induction. In an in vitro study, we assessed the effect of blood on the quantification of fluorescent signal with FMT. Results In most injured haemophilic mice, we observed significant loss of trabecular bone, and half of the mice developed pathological bone remodelling. Development of pathological bone remodelling was associated with significantly increased fluorescent signal and diameter of the injured knee just 1 day after induction of the bleed. Further, a correlation between the fluorescent signal 1 day after induction of the bleed and loss of trabecular bone reached borderline significance. In the in vitro study, we found that high concentrations of blood significantly decreased the fluorescent signal. Conclusion Our results add novel insights on the pathogenesis of haemophilic arthropathy and underline the importance of the acute phase of joint bleeds for the subsequent development of arthropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Vøls
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark. .,Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - M Kjelgaard-Hansen
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - C D Ley
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - A K Hansen
- Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - M Petersen
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
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13
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Dasgupta A, Biancacci I, Kiessling F, Lammers T. Imaging-assisted anticancer nanotherapy. Theranostics 2020; 10:956-967. [PMID: 31938045 PMCID: PMC6956808 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer nanomedicines are submicrometer-sized formulations designed to improve the biodistribution of anticancer drugs, resulting in less off-target localization, altered toxicity profiles, improved target site accumulation and enhanced efficacy. Together, these beneficial features have resulted in the regulatory approval of about a dozen nanomedicines for the treatment of solid and hematological malignancies. In recent years, significant progress has been made in combining nanomedicines with imaging, to better understand key aspects of the tumor-targeted drug delivery process, and to address the high inter- and intra-individual heterogeneity in the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect. Strategies explored in this regard have included the use of traditional imaging techniques, companion diagnostics and nanotheranostics. Preclinically, integrating imaging in nanomedicine and drug delivery research has enabled the non-invasive and quantitative assessment of nanocarrier biodistribution, target site accumulation and (triggered) drug release. Clinically, imaging has been emerging as a promising tool for patient stratification, which is urgently needed to improve the translation of cancer nanomedicines. We here summarize recent progress in imaging-assisted anticancer nanotherapy and we discuss future strategies to improve the performance of cancer nanomedicines in patients.
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14
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Huang W, Wang K, An Y, Meng H, Gao Y, Xiong Z, Yan H, Wang Q, Cai X, Yang X, Zhang B, Chen Q, Yang X, Tian J, Zhang S. In vivo three-dimensional evaluation of tumour hypoxia in nasopharyngeal carcinomas using FMT-CT and MSOT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 47:1027-1038. [PMID: 31705175 PMCID: PMC7101302 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Accurate evaluation of hypoxia is particularly important in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) undergoing radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to propose a novel imaging strategy for quantitative three-dimensional (3D) evaluation of hypoxia in a small animal model of NPC. Methods A carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX)-specific molecular probe (CAIX-800) was developed for imaging of hypoxia. Mouse models of subcutaneous, orthotopic, and spontaneous lymph node metastasis from NPC (5 mice per group) were established to assess the imaging strategy. A multi-modality imaging method that consisted of a hybrid combination of fluorescence molecular tomography-computed tomography (FMT-CT) and multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) was used for 3D quantitative evaluation of tumour hypoxia. Magnetic resonance imaging, histological examination, and immunohistochemical analysis were used as references for comparison and validation. Results In the early stage of NPC (2 weeks after implantation), FMT-CT enabled precise 3D localisation of the hypoxia biomarker with high sensitivity. At the advanced stage (6 weeks after implantation), MSOT allowed multispectral analysis of the biomarker and haemoglobin molecules with high resolution. The combination of high sensitivity and high resolution from FMT-CT and MSOT could not only detect hypoxia in small-sized NPCs but also visualise the heterogeneity of hypoxia in 3D. Conclusions Integration of FMT-CT and MSOT could allow comprehensive and quantifiable evaluation of hypoxia in NPC. These findings may potentially benefit patients with NPC undergoing radiotherapy in the future. A novel multimodality imaging strategy for three-dimensional evaluation of tumour hypoxia in an orthotopic model of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00259-019-04526-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Huang
- Medical Imaging Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, No. 163, Huangpu West Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yu An
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hui Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xiong
- Medical Imaging Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, No. 163, Huangpu West Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.,Department of Chemical and Bio-molecular Engineering, The university of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Hao Yan
- Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xuekang Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Medical Imaging Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, No. 163, Huangpu West Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, No. 163, Huangpu West Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Shuixing Zhang
- Medical Imaging Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, No. 163, Huangpu West Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
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15
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Zafarnia S, Mrugalla A, Rix A, Doleschel D, Gremse F, Wolf SD, Buyel JF, Albrecht U, Bode JG, Kiessling F, Lederle W. Non-invasive Imaging and Modeling of Liver Regeneration After Partial Hepatectomy. Front Physiol 2019; 10:904. [PMID: 31379606 PMCID: PMC6652107 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver has a unique regenerative capability upon injury or partial resection. The regeneration process comprises a complex interplay between parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells and is tightly regulated at different scales. Thus, we investigated liver regeneration using multi-scale methods by combining non-invasive imaging with immunohistochemical analyses. In this context, non-invasive imaging can provide quantitative data of processes involved in liver regeneration at organ and body scale. We quantitatively measured liver volume recovery after 70% partial hepatectomy (PHx) by micro computed tomography (μCT) and investigated changes in the density of CD68+ macrophages by fluorescence-mediated tomography (FMT) combined with μCT using a newly developed near-infrared fluorescent probe. In addition, angiogenesis and tissue-resident macrophages were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Based on the results, a model describing liver regeneration and the interactions between different cell types was established. In vivo analysis of liver volume regeneration over 21 days after PHx by μCT imaging demonstrated that the liver volume rapidly increased after PHx reaching a maximum at day 14 and normalizing until day 21. An increase in CD68+ macrophage density in the liver was detected from day 4 to day 8 by combined FMT-μCT imaging, followed by a decline towards control levels between day 14 and day 21. Immunohistochemistry revealed the highest angiogenic activity at day 4 after PHx that continuously declined thereafter, whereas the density of tissue-resident CD169+ macrophages was not altered. The simulated time courses for volume recovery, angiogenesis and macrophage density reflect the experimental data describing liver regeneration after PHx at organ and tissue scale. In this context, our study highlights the importance of non-invasive imaging for acquiring quantitative organ scale data that enable modeling of liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zafarnia
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Mrugalla
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Rix
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dennis Doleschel
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephanie D Wolf
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes F Buyel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Albrecht
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes G Bode
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Lederle
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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16
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Ergen C, Niemietz PM, Heymann F, Baues M, Gremse F, Pola R, van Bloois L, Storm G, Kiessling F, Trautwein C, Luedde T, Lammers T, Tacke F. Liver fibrosis affects the targeting properties of drug delivery systems to macrophage subsets in vivo. Biomaterials 2019; 206:49-60. [PMID: 30925288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid immune cells promote inflammation and fibrosis in chronic liver diseases. Drug delivery systems, such as polymers, liposomes and microbubbles, efficiently target myeloid cells in healthy liver, but their targeting properties in hepatic fibrosis remain elusive. We therefore studied the biodistribution of three intravenously injected carrier material, i.e. 10 nm poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) polymers, 100 nm PEGylated liposomes and 2000 nm poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) microbubbles, in two fibrosis models in immunocompetent mice. While whole-body imaging confirmed preferential hepatic uptake even after induction of liver fibrosis, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis revealed markedly decreased carrier uptake by liver macrophage subsets in fibrosis, particularly for microbubbles and polymers. Importantly, carrier uptake co-localized with immune infiltrates in fibrotic livers, corroborating the intrinsic ability of the carriers to target myeloid cells in areas of inflammation. Of the tested carrier systems liposomes had the highest uptake efficiency among hepatic myeloid cells, but the lowest specificity for cellular subsets. Hepatic fibrosis affected carrier uptake in liver and partially in spleen, but not in other tissues (blood, bone marrow, lung, kidney). In conclusion, while drug carrier systems target distinct myeloid cell populations in diseased and healthy livers, hepatic fibrosis profoundly affects their targeting efficiency, supporting the need to adapt nanomedicine-based approaches in chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ergen
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Felix Heymann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Baues
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Pola
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Louis van Bloois
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Mannheim JG, Kara F, Doorduin J, Fuchs K, Reischl G, Liang S, Verhoye M, Gremse F, Mezzanotte L, Huisman MC. Standardization of Small Animal Imaging-Current Status and Future Prospects. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:716-731. [PMID: 28971332 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The benefit of small animal imaging is directly linked to the validity and reliability of the collected data. If the data (regardless of the modality used) are not reproducible and/or reliable, then the outcome of the data is rather questionable. Therefore, standardization of the use of small animal imaging equipment, as well as of animal handling in general, is of paramount importance. In a recent paper, guidance for efficient small animal imaging quality control was offered and discussed, among others, the use of phantoms in setting up a quality control program (Osborne et al. 2016). The same phantoms can be used to standardize image quality parameters for multi-center studies or multi-scanners within center studies. In animal experiments, the additional complexity due to animal handling needs to be addressed to ensure standardized imaging procedures. In this review, we will address the current status of standardization in preclinical imaging, as well as potential benefits from increased levels of standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G Mannheim
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Firat Kara
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Janine Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Fuchs
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Reischl
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sayuan Liang
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Felix Gremse
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Optical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C Huisman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The objective of the current study was to compare the three-dimensional (3D) morphometric microstructure in human cadaveric bone specimens taken from various commonly utilized donor sites for autogenous bone grafting. Autogenous bone grafts can be harvested from various anatomic sites and express heterogeneous bone quality with a specific 3D microstructure for each site. The long-term structural integrity and susceptibility to resorption of the graft depend on the selected donor bone. Micro-computed tomography generates high-resolution datasets of bone structures and calcifications making this modality versatile for microarchitecture analysis and quantification of the bone. Six bone specimens, 10 mm in length, where anatomically possible, were obtained from various anatomical sites from 10 human dentate cadavers (4 men, 6 women, mean age 69.5 years). Specimens were scanned using a micro-computed tomography device and volumetrically reconstructed. A virtual cylindrical inclusion was reconstructed to analyze the bone mineral density and structural morphometric analysis using bone indices: relative bone volume, surface density, trabecular thicknesses, and trabecular separation. Calvarial bone specimens showed the highest mineral density, followed by the chin, then mandibular ramus then the tibia, whereas iliac crest and maxillary tuberosity had lower bone mineral densities. The pairwise comparison revealed statistically significant differences in the bone mineral density and relative bone volume index in the calvaria, mandibular ramus, mandibular symphysis groups when compared with those in the iliac crest and maxillary tuberosity, suggesting higher bone quality in the former groups than in the latter; tibial specimens expressed variable results.
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19
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A preclinical micro-computed tomography database including 3D whole body organ segmentations. Sci Data 2018; 5:180294. [PMID: 30561432 PMCID: PMC6298256 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gold-standard of preclinical micro-computed tomography (μCT) data processing is still manual delineation of complete organs or regions by specialists. However, this method is time-consuming, error-prone, has limited reproducibility, and therefore is not suitable for large-scale data analysis. Unfortunately, robust and accurate automated whole body segmentation algorithms are still missing. In this publication, we introduce a database containing 225 murine 3D whole body μCT scans along with manual organ segmentation of most important organs including heart, liver, lung, trachea, spleen, kidneys, stomach, intestine, bladder, thigh muscle, bone, as well as subcutaneous tumors. The database includes native and contrast-enhanced, regarding spleen and liver, μCT data. All scans along with organ segmentation are freely accessible at the online repository Figshare. We encourage researchers to reuse the provided data to evaluate and improve methods and algorithms for accurate automated organ segmentation which may reduce manual segmentation effort, increase reproducibility, and even reduce the number of required laboratory animals by reducing a source of variability and having access to a reliable reference group.
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20
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Warzecha KT, Bartneck M, Möckel D, Appold L, Ergen C, Al Rawashdeh W, Gremse F, Niemietz PM, Jahnen-Dechent W, Trautwein C, Kiessling F, Lammers T, Tacke F. Targeting and Modulation of Liver Myeloid Immune Cells by Hard-Shell Microbubbles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 2. [PMID: 29876517 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly n-butylcyanoacrylate (PBCA)-based hard-shell microbubbles (MB) have manifold biomedical applications, including targeted drug delivery or contrast agents for ultrasound (US)-based liver imaging. MB and their fragments accumulate in phagocytes, especially in the liver, but it is unclear if MB affect the function of these immune cells. We herein show that human primary monocytes internalize different PBCA-MB by phagocytosis, which transiently inhibits monocyte migration in vertical chemotaxis assays and renders monocytes susceptible to cytotoxic effects of MB during US-guided destruction. Conversely, human macrophage viability and function, including cytokine release and polarization, remain unaffected after MB uptake. After i.v. injection in mice, MB predominantly accumulate in liver, especially in hepatic phagocytes (monocytes and Kupffer cells). Despite efficiently targeting myeloid immune cells in liver, MB or MB after US-elicited burst do not cause overt hepatotoxicity or inflammation. Furthermore, MB application with or without US-guided burst does not aggravate the course of experimental liver injury in mice or the inflammatory response to liver injury in vivo. In conclusion, PBCA-MB have immunomodulatory effects on primary human myeloid cells in vitro, but do not provoke hepatotoxicity, inflammation or altered response to liver injury in vivo, suggesting the safety of these MB for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia T Warzecha
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Bartneck
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Diana Möckel
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lia Appold
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Can Ergen
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wáel Al Rawashdeh
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia M Niemietz
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Willi Jahnen-Dechent
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Karczmarczyk U, Wojdowska W, Mikołajczak R, Maurin M, Laszuk E, Garnuszek P. Influence of DOTA Chelators on Radiochemical Purity and Biodistribution of 177Lu- and 90Y-Rituximab in Xenografted Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2018; 17:1201-1208. [PMID: 30568680 PMCID: PMC6269569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a comparative biological evaluation of 90Y- and 177Lu- labelled DOTA-SCN and DOTA-NHS conjugated to Rituximab in tumour-bearing mice. Two DOTA derivatives, p-SCN-Bn-DOTA and DOTA-NHS-ester were conjugated to Rituximab and then freeze-dried kit formulations were prepared, as previously described (1). Tissue distribution was investigated in tumour-bearing (Raji s.c.) male Rj: NMRI-Foxn1nu/Foxn1nu mice at different time points after administration of 177Lu-DOTA-Rituximab or 90Y-DOTA-Rituximab (6 MBq/10 μg per mouse). In addition, tumour images were acquired with a PhotonIMAGERTM after injection of 90Y-DOTA (SCN)-Rituximab. All radioimmunoconjugates were obtained with high radiolabelling yield (RCP > 98%) and specific activity of ca. 0.6 GBq/mg. The conjugates were stable in human serum and in 0.9% NaCl; however, progressive aggregation was observed with time, in particular for DOTA -(SCN) conjugates. Both 177Lu- and 90Y-DOTA -(SCN)-Rituximab revealed slow blood clearance. The maximum tumour uptake was found 72 h after injection of 177Lu-DOTA -(SCN)-Rituximab (9.3 ID/g). A high radioactivity uptake was observed in liver and spleen, confirming the hepatobiliary excretion route. The results obtained by the radioactive optical imaging harmonize with those from the biodistribution study.
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22
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Rosenhain S, Al Rawashdeh W, Kiessling F, Gremse F. Sensitivity and accuracy of hybrid fluorescence-mediated tomography in deep tissue regions. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:1208-1216. [PMID: 27868394 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-mediated tomography (FMT) enables noninvasive assessment of the three-dimensional distribution of near-infrared fluorescence in mice. The combination with micro-computed tomography (µCT) provides anatomical data, enabling improved fluorescence reconstruction and image analysis. The aim of our study was to assess sensitivity and accuracy of µCT-FMT under realistic in vivo conditions in deeply-seated regions. Accordingly, we acquired fluorescence reflectance images (FRI) and µCT-FMT scans of mice which were prepared with rectal insertions with different amounts of fluorescent dye. Default and high-sensitivity scans were acquired and background signal was analyzed for three FMT channels (670 nm, 745 nm, and 790 nm). Analysis was performed for the original and an improved FMT reconstruction using the µCT data. While FRI and the original FMT reconstruction could detect 100 pmol, the improved FMT reconstruction could detect 10 pmol and significantly improved signal localization. By using a finer sampling grid and increasing the exposure time, the sensitivity could be further improved to detect 0.5 pmol. Background signal was highest in the 670 nm channel and most prominent in the gastro-intestinal tract and in organs with high relative amounts of blood. In conclusion, we show that µCT-FMT allows sensitive and accurate assessment of fluorescence in deep tissue regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Rosenhain
- Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wa'el Al Rawashdeh
- Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
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23
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Hage C, Gremse F, Griessinger CM, Maurer A, Hoffmann SH, Osl F, Pichler BJ, Kiessling F, Scheuer W, Pöschinger T. Comparison of the Accuracy of FMT/CT and PET/MRI for the Assessment of Antibody Biodistribution in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Xenografts. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:44-50. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.197178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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24
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Tsvetkova Y, Beztsinna N, Baues M, Klein D, Rix A, Golombek SK, Al Rawashdeh W, Gremse F, Barz M, Koynov K, Banala S, Lederle W, Lammers T, Kiessling F. Balancing Passive and Active Targeting to Different Tumor Compartments Using Riboflavin-Functionalized Polymeric Nanocarriers. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4665-4674. [PMID: 28715227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Riboflavin transporters (RFTs) and the riboflavin carrier protein (RCP) are highly upregulated in many tumor cells, tumor stem cells, and tumor neovasculature, which makes them attractive targets for nanomedicines. Addressing cells in different tumor compartments requires drug carriers, which are not only able to accumulate via the EPR effect but also to extravasate, target specific cell populations, and get internalized by cells. Reasoning that antibodies are among the most efficient targeting systems developed by nature, we consider their size (∼10-15 nm) to be ideal for balancing passive and active tumor targeting. Therefore, small, short-circulating (10 kDa, ∼7 nm, t1/2 ∼ 1 h) and larger, longer-circulating (40 kDa, ∼13 nm, t1/2 ∼ 13 h) riboflavin-targeted branched PEG polymers were synthesized, and their biodistribution and target site accumulation were evaluated in mice bearing angiogenic squamous cell carcinoma (A431) and desmoplastic prostate cancer (PC3) xenografts. The tumor accumulation of the 10 kDa PEG was characterized by rapid intercompartmental exchange and significantly improved upon active targeting with riboflavin (RF). The 40 kDa PEG accumulated in tumors four times more efficiently than the small polymer, but its accumulation did not profit from active RF-targeting. However, RF-targeting enhanced the cellular internalization in both tumor models and for both polymer sizes. Interestingly, the nanocarriers' cell-uptake in tumors was not directly correlated with the extent of accumulation. For example, in both tumor models the small RF-PEG accumulated much less strongly than the large passively targeted PEG but showed significantly higher intracellular amounts 24 h after iv administration. Additionally, the size of the polymer determined its preferential uptake by different tumor cell compartments: the 10 kDa RF-PEGs most efficiently targeted cancer cells, whereas the highest uptake of the 40 kDa RF-PEGs was observed in tumor-associated macrophages. These findings imply that drug carriers with sizes in the range of therapeutic antibodies show balanced properties with respect to passive accumulation, tissue penetration, and active targeting. Besides highlighting the potential of RF-mediated (cancer) cell targeting, we show that strong tumor accumulation does not automatically mean high cellular uptake and that the nanocarriers' size plays a critical role in cell- and compartment-specific drug targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoanna Tsvetkova
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nataliia Beztsinna
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, CBMN UMR 5248, Bordeaux University , 33608 Pessac, France
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UIPS, Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maike Baues
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dionne Klein
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research IMCAR, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Rix
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne K Golombek
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wa'el Al Rawashdeh
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Srinivas Banala
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Lederle
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 750 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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25
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Rawashdeh WA, Zuo S, Melle A, Appold L, Koletnik S, Tsvetkova Y, Beztsinna N, Pich A, Lammers T, Kiessling F, Gremse F. Noninvasive Assessment of Elimination and Retention using CT-FMT and Kinetic Whole-body Modeling. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1499-1510. [PMID: 28529633 PMCID: PMC5436509 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence-mediated tomography (FMT) is a quantitative three-dimensional imaging technique for preclinical research applications. The combination with micro-computed tomography (µCT) enables improved reconstruction and analysis. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of µCT-FMT and kinetic modeling to determine elimination and retention of typical model drugs and drug delivery systems. We selected four fluorescent probes with different but well-known biodistribution and elimination routes: Indocyanine green (ICG), hydroxyapatite-binding OsteoSense (OS), biodegradable nanogels (NG) and microbubbles (MB). µCT-FMT scans were performed in twenty BALB/c nude mice (5 per group) at 0.25, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 h after intravenous injection. Longitudinal organ curves were determined using interactive organ segmentation software and a pharmacokinetic whole-body model was implemented and applied to compute physiological parameters describing elimination and retention. ICG demonstrated high initial hepatic uptake which decreased rapidly while intestinal accumulation appeared for around 8 hours which is in line with the known direct uptake by hepatocytes followed by hepatobiliary elimination. Complete clearance from the body was observed at 48 h. NG showed similar but slower hepatobiliary elimination because these nanoparticles require degradation before elimination can take place. OS was strongly located in the bones in addition to high signal in the bladder at 0.25 h indicating fast renal excretion. MB showed longest retention in liver and spleen and low signal in the kidneys likely caused by renal elimination or retention of fragments. Furthermore, probe retention was found in liver (MB, NG and OS), spleen (MB) and kidneys (MB and NG) at 72 h which was confirmed by ex vivo data. The kinetic model enabled robust extraction of physiological parameters from the organ curves. In summary, µCT-FMT and kinetic modeling enable differentiation of hepatobiliary and renal elimination routes and allow for the noninvasive assessment of retention sites in relevant organs including liver, kidney, bone and spleen.
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26
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Ergen C, Heymann F, Al Rawashdeh W, Gremse F, Bartneck M, Panzer U, Pola R, Pechar M, Storm G, Mohr N, Barz M, Zentel R, Kiessling F, Trautwein C, Lammers T, Tacke F. Targeting distinct myeloid cell populations in vivo using polymers, liposomes and microbubbles. Biomaterials 2016; 114:106-120. [PMID: 27855336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Identifying intended or accidental cellular targets for drug delivery systems is highly relevant for evaluating therapeutic and toxic effects. However, limited knowledge exists on the distribution of nano- and micrometer-sized carrier systems at the cellular level in different organs. We hypothesized that clinically relevant carrier materials, differing in composition and size, are able to target distinct myeloid cell subsets that control inflammatory processes, such as macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells. Therefore, we analyzed the biodistribution and in vivo cellular uptake of intravenously injected poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide) polymers, PEGylated liposomes and poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) microbubbles in mice, using whole-body imaging (computed tomography - fluorescence-mediated tomography), intra-organ imaging (intravital multi-photon microscopy) and cellular analysis (flow cytometry of blood, liver, spleen, lung and kidney). While the three carrier materials shared accumulation in tissue macrophages in liver and spleen, they notably differed in uptake by other myeloid subsets. Kupffer cells and splenic red pulp macrophages rapidly take up microbubbles. Liposomes efficiently reach dendritic cells in liver, lung and kidney. Polymers exhibit the longest circulation half-life and target endothelial cells in the liver, neutrophils and alveolar macrophages. The identification of such previously unrecognized target cell populations might open up new avenues for more efficient drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ergen
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Heymann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wa'el Al Rawashdeh
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Bartneck
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Pola
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Pechar
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Mohr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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27
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Ducros N, Correia T, Bassi A, Valentini G, Arridge S, D’Andrea C. Reconstruction of an optical inhomogeneity map improves fluorescence diffuse optical tomography. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/2/5/055020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Beztsinna N, Tsvetkova Y, Bartneck M, Lammers T, Kiessling F, Bestel I. Amphiphilic Phospholipid-Based Riboflavin Derivatives for Tumor Targeting Nanomedicines. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2048-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Beztsinna
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nano-objects, CBMN UMR 5248, Bordeaux University, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Yoanna Tsvetkova
- Experimental
Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Bartneck
- Gastroenterology
and Metabolic Disorders, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Experimental
Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Experimental
Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Bestel
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nano-objects, CBMN UMR 5248, Bordeaux University, 33600 Pessac, France
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29
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Gautheron J, Vucur M, Schneider AT, Severi I, Roderburg C, Roy S, Bartneck M, Schrammen P, Diaz MB, Ehling J, Gremse F, Heymann F, Koppe C, Lammers T, Kiessling F, Van Best N, Pabst O, Courtois G, Linkermann A, Krautwald S, Neumann UP, Tacke F, Trautwein C, Green DR, Longerich T, Frey N, Luedde M, Bluher M, Herzig S, Heikenwalder M, Luedde T. The necroptosis-inducing kinase RIPK3 dampens adipose tissue inflammation and glucose intolerance. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11869. [PMID: 27323669 PMCID: PMC4919522 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) mediates necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death that promotes inflammation in various pathological conditions, suggesting that it might be a privileged pharmacological target. However, its function in glucose homeostasis and obesity has been unknown. Here we show that RIPK3 is over expressed in the white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese mice fed with a choline-deficient high-fat diet. Genetic inactivation of Ripk3 promotes increased Caspase-8-dependent adipocyte apoptosis and WAT inflammation, associated with impaired insulin signalling in WAT as the basis for glucose intolerance. Similarly to mice, in visceral WAT of obese humans, RIPK3 is overexpressed and correlates with the body mass index and metabolic serum markers. Together, these findings provide evidence that RIPK3 in WAT maintains tissue homeostasis and suppresses inflammation and adipocyte apoptosis, suggesting that systemic targeting of necroptosis might be associated with the risk of promoting insulin resistance in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Gautheron
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.,Division of GI and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.,Division of GI and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Anne T Schneider
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.,Division of GI and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona, Ancona 60020, Italy
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Sanchari Roy
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.,Division of GI and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Matthias Bartneck
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Peter Schrammen
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Mauricio Berriel Diaz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg 85764 and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Josef Ehling
- Department for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Department for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Felix Heymann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Christiane Koppe
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.,Division of GI and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Niels Van Best
- Institut of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institut of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Stefan Krautwald
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Ulf P Neumann
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Mark Luedde
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Matthias Bluher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg 85764 and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.,Division of GI and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
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Gremse F, Höfter A, Razik L, Kiessling F, Naumann U. GPU-Accelerated Adjoint Algorithmic Differentiation. COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS 2016; 200:300-311. [PMID: 26941443 PMCID: PMC4772124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpc.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Many scientific problems such as classifier training or medical image reconstruction can be expressed as minimization of differentiable real-valued cost functions and solved with iterative gradient-based methods. Adjoint algorithmic differentiation (AAD) enables automated computation of gradients of such cost functions implemented as computer programs. To backpropagate adjoint derivatives, excessive memory is potentially required to store the intermediate partial derivatives on a dedicated data structure, referred to as the "tape". Parallelization is difficult because threads need to synchronize their accesses during taping and backpropagation. This situation is aggravated for many-core architectures, such as Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), because of the large number of light-weight threads and the limited memory size in general as well as per thread. We show how these limitations can be mediated if the cost function is expressed using GPU-accelerated vector and matrix operations which are recognized as intrinsic functions by our AAD software. We compare this approach with naive and vectorized implementations for CPUs. We use four increasingly complex cost functions to evaluate the performance with respect to memory consumption and gradient computation times. Using vectorization, CPU and GPU memory consumption could be substantially reduced compared to the naive reference implementation, in some cases even by an order of complexity. The vectorization allowed usage of optimized parallel libraries during forward and reverse passes which resulted in high speedups for the vectorized CPU version compared to the naive reference implementation. The GPU version achieved an additional speedup of 7.5 ± 4.4, showing that the processing power of GPUs can be utilized for AAD using this concept. Furthermore, we show how this software can be systematically extended for more complex problems such as nonlinear absorption reconstruction for fluorescence-mediated tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Gremse
- Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Software and Tools for Computational Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| | - Andreas Höfter
- Software and Tools for Computational Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Lukas Razik
- Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
- Software and Tools for Computational Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Naumann
- Software and Tools for Computational Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
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Theek B, Baues M, Ojha T, Möckel D, Veettil SK, Steitz J, van Bloois L, Storm G, Kiessling F, Lammers T. Sonoporation enhances liposome accumulation and penetration in tumors with low EPR. J Control Release 2016; 231:77-85. [PMID: 26878973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect is a highly variable phenomenon. To enhance EPR-mediated passive drug targeting to tumors, several different pharmacological and physical strategies have been evaluated over the years, including e.g. TNFα-treatment, vascular normalization, hyperthermia and radiotherapy. Here, we systematically investigated the impact of sonoporation, i.e. the combination of ultrasound (US) and microbubbles (MB), on the tumor accumulation and penetration of liposomes. Two different MB formulations were employed, and their ability to enhance liposome accumulation and penetration was evaluated in two different tumor models, which are both characterized by relatively low levels of EPR (i.e. highly cellular A431 epidermoid xenografts and highly stromal BxPC-3 pancreatic carcinoma xenografts). The liposomes were labeled with two different fluorophores, enabling in vivo computed tomography/fluorescence molecular tomography (CT-FMT) and ex vivo two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM). In both models, in spite of relatively high inter- and intra-individual variability, a trend towards improved liposome accumulation and penetration was observed. In treated tumors, liposome concentrations were up to twice as high as in untreated tumors, and sonoporation enhanced the ability of liposomes to extravasate out of the blood vessels into the tumor interstitium. These findings indicate that sonoporation may be a useful strategy for improving drug targeting to tumors with low EPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Theek
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maike Baues
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tarun Ojha
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Diana Möckel
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Seena Koyadan Veettil
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, University Clinic, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Steitz
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, University Clinic, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Louis van Bloois
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Brinkmann M, Rizzo LY, Lammers T, Gremse F, Schiwy S, Kiessling F, Hollert H. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) as a novel method in ecotoxicology--determination of morphometric and somatic data in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 543:135-139. [PMID: 26580735 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fish are important sentinel organisms for the assessment of water quality and play a central role in ecotoxicological research. Of particular importance to the assessment of health and fitness of fish stocks in response to environmental conditions or pollution are morphometric (e.g. Fulton's condition index) and somatic indices (e.g. hepatosomatic, and gonadosomatic index). Standard measurements of somatic indices are invasive and require, by definition, the sacrifice of examined animals, thus prohibiting longitudinal studies and relocation of animals captured in the field. As a potential solution, in the present study, we propose the use of micro-computed tomography (μCT) as imaging modality to non-invasively tomographically image rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to different sediment suspensions. We here demonstrate that μCT can be used as a tool to reliably measure the volumes of different organs, which could then be applied as a substitute of their weights in calculation of somatic indices. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the results of μCT analyses in the context of ecotoxicological research in rainbow trout. It has the potential to greatly increase the information value of experiments conducted with fish and also to potentially reduce the number of animals required for studying temporal effects through facilitating longitudinal studies within the same individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Brinkmann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Larissa Y Rizzo
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schiwy
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 1 Tiansheng Road Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, China.
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Gremse F, Stärk M, Ehling J, Menzel JR, Lammers T, Kiessling F. Imalytics Preclinical: Interactive Analysis of Biomedical Volume Data. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:328-41. [PMID: 26909109 PMCID: PMC4737721 DOI: 10.7150/thno.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A software tool is presented for interactive segmentation of volumetric medical data sets. To allow interactive processing of large data sets, segmentation operations, and rendering are GPU-accelerated. Special adjustments are provided to overcome GPU-imposed constraints such as limited memory and host-device bandwidth. A general and efficient undo/redo mechanism is implemented using GPU-accelerated compression of the multiclass segmentation state. A broadly applicable set of interactive segmentation operations is provided which can be combined to solve the quantification task of many types of imaging studies. A fully GPU-accelerated ray casting method for multiclass segmentation rendering is implemented which is well-balanced with respect to delay, frame rate, worst-case memory consumption, scalability, and image quality. Performance of segmentation operations and rendering are measured using high-resolution example data sets showing that GPU-acceleration greatly improves the performance. Compared to a reference marching cubes implementation, the rendering was found to be superior with respect to rendering delay and worst-case memory consumption while providing sufficiently high frame rates for interactive visualization and comparable image quality. The fast interactive segmentation operations and the accurate rendering make our tool particularly suitable for efficient analysis of multimodal image data sets which arise in large amounts in preclinical imaging studies.
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Bactericidal Activity of Ceragenin CSA-13 in Cell Culture and in an Animal Model of Peritoneal Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:6274-82. [PMID: 26248361 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00653-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceragenins constitute a novel family of cationic antibiotics characterized by a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities, which have mostly been assessed in vitro. Using a polarized human lung epithelial cell culture system, we evaluated the antibacterial activities of the ceragenin CSA-13 against two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1 and Xen5). Additionally, the biodistribution and bactericidal activity of a CSA-13-IRDye 800CW derivate were assessed using an animal model of peritoneal infection after PAO1 challenge. In cell culture, CSA-13 bactericidal activities against PAO1 and Xen5 were higher than the activities of the human cathelicidin peptide LL-37. Increased CSA-13 activity was observed in polarized human lung epithelial cell cultures subjected to butyric acid treatment, which is known to increase endogenous LL-37 production. Eight hours after intravenous or intraperitoneal injection, the greatest CSA-13-IRDye 800CW accumulation was observed in mouse liver and kidneys. CSA-13-IRDye 800CW administration resulted in decreased bacterial outgrowth from abdominal fluid collected from animals subjected to intraperitoneal PAO1 infection. These observations indicate that CSA-13 may synergistically interact with antibacterial factors that are naturally present at mucosal surfaces and it maintains its antibacterial activity in the infected abdominal cavity. Cationic lipids such as CSA-13 represent excellent candidates for the development of new antibacterial compounds.
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Gremse F, Doleschel D, Zafarnia S, Babler A, Jahnen-Dechent W, Lammers T, Lederle W, Kiessling F. Hybrid µCT-FMT imaging and image analysis. J Vis Exp 2015:e52770. [PMID: 26066033 PMCID: PMC4512251 DOI: 10.3791/52770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence-mediated tomography (FMT) enables longitudinal and quantitative determination of the fluorescence distribution in vivo and can be used to assess the biodistribution of novel probes and to assess disease progression using established molecular probes or reporter genes. The combination with an anatomical modality, e.g., micro computed tomography (µCT), is beneficial for image analysis and for fluorescence reconstruction. We describe a protocol for multimodal µCT-FMT imaging including the image processing steps necessary to extract quantitative measurements. After preparing the mice and performing the imaging, the multimodal data sets are registered. Subsequently, an improved fluorescence reconstruction is performed, which takes into account the shape of the mouse. For quantitative analysis, organ segmentations are generated based on the anatomical data using our interactive segmentation tool. Finally, the biodistribution curves are generated using a batch-processing feature. We show the applicability of the method by assessing the biodistribution of a well-known probe that binds to bones and joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Gremse
- Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University
| | | | - Sara Zafarnia
- Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University
| | - Anne Babler
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering - Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University
| | - Willi Jahnen-Dechent
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering - Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University
| | - Twan Lammers
- Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University
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Doleschel D, Rix A, Arns S, Palmowski K, Gremse F, Merkle R, Salopiata F, Klingmüller U, Jarsch M, Kiessling F, Lederle W. Erythropoietin improves the accumulation and therapeutic effects of carboplatin by enhancing tumor vascularization and perfusion. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:905-18. [PMID: 26000061 PMCID: PMC4440446 DOI: 10.7150/thno.11304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuEpo) is currently under debate for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia due to clinical trials showing adverse effects in Epo-treated patients and the discovery of the erythropoietin-receptor (EpoR) in tumor and endothelial cells. Here, using Epo-Cy5.5 as theranostic near-infrared fluorescent probe we analyzed the effects of rhuEpo as co-medication to carboplatin in non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC)-xenografts with different tumor cell EpoR-expression (H838 ~8-fold higher than A549). Nude mice bearing subcutaneous A549 and H838 NSCLC-xenografts received either only carboplatin or carboplatin and co-medication of rhuEpo in two different doses. Tumor sizes and relative blood volumes (rBV) were longitudinally measured by 3D-contrast-enhanced ultrasound (3D-US). Tumoral EpoR-levels were determined by combined fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT)/ micro computed tomography (µCT) hybrid imaging. We found that rhuEpo predominantly acted on the tumor endothelium. In both xenografts, rhuEpo co-medication significantly increased vessel densities, diameters and the amount of perfused vessels. Accordingly, rhuEpo induced EpoR-phoshorylation and stimulated proliferation of endothelial cells. However, compared with solely carboplatin-treated tumors, tumor growth was significantly slower in the groups co-medicated with rhuEpo. This is explained by the Epo-mediated vascular remodeling leading to improved drug delivery as obvious by a more than 2-fold higher carboplatin accumulation and significantly enhanced tumor apoptosis. In addition, co-medication of rhuEpo reduced tumor hypoxia and diminished intratumoral EpoR-levels which continuously increased during carboplatin (Cp) -treatment. These findings suggest that co-medication of rhuEpo in well balanced doses can be used to improve the accumulation of anticancer drugs. Doses and indications may be personalized and refined using theranostic EpoR-probes.
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Shi Y, Kunjachan S, Wu Z, Gremse F, Moeckel D, van Zandvoort M, Kiessling F, Storm G, van Nostrum CF, Hennink WE, Lammers T. Fluorophore labeling of core-crosslinked polymeric micelles for multimodal in vivo and ex vivo optical imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:1111-25. [PMID: 25929568 PMCID: PMC4523499 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To enable multimodal in vivo and ex vivo optical imaging of the biodistribution and tumor accumulation of core-crosslinked polymeric micelles (CCPMs). MATERIALS & METHODS mPEG-b-p(HPMAm-Lac)-based polymeric micelles, core-crosslinked via cystamine and covalently labeled with two different fluorophores (Dy-676/488), were synthesized. The CCPMs were intravenously injected into CT26 tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS Upon intravenous injection, the CCPMs accumulated in CT26 tumors reasonably efficiently, with values reaching approximately 4%ID at 24 h. Ex vivo two-photon laser scanning microscopy confirmed efficient extravasation of the image-guided CCPMs out of tumor blood vessels and relatively deep penetration into the tumor interstitium. CONCLUSION CCPMs were labeled with multiple fluorophores, and the results obtained exemplify that combining several different in vivo and ex vivo optical imaging techniques is highly useful for analyzing the biodistribution and tumor accumulation of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sijumon Kunjachan
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zhuojun Wu
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Gremse
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Diana Moeckel
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc van Zandvoort
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelus F. van Nostrum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Novo L, Rizzo LY, Golombek SK, Dakwar GR, Lou B, Remaut K, Mastrobattista E, van Nostrum CF, Jahnen-Dechent W, Kiessling F, Braeckmans K, Lammers T, Hennink WE. Decationized polyplexes as stable and safe carrier systems for improved biodistribution in systemic gene therapy. J Control Release 2014; 195:162-175. [PMID: 25204289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Many polycation-based gene delivery vectors show high transfection in vitro, but their cationic nature generally leads to significant toxicity and poor in vivo performance which significantly hampers their clinical applicability. Unlike conventional polycation-based systems, decationized polyplexes are based on hydrophilic and neutral polymers. They are obtained by a 3-step process: charge-driven condensation followed by disulfide crosslinking stabilization and finally polyplex decationization. They consist of a disulfide-crosslinked poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylamide) (pHPMA) core stably entrapping plasmid DNA (pDNA), surrounded by a shell of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). In the present paper the applicability of decationized polyplexes for systemic administration was evaluated. Cy5-labeled decationized polyplexes were evaluated for stability in plasma by fluorescence single particle tracking (fSPT), which technique showed stable size distribution for 48 h unlike its cationic counterpart. Upon the incubation of the polymers used for the formation of polyplexes with HUVEC cells, MTT assay showed excellent cytocompatibility of the neutral polymers. The safety was further demonstrated by a remarkable low teratogenicity and mortality activity of the polymers in a zebrafish assay, in great contrast with their cationic counterpart. Near infrared (NIR) dye-labeled polyplexes were evaluated for biodistribution and tumor accumulation by noninvasive optical imaging when administered systemically in tumor bearing mice. Decationized polyplexes exhibited an increased circulation time and higher tumor accumulation, when compared to their cationic precursors. Histology of tumors sections showed that decationized polyplexes induced reporter transgene expression in vivo. In conclusion, decationized polyplexes are a platform for safer polymeric vectors with improved biodistribution properties when systemically administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Novo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Larissa Y Rizzo
- Nanomedicines and Theranostics, Department for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne K Golombek
- Nanomedicines and Theranostics, Department for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - George R Dakwar
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bo Lou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelus F van Nostrum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm Jahnen-Dechent
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Nanomedicines and Theranostics, Department for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Nanomedicines and Theranostics, Department for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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