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Meziadi A, Greschner AA, Gauthier MA. Microwave-Induced Transient Heating Accelerates Protein PEGylation. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37130073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PEGylation is one of the most widely employed strategies to increase the circulatory half-life of proteins and to reduce immune responses. However, conventional PEGylation protocols often require excess reagents and extended reaction times because of their inefficiency. This study demonstrates that a microwave-induced transient heating phenomenon can be exploited to significantly accelerate protein PEGylation and even increase the degree of PEGylation achievable beyond what is possible at room temperature. This can be accomplished under conditions that do not compromise protein integrity. Several PEGylation chemistries and proteins are tested, and mechanistic insight is provided. Under certain conditions, extremely high levels of PEGylation were achieved in a matter of minutes. Moreover, considering the significantly reduced reaction times, the microwave-induced transient heating concept was adapted for continuous flow manufacturing of bioconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Meziadi
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Andrea A Greschner
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Marc A Gauthier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
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Calderón-Franco D, Lin Q, van Loosdrecht MCM, Abbas B, Weissbrodt DG. Anticipating Xenogenic Pollution at the Source: Impact of Sterilizations on DNA Release From Microbial Cultures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:171. [PMID: 32232035 PMCID: PMC7082761 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissemination of DNA and xenogenic elements across waterways is under scientific and public spotlight due to new gene-editing tools, such as do-it-yourself (DIY) CRISPR-Cas kits deployable at kitchen table. Over decades, prevention of spread of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), antimicrobial resistances (AMR), and pathogens from transgenic systems has focused on microbial inactivation. However, sterilization methods have not been assessed for DNA release and integrity. Here, we investigated the fate of intracellular DNA from cultures of model prokaryotic (Escherichia coli) and eukaryotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells that are traditionally used as microbial chassis for genetic modifications. DNA release was tracked during exposure of these cultures to conventional sterilization methods. Autoclaving, disinfection with glutaraldehyde, and microwaving are used to inactivate broths, healthcare equipment, and GMOs produced at kitchen table. DNA fragmentation and PCR-ability were measured on top of cell viability and morphology. Impact of these methods on DNA integrity was verified on a template of free λ DNA. Intense regular autoclaving (121°C, 20 min) resulted in the most severe DNA degradation and lowest household gene amplification capacity: 1.28 ± 0.11, 2.08 ± 0.03, and 4.96 ± 0.28 logs differences to the non-treated controls were measured from E. coli, S. cerevisiae, and λ DNA, respectively. Microwaving exerted strong DNA fragmentation after 100 s of exposure when free λ DNA was in solution (3.23 ± 0.06 logs difference) but a minor effect was observed when DNA was released from E. coli and S. cerevisiae (0.24 ± 0.14 and 1.32 ± 0.02 logs differences with the control, respectively). Glutaraldehyde prevented DNA leakage by preserving cell structures, while DNA integrity was not altered. The results show that current sterilization methods are effective on microorganism inactivation but do not safeguard an aqueous residue exempt of biologically reusable xenogenic material, being regular autoclaving the most severe DNA-affecting method. Reappraisal of sterilization methods is required along with risk assessment on the emission of DNA fragments in urban systems and nature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David G. Weissbrodt
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
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Liang C, Liu Z, Liu C, Li Y, Yuan H, Wang T. Cook Your Samples: The Application of Microwave Irradiation in Speeding Up Biological Processes. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:236-244. [PMID: 29396747 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Classic and conventional procedures in molecular cloning are inherent compositions in modern molecular biological experiments and are frequently involved in daily laboratory activities. They take up the majority of the total time input in spite of the availability of well-designed specialized commercial kits. A similar situation is also in the field of biotechnology. Fortunately, microwave/ultrasonic irradiation has been found to be capable of speeding up these processes, such as proteolysis in sample preparation for proteomics research, and digestion, ligation, (de)phosphorylation of DNA with the corresponding enzymes, even the introduction of DNA samples to recipient cells, and biotransformation (e.g., the production of biodiesel). Microwave/ultrasonic irradiation, when used solely or in combination with other existing operations, makes it possible to finish these time-consuming processes in as short as 1 min with comparable or even improved efficiency, and there is no need of reagent upgradation. The adoption of irradiation is ideal because it eliminates any possible side effects of the chemicals used as performance enhancer(s) that will inevitably make the system more complicated at least. More notably, the needed irradiation in the laboratory can be generated by a common microwave oven or ultrasonic cleaner. Taken together, microwave/ultrasonic irradiation provides an accessible method to make the procedures mentioned above time- and cost- efficient. In this article, we reviewed the relevant literature and discussed the experiment and mechanism details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Chaoping Liu
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Yimeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Tianwen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China.
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Kim SC, Premasekharan G, Clark IC, Gemeda HB, Paris PL, Abate AR. Measurement of copy number variation in single cancer cells using rapid-emulsification digital droplet MDA. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2017; 3:17018. [PMID: 30147985 PMCID: PMC6108428 DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2017.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Uniform amplification of low input DNA is important for applications across biology, including single-cell genomics, forensic science, and microbial and viral sequencing. However, the requisite biochemical amplification methods are prone to bias, skewing sequence proportions and obscuring signals relating to copy number. Digital droplet multiple displacement amplification enables uniform amplification, but requires expert knowledge of microfluidics to generate monodisperse emulsions. In addition, existing microfluidic methods are tedious and labor intensive for preparing many samples. Here, we introduce rapid emulsification multiple displacement amplification, a method to generate monodisperse droplets with a hand-held syringe and hierarchical droplet splitter. While conventional microfluidic devices require >10 minutes to emulsify a sample, our system takes tens of seconds and yields data of equivalent quality. We demonstrate the approach by using it to accurately measure copy number variation in single cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C. Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3) San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gayatri Premasekharan
- Department of Urology, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Iain C. Clark
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3) San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hawi B. Gemeda
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3) San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Pamela L. Paris
- Department of Urology, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adam R. Abate
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3) San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Melendez JH, Santaus TM, Brinsley G, Kiang D, Mali B, Hardick J, Gaydos CA, Geddes CD. Microwave-accelerated method for ultra-rapid extraction of Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA for downstream detection. Anal Biochem 2016; 510:33-40. [PMID: 27325503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based detection of gonorrhea infections typically require a two-step process involving isolation of the nucleic acid, followed by detection of the genomic target often involving polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based approaches. In an effort to improve on current detection approaches, we have developed a unique two-step microwave-accelerated approach for rapid extraction and detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea, GC) DNA. Our approach is based on the use of highly focused microwave radiation to rapidly lyse bacterial cells, release, and subsequently fragment microbial DNA. The DNA target is then detected by a process known as microwave-accelerated metal-enhanced fluorescence (MAMEF), an ultra-sensitive direct DNA detection analytical technique. In the current study, we show that highly focused microwaves at 2.45 GHz, using 12.3-mm gold film equilateral triangles, are able to rapidly lyse both bacteria cells and fragment DNA in a time- and microwave power-dependent manner. Detection of the extracted DNA can be performed by MAMEF, without the need for DNA amplification, in less than 10 min total time or by other PCR-based approaches. Collectively, the use of a microwave-accelerated method for the release and detection of DNA represents a significant step forward toward the development of a point-of-care (POC) platform for detection of gonorrhea infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan H Melendez
- Institute of Fluorescence and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Tonya M Santaus
- Institute of Fluorescence and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Gregory Brinsley
- Institute of Fluorescence and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Daniel Kiang
- Institute of Fluorescence and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Buddha Mali
- Institute of Fluorescence and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Justin Hardick
- The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Chris D Geddes
- Institute of Fluorescence and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
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Awad MM, Tovmasyan A, Craik JD, Batinic-Haberle I, Benov LT. Important cellular targets for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7679-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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