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Yusay CTC. To be visible yet remain unseen: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of embodied drug use and recovery of Filipinas. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 52:950-970. [PMID: 39139087 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The experience of drug use is a gendered and culturally embodied phenomenon. This qualitative study aims to unpack the lived experiences of 16 urban, poor, Filipina mothers who used drugs. In-depth interviews were conducted. Data was analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Their experiences were divided into drug initiation and recovery. Key findings show embodied experiences of initiation through starting use, losing control, and navigating through public and private spaces of drug use. Their experiences of drug recovery revolved around decoupling relations, avoiding drug use spaces, and healing their strained home. Theoretically, this study contributes to enriching the analytical underpinnings of IPA through a gendered and embodied perspective. In terms of practical implications, findings point to the need for a gender-conscious approach in intervention design and implementation in the community setting considering the life space of Filipinas who use drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Therese C Yusay
- Department of Psychology, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
- University Research Co LLC, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Peybernard C. [Vulnerability factors and care specific to women and addictions]. Soins Psychiatr 2024; 45:15-19. [PMID: 38527867 DOI: 10.1016/j.spsy.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Like behavioral addictions, substance misuse is a complex disorder, influenced by psychological, clinical and socio-environmental determinants. The processes that lead to addiction are common to both men and women, but patterns of use, risk behaviors and their repercussions differ. Women's access to care is often delayed because they are regularly subjected to stigmatization, violence, and economic or family constraints. Care must be better adapted to their specific needs.
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Kwon ES, Kittaneh AA, Gerardo GM, Koenig J, Thayer JF, Williams DP. Resting Heart Rate Variability, Perceived Emotion Regulation, and Low-Risk Drug Use in College-Aged Adults: Gender as a Moderator. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:885217. [PMID: 35859605 PMCID: PMC9289149 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.885217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of individual differences in drug use is warranted, as a history of use is associated with future drug problems. Such drug use is thought to disrupt inhibitory and motivation networks involved in emotion regulation (ER). Higher resting heart rate variability (HRV), a biomarker of effective inhibitory abilities, is associated with less substance (e.g., alcohol, opioid) use. Higher HRV is associated with lower perceived ER difficulties, and this link is stronger in women relative to men. Evidence suggests women might engage in drug use primarily to reduce stress, and men primarily to induce feelings of elation. Research has yet to examine associations among individuals' difficulties in ER, resting HRV, and a recent history of drug use; the current study explored this, in addition to how these associations might differ as a function of gender. Young and healthy college students (N = 190; 88 women) completed a 5-min baseline to assess resting HRV, followed by the 36-item difficulties in ER Scale and 10-item Drug Abuse Screening Test. Higher difficulties in ER, but not resting HRV, were associated with a greater history of "low-risk" drug use in the full sample and moderation tests confirm this link was stronger in women. Moderated-mediation results confirmed an indirect association between resting HRV and drug use, mediated by self-reported difficulties among women only. A significant association between resting HRV and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) emerged only among women without a history of drug use. These results indicate that difficulties in ER are both associated with a low-risk history of drug use and underlie an indirect link between resting HRV and drug use history in women only. Among these women with a history of drug use relative to women without, there was no link between resting HRV and self-reported difficulties in ER, suggesting a disrupted inhibitory-motivational pathway. Additional work is needed to understand the psychophysiological correlates of a history of low-risk drug use in young men. These data are in line with research suggesting gender differences in the motivation to engage in recreational drug use and ER interventions might be important in women who engage in low-risk recreational drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch S Kwon
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ahmad A Kittaneh
- Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Gina M Gerardo
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Julian Koenig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - DeWayne P Williams
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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4
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Vollmer HC, Domma J. Alters- und geschlechtsspezifische Prädiktoren für Abstinenz nach stationärer Therapie alkoholabhängiger Personen. SUCHT 2021. [DOI: 10.1024/0939-5911/a000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Feldtheoretische Überlegungen veranlassten uns, entgegen dem in Katamnesestudien üblichen Vorgehen, eine getrennte Auswertung für Frauen und Männer verschiedener Altersgruppen vorzunehmen. Unsere Fragestellung lautete, inwiefern sich je nach Geschlecht und Alter unterschiedliche Prädiktoren für Abstinenz ergeben? Methode: Katamnesestudie alkoholabhängiger Personen nach stationärer verhaltenstherapeutischer Behandlung, in der retrospektiv mittels binärer logistischer Regression und Mann-Whitney-U Tests Unterschiede zwischen zur Ein-Jahres-Katamnese rückfälligen und abstinenten Patientinnen (N=712) und Patienten (N=1019) getrennt für verschiedene Altersgruppen analysiert wurden. Zur Erreichung ausreichender Stichprobengrößen wurden die Altersgruppen mittels Quartilen gebildet: 19-41, 42-48, 49-54, 55-79 Jahre. Ergebnisse: Frauen und Männer unterschieden sich nicht in der Abstinenzquote, mit Ausnahme der über 54-jährigen. Mit zunehmendem Alter steigt bei beiden Geschlechtern die Wahrscheinlichkeit für Abstinenz. Signifikante Prädiktoren (p<.01) mit mittlerer Effektstärke für Rückfall waren: vorherige stationäre Entwöhnungsbehandlungen bei den 42- bis 48-jährigen Frauen (OR: 3.6) und den über 54-jährigen Männern (OR: 4.5) und psychische Belastung bei den 42- bis 54-jährigen Männern (r=0.30). Rückfallkritische motivationale Schemata waren hohe Werte der Unzufriedenheit im Bereich das „Leben genießen“ (r=31) und „Leistung“ (r=36) bei den über 54-jährigen Frauen, „Kontrolle haben“ (r=30) bei den 42- bis 48-jährigen Männern und „Alleinsein“ bei den 49- bis 54-jährigen Männern (r=30). Schlussfolgerungen: Unsere Ergebnisse sprechen für eine geschlechter- und alterssensible Forschung und Behandlung unter Einbeziehung sozioökonomischer Merkmale und motivationaler Schemata. Insbesondere bei den unter 42-jährigen Frauen und Männern besteht wegen der hohen Rückfallquote und fehlender Prädiktoren erhöhter Forschungsbedarf.
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Benoit AC, Burchell AN, O'Brien KK, Raboud J, Gardner S, Light L, Beaver K, Cotnam J, Conway T, Price C, Rourke SB, Rueda S, Hart TA, Loutfy M. Examining the association between stress and antiretroviral therapy adherence among women living with HIV in Toronto, Ontario. HIV Res Clin Pract 2020; 21:45-55. [PMID: 32419657 DOI: 10.1080/25787489.2020.1763711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to identify the association between stress and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among women in HIV care in Toronto, Ontario participating in the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study (OCS) between 2007 and 2012. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted cross-sectional analyses with women on ART completing the AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) Adherence Questionnaire. Data closest to, or at the last completed interview, were collected from medical charts, through record linkage with Public Health Ontario Laboratories, and from a standardized self-reported questionnaire comprised of socio-demographic and psycho-socio-behavioral measures (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)), and stress measures (National Population Health Survey). Logistic regression was used to quantify associations with optimal adherence (≥95% adherence defined as missing ≤ one dose of ART in the past 4 weeks). RESULTS Among 307 women, 65.5% had optimal adherence. Women with suboptimal compared to optimal adherence had higher median total stress scores (6.0 [interquartile range (IQR): 3.0-8.1] vs. 4.1 [IQR: 2.0-7.1], p = 0.001), CES-D scores (16 [IQR: 6-28] vs. 12 [IQR: 3-22], p = 0.008) and reports of hazardous and harmful alcohol use (31.1% vs. 17.9%, p = 0.008). In our multivariable model, we found an increased likelihood of optimal adherence with the absence of hazardous and harmful alcohol use (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-4.32) and a decreased likelihood of optimal adherence with more self-reported stress (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33-0.94). CONCLUSIONS Interventions supporting optimal ART adherence should address stress and include strategies to reduce or eliminate hazardous and harmful alcohol use for women living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita C Benoit
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ann N Burchell
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly K O'Brien
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Janet Raboud
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Gardner
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Baycrest Health Sciences, Kunin-Lunenfeld Centre for Applied Research and Evaluation (KL-CARE), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lucia Light
- Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kerrigan Beaver
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jasmine Cotnam
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tracey Conway
- Project Community Advisory Committee, Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colleen Price
- Project Community Advisory Committee, Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean B Rourke
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sergio Rueda
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor A Hart
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mona Loutfy
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ji H, Xu X, Liu G, Liu H, Wang Q, Shen W, Li L, Xie X, Hu H, Xu L, Zhou W, Duan S. Dopamine receptor D4 promoter hypermethylation increases the risk of drug addiction. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2128-2133. [PMID: 29434815 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Heroin and methylamphetamine (METH) are two addictive drugs that cause serious problems for society. Dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4), a key receptor in the dopaminergic system, may facilitate the development of drug addiction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the promoter methylation level of DRD4 gene and drug addiction. Bisulfite pyrosequencing technology was used to measure the methylation levels of DRD4 promoter in 60 drug addicts and 52 matched controls. Significantly higher levels of DRD4 CpG1 and CpG4 methylation were detected in METH and heroin drug addicts compared with controls (P<0.05). Male METH addicts exhibited significantly higher DRD4 CpG1, CpG2 and CpG4 methylation levels compared with sex-matched controls (P<0.05). In heroin addicts, a positive correlation was observed between depression-dejection and DRD4 CpG5 methylation (r=0.537, P=0.039) whereas there was a negative correlation between drug usage frequency and CpG1 methylation (r=-0.632, P=0.011). In METH addicts, methylation levels were not significantly associated with depression-dejection and drug usage frequency. In addition, luciferase assays demonstrated that the target sequence of the DRD4 promoter upregulates gene expression. The results of the present study suggest that DNA methylation of DRD4 may be responsible for the pathophysiology of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ji
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Xuting Xu
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Guili Liu
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Huifen Liu
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Qinwen Wang
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Shen
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Longhui Li
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohu Xie
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Haochang Hu
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
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Adam A, Faouzi M, Yersin B, Bodenmann P, Daeppen JB, Bertholet N. Women and Men Admitted for Alcohol Intoxication at an Emergency Department: Alcohol Use Disorders, Substance Use and Health and Social Status 7 Years Later. Alcohol Alcohol 2016; 51:567-75. [PMID: 27358186 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agw035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess the prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD), substance use, mental health and social status 7 years following an Emergency Department (ED) admission for alcohol intoxication. To assess gender differences in these prevalences. METHODS Cohort of 631 patients aged 18-30 years admitted for alcohol intoxication in 2006-2007 at a tertiary referral hospital in Switzerland, contacted for an interview in 2014. Assessment consisted of demography, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for AUD, Patient Health Questionnaire (depression, anxiety) and lifetime/past year use of tobacco/illegal drugs. Gender differences were assessed with Chi-square tests, t-tests and Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS In 2014, 318/631 (50.4%) completed the interview. Study completers were not different from non-completers on baseline characteristics (all P > 0.2). Of study completers, 36.8% were unemployed, 56.9% reported hazardous alcohol use, 15.1% alcohol dependence, 13.2% harmful use, 18.6% depression, 15.4% anxiety disorder. Prevalence of any use (lifetime/past year) was 93.4%/80.2% for tobacco, 86.6%/53.1% for cannabis, 54.7%/22.6% for cocaine, 25.6%/13.5% for sedatives, 40.9%/11.0% for stimulants, 21.7%/7.2% for opioids. Men reported significantly more binge drinking, AUD, cannabis use (past year) and more lifetime cannabis, cocaine and stimulants use (all P < 0.05). There was no gender difference in the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use and tobacco use. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was significantly higher in women (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Seven years after being admitted for alcohol intoxication, young patients are likely to present substance misuse, mental health disorders and social problems, suggesting that they should be offered secondary prevention measures while in the ED. SHORT SUMMARY We studied a cohort of patients aged 18-30 and admitted for alcohol intoxication in 2006-2007 at a tertiary hospital. Participants were interviewed in 2014. Seven years after an admission for alcohol intoxication, patients are likely to present AUDs, substance misuse, mental health disorders and social problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angéline Adam
- Alcohol Treatment Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Pavillon P2, Etage no 02, Avenue de Beaumont 21bis, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Faouzi
- Alcohol Treatment Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Pavillon P2, Etage no 02, Avenue de Beaumont 21bis, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Yersin
- Emergency Department, Lausanne University Hospital, BH 09 773, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Bodenmann
- Vulnerable Populations Center, Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, Lausanne University, BU44 06 2202, Rue du Bugnon 44, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Bernard Daeppen
- Alcohol Treatment Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Pavillon P2, Etage no 02, Avenue de Beaumont 21bis, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bertholet
- Alcohol Treatment Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Pavillon P2, Etage no 02, Avenue de Beaumont 21bis, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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