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Xiu L, Zhao Y, Li N, Zeng J, Liu J, Fu Y, Gao Q, Wu L. High expression of RARG accelerates ovarian cancer progression by regulating cell proliferation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1063031. [PMID: 36523991 PMCID: PMC9746340 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1063031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the relationship between retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARG) and ovarian cancer (OC) cell proliferation and the prognosis of patients. METHODS The transcriptome and clinical information of 379 OC and 88 normal ovarian samples were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. We compared the mRNA level of RARG between ovrian normal and tumor tissues with the Wilcoxon rank sum test.The R package "limma" was used to analyze the differences in RARG expression between different clinical subgroups. Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied to evaluate the correlation between RARG and prognosis of patients. A nomogram was established to predict the effect of RARG on prognosis of OC patients. Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR experiments were conducted to determine the differential expression of RARG between ovarian normal and tumor tissues. Finally, we altered RARG expression using specific siRNA and lentiviral expression vectors to explore the function of RARG by CCK-8, cell cycle, colony formation, and xenograft assays in nude mice. RESULTS RARG was highly expressed in ovarian tumors and was an independent predictor of poor overall survival outcomes. Subgroup analysis showed the high expression of RARG was related to FIGO stage III-IV (P=0.027), overall survival time <5 years (P=0.013) and dead status (P=0.041). The Kaplan-Meier curve indicated that patients with high RARG expression level had poor prognosis. The area under the curve (AUC) of RAGR expression for predicting patient survival rates at 1, 5 and 9 years were 0.659, 0.616 and 0.627, respectively. The GSEA enrichment analysis revealed that RARG was involved in ovarian cancer progression through multiple pathways. In cellular experiments in vitro, downregulation of RARG expression significantly suppressed the proliferation and colony formation capacity of OC cells. In cellular experiments in vivo, knockdown of RARG significantly reduced tumor growth in nude mice, decreased expression levels of Ki-67 and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). CONCLUSIONS High expression of RARG could promote OC cell proliferation and was an independent predictor of poor prognosis. RARG might work as a potential molecular target and biomarker for individualized diagnosis and treatment in OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongliang Fu
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Gao
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lingying Wu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zheng W, Zhao Z, Yi X, Zuo Q, Li H, Guo X, Li D, He H, Pan Z, Fan P, Li F, Liao Y, Shao R. Down-regulation of IFITM1 and its growth inhibitory role in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:88. [PMID: 29051711 PMCID: PMC5633880 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is a major cause of death in women worldwide. Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) is involved in antivirus defense, cell adhesion, and carcinogenesis in different tissues. However, the role of IFITM1 gene in cervical squamous cell cancer is unclear. METHODS To explore the role of IFITM1 in carcinogenesis of cervical cancer, we investigated the expression of IFITM1 gene in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. IFITM1 mRNA level was measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR in cervical cancer tissues and their adjacent normal tissues. IFITM1 protein level was measured by immunohistochemistry. Methylation in the IFITM1 gene promoter was detected by methylation-specific PCR. We then transfected HeLa cells with IFITM1 expression vector or control vector. IFITM1 expression was examined; cell migration and invasion were analyzed by wound healing assay and matrigel-coated transwell migration assays, respectively. HeLa cell proliferation was measured by cell counting kit-8 assay and cell cycle analysis. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining assay. RESULTS The difference in IFITM1 protein expression between samples from chronic cervicitis and cervical carcinoma was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Ki-67 and PCNA protein expression levels were significantly higher in cervical cancer tissues than in their corresponding cervicitis tissues (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). IFITM1 mRNA level was significantly lower in cervical cancer tissues than in normal cervical tissues (P < 0.05). Methylation of the IFITM1 gene promoter was significantly higher in cervical cancer than in normal cervical tissues (P < 0.05). Transfection of the IFITM1 pcDNA3.1 construct decreased cell migration and invasion of HeLa cells, inhibited cell proliferation, and increased cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION IFITM1 gene expression may reduce the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical squamous cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Science of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, 832002 Xinjiang China
| | - Zhimin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Science of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, 832002 Xinjiang China
| | - Xinan Yi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical Science Division, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571100 Hainan China
| | - Qiangqiang Zuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, 832002 Xinjiang China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, 832002 Xinjiang China
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, 832002 Xinjiang China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, 832002 Xinjiang China
| | - Hongchang He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, 832002 Xinjiang China
| | - Zemin Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Science of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, 832002 Xinjiang China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Peiwen Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, 832002 Xinjiang China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi, 832002 Xinjiang China
| | - Yanhong Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Science of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Renfu Shao
- Genecology Research Centre, Centre for Animal Health Innovation, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, DC, QLD 4558 Australia
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Wu BL, Zou HY, Lv GQ, Du ZP, Wu JY, Zhang PX, Xu LY, Li EM. Protein-protein interaction network analyses for elucidating the roles of LOXL2-delta72 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:2345-51. [PMID: 24716982 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.5.2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2), a member of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family, is a copper-dependent enzyme that catalyzes oxidative deamination of lysine residues on protein substrates. LOXL2 was found to be overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in our previous research. We later identified a LOXL2 splicing variant LOXL2-delta72 and we overexpressed LOXL2-delta72 and its wild type counterpart in ESCC cells following microarray analyses. First, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of LOXL2 and LOXL2-delta72 compared to empty plasmid were applied to generate protein-protein interaction (PPI) sub-networks. Comparison of these two sub-networks showed hundreds of different proteins. To reveal the potential specific roles of LOXL2- delta72 compared to its wild type, the DEGs of LOXL2-delta72 vs LOXL2 were also applied to construct a PPI sub-network which was annotated by Gene Ontology. The functional annotation map indicated the third PPI sub-network involved hundreds of GO terms, such as "cell cycle arrest", "G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle", "interphase", "cell-matrix adhesion" and "cell-substrate adhesion", as well as significant "immunity" related terms, such as "innate immune response", "regulation of defense response" and "Toll signaling pathway". These results provide important clues for experimental identification of the specific biological roles and molecular mechanisms of LOXL2-delta72. This study also provided a work flow to test the different roles of a splicing variant with high-throughput data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Li Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China E-mail : ,
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Progression from Excessive to Deficient Syndromes in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Dynamical Network Analysis of miRNA Array Data. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:945245. [PMID: 23690867 PMCID: PMC3652179 DOI: 10.1155/2013/945245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment is regarded as a safe and effective method for chronic hepatitis B (CHB), which requires a traditional diagnosis method to distinguish the TCM syndrome. In this study, we study the differences and similarities among excessive, excessive-deficient, and deficient syndromes, by an integrative and comparative analysis of weighted miRNA expression or miRNA-target network in CHB patients. We first calculated the differential expressed miRNAs based on random module t-test and classified three CHB TCM syndromes using SVM method. Then, miRNA target genes were obtained by validated database and predicted programs subsequently, the weighted miRNA-target networks were constructed for different TCM syndromes. Furthermore, prioritize target genes of networks of CHB TCM syndromes progression analyzed using DAVID online analysis. The results have shown that the difference between TCM syndromes is distinctly based on hierarchical cluster and network structure. GO and pathway analysis implicated that three CHB syndromes more likely have different molecular mechanisms, while the excessive-deficient and deficient syndromes are more dangerous than excessive syndrome in the process of tumorigenesis. This study suggested that miRNAs are important mediators for TCM syndromes classification as well as CHB development progression and therefore could be potential diagnosis and therapeutic molecular markers.
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