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Khan MM, Yalamarty SSK, Rajmalani BA, Filipczak N, Torchilin VP. Recent strategies to overcome breast cancer resistance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 197:104351. [PMID: 38615873 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is potentially a lethal disease and a leading cause of death in women. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most frequently used treatment options. Drug resistance in advanced breast cancer limits the therapeutic output of treatment. The leading cause of resistance in breast cancer is endocrine and hormonal imbalance, particularly in triple negative and HER2 positive breast cancers. The efflux of drugs due to p-gp's activity is another leading cause of resistance. Breast cancer resistant protein also contributes significantly. Strategies used to combat resistance include the use of nanoparticles to target drug delivery by co-delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and genes (siRNA and miRNA) that help to down-regulate genes causing resistance. The siRNA is specific and effectively silences p-gp and other proteins causing resistance. The use of chemosensitizers is also effective in overcoming resistance. Chemo-sensitizers sensitize cancer cells to the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. Novel anti-neoplastic agents such as antibody-drug conjugates and mesenchymal stem cells are also effective tools used to improve the therapeutic response in breast cancer. Similarly, combination of photo/thermal ablation with chemotherapy can act to overcome breast cancer resistance. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of breast cancer resistance and the nanoparticle-based strategies used to combat resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Muzamil Khan
- Center of Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Bharat Ashok Rajmalani
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nina Filipczak
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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2
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Akhtar J, Imran M, Wang G. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated CtBP1 Gene Editing Enhances Chemosensitivity and Inhibits Metastatic Potential in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14030. [PMID: 37762332 PMCID: PMC10530806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Innovative therapeutic strategies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are urgently required due to the limited effectiveness of standard chemotherapies. C-Terminal Binding Protein 1 (CtBP1) has been implicated in various cancers, including ESCC. However, the precise expression patterns and functional roles of CtBP1 in ESCC remain inadequately characterized. In this study, we aimed to investigate CtBP1 expression and its role in the resistance of ESCC to paclitaxel, an effective chemotherapeutic agent. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were applied to assess CtBP1 expression in the TE-1 and KYSE-50 cell lines. We observed the marked expression of CtBP1, which was associated with enhanced proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in these cell lines. Further, we successfully generated paclitaxel resistant ESCC cell lines and conducted cell viability assays. We employed the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system to disable the CtBP1 gene in ESCC cell lines. Through the analysis of the drug dose-response curve, we assessed the sensitivity of these cell lines in different treatment groups. Remarkably, CtBP1-disabled cell lines displayed not only improved sensitivity but also a remarkable inhibition of proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. This demonstrates that CtBP1 may promote ESCC cell malignancy and confer paclitaxel resistance. In summary, our study opens a promising avenue for targeted therapies, revealing the potential of CtBP1 inhibition to enhance the effectiveness of paclitaxel treatment for the personalized management of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Akhtar
- Futian Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China;
- Biomedical Science and Engineering, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Computer Science & IT, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Guanyu Wang
- Futian Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China;
- Biomedical Science and Engineering, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
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Cho CS, Jo DH, Kim JH, Kim JH. Establishment and Characterization of Carboplatin-Resistant Retinoblastoma Cell Lines. Mol Cells 2022; 45:729-737. [PMID: 36047446 PMCID: PMC9589373 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboplatin-based chemotherapy is the primary treatment option for the management of retinoblastoma, an intraocular malignant tumor observed in children. The aim of the present study was to establish carboplatin-resistant retinoblastoma cell lines to facilitate future research into the treatment of chemoresistant retinoblastoma. In total, two retinoblastoma cell lines, Y79 and SNUOT-Rb1, were treated with increasing concentrations of carboplatin to develop the carboplatin-resistant retinoblastoma cell lines (termed Y79/CBP and SNUOT-Rb1/CBP, respectively). To verify resistance to carboplatin, the degree of DNA fragmentation and the expression level of cleaved caspase-3 were evaluated in the cells, following carboplatin treatment. In addition, the newly developed carboplatin-resistant retinoblastoma cells formed in vivo intraocular tumors more effectively than their parental cells, even after the intravitreal injection of carboplatin. Interestingly, the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase was higher in Y79/CBP and SNUOT-Rb1/CBP cells than in their respective parental cells. In line with these data, the expression levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin D3 were decreased, whereas p18 and p27 expression was increased in the carboplatin-resistant cells. In addition, the expression levels of genes associated with multidrug resistance were increased. Thus, these carboplatin-resistant cell lines may serve as a useful tool in the study of chemoresistance in retinoblastoma and for the development potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sik Cho
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Jo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | | | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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4
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The Effect of Aflatoxin B1 on Tumor-Related Genes and Phenotypic Characters of MCF7 and MCF10A Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911856. [PMID: 36233156 PMCID: PMC9570345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal toxin aflatoxin B1 (AB1) and its reactive intermediate, aflatoxin B1-8, 9 epoxide, could cause liver cancer by inducing DNA adducts. AB1 exposure can induce changes in the expression of several cancer-related genes. In this study, the effect of AB1 exposure on breast cancer MCF7 and normal breast MCF10A cell lines at the phenotypic and epigenetic levels was investigated to evaluate its potential in increasing the risk of breast cancer development. We hypothesized that, even at low concentrations, AB1 can cause changes in the expression of important genes involved in four pathways, i.e., p53, cancer, cell cycle, and apoptosis. The transcriptomic levels of BRCA1, BRCA2, p53, HER1, HER2, cMyc, BCL2, MCL1, CCND1, WNT3A, MAPK1, MAPK3, DAPK1, Casp8, and Casp9 were determined in MCF7 and MCF10A cells. Our results illustrate that treating both cells with AB1 induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis with reduction in cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, AB1 reduced reactive oxygen species levels. Phenotypically, AB1 caused cell-cycle arrest at G1, hypertrophy, and increased cell migration rates. There were changes in the expression levels of several tumor-related genes, which are known to contribute to activating cancer pathways. The effects of AB1 on the phenotype and epigenetics of both MCF7 and MCF10A cells associated with cancer development observed in this study suggest that AB1 is a potential risk factor for developing breast cancer.
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Vaghari-Tabari M, Hassanpour P, Sadeghsoltani F, Malakoti F, Alemi F, Qujeq D, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing: a new approach for overcoming drug resistance in cancer. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:49. [PMID: 35715750 PMCID: PMC9204876 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system is an RNA-based adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea. Various studies have shown that it is possible to target a wide range of human genes and treat some human diseases, including cancers, by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. In fact, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is one of the most efficient genome manipulation techniques. Studies have shown that CRISPR/Cas9 technology, in addition to having the potential to be used as a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of cancers, can also be used to enhance the effectiveness of existing treatments. Undoubtedly, the issue of drug resistance is one of the main obstacles in the treatment of cancers. Cancer cells resist anticancer drugs by a variety of mechanisms, such as enhancing anticancer drugs efflux, enhancing DNA repair, enhancing stemness, and attenuating apoptosis. Mutations in some proteins of different cellular signaling pathways are associated with these events and drug resistance. Recent studies have shown that the CRISPR/Cas9 technique can be used to target important genes involved in these mechanisms, thereby increasing the effectiveness of anticancer drugs. In this review article, studies related to the applications of this technique in overcoming drug resistance in cancer cells will be reviewed. In addition, we will give a brief overview of the limitations of the CRISP/Cas9 gene-editing technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Hassanpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghsoltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Malakoti
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Wang X, Cao X, Wu Y, Chen T. MAP7 promotes proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells and reduces the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to paclitaxel. J Chemother 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35657774 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2022.2082349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common malignancy that severely threatens women's mental health and lives. The paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells were established through a continuous stimulation with paclitaxel in a stepwise escalating concentration manner. The expression of MAP7 was detected by RT-P CR and western blot. The annexin V staining assay was used to measure the cell apoptosis ratio. The expression of cell invasive ability and apoptosis-related proteins was detected by western blot assay. The cellular motility was tested via transwell and wound healing assays. This study indicated that the MAP7 expression was upregulated in breast cancer cells and paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells. Moreover, downregulating MAP7 not only suppressed cell viability, motility and invasion, but also enhanced cellular apoptosis in paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells. In summary, this study investigated the effect of MAP7 protein on cell critical physiological function, which provided a novel potential target for treating paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rui'an People's Hospital and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an, China
| | - Xuezhen Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rui'an People's Hospital and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an, China
| | - Youyi Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rui'an People's Hospital and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rui'an People's Hospital and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an, China
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Acquisition of paclitaxel resistance modulates the biological traits of gastric cancer AGS cells and facilitates epithelial to mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:515-533. [PMID: 35122114 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to develop a paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant gastric cancer AGS cells (AGS-R) and evaluate the mechanisms of drug resistance. METHODS AGS cells were successively treated with increasing PTX concentrations. Cross-resistance of established AGS-R, the molecular patterns of cell survival, evasion of apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the angiogenic potential were evaluated. RESULTS AGS-R was induced within six months of PTX exposure. Extension of the treatment resulted in PTX-resistance beyond clinical levels. The established AGS-R showed resistance to vincristine and doxorubicin but not cisplatin. Upon induction of resistance, the expressions of MDR-1 (P < 0.001) and MRP-1 (P < 0.01) genes and proteins significantly increased. AGS-R cells had elevated levels of BCL-2, pro-CASP3, cleaved-NOTCH1, HES1, HEY1, NF-κB, PI3K, p-AKT, HIF-1α, Cyclin A, and B1 as compared with parental cells (at least P < 0.01). The protein levels of BAX, CASP3, P53, and P21 (at least P < 0.01) as well as intracellular ROS (P < 0.001) were reduced in AGS-R. A relative arrest at the G2/M phase (15.8 ± 0.75 vs. 26.7 ± 1.67) of the cell cycle and enrichment of AGS-R cells for CD44 marker (9 ± 0.6 vs. 1 ± 0.8) (P < 0.001) were detected by flow cytometry. While the E-cadherin expression was reduced (P < 0.001), the protein levels of Vimentin, N-cadherin, SLUG, and SNAIL were increased (at least P < 0.05). The angiogenic activity and release of VEGF and MMP2/9 were increased in AGS-R cells relative to the AGS line (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION AGS-R cells could bypass chemotherapy stress by expressing the genes coding for efflux pumps and altering some key signaling in favor of survival, EMT, and angiogenesis.
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Lee HJ, Choi CH. Characterization of SN38-resistant T47D breast cancer cell sublines overexpressing BCRP, MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, and MRP4. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:446. [PMID: 35461219 PMCID: PMC9035251 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although several novel resistant breast cancer cell lines have been established, only a few resistant breast cancer cell lines overexpress breast cancer resistance proteins (BCRP). The aim of this study was to establish new resistant breast cancer cell lines overexpressing BCRP using SN38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin), an active metabolite of irinotecan and was to discover genes and mechanisms associated with multidrug resistance. Methods SN38-resistant T47D breast cancer cell sublines were selected from the wild-type T47D cells by gradually increasing SN38 concentration. The sensitivity of the cells to anti-cancer drugs was assessed by 3-(4,5-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Expression profiles of the resistance-related transporters were examined using RT-qPCR, and western blot analysis. Intracellular fluorescent dye accumulation in the resistant cells was determined using flow cytometry. Results The SN38-resistant T47D breast cancer cell sublines T47D/SN120 and T47D/SN150 were established after long-term exposure (more than 16 months) of wild-type T47D cells to 120 nM and 150 nM SN38, respectively. T47D/SN120 and T47D/SN150 cells were more resistant to SN38 (14.5 and 59.1 times, respectively), irinotecan (1.5 and 3.7 times, respectively), and topotecan (4.9 and 12 times, respectively), than the wild-type parental cells. Both T47D/SN120 and T47D/SN150 sublines were cross-resistant to various anti-cancer drugs. These resistant sublines overexpressed mRNAs of MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, MRP4, and BCRP. The DNA methylase inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A increased the expression levels of BCRP, MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, and MRP4 transcripts in T47D/WT cells. Fluorescent dye accumulation was found to be lower in T47D/SN120 and T47D/SN150 cells, compared to that in T47D/WT cells. However, treatment with known chemosensitizers increased the intracellular fluorescent dye accumulation and sensitivity of anti-tumor agents. Conclusion T47D/SN120 and T47D/SN150 cells overexpressed MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, MRP4, and BCRP, which might be due to the suppression of epigenetic gene silencing via DNA hypermethylation and histone deacetylation. Although these resistant cells present a higher resistance to various anti-cancer drugs than their parental wild-type cells, multidrug resistance was overcome by treatment with chemosensitizers. These SN38 resistant T47D breast cancer cell sublines expressing resistance proteins can be useful for the development of new chemosensitizers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09446-y.
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Choi H, Cao J, Qiao H, Chen IW, Zhou R. Improving Cancer Detection and Treatment by pH‐Sensitive Peptide Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Platform: Pharmacokinetics, Toxicity, and Immunogenicity Profile. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Choi
- Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Jianbo Cao
- Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Hui Qiao
- Department of Pathology Children‘s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - I-Wei Chen
- Department of Material Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
- Abramson Cancer Center University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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Nunes M, Silva PMA, Coelho R, Pinto C, Resende A, Bousbaa H, Almeida GM, Ricardo S. Generation of Two Paclitaxel-Resistant High-Grade Serous Carcinoma Cell Lines With Increased Expression of P-Glycoprotein. Front Oncol 2021; 11:752127. [PMID: 34745981 PMCID: PMC8566917 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.752127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Debulking surgery followed by chemotherapy are the standard of care for high-grade serous carcinoma. After an initial good response to treatment, the majority of patients relapse with a chemoresistant profile, leading to a poor overall survival. Chemotherapy regimens used in high-grade serous carcinomas are based in a combination of classical chemotherapeutic drugs, namely, Carboplatin and Paclitaxel. The mechanisms underlying drug resistance and new drug discovery are crucial to improve patients’ survival. To uncover the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance and test drugs capable of overcoming this resistant profile, it is fundamental to use good cellular models capable of mimicking the chemoresistant disease. Herein, we established two high-grade serous carcinoma cell lines with intrinsic resistance to Carboplatin and induced Paclitaxel resistance (OVCAR8 PTX R C and OVCAR8 PTX R P) derived from the OVCAR8 cell line. These two chemoresistant cell line variants acquired an enhanced resistance to Paclitaxel-induced cell death by increasing the drug efflux capacity, and this resistance was stable in long-term culture and following freeze/thaw cycles. The mechanism underlying Paclitaxel resistance resides in a significant increase in P-glycoprotein expression and, when this drug efflux pump was blocked with Verapamil, cells re-acquired Paclitaxel sensitivity. We generated two high-grade serous carcinoma cell lines, with a double-chemoresistant (Carboplatin and Paclitaxel) phenotype that mimics the majority of tumor recurrences in ovarian cancer context. This robust tool is suitable for preliminary drug testing towards the development of therapeutic strategies to overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nunes
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) of the University of Porto/Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia M A Silva
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Gandra, Portugal.,TOXRUN, Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Coelho
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carla Pinto
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Gandra, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Albina Resende
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Gandra, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Gandra, Portugal
| | - Gabriela M Almeida
- Expression Regulation in Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) of the University of Porto/Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine from University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Ricardo
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) of the University of Porto/Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal.,TOXRUN, Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (CESPU), Gandra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine from University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
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Liu M, Li Q, Zhao N. Identification of a prognostic chemoresistance-related gene signature associated with immune microenvironment in breast cancer. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8419-8434. [PMID: 34661511 PMCID: PMC8806919 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1977768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women globally, and chemoresistance is a major challenge to disease treatment that is associated with a poor prognosis. This study was formulated to identify a reliable prognostic biosignature capable of predicting the survival of patients with chemoresistant breast cancer (CRBC) and evaluating the associated tumor immune microenvironment. Through a series of protein-protein interaction and weighted correlation network analyses, genes that were significantly associated with breast cancer chemoresistance were identified. Moreover, univariate Cox regression and lasso-penalized Cox regression analyses were employed to generate a prognostic model, and the prognostic utility of this model was then assessed using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Finally, The CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms were additionally leveraged to assess relationships between the tumor immune microenvironment and patient prognostic signatures. Overall, a multigenic prognostic biosignature capable of predicting CRBC patient risk was successfully developed based on bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments. This biosignature was able to stratify CRBC patients into high- and low-risk subgroups. ROC curves also revealed that this biosignature achieved high diagnostic efficiency, and multivariate regression analyses indicated that this risk signature was an independent risk factor linked to CRBC patient outcomes. In addition, this signature was associated with the infiltration of the tumor microenvironment by multiple immune cell types. In conclusion, the chemoresistance-associated prognostic gene signature developed herein was able to effectively evaluate the prognosis of CRBC patients and to reflect the overall composition of the tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhou Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiaoyan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ningmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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12
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Wang S, Chen J, Li H, Qi X, Liu X, Guo X. Metabolomic Detection Between Pancreatic Cancer and Liver Metastasis Nude Mouse Models Constructed by Using the PANC1-KAI1/CD 82 Cell Line. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211045204. [PMID: 34605330 PMCID: PMC8493323 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211045204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis and is prone to liver metastasis. The KAI1/CD82 gene inhibits PC metastasis. This study aimed to explore differential metabolites and enrich the pathways in serum samples between PC and liver metastasis nude mouse models stably expressing KAI1/CD82. Methods: KAI1/CD82-PLV-EF1α-MCS-IRES-Puro vector and PANC1 cell line stably expressing KAI1/CD82 were constructed for the first time. This cell line was used to construct 3 PC nude mouse models and 3 liver metastasis nude mouse models. The different metabolites and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) and human metabolome database (HMDB) enrichment pathways were analyzed using the serum samples of the 2 groups of nude mouse models on the basis of untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry platform. Results: KAI1/CD82-PLV-EF1α-MCS-IRES-Puro vector and PANC1 cell line stably expressing KAI1/CD82 were constructed successfully, and all nude mouse models survived and developed cancers. Among the 1233 metabolites detected, 18 metabolites (9 upregulated and 9 downregulated) showed differences. In agreement with the literature data, the most significant differences between both groups were found in the levels of bile acids (taurocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid), glycine, prostaglandin E2, vitamin D, guanosine monophosphate, and inosine. Bile recreation, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and purine metabolism KEGG pathways and a series of HMDB pathways (P < .05) contained differential metabolites that may be associated with liver metastasis from PC. However, the importance of these metabolites on PC liver metastases remains to be elucidated. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that the metabolomic approach may be a useful method to detect potential biomarkers in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Chen
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Li
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Xingshun Qi
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Xu Liu
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhong Guo
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
- Xiaozhong Guo, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of China Medical University, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110840 Liaoning Province, China.
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13
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Varghese E, Samuel SM, Líšková A, Samec M, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Targeting Glucose Metabolism to Overcome Resistance to Anticancer Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2252. [PMID: 32806533 PMCID: PMC7464784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in women. BC is heterogeneous, with distinct phenotypical and morphological characteristics. These are based on their gene expression profiles, which divide BC into different subtypes, among which the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype is the most aggressive one. The growing interest in tumor metabolism emphasizes the role of altered glucose metabolism in driving cancer progression, response to cancer treatment, and its distinct role in therapy resistance. Alterations in glucose metabolism are characterized by increased uptake of glucose, hyperactivated glycolysis, decreased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) component, and the accumulation of lactate. These deviations are attributed to the upregulation of key glycolytic enzymes and transporters of the glucose metabolic pathway. Key glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and enolase are upregulated, thereby conferring resistance towards drugs such as cisplatin, paclitaxel, tamoxifen, and doxorubicin. Besides, drug efflux and detoxification are two energy-dependent mechanisms contributing to resistance. The emergence of resistance to chemotherapy can occur at an early or later stage of the treatment, thus limiting the success and outcome of the therapy. Therefore, understanding the aberrant glucose metabolism in tumors and its link in conferring therapy resistance is essential. Using combinatory treatment with metabolic inhibitors, for example, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and metformin, showed promising results in countering therapy resistance. Newer drug designs such as drugs conjugated to sugars or peptides that utilize the enhanced expression of tumor cell glucose transporters offer selective and efficient drug delivery to cancer cells with less toxicity to healthy cells. Last but not least, naturally occurring compounds of plants defined as phytochemicals manifest a promising approach for the eradication of cancer cells via suppression of essential enzymes or other compartments associated with glycolysis. Their benefits for human health open new opportunities in therapeutic intervention, either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. Importantly, phytochemicals as efficacious instruments of anticancer therapy can suppress events leading to chemoresistance of cancer cells. Here, we review the current knowledge of altered glucose metabolism in contributing to resistance to classical anticancer drugs in BC treatment and various ways to target the aberrant metabolism that will serve as a promising strategy for chemosensitizing tumors and overcoming resistance in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Alena Líšková
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
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14
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Liu J, Li J, Chen H, Wang R, Li P, Miao Y, Liu P. Metformin suppresses proliferation and invasion of drug-resistant breast cancer cells by activation of the Hippo pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5786-5796. [PMID: 32281270 PMCID: PMC7214175 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance limits the clinical efficacy of breast cancer therapies, and overexpression or activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) is common in drug-resistant cancer cells. Thus, inhibition of YAP may reduce resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Metformin (MET), a first-line diabetes medication that also has anti-tumour activities, induces AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), directly phosphorylates YAP and inhibits YAP transcriptional activity. In this study, we determined the effect of MET on the proliferation and invasion of drug-resistant breast cancer cells and then investigated the underlying molecular mechanism. Our in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that MET suppressed breast cancer by an AMPK-independent pathway to decrease YAP nuclear localization. In drug-sensitive cells, MET activated the Hippo pathway by increasing KIBRA and FRMD6 expression, but this did not occur in drug-resistant cells. Scribble (SCRIB), a cell polarity protein, was notably down-regulated in tamoxifen- and paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells relative to sensitive cells. We also found that MET suppressed the proliferation and invasion of drug-resistant breast cancer cells by increasing the expression and cell membrane localization of SCRIB, which enhanced the interaction of SCRIB with MST1 and LATS1, and inhibited YAP nuclear localization and transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - He Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pingping Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Miao
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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15
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Liu L, Meng T, Zheng X, Liu Y, Hao R, Yan Y, Chen S, You H, Xing J, Dong Y. Transgelin 2 Promotes Paclitaxel Resistance, Migration, and Invasion of Breast Cancer by Directly Interacting with PTEN and Activating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Pathway. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2457-2468. [PMID: 31488699 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leichao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi';an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ti Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi';an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi';an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ruifang Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi';an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi';an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- School of pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Siying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi';an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Haisheng You
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi';an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Xing
- School of pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Yalin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi';an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
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16
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Differentially Expressed Mitochondrial Proteins in Human MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells Resistant to Paclitaxel. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122986. [PMID: 31248089 PMCID: PMC6628585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of novel proteins with changed expression in resistant cancer cells could be helpful in elucidation mechanisms involved in the development of acquired resistance to paclitaxel. In this study, we carried out a 2D-PAGE using the mitochondrial-enriched fraction from paclitaxel-resistant MCF7/PacR cells compared to original paclitaxel-sensitive MCF7 breast cancer cells. Differentially expressed proteins were identified employing mass spectrometry. We found that lysosomal cathepsin D and mitochondrial abhydrolase-domain containing protein 11 (ABHD11) had decreased expression in MCF7/PacR cells. On the other hand, mitochondrial carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) and ATPase family AAA-domain containing protein 3A and 3B (ATAD3A, ATAD3B) were overexpressed in MCF7/PacR cells. Further, we showed that there was no difference in localization of CPS1 in MCF7 and MCF7/PacR cells. We demonstrated a significant increase in the number of CPS1 positive MCF7/PacR cells, using FACS analysis, compared to the number of CPS1 positive MCF7 cells. Silencing of CPS1 expression by specific siRNA had no significant effect on the resistance of MCF7/PacR cells to paclitaxel. To summarize, we identified several novel proteins of a mitochondrial fraction whose role in acquired resistance to paclitaxel in breast cancer cells should be further assessed.
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17
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Varamo C, Peraldo-Neia C, Ostano P, Basiricò M, Raggi C, Bernabei P, Venesio T, Berrino E, Aglietta M, Leone F, Cavalloni G. Establishment and Characterization of a New Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Line Resistant to Gemcitabine. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040519. [PMID: 30979003 PMCID: PMC6520787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is one of the most lethal liver cancers. Late diagnosis and chemotherapy resistance contribute to the scarce outfit and poor survival. Resistance mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we established a Gemcitabine (GEM) resistant model, the MT-CHC01R1.5 cell line, obtained by a GEM gradual exposure (up to 1.5 µM) of the sensitive counterpart, MT-CHC01. GEM resistance was irreversible, even at high doses. The in vitro and in vivo growth was slower than MT-CHC01, and no differences were highlighted in terms of migration and invasion. Drug prediction analysis suggested that Paclitaxel and Doxycycline might overcome GEM resistance. Indeed, in vitro MT-CHC01R1.5 growth was reduced by Paclitaxel and Doxycycline. Importantly, Doxycycline pretreatment at very low doses restored GEM sensitivity. To assess molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of GEM resistance, a detailed analysis of the transcriptome in MT-CHC01R1.5 cells versus the corresponding parental counterpart was performed. Transcriptomic analysis showed that most up-regulated genes were involved in cell cycle regulation and in the DNA related process, while most down-regulated genes were involved in the response to stimuli, xenobiotic metabolism, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, additional panels of drug resistance and epithelial to mesenchymal transition genes (n = 168) were tested by qRT-PCR and the expression of 20 genes was affected. Next, based on a comparison between qRT-PCR and microarray data, a list of up-regulated genes in MT-CHC01R1.5 was selected and further confirmed in a primary cell culture obtained from an ICC patient resistant to GEM. In conclusion, we characterized a new GEM resistance ICC model that could be exploited either to study alternative mechanisms of resistance or to explore new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Varamo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10100 Torino, Italy.
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, B3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900 Biella, Italy.
| | - Marco Basiricò
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy.
- Dept. Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Firenze, 50100 Florence, Italy.
| | - Paola Bernabei
- Flow Cytometry Center, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Venesio
- Molecular Pathology Lab, Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | - Enrico Berrino
- Molecular Pathology Lab, Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10100 Torino, Italy.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | - Francesco Leone
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10100 Torino, Italy.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Cavalloni
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
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18
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Exploring immuno-regulatory mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment: Model and design of protocols for cancer remission. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203030. [PMID: 30183728 PMCID: PMC6124765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment comprising of the immune cells and cytokines acts as the ‘soil’ that nourishes a developing tumor. Lack of a comprehensive study of the interactions of this tumor microenvironment with the heterogeneous sub-population of tumor cells that arise from the differentiation of Cancer Stem Cells (CSC), i.e. the ‘seed’, has limited our understanding of the development of drug resistance and treatment failures in Cancer. Based on this seed and soil hypothesis, for the very first time, we have captured the concept of CSC differentiation and tumor-immune interaction into a generic model that has been validated with known experimental data. Using this model we report that as the CSC differentiation shifts from symmetric to asymmetric pattern, resistant cancer cells start accumulating in the tumor that makes it refractory to therapeutic interventions. Model analyses unveiled the presence of feedback loops that establish the dual role of M2 macrophages in regulating tumor proliferation. The study further revealed oscillations in the tumor sub-populations in the presence of TH1 derived IFN-γ that eliminates CSC; and the role of IL10 feedback in the regulation of TH1/TH2 ratio. These analyses expose important observations that are indicative of Cancer prognosis. Further, the model has been used for testing known treatment protocols to explore the reasons of failure of conventional treatment strategies and propose an improvised protocol that shows promising results in suppressing the proliferation of all the cellular sub-populations of the tumor and restoring a healthy TH1/TH2 ratio that assures better Cancer remission.
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19
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Galectin-1 knockdown improves drug sensitivity of breast cancer by reducing P-glycoprotein expression through inhibiting the Raf-1/AP-1 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25097-25106. [PMID: 28212576 PMCID: PMC5421912 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of the galectin family of carbohydrate binding proteins, plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes of tumorigenesis. The regulatory effect of Gal-1 on multidrug resistance (MDR) breast cancer cells is still unclear. qRT-PCR and western blot showed that Gal-1 and MDR gene 1 (MDR1) were both highly expressed in breast tumor tissues and cell lines. MTT assay and flow cytometry revealed that Gal-1 knockdown improved sensitivity to paclitaxel (PTX) and adriamycin (ADR) in MCF-7/PTX and MCF-7/ADR cells via inhibition of cell viability and promotion of cell apoptosis, while MDR1 overexpression weakened the sensitivity to PTX and ADR induced by Gal-1 knockdown. Furthermore, the negative effects of Gal-1 knockdown on sensitivity to PTX and ADR in MCF-7/PTX and MCF-7/ADR cells were revealed to be mediated via the suppression of Raf-1/AP-1 pathway. In conclusion, Gal-1 knockdown dramatically improved drug sensitivity of breast cancer by reducing P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression via inhibiting the Raf-1/AP-1 pathway, providing a novel therapeutic target to overcome MDR in breast cancer.
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20
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Mohammad IS, He W, Yin L. A Smart Paclitaxel-Disulfiram Nanococrystals for Efficient MDR Reversal and Enhanced Apoptosis. Pharm Res 2018; 35:77. [PMID: 29488114 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A multidrug resistance (MDR) modulator, disulfiram (DSF), was incorporated into pure paclitaxel (PTX) nanoparticles to construct a smart paclitaxel-disulfiram nanococrystals (PTX-DSF Ns) stabilized by β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), with the aim to reverse MDR and therefore enhnce cytotoxicity towards Taxol-resistant A549 cells (A549/TAX). METHOD PTX-DSF Ns was prepared by antisolvent precipitation method. Flow cytometry was used to determine the cell uptake, drug efflux inhibition, cell cycle phase arrest and apoptosis. MDR-1 gene expression level was detected by real time quantitative PCR and gel electrophoresis. RESULTS PTX-DSF Ns prepared from the optimized formulation had an optimum diameter of 160 nm, was stable and had a high drug-loading capacity. Importantly, the uptake of PTX-DSF Ns in A549/TAX cells was 14-fold greater than the uptake of PTX Ns. Furthermore, PTX-DSF Ns promoted 5-folds increase in apoptosis, enabled 7-folds reduction in the IC50, and rendered 8.9-fold decrease in the dose compared with free PTX. CONCLUSION PTX-DSF Ns with a precise mass ratio offer efficient cytotoxicity against Taxol-resistant cells and a novel approach for codelivery and sensitizing MDR cancer to chemotherapy. In addition, the use of nanosuspensions as a combined treatment provides a new research avenue for nanosuspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Shair Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lifang Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Yang M, Li Y, Shen X, Ruan Y, Lu Y, Jin X, Song P, Guo Y, Zhang X, Qu H, Shao Y, Quan C. CLDN6 promotes chemoresistance through GSTP1 in human breast cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:157. [PMID: 29116019 PMCID: PMC5678781 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Claudin-6 (CLDN6), a member of CLDN family and a key component of tight junction, has been reported to function as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. However, whether CLDN6 plays any role in breast cancer chemoresistance remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of CLDN6 in the acquisition of chemoresistance in breast cancer cells. METHODS We manipulated the expression of CLDN6 in MCF-7 and MCF-7/MDR cells with lv-CLDN6 and CLDN6-shRNA and investigated whether CLDN6 manipulation lead to different susceptibilities to several chemotherapeutic agents in these cells. The cytotoxicity of adriamycin (ADM), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and cisplatin (DDP) was tested by cck-8 assay. Cell death was determined by DAPI nuclear staining. The enzyme activity of glutanthione S-transferase-p1 (GSTP1) was detected by a GST activity kit. Then lv-GSTP1 and GSTP1-shRNA plasmids were constructed to investigate the potential of GSTP1 in regulating chemoresistance of breast cancer. The TP53-shRNA was adopted to explore the regulation mechanism of GSTP1. Finally, immunohistochemistry was used to explore the relationship between CLDN6 and GSTP1 expression in breast cancer tissues. RESULTS Silencing CLDN6 increased the cytotoxicity of ADM, 5-FU, and DDP in MCF-7/MDR cells. Whereas overexpression of CLDN6 in MCF-7, the parental cell line of MCF-7/MDR expressing low level of CLDN6, increased the resistance to the above drugs. GSTP1 was upregulated in CLDN6-overexpressed MCF-7 cells. RNAi -mediated silencing of CLDN6 downregulated both GSTP1 expression and GST enzyme activity in MCF-7/MDR cells. Overexpresssion of GSTP1 in CLDN6 silenced MCF-7/MDR cells restored chemoresistance, whereas silencing GSTP1 reduced the chemoresistance due to ectopic overexpressed of CLDN6 in MCF-7 cells. These observations were also repeated in TNBC cells Hs578t. We further confirmed that CLDN6 interacted with p53 and promoted translocation of p53 from nucleus to cytoplasm, and both the expression and enzyme activity of GSTP1 were regulated by p53. Clinicopathologic analysis revealed that GSTP1 expression was positively associated with CLDN6 in human breast cancer samples. CONCLUSION High expression of CLDN6 confers chemoresistance on breast cancer which is mediated by GSTP1, the activity of which is regulated by p53. Our findings provide a new insight into mechanisms and strategies to overcome chemoresistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minlan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanru Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Ruan
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangshu Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiye Song
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yantong Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huinan Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijia Shao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengshi Quan
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin, 310021, People's Republic of China.
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Wei Y, Pu X, Zhao L. Preclinical studies for the combination of paclitaxel and curcumin in cancer therapy (Review). Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3159-3166. [PMID: 28440434 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death and remains the first in China and the second in the US. The common treatments for cancer include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, while chemotherapy remains one of the most important treatments. However, the efficacy of chemotherapy is limited due to drug induced-toxicities and resistance, particularly multiple drug resistance (MDR). Therefore, discovery and development of novel therapeutic drugs and/or combination therapy are urgently needed to reduce toxicity and improve efficacy. Paclitaxel has been widely used to treat various cancers including cervical, breast, ovarian, brain, bladder, prostate, liver and lung cancers. However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited and MDR is a major obstacle. Recently, numerous preclinical studies have shown that the combination of paclitaxel and curcumin may be an ideal strategy to reverse MDR and synergistically improve their therapeutic efficacy in cancer therapy. This review mainly focuses on the current development and progress of the combination of paclitaxel and curcumin in cancer therapy preclinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, P.R. China
| | - Xinlin Pu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, P.R. China
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Zheng X, Wang C, Xing Y, Chen S, Meng T, You H, Ojima I, Dong Y. SB-T-121205, a next-generation taxane, enhances apoptosis and inhibits migration/invasion in MCF-7/PTX cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:893-902. [PMID: 28197640 PMCID: PMC5358697 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women. Paclitaxel, a mitotic inhibitor, is highly effective in the treatment of breast cancer. However, development of resistance to paclitaxel limits its clinical use. Identifying new compounds and new strategies that are effective against breast cancer, in particular drug-resistant cancer, is of great importance. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential of a next-generation taxoid, SB-T-121205, in modulating the proliferation, migration and invasion of paclitaxel-resistant human breast cancer cells (MCF-7/PTX) and further evaluate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results of MTT assay showed that SB-T-121205 has much higher potency to human breast cancer cells (MCF-7/S, MCF-7/PTX and MDA-MB-453 cells) than paclitaxel, while that the non-tumorigenic human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were slightly less sensitive to SB-T-121205 than paclitaxel. Flow cytometry and western blot methods revealed that SB-T-121205 induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis in MCF-7/PTX cells through accelerating mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, resulting in reduction of Bcl-2/Bax ratio, as well as elevation of caspase-3, caspase-9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) levels. Moreover, SB-T-121205 changed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) property, and suppressed migration and invasion abilities of MCF-7/PTX cells. Additionally, SB-T-121205 exerted antitumor activity by inhibiting the transgelin 2 and PI3K/Akt pathway. These findings indicate that SB-T-121205 is a potent antitumor agent that promotes apoptosis and also recedes migration/invasion abilities of MCF-7/PTX cells by restraining the activity of transgelin 2 and PI3K/Akt, as well as mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Such results suggest a potential clinical value of SB-T-121205 in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University - State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Yuanming Xing
- Hou Zonglian Medical Experimental Class of 2014, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Siying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ti Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Haisheng You
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Iwao Ojima
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University - State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Yalin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Zhang W, Zheng X, Meng T, You H, Dong Y, Xing J, Chen S. SET protein overexpression contributes to paclitaxel resistance in MCF-7/S cells through PI3K/Akt pathway. J Drug Target 2016; 25:255-263. [PMID: 27718638 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2016.1245307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, PR China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Eighth Hospital of Xi’an, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Ti Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Haisheng You
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Yalin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Siying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, PR China
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25
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Němcová-Fürstová V, Kopperová D, Balušíková K, Ehrlichová M, Brynychová V, Václavíková R, Daniel P, Souček P, Kovář J. Characterization of acquired paclitaxel resistance of breast cancer cells and involvement of ABC transporters. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 310:215-228. [PMID: 27664577 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Development of taxane resistance has become clinically very important issue. The molecular mechanisms underlying the resistance are still unclear. To address this issue, we established paclitaxel-resistant sublines of the SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines that are capable of long-term proliferation in 100nM and 300nM paclitaxel, respectively. Application of these concentrations leads to cell death in the original counterpart cells. Both sublines are cross-resistant to doxorubicin, indicating the presence of the MDR phenotype. Interestingly, resistance in both paclitaxel-resistant sublines is circumvented by the second-generation taxane SB-T-1216. Moreover, we demonstrated that it was not possible to establish sublines of SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 cells resistant to this taxane. It means that at least the tested breast cancer cells are unable to develop resistance to some taxanes. Employing mRNA expression profiling of all known human ABC transporters and subsequent Western blot analysis of the expression of selected transporters, we demonstrated that only the ABCB1/PgP and ABCC3/MRP3 proteins were up-regulated in both paclitaxel-resistant sublines. We found up-regulation of ABCG2/BCRP and ABCC4 proteins only in paclitaxel-resistant SK-BR-3 cells. In paclitaxel-resistant MCF-7 cells, ABCB4/MDR3 and ABCC2/MRP2 proteins were up-regulated. Silencing of ABCB1 expression using specific siRNA increased significantly, but did not completely restore full sensitivity to both paclitaxel and doxorubicin. Thus we showed a key, but not exclusive, role for ABCB1 in mechanisms of paclitaxel resistance. It suggests the involvement of multiple mechanisms in paclitaxel resistance in tested breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlasta Němcová-Fürstová
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Dana Kopperová
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Balušíková
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ehrlichová
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Brynychová
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Václavíková
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Daniel
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Souček
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kovář
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Zheng X, Chen S, Yang Q, Cai J, Zhang W, You H, Xing J, Dong Y. Salvianolic acid A reverses the paclitaxel resistance and inhibits the migration and invasion abilities of human breast cancer cells by inactivating transgelin 2. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 16:1407-14. [PMID: 26176734 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1070990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance and tumor migration and invasion are the major obstacles to effective breast cancer chemotherapy, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the potential of transgelin 2 and salvianolic acid A to modulate the resistance and the migration and invasion abilities of paclitaxel-resistant human breast cancer cells (MCF-7/PTX). MCF-7/PTX cells were found to exhibit not only a high degree of resistance to paclitaxel, but also strong migration and invasion abilities. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of TAGLN2 sensitized the MCF-7/PTX cells to paclitaxel, and inhibited their migration and invasion abilities. In addition, we also observed that combined salvianolic acid A and paclitaxel treatment could reverse paclitaxel resistance, markedly inhibit tumor migration and invasion, and suppress the expression of transgelin 2 in MCF-7/PTX cells. These findings indicate that salvianolic acid A can reverse the paclitaxel resistance and inhibit the migration and invasion abilities of human breast cancer cells by down-regulating the expression of transgelin 2, and hence could be useful in breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zheng
- a Department of Pharmacy ; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University ; Xi'an , Shaanxi , PR China
| | - Siying Chen
- a Department of Pharmacy ; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University ; Xi'an , Shaanxi , PR China
| | - Qianting Yang
- a Department of Pharmacy ; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University ; Xi'an , Shaanxi , PR China
| | - Jiangxia Cai
- b Department of Pharmacy ; The People's Hospital of Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture ; Korla , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Weipeng Zhang
- a Department of Pharmacy ; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University ; Xi'an , Shaanxi , PR China
| | - Haisheng You
- a Department of Pharmacy ; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University ; Xi'an , Shaanxi , PR China
| | - Jianfeng Xing
- c School of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University ; Xi'an , Shaanxi , PR China
| | - Yalin Dong
- a Department of Pharmacy ; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University ; Xi'an , Shaanxi , PR China
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27
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Hurdles in selection process of nanodelivery systems for multidrug-resistant cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:2073-106. [PMID: 27116692 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most of the nanomedicines for treatment of multidrug-resistant cancer do not reach Phase III trials and many are terminated or withdrawn or are in an indeterminate state since long without any study results being presented. Extensive perusal of nanomedicine development research revealed that one of the critical aspects influencing clinical outcomes and which requires diligent scrutiny is selection process of nanodelivery system. METHODS Research papers and articles published on development of nanodelivery systems for treatment of multidrug-resistant cancer were analyzed. Observations and conclusions noted by these researchers which might shed some light on poor clinical performance of nanocarriers were collated and summarized under observation section. Further research articles were studied to find possible solutions which may be applied to these particular problems for resolving them. The inferences of these findings were composed in Result section. RESULT Plausible solutions for the observed obstacles were noted as examples of novel formulations that can yield the following: better in vivo imaging, precise targeting and dosing of a specific site and specific cell type in a particular cancer, modulation of tumor surroundings, intonation of systemic effects and high reproducibility. CONCLUSION The angle of approach to the development of best nanosystem for a specific type of tumor needs to be spun around. Some of these changes can be brought about by individual scientists, some need to be established by collated efforts of scientists globally and some await advent of better technologies. Regardless of the stratagem, it can be said decisively that the schematics of development phase need rethinking.
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28
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Evaluation of TPGS-modified thermo-sensitive Pluronic PF127 hydrogel as a potential carrier to reverse the resistance of P-gp-overexpressing SMMC-7721 cell lines. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 140:307-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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29
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Yang Q, Wang Y, Lu X, Zhao Z, Zhu L, Chen S, Wu Q, Chen C, Wang Z. MiR-125b regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition via targeting Sema4C in paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:3268-79. [PMID: 25605244 PMCID: PMC4413652 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNA) play a critical role in chemotherapy-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of chemotherapy-mediated EMT has not been fully understood. To address this concern, we explored the role of miR-125b in regulation of EMT in stable paclitaxel-resistant (PR) breast cancer cells, namely MCF-7 PR and SKBR3 PR, which have displayed mesenchymal features. Our results illustrated that miR-125b was significantly downregulated in PR cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of miR-125b by its mimics reversed the phenotype of EMT in PR cells. Furthermore, we found that miR-125b governed PR-mediate EMT partly due to governing its target Sema4C. More importantly, overexpression of miR-125b or depletion of Sema4C sensitized PR cells to paclitaxel. These findings suggest that up-regulation of miR-125b or targeting Sema4C could serve as novel approaches to reverse chemotherapy resistance in breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Zunlan Zhao
- Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Sulian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Changjie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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30
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Zhang W, Zheng X, Meng T, You H, Dong Y, Xing J, Chen S. HDACI regulates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to reverse MCF-7/PTX resistance by inhibiting SET. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06423j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of chemoresistance greatly restricts the efficacy of antitumor drugs, and so novel agents are urgently needed to abrogate resistant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- PR China
- Department of Pharmacy
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- PR China
| | - Ti Meng
- Department of Pharmacy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- PR China
| | - Haisheng You
- Department of Pharmacy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- PR China
| | - Yalin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- PR China
| | - Jianfeng Xing
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- PR China
| | - Siying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- PR China
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31
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Wattanawongdon W, Hahnvajanawong C, Namwat N, Kanchanawat S, Boonmars T, Jearanaikoon P, Leelayuwat C, Techasen A, Seubwai W. Establishment and characterization of gemcitabine-resistant human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines with multidrug resistance and enhanced invasiveness. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:398-410. [PMID: 25998688 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish and characterize the gemcitabine-resistant cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell lines, CCA KKU‑M139 and KKU‑M214 cell lines were exposed stepwisely to increasing gemcitabine (GEM). The resultant drug-resistant cell lines, KKU‑M139/GEM and KKU‑M214/GEM, retained the resistant phenotype in drug-free medium at least for 2 months. Sulforhodamine B assay demonstrated that KKU‑M139/GEM and KKU‑M214/GEM were 25.88- and 62.31-fold more resistant to gemcitabine than their parental cells. Both gemcitabine-resistant cell lines were cross-resistant to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), doxorubicin and paclitaxel indicating their multidrug-resistant nature. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR and western blot analyses, gemcitabine-resistant cells showed upregulation of RRM1 and downregulation of hENT1 and dCK. In relation to multidrug resistance, these cell lines showed upregulation of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) leading to an increase of drug efflux. Using cell adhesion and Boyden chamber transwell assays, these cell lines also showed higher cell adhesion, migration and invasion capabilities via the activations of protein kinase C (PKC), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Higher activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) was also observed by a gelatin zymography assay and a casein-plasminogen zymography assay. Flow cytometry analysis indicated the G2/M arrest regulated by downregulation of cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) resulted in an extended population doubling time. Using Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, evasion of apoptosis via an intrinsic pathway was observed in both cell lines in association with upregulation of Bcl-2 and downregulation of Bax. Interestingly, Fas was additionally downregulated in KKU‑M214/GEM supporting the view of its higher GEM resistant characteristics. These findings indicate that long-term exposure of CCA cell lines to gemcitabine induce not only multidrug resistance but also enhance their invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wareeporn Wattanawongdon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chariya Hahnvajanawong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sirimas Kanchanawat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thidarut Boonmars
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patcharee Jearanaikoon
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chanwit Leelayuwat
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wunchana Seubwai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Zhang W, Cai J, Chen S, Zheng X, Hu S, Dong W, Lu J, Xing J, Dong Y. Paclitaxel resistance in MCF-7/PTX cells is reversed by paeonol through suppression of the SET/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1506-14. [PMID: 25760096 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent types of malignant tumor. Paclitaxel is widely used in the treatment of breast cancer; however, the major problem contributing to the failure of chemotherapy in breast cancer is the development of drug resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel therapeutic targets and reversal agents for breast cancer. In the present study, the protein expression levels of SET, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway were determined in MCF-7/PTX human breast carcinoma paclitaxel-resistant cells using western blot analysis. Small interference RNAs (siRNAs) were used to knock down the gene expression of SET in MCF-7/PTX cells and the cell viability was assessed following treatment with paclitaxel, using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assays and flow cytometry. In addition, western blot analysis was used to determined PI3K/Akt pathway activity following SET knockdown. Furthermore, the reversal effects of paeonol on paclitaxel, and its underlying mechanisms of action, were investigated using western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that increased levels of SET and PI3K/Akt pathway proteins were present in the MCF-7/PTX cells, compared with normal MCF-7 cells. Knockdown of SET significantly sensitized MCF-7/PTX cells to paclitaxel and induced cell apoptosis. In addition, the expression levels of the adenosine triphosphate binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins were significantly reduced in the MCF-7/PTX cells compared with the normal MCF-7 cells. SET-induced paclitaxel resistance was found to be associated with the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Paeonol significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of SET in the MCF-7/PTX cells. Furthermore, paeonol significantly sensitized the MCF-7/PTX to paclitaxel via regulation of ABC transporters, B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein. In addition, paeonol inhibited SET-mediated paclitaxel resistance by attenuating PI3K/Akt pathway activity in the MCF-7/PTX cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that SET was associated with paclitaxel resistance in MCF-7/PTX cells, and that paeonol reversed paclitaxel resistance in MCF-7/PTX cells by downregulating the activity of the SET/PP2A/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jiangxia Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Siying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Sasa Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yalin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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33
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Asada H, Tomiyasu H, Goto-Koshino Y, Fujino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Evaluation of the drug sensitivity and expression of 16 drug resistance-related genes in canine histiocytic sarcoma cell lines. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:677-84. [PMID: 25715778 PMCID: PMC4488404 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive tumor type originating from histiocytic
cell lineages. This disease is characterized by poor response to chemotherapy and short
survival time. Therefore, it is of critical importance to identify and develop effective
antitumor drugs against HS. The objectives of this study were to examine the drug
sensitivities of 10 antitumor drugs. Using a real-time RT-PCR system, the mRNA expression
levels of 16 genes related to drug resistance in 4 canine HS cell lines established from
dogs with disseminated HS were determined and compared to 2 canine lymphoma cell lines
(B-cell and T-cell). These 4 canine HS cell lines showed sensitivities toward microtubule
inhibitors (vincristine, vinblastine and paclitaxel), comparable to those in the canine
B-cell lymphoma cell line. Moreover, it was shown that P-gp in the HS cell lines used in
this study did not have enough function to efflux its substrate. Sensitivities to
melphalan, nimustine, methotrexate, cytarabine, doxorubicin and etoposide were lower in
the 4 HS cell lines than in the 2 canine lymphoma cell lines. The data obtained in this
study using cultured cell lines could prove helpful in the developing of advanced and
effective chemotherapies for treating dogs that are suffering from HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Asada
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Yan F, Bai LP, Gao H, Zhu CM, Lin L, Kang XP. EGF reverses multi-drug resistance via the p-ERK pathway in HepG2/ADM and SMMC7721/ADM hepatocellular carcinoma models. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:2619-23. [PMID: 24761873 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.6.2619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate signaling pathways for reversal of EGF-mediated multi-drug resistance (MDR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) models. MATERIALS AND METHODS HCC MDR cell strain HepG2/adriamycin (ADM) and SMMC7721/ADM models were established using a method of exposure to medium with ADM between low and high concentration with gradually increasing concentration. Drug sensitivity and reversal of multi-drug resistance by EGF were determined and the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of ERK1, ERK2, ERK5 and expression of Bim were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS The results showed that HepG2/ADM and SMMC7721/ADM cells were resistant not only to ADM, but also to multiple anticancer drugs. When used alone, EGF had no anti-tumor activity in HepG2/ADM and SMMC7721/ADM cells in vitro, while it increased the cytotoxicity of ADM. EGF induced cell apoptosis and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in HepG2/ADM And SMMC7721/ADM cells, while enhancing activity of p-ERKs and up-regulated expression of BimEL. CONCLUSIONS EGF might enhance the chemosensitivity of HepG2/ADM and SMMC7721/ADM cells via up-regulating p-ERKs and BimEL protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University; Xiamen University Digestive Diseases Institute; Digestive Diseases Center of Xiamen City, Xiamen, China E-mail :
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Wang SM, Li XH, Xiu ZL. Over-Expression of Beclin-1 Facilitates Acquired Resistance to Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor-Induced Apoptosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:7913-7. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.18.7913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Felipe AV, Moraes AA, de Oliveira J, da Silva TD, Forones NM. Establishment and Partial Characterization of an Epirubicin-Resistant Gastric Cancer Cell Line with Upregulated ABCB1. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:6849-53. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.16.6849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Evodiamine synergizes with doxorubicin in the treatment of chemoresistant human breast cancer without inhibiting P-glycoprotein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97512. [PMID: 24830744 PMCID: PMC4022620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is one of the main hurdles for the successful treatment of breast cancer. The synchronous targeting of apoptosis resistance and survival signal transduction pathways may be a promising approach to overcome drug resistance. In this study, we determined that evodiamine (EVO), a major constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Evodiae Fructus, could induce apoptosis of doxorubicin (DOX)-sensitive MCF-7 and DOX-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells in a caspase-dependent manner, as confirmed by significant increases of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-7/9, and caspase activities. Notably, the reversed phenomenon of apoptosis resistance by EVO might be attributed to its ability to inhibit the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway and the expression of inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs). Furthermore, our results indicated that EVO enhanced the apoptotic action of DOX by inhibiting the Ras/MEK/ERK cascade and the expression of IAPs without inhibiting the expression and activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Taken together, our data indicate that EVO, a natural product, may be useful applied alone or in combination with DOX for the treatment of resistant breast cancer.
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Gao L, Liu G, Ma J, Wang X, Wang F, Wang H, Sun J. Paclitaxel nanosuspension coated with P-gp inhibitory surfactants: II. Ability to reverse the drug-resistance of H460 human lung cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 117:122-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Liu HS, Tan WB, Yang N, Yang YY, Cheng P, Liu LJ, Wang WJ, Zhu CL. Effects of Ribosomal Protein L39-L on the Drug Resistance Mechanisms of Lung Cancer A549 Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:3093-7. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.7.3093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Yang Q, Huang J, Wu Q, Cai Y, Zhu L, Lu X, Chen S, Chen C, Wang Z. Acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition is associated with Skp2 expression in paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1958-67. [PMID: 24642627 PMCID: PMC3992499 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common female malignant disease, and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is a pivotal reason that leads to worse treatment outcome of breast cancer. Therefore, it is urgent to elucidate the mechanism of drug resistance in breast cancer. Methods: To investigate the underlying molecular basis of the acquired resistant cells to paclitaxel in breast cancer, we used multiple methods including real-time RT–PCR, western blotting analysis, migration and invasion assays, wound healing assay, and transfection. Results: We found that epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in paclitaxel-resistant (PR) breast cancer cells. The resistant cells with EMT features exhibit increased migration and invasion activities. Mechanistically, high expression of Skp2 was found to be associated with EMT in PR cells. Notably, depletion of Skp2 in PR cells led to partial reversal of EMT phenotype. Conclusions: These findings suggest that Skp2 was critically involved in PR-mediated EMT. Skp2 could be a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - J Huang
- Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233000, China
| | - Q Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, China
| | - Y Cai
- Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233000, China
| | - L Zhu
- Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233000, China
| | - X Lu
- Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233000, China
| | - S Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - C Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Z Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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