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Discovery of Octahydroisoindolone as a Scaffold for the Selective Inhibition of Chitinase B1 from Aspergillus fumigatus: In Silico Drug Design Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247606. [PMID: 34946697 PMCID: PMC8705689 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinases represent an alternative therapeutic target for opportunistic invasive mycosis since they are necessary for fungal cell wall remodeling. This study presents the design of new chitinase inhibitors from a known hydrolysis intermediate. Firstly, a bioinformatic analysis of Aspergillus fumigatus chitinase B1 (AfChiB1) and chitotriosidase (CHIT1) by length and conservation was done to obtain consensus sequences, and molecular homology models of fungi and human chitinases were built to determine their structural differences. We explored the octahydroisoindolone scaffold as a potential new antifungal series by means of its structural and electronic features. Therefore, we evaluated several synthesis-safe octahydroisoindolone derivatives by molecular docking and evaluated their AfChiB1 interaction profile. Additionally, compounds with the best interaction profile (1–5) were docked within the CHIT1 catalytic site to evaluate their selectivity over AfChiB1. Furthermore, we considered the interaction energy (MolDock score) and a lipophilic parameter (aLogP) for the selection of the best candidates. Based on these descriptors, we constructed a mathematical model for the IC50 prediction of our candidates (60–200 μM), using experimental known inhibitors of AfChiB1. As a final step, ADME characteristics were obtained for all the candidates, showing that 5 is our best designed hit, which possesses the best pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic character.
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2
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Zhang Y, Xiao G. Chemical synthesis of TMG-chitotriomycin. J Carbohydr Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2021.2009504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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3
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Glycoside hydrolase family 18 chitinases: The known and the unknown. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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4
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Kühlborn J, Groß J, Opatz T. Making natural products from renewable feedstocks: back to the roots? Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:380-424. [DOI: 10.1039/c9np00040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the utilization of biomass-derived building blocks in the total synthesis of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kühlborn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Jonathan Groß
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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5
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Kumar A, Zhang KYJ. Human Chitinases: Structure, Function, and Inhibitor Discovery. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1142:221-251. [PMID: 31102249 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7318-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases are glycosyl hydrolases that hydrolyze the β-(1-4)-linkage of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units present in chitin polymers. Chitinases are widely distributed enzymes and are present in a wide range of organisms including insects, plants, bacteria, fungi, and mammals. These enzymes play key roles in immunity, nutrition, pathogenicity, and arthropod molting. Humans express two chitinases, chitotriosidase 1 (CHIT1) and acid mammalian chitinase (AMCase) along with several chitinase-like proteins (CLPs). Human chitinases are reported to play a protective role against chitin-containing pathogens through their capability to degrade chitin present in the cell wall of pathogens. Now, human chitinases are gaining attention as the key players in innate immune response. Although the exact mechanism of their role in immune response is not known, studies in recent years begin to relate chitin recognition and degradation with the activation of signaling pathways involved in inflammation. The roles of both CHIT1 and AMCase in the development of various diseases have been revealed and several classes of inhibitors have been developed. However, a clear understanding could not be established due to complexities in the design of the right experiment for studying the role of human chitinase in various diseases. In this chapter, we will first outline the structural features of CHIT1 and AMcase. We will then review the progress in understanding the role of human chitinases in the development of various diseases. Finally, we will summarize the inhibitor discovery efforts targeting both CHIT1 and AMCase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kam Y J Zhang
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
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6
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Elshahawi SI, Shaaban KA, Kharel MK, Thorson JS. A comprehensive review of glycosylated bacterial natural products. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:7591-697. [PMID: 25735878 PMCID: PMC4560691 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00426d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A systematic analysis of all naturally-occurring glycosylated bacterial secondary metabolites reported in the scientific literature up through early 2013 is presented. This comprehensive analysis of 15 940 bacterial natural products revealed 3426 glycosides containing 344 distinct appended carbohydrates and highlights a range of unique opportunities for future biosynthetic study and glycodiversification efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif I Elshahawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. and Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Khaled A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. and Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Madan K Kharel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. and Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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7
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Sakuda S, Inoue H, Nagasawa H. Novel biological activities of allosamidins. Molecules 2013; 18:6952-68. [PMID: 23765233 PMCID: PMC6269690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Allosamidins, which are secondary metabolites of the Streptomyces species, have chitin-mimic pseudotrisaccharide structures. They bind to catalytic centers of all family 18 chitinases and inhibit their enzymatic activity. Allosamidins have been used as chitinase inhibitors to investigate the physiological roles of chitinases in a variety of organisms. Two prominent biological activities of allosamidins were discovered, where one has anti-asthmatic activity in mammals, while the other has the chitinase-production- promoting activity in allosamidin-producing Streptomyces. In this article, recent studies on the novel biological activities of allosamidins are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Sakuda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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8
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One-Pot Synthesis of N-Glycooxazolines, N-Glycoaminooxazolines, and N-Glycothiazolines from Glycals. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Schneemann I, Nagel K, Kajahn I, Labes A, Wiese J, Imhoff JF. Comprehensive investigation of marine Actinobacteria associated with the sponge Halichondria panicea. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:3702-14. [PMID: 20382810 PMCID: PMC2876447 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00780-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Representatives of Actinobacteria were isolated from the marine sponge Halichondria panicea collected from the Baltic Sea (Germany). For the first time, a comprehensive investigation was performed with regard to phylogenetic strain identification, secondary metabolite profiling, bioactivity determination, and genetic exploration of biosynthetic genes, especially concerning the relationships of the abundance of biosynthesis gene fragments to the number and diversity of produced secondary metabolites. All strains were phylogenetically identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses and were found to belong to the genera Actinoalloteichus, Micrococcus, Micromonospora, Nocardiopsis, and Streptomyces. Secondary metabolite profiles of 46 actinobacterial strains were evaluated, 122 different substances were identified, and 88 so far unidentified compounds were detected. The extracts from most of the cultures showed biological activities. In addition, the presence of biosynthesis genes encoding polyketide synthases (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) in 30 strains was established. It was shown that strains in which either PKS or NRPS genes were identified produced a significantly higher number of metabolites and exhibited a larger number of unidentified, possibly new metabolites than other strains. Therefore, the presence of PKS and NRPS genes is a good indicator for the selection of strains to isolate new natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Schneemann
- Kieler Wirkstoff-Zentrum (KiWiZ) at the Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kerstin Nagel
- Kieler Wirkstoff-Zentrum (KiWiZ) at the Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany
| | - Inga Kajahn
- Kieler Wirkstoff-Zentrum (KiWiZ) at the Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany
| | - Antje Labes
- Kieler Wirkstoff-Zentrum (KiWiZ) at the Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jutta Wiese
- Kieler Wirkstoff-Zentrum (KiWiZ) at the Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes F. Imhoff
- Kieler Wirkstoff-Zentrum (KiWiZ) at the Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany
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10
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Gooday GW. Section Review: Anti-infectives: The potential of novel antifungal drugs for the treatment of disease in the immunocompromised host. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.4.8.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Usuki H, Nitoda T, Ichikawa M, Yamaji N, Iwashita T, Komura H, Kanzaki H. TMG-chitotriomycin, an Enzyme Inhibitor Specific for Insect and Fungal β-N-Acetylglucosaminidases, Produced by ActinomyceteStreptomyces anulatusNBRC 13369. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:4146-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ja077641f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Bussink AP, van Eijk M, Renkema GH, Aerts JM, Boot RG. The biology of the Gaucher cell: the cradle of human chitinases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 252:71-128. [PMID: 16984816 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(06)52001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is the most common lysosomal storage disorder and is caused by inherited deficiencies of glucocerebrosidase, the enzyme responsible for the lysosomal breakdown of the lipid glucosylceramide. GD is characterized by the accumulation of pathological, lipid laden macrophages, so-called Gaucher cells. Following the development of enzyme replacement therapy for GD, the search for suitable surrogate disease markers resulted in the identification of a thousand-fold increased chitinase activity in plasma from symptomatic Gaucher patients and that decreases upon successful therapeutic intervention. Biochemical investigations identified a single enzyme, named chitotriosidase, to be responsible for this activity. Chitotriosidase was found to be an excellent marker for lipid laden macrophages in Gaucher patients and is now widely used to assist clinical management of patients. In the wake of the identification of chitotriosidase, the presence of other members of the chitinase family in mammals was discovered. Amongst these is AMCase, an enzyme recently implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. Chitinases are omnipresent throughout nature and are also produced by vertebrates in which they play important roles in defence against chitin-containing pathogens and in food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton P Bussink
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Andersen OA, Dixon MJ, Eggleston IM, van Aalten DMF. Natural product family 18 chitinase inhibitors. Nat Prod Rep 2005; 22:563-79. [PMID: 16193156 DOI: 10.1039/b416660b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ole A Andersen
- Division of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 5EH
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14
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Houston DR, Synstad B, Eijsink VGH, Stark MJR, Eggleston IM, van Aalten DMF. Structure-based exploration of cyclic dipeptide chitinase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2004; 47:5713-20. [PMID: 15509170 DOI: 10.1021/jm049940a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Family 18 chitinases play an essential role in a range of pathogens and pests. Several inhibitors are known, including the potent inhibitors argadin and allosamidin, and the structures of these in complex with chitinases have been elucidated. Recent structural analysis has revealed that CI-4 [cyclo-(L-Arg-D-Pro)] inhibits family 18 chitinases by mimicking the structure of the proposed reaction intermediate. Here we report the high-resolution structures of four new CI-4 derivatives, cyclo-(L-Arg-L-Pro), cyclo-(Gly-L-Pro), cyclo-(L-His-L-Pro), and cyclo-(L-Tyr-L-Pro), in complex with a family 18 chitinase. In addition, details of enzyme inhibition and in vivo activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae are presented. The structures reveal that the common cyclo-(Gly-Pro) substructure is sufficient for binding, allowing modification of the side chain of the nonproline residue. This suggests that design of cyclic dipeptides with a view to increasing inhibition of family 18 chitinases should be possible through relatively accessible chemistry. The derivatives presented here in complex with chitinase B from Serratia marcescens provide further insight into the mechanism of inhibition of chitinases by cyclic dipeptides as well as providing a new scaffold for chitinase inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Houston
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
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15
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El Khadem HS, Fatiadi AJ. HYDRAZINE DERIVATIVES OF CARBA SUGARS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2004; 59:135-73. [PMID: 15607765 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(04)59004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S El Khadem
- Department of Chemistry, The American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
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16
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Fusetti F, von Moeller H, Houston D, Rozeboom HJ, Dijkstra BW, Boot RG, Aerts JMFG, van Aalten DMF. Structure of human chitotriosidase. Implications for specific inhibitor design and function of mammalian chitinase-like lectins. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:25537-44. [PMID: 11960986 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m201636200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin hydrolases have been identified in a variety of organisms ranging from bacteria to eukaryotes. They have been proposed to be possible targets for the design of novel chemotherapeutics against human pathogens such as fungi and protozoan parasites as mammals were not thought to possess chitin-processing enzymes. Recently, a human chitotriosidase was described as a marker for Gaucher disease with plasma levels of the enzyme elevated up to 2 orders of magnitude. The chitotriosidase was shown to be active against colloidal chitin and is inhibited by the family 18 chitinase inhibitor allosamidin. Here, the crystal structure of the human chitotriosidase and complexes with a chitooligosaccharide and allosamidin are described. The structures reveal an elongated active site cleft, compatible with the binding of long chitin polymers, and explain the inactivation of the enzyme through an inherited genetic deficiency. Comparison with YM1 and HCgp-39 shows how the chitinase has evolved into these mammalian lectins by the mutation of key residues in the active site, tuning the substrate binding specificity. The soaking experiments with allosamidin and chitooligosaccharides give insight into ligand binding properties and allow the evaluation of differential binding and design of species-selective chitinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Fusetti
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Trost BM, Dudash J, Hembre EJ. Asymmetric Induction of Conduritols via AAA Reactions: Synthesis of the Aminocyclohexitol of Hygromycin A. Chemistry 2001; 7:1619-29. [PMID: 11349902 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20010417)7:8<1619::aid-chem16190>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two synthetic routes towards the construction of the aminocyclohexitol moiety of hygromycin A have been developed based on palladium-catalyzed asymmetric alkylation of conduritol derivatives. A protocol has been established whereby this biologically relevant molecule is formed from benzoquinone. A conduritol A derivative is synthesized in eight steps from benzoquinone and is then subjected to the palladium reaction. From this flexible intermediate, four epimers of the aminocyclitol, including the natural one, can be obtained with complete stereoselectivity. Racemic conduritol B derivatives are available in four steps from benzoquinone, and these are then made enantiomerically pure by a palladium-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution. From the chiral conduritol B, the aminocyclitol is available in six steps. Excellent levels of enantio- and diastereoselectivity highlight these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Trost
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University, CA 94305-5080, USA.
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18
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Schottelius J, Hünger F, Schüler T, Gonçalves da Costa SC. Chitinolytic activity in viable spores of Encephalitozoon species. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2000; 95:701-5. [PMID: 10998219 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762000000500015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
By employing 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-NN',N"-triacetylchitotriose substrate in a semi quantitative assay, chitinolytic activity in viable spores of Encephalitozoon cuniculi and E. intestinalis was detected and dependence on reaction time, spore concentration, concentration of substrate and temperature were demonstrated. It was possible to block the chitinolytic activity by chitin hydrolysate. By incubation at 80 degrees C for 10 min or at 55 degrees C for 20 min the spores were loosing the chitinolytic activity. Incubation of the spores in trypsin reduced the chitinolytic activity. Cellulase activity could not be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schottelius
- Section of Parasitology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Abstract
In this review we describe inhibition of chitinases from bacteria, fungi, plants and animals by allosamidin and its derivatives, cyclic peptides, styloguanidin and divalent cations. Most information is available for allosamidin, whose important structural features necessary for inhibition are known. At least one N-acetylallosamine sugar must be present, and the spatial arrangement of the allosamizoline moiety are important for inhibition. Less complex compounds are therefore possible as lead structures for the development of agents interfering with chitinase. There is a pronounced species specificity in chitinase inhibition by allosamidin: half-maximal values are often in the range of 0.1-1 microM (e.g. in all arthropods), being lower in nematodes (0.048, 0.0002 microM, respectively) and amoeba (0.002-0.01 microM) and quite divergent in fungi (0.01-70 microM). These differences cannot be caused by the catalytic centers of family 18 and 19 chitinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Spindler
- Universität Ulm, Abteilung Allgemeine Zoologie, Germany
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20
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Wen X, Norling H, Hegedus LS. Synthesis of aminocyclopentitols from chromium carbene complex derived aminocyclobutanones. J Org Chem 2000; 65:2096-103. [PMID: 10774031 DOI: 10.1021/jo991690w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized cyclopentenones were synthesized by the diazomethane ring expansion of cyclobutanones, produced by the photochemical reaction of vinyl oxazolidinones with chromium carbene complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
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Hollis T, Monzingo AF, Bortone K, Ernst S, Cox R, Robertus JD. The X-ray structure of a chitinase from the pathogenic fungus Coccidioides immitis. Protein Sci 2000; 9:544-51. [PMID: 10752616 PMCID: PMC2144563 DOI: 10.1110/ps.9.3.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The X-ray structure of chitinase from the fungal pathogen Coccidioides immitis has been solved to 2.2 A resolution. Like other members of the class 18 hydrolase family, this 427 residue protein is an eight-stranded beta/alpha-barrel. Although lacking an N-terminal chitin anchoring domain, the enzyme closely resembles the chitinase from Serratia marcescens. Among the conserved features are three cis peptide bonds, all involving conserved active site residues. The active site is formed from conserved residues such as tryptophans 47, 131, 315, 378, tyrosines 239 and 293, and arginines 52 and 295. Glu171 is the catalytic acid in the hydrolytic mechanism; it was mutated to a Gln, and activity was abolished. Allosamidin is a substrate analog that strongly inhibits the class 18 enzymes. Its binding to the chitinase hevamine has been observed, and we used conserved structural features of the two enzymes to predict the inhibitors binding to the fungal enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hollis
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin 78712, USA
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22
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Takahashi S, Terayama H, Koshino H, Kuzuhara H. Synthesis of a novel azapseudodisaccharide related to allosamidin employing N,N'-diacetylchitobiose as a key starting material. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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24
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Spindler-Barth M, Blattner R, Vorgias CE, Spindler KD. Inhibition of two family 18 chitinases by various allosamidin derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9063(199801)52:1<47::aid-ps672>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Kassab DJ, Ganem B. An Enantioselective Synthesis of (-)-Allosamidin by Asymmetric Desymmetrization of a Highly Functionalized meso-Epoxide. J Org Chem 1999; 64:1782-1783. [PMID: 11674264 DOI: 10.1021/jo990167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darren J. Kassab
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
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26
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Berecibar A, Grandjean C, Siriwardena A. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Natural Aminocyclopentitol Glycosidase Inhibitors: Mannostatins, Trehazolin, Allosamidins, and Their Analogues. Chem Rev 1999; 99:779-844. [PMID: 11749432 DOI: 10.1021/cr980033l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Berecibar
- Institut de Recherche Jouveinal/Parke-Davis, 3-9, rue de la Loge, BP100, F-94265 Fresnes, France, Institut de Biologie et Institut Pasteur de Lille, URA 1309 du CNRS, 1, rue du Professeur Calmette, BP447, F-59021 Lille, France, and Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
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27
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Sakuda S, Sakurada M. Preparation of biotinylated allosamidins with strong chitinase inhibitory activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2987-90. [PMID: 9873660 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
NaIO4 oxidation of allosamidin (1), a strong inhibitor of family 18 chitinases, followed by a coupling with Biotin Hydrazide afforded its mono- and dibiotinylated derivatives, 4 and 6. Reduction of 4 by NaBH4 afforded its reduced form 5. Each of these three biotinylated derivatives maintained strong chitinase inhibitory activity. Especially, 6 inhibited a Trichoderma chitinase as strongly as 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sakuda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Japan.
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28
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Denmark SE, Dixon JA. Tandem Inter [4 + 2]/Intra [3 + 2] Cycloadditions of Nitroalkenes. Asymmetric Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Aminocyclopentanes Using the Bridged Mode (beta-Tether) Process. J Org Chem 1998; 63:6178-6195. [PMID: 11672248 DOI: 10.1021/jo9802170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric, tandem inter [4 + 2]/intra [3 + 2] bridged mode (beta-tether) cycloaddition of nitroalkenes has been developed. This new sequence involves the Lewis acid-promoted [4 + 2] cycloaddition of nitro olefins with enantiopure 1-alkoxy-1,4-dienes. The resulting nitronates, bearing a C(5) tethered dipolarophile, undergo thermal, intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition to afford stable tricyclic nitroso acetals, which can be subsequently reduced to provide interesting aminocyclopentanes. Thus, in three steps, highly functionalized, enantiomerically enriched aminocyclopentanes can be constructed with good yield and high ee. Additionally, the Lewis acid was found to impart a remarkable influence on the stereochemical outcome of the [4 + 2] cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E. Denmark
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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29
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Sugai T, Okazaki H, Kuboki A, Ohta H. A Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of D-Allosamine Derivatives from Tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1997. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.70.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Spindler KD, Spindler-Barth M, Sakuda S. Effect of demethylation on the chitinase inhibitory activity of allosamidin. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 36:223-227. [PMID: 9327585 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(1997)36:3<223::aid-arch6>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Removal of a methyl group of the allosamizoline moiety of allosamidin decreases the inhibitory effect on family 18 chitinases from three different species (a bacterium, Serratia marcescens, a crustacean, Artemia salina, and an insect cell line, Chironomus tentans). Loss of a second methyl group weakens enzyme inhibition further. This is in agreement with the highly conserved catalytic centre of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Spindler
- Department of General Zoology, University of Ulm.
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31
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Abstract
Two new isomers of allosamidin and allosamizoline, and two dimeric allosamidin analogues have been synthesized. The new compounds have been tested for inhibition of insect chitinase and for toxicity to insect larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Blattner
- Industrial Research Limited, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
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32
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Takahashi S, Terayama H, Kuzuhara H. Synthetic studies on a potential endoglycosidase inhibitor: Chemical conversion of N,N′-diacetylchitobiose into a pseudodisaccharide containing 2-acetamido-1,2-dideoxynojirimycin. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(96)00791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Mechanism of the cyclopentane ring formation of allosamizoline, an aminocyclitol derivative of the chitinase inhibitor allosamidin. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Takahashi S, Terayama H, Koshino H, Kuzuhara H. Design and Synthesis of a Potential Endoglycosidase Inhibitor: Chemical Conversion ofN,N′-Diacetylchitobiose into Novel Pseudodisaccharide Containing a Fivemembered CyclicN,N-Dimethylguanidine. CHEM LETT 1996. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1996.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Griffith DA, Danishefsky SJ. The Total Synthesis of Allosamidin. Expansions of the Methodology of Azaglycosylation Pursuant to the Total Synthesis of Allosamidin. A Surprising Enantiotopic Sense for a Lipase-Induced Deacetylation. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja960526c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Shrader WD, Imperiali B. Synthesis of the glucoallosamidin pseudo-disaccharide: Use of an efficient Hg(II) mediated cyclization. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)02230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Semino CE, Robbins PW. Synthesis of "Nod"-like chitin oligosaccharides by the Xenopus developmental protein DG42. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:3498-501. [PMID: 7724589 PMCID: PMC42194 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.8.3498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Xenopus DG42 gene is expressed only between the late midblastula and neurulation stages of embryonic development. Recent database searches show that DG42 has striking sequence similarity to the Rhizobium NodC protein. NodC catalyzes the synthesis of chitin oligosaccharides which subsequently are transformed into bacterium-plant root signaling molecules. We find that the DG42 protein made in an in vitro coupled transcription-translation system catalyzes the synthesis of an array of chitin oligosaccharides. The result suggests the intriguing possibility that a bacterium-plant type of "Nod" signaling system may operate during early stages of vertebrate embryonic development and raises issues about the use of chitin synthase inhibitors as fungal-specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Semino
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge, 02139-4307, USA
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38
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Takahashi S, Inoue H, Kuzuhara H. Preparation of a Highly Functionalized Cyclopentane Derivative Suitable for the Synthesis of Allosamidin Analogs. J Carbohydr Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309508002071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Takahashi S, Terayama H, Kuzuhara H. Synthesis of demethylallosamidin, a yeast chitinase inhibitor; use of disaccharide glycosyl donor carrying novel neighboring group. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)73136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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40
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Arnone A, Cavicchioli M, Donadelli A, Resnati G. An enantiospecific entry to fluoro substituted aminocyclopentanols through intramolecular nitrile oxide, nitrone, and oxime cycloaddition reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0957-4166(94)80052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Corbett DF, Dean DK, Robinson SR. Synthesis of pseudo-disaccharides related to allosamidin. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(94)85080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Corbett DF, Dean DK, Robinson SR. The synthesis of pseudo-sugars related to allosamizoline. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)60336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Abstract
A number of substances that directly or indirectly affect the cell walls of fungi have been identified. Those that actively interfere with the synthesis or degradation of polysaccharide components share the property of being produced by soil microbes as secondary metabolites. Compounds specifically interfering with chitin or beta-glucan synthesis have proven effective in studies of preclinical models of mycoses, though they appear to have a restricted spectrum of coverage. Semisynthetic derivatives of some of the natural products have offered improvements in activity, toxicology, or pharmacokinetic behavior. Compounds which act on the cell wall indirectly or by a secondary mechanism of action, such as the azoles, act against diverse fungi but are usually fungistatic in nature. Overall, these compounds are attractive candidates for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Hector
- Cutter Biological, Berkeley, California 94710
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45
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46
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47
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Barrett JF, Klaubert DH. Chapter 16. Recent Advances in Antifungal Agents. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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48
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One-pot synthesis of (±)-1′a-carba-1′aβ-hydroxycytidine - a new carbocyclic analogue of cytidine. Tetrahedron Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(91)80147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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