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Bathula SR, Akondi SM, Mainkar PS, Chandrasekhar S. “Pruning of biomolecules and natural products (PBNP)”: an innovative paradigm in drug discovery. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6432-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00403a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Smart Schneider: ‘Nature’ is the most intelligent tailor with an ability to utilize the resources. Researchers are still at an infant stage learning this art. The present review highlights some of the man made pruning of bio-molecules and NPs (PBNP) in finding chemicals with a better therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendar Reddy Bathula
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- 500007 India
| | - Srirama Murthy Akondi
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- 500007 India
| | - Prathama S. Mainkar
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- 500007 India
| | - Srivari Chandrasekhar
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- 500007 India
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Miki H, Ozaki S, Nakamura S, Oda A, Amou H, Ikegame A, Watanabe K, Hiasa M, Cui Q, Harada T, Fujii S, Nakano A, Kagawa K, Takeuchi K, Yata K, Sakai A, Abe M, Matsumoto T. KRN5500, a spicamycin derivative, exerts anti‐myeloma effects through impairing both myeloma cells and osteoclasts. Br J Haematol 2011; 155:328-39. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Miki
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences
| | - Shuji Ozaki
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital
| | - Shingen Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences
| | - Asuka Oda
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences
| | - Hiroe Amou
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences
| | - Akishige Ikegame
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences
| | - Keiichiro Watanabe
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Oral Science
| | - Masahiro Hiasa
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Oral Science
| | - Qu Cui
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences
| | - Takeshi Harada
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences
| | - Shiro Fujii
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences
| | - Ayako Nakano
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences
| | - Kumiko Kagawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences
| | - Kyoko Takeuchi
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima
| | - Ken‐ichiro Yata
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences
| | - Akira Sakai
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences
| | - Toshio Matsumoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences
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Byrd JC, Lucas DM, Mone AP, Kitner JB, Drabick JJ, Grever MR. KRN5500: a novel therapeutic agent with in vitro activity against human B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells mediates cytotoxicity via the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Blood 2003; 101:4547-50. [PMID: 12595316 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-08-2623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is currently palliative, emphasizing the need for identification of new therapies for this disease. KRN5500 is a novel agent that has a unique sensitivity pattern in the National Cancer Institute cell line screening panel, suggesting a unique mechanism of action. To assess its in vitro activity in CLL, we exposed peripheral mononuclear cells from CLL patients (n = 11) to varying concentrations of this agent. Viability of the CLL cells was reduced by 50% (LC50) at 4 hours, 24 hours, and 4 days at KRN5500 concentrations of 2.50 microM, 0.276 microM, and 0.139 microM, respectively. KRN5500 induced cellular injury via caspase-dependent apoptosis involving the intrinsic mitochondrial (caspase-9) initiating caspase and caspase-3 effector caspase; however, expression of the antiapoptotic mitochondrial membrane protein Bcl-2 was unaffected. These data demonstrate KRN5500 has significant in vitro activity against human CLL cells, thus providing support for introduction of this agent into clinical trials for patients with CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Byrd
- Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Mizumura Y, Matsumura Y, Yokoyama M, Okano T, Kawaguchi T, Moriyasu F, Kakizoe T. Incorporation of the anticancer agent KRN5500 into polymeric micelles diminishes the pulmonary toxicity. Jpn J Cancer Res 2002; 93:1237-43. [PMID: 12460465 PMCID: PMC5926897 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2002.tb01229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
KRN5500 is a highly active new semi-synthetic water-insoluble anticancer agent. The only mechanism of anticancer activity of KRN5500 described so far is an inhibitory effect on protein synthesis. At the time of writing, a phase I clinical trial is under way at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, and at the National Cancer Institute in the USA. Although preclinical data did not indicate lung toxicity, some cases of severe pulmonary disorder were reported in the phase I clinical trials. This study has been conducted to examine whether incorporation of KRN5500 into polymeric micelles (KRN/m) could reduce the toxic effects caused by the current formulation of KRN5500. The in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of KRN5500 and KRN/m were compared. Pulmonary toxicity of KRN5500 and KRN/m was studied using a bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury rat model. In BLM-rats, extensive pulmonary hemorrhage with diapedesis was observed with KRN5500 i.v. bolus injection at the dose of 3 mg/kg, which is equivalent to 21.0 mg/m2 (level 5) of the Japanese phase I trial. However, toxicity was not observed when rats were administered KRN / m at the equivalent dose to KRN5500 in potency. Electron microscopy of the lung treated with KRN5500 showed disruption of the alveolar type II membrane with release of lamellar debris. Furthermore, in vivo, KRN/m showed similar antitumor activity to KRN5500. These results indicate that KRN/m may be useful for reducing the pulmonary toxicity associated with the current formulation of KRN5500, while fully maintaining its antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Mizumura
- Department of Medicine, National Cancer Center, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Abstract
The first total synthesis of one of the spicamycin congeners, SPM VIII (3), is described. A preliminary model study for construction of the characteristic N-glycoside linkage in spicamycin using tetra-O-benzyl-beta-D-mannopyranosylamine (13) and halopurines 5 revealed that Pd-catalyzed conditions successfully provided the coupling products 14 and 15 in good yields. It was also shown that thermal anomerization of the N-glycosides easily occurred, which resulted in the predominant formation of the beta-anomer as the thermodynamically favored compound, and the activation energy of anomerization of 15 was estimated to be ca. 30 kcal/mol. The novel aminoheptose unit of spicamycin 6 was prepared stereoselectively by carbon elongation of an acyclic aldehyde, prepared by ring cleavage reaction of a highly functionalized cyclohexane derived from naturally abundant myo-inositol. The Pd-catalyzed coupling reaction of the beta-heptopyranosylamine 6 with protected 6-chloropurine 5d, followed by deprotection, provided spicamycin amino nucleoside 2, whose condensation with dodecanoylglycine completed the total synthesis of 3. This study confirmed the proposed unique structure of a novel nucleoside antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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Stine KC, Warren BA, Saylors RL, Becton DL. KRN5500 induces apoptosis (PCD) of myeloid leukemia cell lines and patient blasts. Leuk Res 2000; 24:741-9. [PMID: 10978778 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(00)00040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if KRN5500, a spicamycin derivative with a unique acyl tail, would induce programmed cell death (PCD) of myeloid leukemia cell lines and cryopreserved leukemic blasts from newly diagnosed children with acute leukemia (AL). Cells were incubated with varying concentrations (0-5 ng/ml) of KRN5500 and the percent PCD determined using a modified in situ end labeling (ISEL) technique with Klenow fragment. The percent PCD was calculated using the formula: Percent PCD (% PCD)=[number of apoptotic cells/(viable cells+apoptotic cells)]x100. DMSO (0.30% w/v) was added to the cells in culture as the positive control for PCD; the negative control was media or albumin. KRN5500 increased the amount of PCD significantly in all five of the tested cell lines; U937 41+/-1.8%, KG1a 40+/-0.3%, HEL 14+/-2.2%, HL-60 41+/-0. 9%, K562 36+/-2% (mean PCD+/-SD). Patient blasts exposed to KRN5500 had an increase in PCD when exposed to 2 ng/ml of agent from 2 to 8 h; acute myeloid leukemia patients 7.5+/-0.5% at 2 h to 43.5+/-1.6% at 8 h, and acute lymphocytic leukemia patients rose from 12.4+/-3.8% at 2 h to 29.9+/-11.6% after 8 h (mean+/-SE). Overall the PCD for the patient samples was 3.7 versus 28+/-4% at 2 and 8 h, respectively. PCD was proportional to the dose of KRN5500 and incubation time. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Stine
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences at Arkansas Children's Hospital, 800 Marshall St., Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
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Suzuki T, Tanaka S, Yamada I, Koashi Y, Yamada K, Chida N. Total synthesis of spicamycin amino nucleoside. Org Lett 2000; 2:1137-40. [PMID: 10804573 DOI: 10.1021/ol005715l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[formula: see text] The first total synthesis of spicamycin amino nucleoside 2 has been achieved. The aminoheptose unit 5 was prepared stereoselectively from myo-inositol, and the characteristic N-glycoside linkage was constructed by way of Pd-catalyzed coupling reaction of 5 with 6-chloropurine derivative 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
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Takara K, Tanigawara Y, Komada F, Nishiguchi K, Sakaeda T, Okumura K. The novel anticancer drug KRN5500 interacts with, but is hardly transported by, human P-glycoprotein. Jpn J Cancer Res 2000; 91:248-54. [PMID: 10761713 PMCID: PMC5926333 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2000.tb00938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of the novel anticancer drug KRN5500, a spicamycin derivative, with human P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was analyzed from the viewpoint of cellular pharmacokinetics, i.e. by means of [3H]azidopine photoaffinity labeling, cellular accumulation and transcellular transport experiments. In this study, P-gp-overexpressing LLC-GA5-COL150 cells, porcine kidney epithelial LLC-PK1 cells transformed with human MDR1 cDNA, were used, since this cell line constructs monolayers with tight junctions, and would provide sufficient information for analyzing the cellular pharmacokinetics. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed that the growth-inhibitory effect of KRN5500 in LLC-GA5-COL150 cells was comparable to that in LLC-PK1 cells (IC50 = 79.4 and 72.7 nM, respectively), but the inhibition of [3H]azidopine binding by KRN5500 was concentration-dependent in the membrane fraction of LLC-GA5-COL150 cells. The cellular accumulation of [14C]KRN5500 after its basal application in LLC-GA5-COL150 cells was slightly lower than that in LLC-PK1 cells, and was restored by the multidrug resistance (MDR) modulator SDZ PSC 833. The basal-to-apical transport of [14C]KRN5500 in LLC-GA5-COL150 cells was also slightly higher than that in LLC-PK1 cells, and was inhibited by SDZ PSC 833. However, the basal-to-apical transport of [14C]KRN5500 in LLC-GA5-COL150 cells was only a little higher than the apical-to-basal transport. Consequently, these results demonstrated that KRN5500 interacted with, but was hardly transported via, P-gp. These observations suggested that KRN5500 may be useful even for the treatment of tumors exhibiting P-gp-mediated MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takara
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Kobe University
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of enantiomeric rhamnose analogues of the antitumour agent spicamycin—is the mode of action by modification of N-linked glycoproteins? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(99)00240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pd-Catalyzed coupling reaction of glycosylamines with 6-chloropurines: Synthesis of 6-(β-d-mannopyranosylamino)-9H-purine and its β-d-gluco isomer, N-glycoside models for spicamycin and septacidin. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yoshioka E, Morino M, Tanaka H, Shinkai H. Manual and automatic extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of a spicamycin derivative, KRN5500, in rat plasma. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1997; 691:371-5. [PMID: 9174273 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(96)00430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive reliable method for the extraction, separation and quantitation of KRN5500 (I), a spicamycin derivative, from rat plasma was developed. It involves solid-phase extraction of the drug using a Bond Elut C18 cartridge and reversed-phase HPLC on a YMC-Pack ODS column with an ultraviolet detector. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation by manual (n=10) and automatic (n=5) extraction were less than 9 and 13% and 6 and 8%, respectively. The limit of quantitation of each extraction procedure was 2 ng potency/ml. This extraction method may thus be considered useful for monitoring I in animals following its administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yoshioka
- Pharmaceutical Development Laboratory, Kirin Brewery Co. Ltd., Maebashi-shi, Gunma, Japan
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