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Qiao H, Zhang SH, Dong Y, Yang Y, Xu R, Chen B, Wang Y, Zhu TJ, Cui CB, Zhang GG, Li CW. Chrysomutanin and related meroterpenoids from a DES mutant of the marine-derived fungus Penicillium chrysogenum S-3-25. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:1834-1841. [PMID: 32901513 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1819271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new meroterpene, chrysomutanin (1), two new meroterpenoids (4 and 5) together with nine known ones were isolated from the diethyl sulphate (DES) mutant 3d10-01 of the marine-derived fungus Penicillium chrysogenum S-3-25. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by their spectroscopic data, and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by Rh2-induced electrical circular dichroism (ECD) analysis or by comparison of the measured ECD with that of the known compounds. The cytotoxic activity was preliminarily evaluated against five human cancer cell lines. HPLC-UV analysis showed that compounds 1-12 were all newly produced by the mutant, and were not detected from the initial strain S-3-25. Chrysomutanin (1) is a new member with a chain sesquiterpene unit to the family of meroterpenes. Present results confirm that DES mutagenesis strategy is an effective method to exploit the dormant metabolites of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Hua Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Integrative Medical Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science of State Oceanic Administration, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Jiao Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Bin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Gang Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Fang SM, Wu CJ, Li CW, Cui CB. A practical strategy to discover new antitumor compounds by activating silent metabolite production in fungi by diethyl sulphate mutagenesis. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:1788-814. [PMID: 24681631 PMCID: PMC4012455 DOI: 10.3390/md12041788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many fungal biosynthetic pathways are silent in standard culture conditions, and activation of the silent pathways may enable access to new metabolites with antitumor activities. The aim of the present study was to develop a practical strategy for microbial chemists to access silent metabolites in fungi. We demonstrated this strategy using a marine-derived fungus Penicillium purpurogenum G59 and a modified diethyl sulphate mutagenesis procedure. Using this strategy, we discovered four new antitumor compounds named penicimutanolone (1), penicimutanin A (2), penicimutanin B (3), and penicimutatin (4). Structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, especially extensive 2D NMR analysis. Antitumor activities were assayed by the MTT method using human cancer cell lines. Bioassays and HPLC-photodiode array detector (PDAD)-UV and HPLC-electron spray ionization (ESI)-MS analyses were used to estimate the activated secondary metabolite production. Compounds 2 and 3 had novel structures, and 1 was a new compound belonging to a class of very rare natural products from which only four members are so far known. Compounds 1–3 inhibited several human cancer cell lines with IC50 values lower than 20 μM, and 4 inhibited the cell lines to some extent. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of this strategy to discover new compounds by activating silent fungal metabolic pathways. These discoveries provide rationale for the increased use of chemical mutagenesis strategies in silent fungal metabolite studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ming Fang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Chang-Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Chang-Wei Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Cheng-Bin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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3
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Demain AL, Adrio JL. Strain improvement for production of pharmaceuticals and other microbial metabolites by fermentation. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2008; 65:251-289. [PMID: 18084918 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8117-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbes have been good to us. They have given us thousands of valuable products with novel structures and activities. In nature, they only produce tiny amounts of these secondary metabolic products as a matter of survival. Thus, these metabolites are not overproduced in nature, but they must be overproduced in the pharmaceutical industry. Genetic manipulations are used in industry to obtain strains that produce hundreds or thousands of times more than that produced by the originally isolated strain. These strain improvement programs traditionally employ mutagenesis followed by screening or selection; this is known as 'brute-force' technology. Today, they are supplemented by modern strategic technologies developed via advances in molecular biology, recombinant DNA technology, and genetics. The progress in strain improvement has increased fermentation productivity and decreased costs tremendously. These genetic programs also serve other goals such as the elimination of undesirable products or analogs, discovery of new antibiotics, and deciphering of biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold L Demain
- Research Institute for Scientists Emeriti (RISE), HS-330, Drew University, Madison, NJ 07940 USA.
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Weist S, Süssmuth RD. Mutational biosynthesis—a tool for the generation of structural diversity in the biosynthesis of antibiotics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 68:141-50. [PMID: 15702315 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-1891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2004] [Revised: 12/17/2004] [Accepted: 12/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Natural products represent an important source of drugs in a number of therapeutic fields, e.g. antiinfectives and cancer therapy. Natural products are considered as biologically validated lead structures, and evolution of compounds with novel or enhanced biological properties is expected from the generation of structural diversity in natural product libraries. However, natural products are often structurally complex, thus precluding reasonable synthetic access for further structure-activity relationship studies. As a consequence, natural product research involves semisynthetic or biotechnological approaches. Among the latter are mutasynthesis (also known as mutational biosynthesis) and precursor-directed biosynthesis, which are based on the cellular uptake and incorporation into complex antibiotics of relatively simple biosynthetic building blocks. This appealing idea, which has been applied almost exclusively to bacteria and fungi as producing organisms, elegantly circumvents labourious total chemical synthesis approaches and exploits the biosynthetic machinery of the microorganism. The recent revitalization of mutasynthesis is based on advancements in both chemical syntheses and molecular biology, which have provided a broader available substrate range combined with the generation of directed biosynthesis mutants. As an important tool in supporting combinatorial biosynthesis, mutasynthesis will further impact the future development of novel secondary metabolite structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Weist
- Biologische Chemie/Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Grabley S, Thiericke R. Bioactive agents from natural sources: trends in discovery and application. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 1999; 64:101-54. [PMID: 9933977 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-49811-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
About 30% of the worldwide sales of drugs are based on natural products. Though recombinant proteins and peptides account for increasing sales rates, the superiority of low-molecular mass compounds in human diseases therapy remains undisputed mainly due to more favorable compliance and bioavailability properties. In the past, new therapeutic approaches often derived from natural products. Numerous examples from medicine impressively demonstrate the innovative potential of natural compounds and their impact on progress in drug discovery and development. However, natural products are currently undergoing a phase of reduced attention in drug discovery because of the enormous effort which is necessary to isolate the active principles and to elucidate their structures. To meet the demand of several hundred thousands of test samples that have to be submitted to high-throughput screening (HTS) new strategies in natural product chemistry are necessary in order to compete successfully with combinatorial chemistry. Today, pharmaceutical companies have to spend approximately US $350 million to develop a new drug. Currently, approaches to improve and accelerate the joint drug discovery and development process are expected to arise mainly from innovation in drug target elucidation and lead finding. Breakthroughs in molecular biology, cell biology, and genetic engineering in the 1980 s gave access to understanding diseases on the molecular or on the gene level. Subsequently, constructing novel target directed screening assay systems of promising therapeutic significance, automation, and miniaturization resulted in HTS approaches changing the industrial drug discovery process drastically. Furthermore, elucidation of the human genome will provide access to a dramatically increased number of new potential drug targets that have to be evaluated for drug discovery. HTS enables the testing of an increasing number of samples. Therefore, new concepts to generate large compound collections with improved structural diversity are desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Grabley
- Hans-Knöll-Institut für Naturstoff-Forschung e.V., Jena, Germany.
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