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Liu X, Jiang B, Cheng A, Guo Y, Wang L, Liu W, Yin W, Li Y, Jiang X, Ren C. The effects of doxorubicin loaded aptamer S3-linked DNA tetrahedrons on nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 52:79. [PMID: 38087297 PMCID: PMC10717102 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-023-00673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our research group in the early stage identified CD109 as the target of aptamer S3 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study was to use S3 to connect DNA tetrahedron (DT) and load doxorubicin (Dox) onto DT to develop a targeted delivery system, and explore whether S3-DT-Dox can achieve targeted therapy for NPC. METHODS Aptamer S3-conjugated DT was synthesized and loaded with Dox. The effects of S3-DT-Dox on NPC cells were investigated with laser confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and MTS assays. A nude mouse tumor model was established from NPC 5-8F cells, and the in vivo anti-tumor activity of S3-DT-Dox was examined by using fluorescent probe labeling and hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS The synthesized S3-DT had high purity and stability. S3-DT specifically recognized 5-8F cells and NPC tissues in vitro. When the ratio of S3-DT to Dox was 1:20, S3-DT had the best Dox loading efficiency. The drug release rate reached the maximum (0.402 ± 0.029) at 48 h after S3-DT-Dox was prepared and mixed with PBS. S3-DT did not affect Dox toxicity to 5-8F cells, but reduced Dox toxicity to non-target cells. Meanwhile, S3-DT-Dox was able to specifically target the transplanted tumors and inhibit their growth in nude mice, with minor damage to normal tissues. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the ability and safety of S3-DT-Dox to target NPC cells and inhibit the development NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwu Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Bincan Jiang
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Ailan Cheng
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Youwei Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Lei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Wen Yin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yihan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Caiping Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
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An Exploratory Study of Refining TNM-8 M1 Categories and Prognostic Subgroups Using Plasma EBV DNA for Previously Untreated De Novo Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081923. [PMID: 35454830 PMCID: PMC9031957 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: NPC patients with de novo distant metastasis appears to be a heterogeneous group who demonstrate a wide range of survival, as suggested by growing evidence. Nevertheless, the current 8th edition of TNM staging (TNM-8) grouping all these patients into the M1 category is not able to identify their survival differences. We sought to identify any anatomic and non-anatomic subgroups in this study. (2) Methods: Sixty-nine patients with treatment-naive de novo M1 NPC (training cohort) were prospectively recruited from 2007 to 2018. We performed univariable and multivariable analyses (UVA and MVA) to explore anatomic distant metastasis factors, which were significantly prognostic of overall survival (OS). Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) with the incorporation of significant factors from MVA was then performed to derive a new set of RPA stage groups with OS segregation (Set 1 Anatomic-RPA stage groups); another run of MVA was performed with the addition of pre-treatment plasma EBV DNA. A second-round RPA with significant prognostic factors of OS identified in this round of MVA was performed again to derive another set of stage groups (Set 2 Prognostic-RPA stage groups). Both sets were then validated externally with an independent validation cohort of 67 patients with distant relapses of their initially non-metastatic NPC (rM1) after radical treatment. The performance of models in survival segregation was evaluated by the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and concordance index (C-index) under 1000 bootstrapping samples for the validation cohort; (3) Results: The 3-year OS and median follow-up in the training cohort were 36.0% and 17.8 months, respectively. Co-existence of liver-bone metastases was the only significant prognostic factor of OS in the first round UVA and MVA. Set 1 RPA based on anatomic factors that subdivide the M1 category into two groups: M1a (absence of co-existing liver-bone metastases; median OS 28.1 months) and M1b (co-existing liver-bone metastases; median OS 19.2 months, p = 0.023). When pre-treatment plasma EBV DNA was also added, it became the only significant prognostic factor in UVA (p = 0.001) and MVA (p = 0.015), while co-existing liver-bone metastases was only significant in UVA. Set 2 RPA with the incorporation of pre-treatment plasma EBV DNA yielded good segregation (M1a: EBV DNA ≤ 2500 copies/mL and M1b: EBV DNA > 2500 copies/mL; median OS 44.2 and 19.7 months, respectively, p < 0.001). Set 2 Prognostic-RPA groups (AIC: 228.1 [95% CI: 194.8−251.8] is superior to Set 1 Anatomic-RPA groups (AIC: 278.5 [254.6−301.2]) in the OS prediction (p < 0.001). Set 2 RPA groups (C-index 0.59 [95% CI: 0.54−0.67]) also performed better prediction agreement in the validation cohort (vs. Set 1: C-index 0.47 [95% CI: 0.41−0.53]) (p < 0.001); (4) Conclusions: Our Anatomic-RPA stage groups yielded good segregation for de novo M1 NPC, and prognostication was further improved by incorporating plasma EBV DNA. These new RPA stage groups for M1 NPC can be applied to countries/regions regardless of whether reliable and sensitive plasma EBV DNA assays are available or not.
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Jin T, Zhang Q, Jin QF, Hua YH, Chen XZ. Anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor with or without chemotherapy for patients with recurrent and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100989. [PMID: 33341487 PMCID: PMC7750692 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the efficacy and safety of anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor plus chemotherapy with anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor alone in recurrent and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (R/M NPC) progressing after first or subsequent-line therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 67 patients with recurrent and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma from our hospital were included. All patients were sorted into two arms: anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor+ chemotherapy arm and anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor arm. We retrospectively estimated objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients of both arms. Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier methodology were used to analyze. RESULTS From September 2018 to March 2020, this research included 67 patients. For anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor+ chemotherapy arm, partial response and stable disease were observed in fourteen and 11 patients, respectively, for an ORR of 53.8%. For anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor arm, complete response and partial response were observed in one and 5 patients, respectively, for an ORR of 14.6%. The incidence of hyperprogressive disease was higher in the anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor group compared with anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor+ chemotherapy group (39.0% vs 3.8%, p<0.05). Univariable analyses discovered that 6-month PFS and OS benefits were observed for anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor+ chemotherapy arm compared to anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor arm (65.4% vs. 28.6%, P = 0.001; 100.0% vs. 73.5%, P = 0.014). CONCLUSION In present study, we revealed that adding chemotherapy to anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor significantly improved 6-month PFS and OS for patients with R/M NPC progressing after first-line therapy. It warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jin
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310000, China; Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Qi-Feng Jin
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310000, China; Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yong-Hong Hua
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310000, China; Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Chen
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310000, China; Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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Huang ZH, Qiao J, Feng YY, Qiu MT, Cheng T, Wang J, Zheng CF, Lv ZQ, Wang CH. Reticulocalbin-1 knockdown increases the sensitivity of cells to Adriamycin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell apoptosis. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1576-1589. [PMID: 32436770 PMCID: PMC7469451 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1733750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) mainly appears in southeastern Asian countries, including China. Adriamycin (ADM), a type of antitumor drug, is widely applied in treatments against various cancers. Nevertheless, cancer cells will eventually develop drug resistance to ADM. The present study aims to explore the potential role of reticulocalbin-1 (RCN1) in NPC cells resistance to ADM. Microarray-based analysis was used to screen NPC-related genes, with RCN1 acquired for this current study. RCN1 expression in NPC tissues and cells was determined. The biological function of RCN1 on NPC cell apoptosis was evaluated via gain- and loss-of-function experiments in 5-8 F/ADM and 5-8 F cells by delivering si-RCN1 and RCN1-vector. The function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on cell apoptosis was measured with the involvement of the PERK-CHOP signaling pathway. Furthermore, tumor formation in nude mice was performed to evaluate the survival condition and RCN1 effects in vivo. RCN1 was highly expressed in NPC tissues and cell lines. The increased expression of ER-related proteins ATF4, CHOP, and the extents of IRE1 and PERK phosphorylation were observed. RCN1 knockdown was found to reduce resistance of NPC cells/tissues to ADM while activating ER stress through the activated PERK-CHOP signaling pathway, which further promoted NPC cell apoptosis. These in vitro findings were detected in vivo on tumor formation in nude mice. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that RCN1 knockdown stimulates ADM sensitivity in NPC by promoting ER stress-induced cell apoptosis, highlighting a theoretical basis for NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hao Huang
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Qiao
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | | | - Meng-Ting Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Ting Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Feng Zheng
- Linfen Meternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Linfen, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qin Lv
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Hong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
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Prawira A, Oosting SF, Chen TW, delos Santos KA, Saluja R, Wang L, Siu LL, Chan KKW, Hansen AR. Systemic therapies for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1743-1752. [PMID: 29065104 PMCID: PMC5729473 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of published studies in recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RM-NPC) are single-arm trials. Reliable modelling of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) outcomes, therefore, is difficult. This study aim to analyse existent literature to estimate the relative efficacy of available systemic regimens in RM-NPC, as well as provide estimates of aggregate OS and PFS. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library to March 2015. Clinical trials (in English only) investigating cytotoxic and molecularly targeted agents in adult patients with RM-NPC were included. All relevant studies were assessed for quality using Downs and Blacks (DB) checklist (maximum quality score of 27). Aggregate data analysis and Student's t-test were performed for all identified studies (model A). For studies that published analysable Kaplan-Meier curves, survival data were extracted and marginal proportional hazards models were constructed (model B). RESULTS A total of 56 studies were identified and included in model A, 26 of which had analysable Kaplan-Meier curves and were included in model B. The 26 studies in model B had significantly higher mean DB scores than the remaining 30 (17.3 vs 13.7, P=0.002). For patients receiving first line chemotherapy, the estimated median OS was 15.7 months by model A (95% CI, 12.3-19.1), and 19.3 months by model B (95% CI, 17.6-21.1). For patients undergoing second line or higher therapies (2nd+), the estimated median OS was 11.5 months by model A (95% CI 10.1-12.9), and 12.5 months by model B (95% CI 11.9-13.4). PFS estimates for patients undergoing first-line chemotherapy by model A was 7.6 months (95% CI, 6.2-9.0), and 8.0 months by model B (95% CI, 7.6-8.8). For patients undergoing therapy in the 2nd+ setting, the estimated PFS by model A was 5.4 months (95% CI, 3.8-7.0), and 5.2 months by model B (95% CI, 4.7-5.6). CONCLUSIONS We present the first aggregate estimates of OS and PFS for RM-NPC patients receiving first and second-line or higher treatment settings, which could inform the design of future clinical trials in this disease setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prawira
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S F Oosting
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - T W Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - R Saluja
- University of Waterloo, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Wang
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L L Siu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - K K W Chan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A R Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Palliative systemic therapy for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma – How far have we achieved? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 114:13-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Lee VH, Kwong DL, Lam KO, Lai YC, Li Y, Tong CC, Ho PP, Chan WL, Wong LS, Leung DK, Chan SY, Chan FT, Leung TW, Lee AW. Metronomic oral cyclosphosphamide as third-line systemic treatment or beyond in patients with inoperable locoregionally advanced recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6518. [PMID: 28403082 PMCID: PMC5403079 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no standard third-line or further systemic treatment for patients with inoperable locoregionally advanced recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Metronomic oral cyclophosphamide provides an acceptable and cheap option for these heavily pretreated patients who had limited choices. We conducted a prospective phase II single-arm open-label study of metronomic oral cyclophosphamide. Patients with locoregionally advanced recurrent inoperable (rT3/T4, rN2-N3b) or metastatic (rM1) NPC who had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) (0-2) and had progressed after at least 2 lines of palliative systemic chemotherapy were eligible. They received oral cyclophosphamide between 50 and 150 mg once daily until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity. Objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), biochemical response (two consecutive declines of plasma EBV DNA after treatment), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety profiles were evaluated. A total of 56 patients were recruited. Thirty-three, 13, 6, 3, and 1 patients received cyclophosphamide as 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th line of therapy respectively. After a median follow-up of 9.95 months (range 1.76-59.51 months), the ORR was 8.9% and the DCR was 57.1%. The median PFS and OS were 4.47 and 9.20 months, respectively. Those with PS 1 had longer median PFS (5.49 months) compared to those with PS 2 (3.75 months, P = .011). Besides, those who had locoregionally recurrent disease had better PFS (8.97 months, 95% CI, 0.53-17.41 months) compared to those who had distant metastases (4.14 months, 95% CI, 2.53-5.75 months, P = .020). Multivariable analysis revealed that PS 1 (vs 2) (P = .020) and locoregional recurrence (vs metastasis) (P = .029) were the only significant independent prognostic factors of PFS. Around 16 (28.6%) patients developed grade ≥3 adverse events, including malaise (5.4%), hematological (8.9%), gastrointestinal (3.6%), feverish (3.6%), and hemorrhagic (1.8%) events. The median cost of the whole drug treatment was 51.65 US dollars (USD) (range 4.15-142.75 USD) (1 USD = 7.8 HK dollars [HKD]). Metronomic oral cyclophosphamide is an acceptable third-line or beyond systemic therapy for locoregionally advanced recurrent or metastatic NPC with acceptable toxicity and limited financial burden.
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Cao L, Zhu W, Wagar EA, Meng QH. Biomarkers for monitoring chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2016; 54:87-101. [PMID: 28013560 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2016.1261270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity, including acute and late-onset cardiotoxicity, is a well-known adverse effect of many types of antitumor agents. Early identification of patients with cardiotoxicity is important to ensure prompt treatment and minimize toxic effects. The etiology of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is multifactorial. Traditional methods for assessment of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity typically involve serial measurements of cardiac function via multi-modality imaging techniques. Typically, however, significant left ventricular dysfunction has already occurred when cardiotoxicity is detected by imaging techniques. Biomarkers, most importantly cardiac natriuretic peptides and troponins, are promising markers for identifying patients potentially at risk for clinical heart failure symptoms. This review summarizes the recent progress in clinical utilization of biomarkers for early diagnosis of acute cardiotoxicity and for prediction of late-onset cardiotoxicity. We also discuss the conflicting results of different studies and the association of results with study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Cao
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , Unit 37, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA and
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
| | - Elizabeth A Wagar
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , Unit 37, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA and
| | - Qing H Meng
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , Unit 37, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA and
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Chan OS, Ngan RK. Individualized treatment in stage IVC nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:791-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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