1
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Bajhan E, Mansoori B, Mohammadi A, Shanehbandi D, Khaze Shahgoli V, Baghbani E, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Baradaran B. MicroRNA-143 inhibits proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1323-1329. [PMID: 32449873 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1769678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most prevalent types of malignancies in males. Here, we replaced the miRNA-143 in PC cells by using a vector-based miRNA-143 transfection approach.Materials and methods: The miRNA-143 vector was transfected into the cells and qRT-PCR was applied to assess the expression of target genes in PC3 cells. Also, the MTT, scratch wound-healing, and DAPI staining assays were done to assess the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of the cells, respectively.Results: The findings of the qRT-PCR determined the enhanced expression of miRNA-143 and other cancer-associated genes. The MTT and wound-healing assays revealed the proliferation and migration reduction in the transfected cells in comparison to control cells that contain an empty vector.Conclusion: The miRNA-143 has a significant impact on cell growth and migration during PC metastasis, and it may be a promising candidate for molecular therapies of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elshan Bajhan
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Elham Baghbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Combination therapy with miR-34a and doxorubicin synergistically induced apoptosis in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. Med Oncol 2021; 38:142. [PMID: 34655330 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are identified to take actively part in the development of different cancers. Reduced expression of tumor suppressor miRNAs leads to cancer cell development, so restoring the expression of these miRNAs can be an appropriate treatment option for cancer. Due to the heterogeneity of cancer cells, single-drug therapy often results in drug resistance. Therefore, the combination of chemotherapy with miRNA can be a powerful strategy for cancer treatment. In the current investigation, miR-34a mimic, and negative control were purchased and transfected using jetPEI reagents. Then the synergic effects of miR-34a in combination with doxorubicin were investigated on cell death of acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia Jurkat cell line, as well as the expression of some genes including Caspase-3, Bcl-2, and p53 which are involved in apoptosis. Our outcomes showed that this combination remarkably reduced the expression of the Bcl-2 gene, the target gene of miR-34a. According to the results of the MTT assay, the survival rate was significantly decreased compared to the untreated cells. Results of the flow cytometry assay and DAPI staining demonstrated an increased apoptosis rate of Jurkat cells in combination therapy. Moreover, cell cycle arrest was observed at the G2/M phase in cells that were treated with miR-34a/doxorubicin. Most importantly, we showed that the transfection of the Jurkat cells with miR-34a increased the sensitivity of these cells to doxorubicin. Furthermore, the combination of miR-34a and doxorubicin drug effectively increased apoptosis of treated cells. Therefore, this method can be used as an impressive treatment for T-ALL.
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3
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Expression profiles of miR-196, miR-132, miR-146a, and miR-134 in human colorectal cancer tissues in accordance with their clinical significance : Comparison regarding KRAS mutation. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2021; 133:1162-1170. [PMID: 34463887 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-021-01933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most widespread malignancies in the world. MicroRNA (miRNA) has been identified as an important modulator of the biological processes of the cells. This group of noncoding RNAs also has a pivotal function in the growth and development of human cancers, including CRC. Among these miRNAs, miR-196, miR-132, miR-146a, and miR-134 have fundamental impacts on the regulation of cancers. The current study aimed to investigate the involvement of these miRNAs in CRC patients. METHODS In this study, 50 pairs of tumor and tumor margin samples of CRC patients were investigated to assess the expression levels of miR-196, miR-132, miR-146a, and miR-134 in this cancer. For this purpose, firstly, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied. Also, KRAS mutation and clinicopathological characteristics of the CRC patients were analyzed in the study groups. RESULTS The findings demonstrated the overexpression of miR-196 (P-value = 0.0045) and miR-146a (P-value = 0.0033) in tumor tissues compared to controls. Conversely, the expression levels of miR-132 (P-value = 0.00032) and miR-134 (P-value < 0.0001) were downregulated in tumor tissues. Also, miR-146a was the only miRNA with significant expression change in the case of the KRAS gene mutation. Interestingly, the expression ratio of these miRNAs was significantly associated with some of the clinicopathological features of the patients, such as lymph node and distant metastases. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that these miRNAs appear to be promising novel biomarkers for early diagnosis of CRC and may pave the way for the future establishment of novel therapeutic options for CRC.
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4
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Taefehshokr S, Taefehshokr N, Derakhshani A, Baghbanzadeh A, Astamal RV, Safaei S, Abbasi S, Hajazimian S, Maroufi NF, Isazadeh A, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Baradaran B. The regulatory role of pivotal microRNAs in the AKT signaling pathway in breast cancer. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:263-273. [PMID: 34238182 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666210708095051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women, and it remains the main challenge despite improved treatments. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a small non-coding family of RNAs that play an indispensable role in regulating major physiological processes, including differentiation, proliferation, invasion, migration, cell cycle regulation, stem cell maintenance, apoptosis, and organ development. The dysregulation of these tiny molecules is associated with various human malignancies. More than 50% of these non-coding RNA sequences estimated have been placed on genomic regions or fragile sites linked to cancer. Following the discovery of the first signatures of specific miRNA in breast cancer, numerous researches focused on involving these tiny RNAs in breast cancer physiopathology as a new therapeutic approach or as reliable prognostic biomarkers. In the current review, we focus on recent findings related to the involvement of miRNAs in breast cancer via the AKT signaling pathway and the related clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Taefehshokr
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Taefehshokr
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Vaezi Astamal
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahar Safaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samane Abbasi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saba Hajazimian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazila Fathi Maroufi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Isazadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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5
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, Hashemi F, Rahmani Moghadam E, Raei M, Kalantari M, Tavakol S, Mohammadinejad R, Najafi M, Tay FR, Makvandi P. Progress in Natural Compounds/siRNA Co-delivery Employing Nanovehicles for Cancer Therapy. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:669-700. [PMID: 33095554 PMCID: PMC8015217 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy using natural compounds, such as resveratrol, curcumin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, etoposide, doxorubicin, and camptothecin, is of importance in cancer therapy because of the outstanding therapeutic activity and multitargeting capability of these compounds. However, poor solubility and bioavailability of natural compounds have limited their efficacy in cancer therapy. To circumvent this hurdle, nanocarriers have been designed to improve the antitumor activity of the aforementioned compounds. Nevertheless, cancer treatment is still a challenge, demanding novel strategies. It is well-known that a combination of natural products and gene therapy is advantageous over monotherapy. Delivery of multiple therapeutic agents/small interfering RNA (siRNA) as a potent gene-editing tool in cancer therapy can maximize the synergistic effects against tumor cells. In the present review, co-delivery of natural compounds/siRNA using nanovehicles are highlighted to provide a backdrop for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, Orta Mahalle,
Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı,
Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department
of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology &
Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963114, Iran
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department
of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Rahmani Moghadam
- Department
of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
| | - Mehdi Raei
- Health Research
Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran
| | - Mahshad Kalantari
- Department
of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Azad University, Tehran 19168931813, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular
and Molecular Research Center, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614525, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics
Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616911319, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical
Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- Radiology
and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- College
of Graduate Studies, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa Italy
- Department
of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 14496-14535 Tehran, Iran
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6
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Zeinali T, Karimi L, Hosseinahli N, Shanehbandi D, Mansoori B, Mohammadi A, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Babaloo Z, Majidi-Zolbanin J, Baradaran B. Overexpression of miRNA-145 induces apoptosis and prevents proliferation and migration of MKN-45 gastric cancer cells. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1446-1458. [PMID: 33250681 PMCID: PMC7689247 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MiR-145 is a tumor suppressor miRNA that its ubiquitously expressed in the body but in numerous types of cancers such as GC, its expression became reduced or sometimes ceased in many subjects. This study aimed at restoring the function of the miR-145 in MKN-45 cells and investigating the function of this miRNA in proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of GC cells. MKN-45 cells were transfected using the PCMV-miR-145 plasmid vector. The MTT, DAPI staining, and wound healing assays were applied to estimate the impacts of ectopic expression of miR-145 in vitro. Moreover, alterations in the expression levels of K-Ras, c-Myc, caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax, Bcl-2, and MMP-9 mRNA were measured by qRT-PCR analysis. The findings designated that high expression of miR-145 reduced the proliferation and migration and increased the apoptosis of the MKN-45 cells. These effects occur with concurrent suppression of c-Myc, K-Ras, Bcl-2, and MMP-9 as well as induction of caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax expression. Exogenous miR-145 influences multiple oncogenic pathways and can be regarded as a promising avenue of future therapeutic interventions for GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Zeinali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Leila Karimi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nayer Hosseinahli
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Zohreh Babaloo
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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7
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Molecular mechanisms of breast cancer chemoresistance by immune checkpoints. Life Sci 2020; 263:118604. [PMID: 33096117 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Progression of resistance to chemotherapy in breast cancer (BC) has been recognized as a main factor in decreasing the survival of patients with this malignancy. Recent investigations have described the involvement of immune checkpoint molecules in the progress of drug resistance in breast carcinoma patients. In the present study, the molecular participation of immune checkpoint factors in chemoresistance of BC both in-vitro and in-vivo is reviewed. Numerous immune checkpoints such as PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4, B7-H3, B7-H4, B7-1, and B7-2 have been specified as positive regulators of resistance to various drug types in BC. In several molecular pathways of drug resistance in BC, immune checkpoints affect the chemoresistance of this cancer in a drug- and cell-type-dependent manner. In addition, immune checkpoints promote chemoresistance in response to particular drugs in specific BC cell lines. Furthermore, several the immune checkpoint molecules have not been evaluated in the field of the chemoresistance in breast malignancy either in-vitro or in-vivo. Overall, investigations have indicated that targeting immune checkpoint molecules may be considered as a novel method to improve existing anti-BC treatments.
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8
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Huang Y, Xue X, Li X, Jia B, Pan CX, Li Y, Lin TY. Novel nanococktail of a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor and cabazitaxel for castration-resistant prostate cancer. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020; 3:2000075. [PMID: 33072858 PMCID: PMC7567330 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Prognosis of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) carries is poor, and no effective therapeutic regimen is yet known. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway played a predominant role and may be a promising molecular target for CRPC. However, the toxicity of the dual PI3K inhibitors in clinical trials limits their clinical efficacy for CRPC. To solve this problem, we employed a highly integrated precision nanomedicine strategy to molecularly and physically target CRPC through synergistic effects, enhanced targeted drug delivery efficiency, and reduced unwanted side-effects. Gedatolisib (Ge), a potent inhibitor of PI3K/mTOR, was formulated into our disulfied-crosslinked micelle plateform (NanoGe), which exhibits excellent water solubility, small size (23.25±2 nm), excellent stability with redox stimulus-responsive disintegration, and preferential uptake at tumor sites. NanoGe improved the anti-neoplastic effect of free Ge by 53 times in PC-3M cells and 13 times in C4-2B cells though its enhanced uptake via caveolae- and clathrin-mediated endocytic pathways and the subsequent inhibition of the PI3K/mTOR pathway, resulting in Bax/Bcl-2 dependent apoptosis. In an animal xenograft model, NanoGe showed superior efficacy than free Ge, and synergized with nanoformulated cabazitaxel (NanoCa) as a nanococktail format to achieve a cure rate of 83%. Taken together, our results demonstrate the potency of NanoGe in combination with NanoCa is potent against prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento CA 95817
| | - Xiaocen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento CA 95817
| | - Bei Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento CA 95817
| | - Chong-xian Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento CA 95817
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento CA 95817
| | - Tzu-yin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento CA 95817
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9
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Varied functions of immune checkpoints during cancer metastasis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:569-588. [PMID: 32902664 PMCID: PMC7907026 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoints comprise diverse receptors and ligands including costimulatory and inhibitory molecules, which play monumental roles in regulating the immune system. Immune checkpoints retain key potentials in maintaining the immune system homeostasis and hindering the malignancy development and autoimmunity. The expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints delineates an increase in a plethora of metastatic tumors and the inhibition of these immune checkpoints can be followed by promising results. On the other hand, the stimulation of costimulatory immune checkpoints can restrain the metastasis originating from diverse tumors. From the review above, key findings emerged regarding potential functions of inhibitory and costimulatory immune checkpoints targeting the metastatic cascade and point towards novel potential Achilles’ heels of cancer that might be exploited therapeutically in the future.
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10
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Lotfinejad P, Kazemi T, Mokhtarzadeh A, Shanehbandi D, Jadidi Niaragh F, Safaei S, Asadi M, Baradaran B. PD-1/PD-L1 axis importance and tumor microenvironment immune cells. Life Sci 2020; 259:118297. [PMID: 32822718 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is heterogeneous cancer with poor prognosis among the other breast tumors. Rapid recurrence and increased progression rate could be reasons for the poor prognosis of this type of breast cancer. Recently, because of the lack of specific targets in multiple cancer treatment, immune checkpoint blockade therapies with targeting PD-1/PD-L1 axis have displayed significant advances and improved survival. Among different types of breast cancers, TNBC is considered more immunogenic with high T-cell and other immune cells infiltration compared to other breast cancer subtypes. This immunogenic characteristic of TNBC is a beneficial marker in the immunotherapy of these tumors. Clinical studies with a focus on immune checkpoint therapy have demonstrated promising results in TNBC treatment. In this review, we summarize clinical trials with the immunotherapy-based treatment of different cancers and also discuss the interaction between infiltrating immune cells and breast tumor microenvironment. In addition, we focus on the signaling pathway that controls PD-L1 expression and continues with CAR T-cell therapy and siRNA as novel strategies and potential tools in targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Lotfinejad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahar Safaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Asadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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11
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Alizadeh M, Safarzadeh A, Hoseini SA, Piryaei R, Mansoori B, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Baghbanzadeh A, Baradaran B. The potentials of immune checkpoints for the treatment of blood malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 153:103031. [PMID: 32622320 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are the regulators of the immune system, which include stimulatory and inhibitory receptors. They play substantial roles in the maintenance of immune system homeostasis and the prevention of autoimmunity and cancer. In the current review, immune checkpoints roles are surveyed in the initiation, progression, and treatment of blood malignancies. The significant roles of immune checkpoints are discussed as clinical markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of a plethora of blood malignancies and also as potential targets for the treatment of these malignancies. It could be concluded that the regulation of immune checkpoints in various blood cancers can be employed as a novel strategy to obtain effective results in leukemia treatment and introduce immune checkpoint inhibitors as sufficient weapons against blood cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Alizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Safarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hoseini
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Piryaei
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Role of miR-21 as an authentic oncogene in mediating drug resistance in breast cancer. Gene 2020; 738:144453. [PMID: 32035242 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women that is responsible for the most of the cancer-related death in worldwide. Drug resistance is remaining as a significant clinical obstacle to treat BC patients effectively. Therefore, to help overcome this problem, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of drug resistance. microRNAs classify as highly conserved non-coding RNAs (~22 nucleotides) and interact with mRNAs-coding genes for direct post-transcriptional repression. It has been reported that miR-21 is overexpressed and also acts as oncomiR in many human malignancies by targeting of several tumor suppressor genes-associated with apoptosis, proliferation and metastasis. Specifically, it has been reported that miR-21 is responsible for the drug resistance and its overexpression is related to the development of Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) in breast cancer. In this review, we discussed about the role of miR-21 on the drug resistance of breast cancer.
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13
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Jan R, Chaudhry GES. Understanding Apoptosis and Apoptotic Pathways Targeted Cancer Therapeutics. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:205-218. [PMID: 31380246 PMCID: PMC6664112 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Various physiological processes involve appropriate tissue developmental process and homeostasis - the pathogenesis of several diseases connected with deregulatory apoptosis process. Apoptosis plays a crucial role in maintaining a balance between cell death and division, evasion of apoptosis results in the uncontrolled multiplication of cells leading to different diseases such as cancer. Currently, the development of apoptosis targeting anticancer drugs has gained much interest since cell death induced by apoptosis causes minimal inflammation. The understanding of complexities of apoptosis mechanism and how apoptosis is evolved by tumor cells to oppose cell death has focused research into the new strategies designed to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. This review focused on the underlying mechanism of apoptosis and the dysregulation of apoptosis modulators involved in the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathway, which include death receptors (DRs) proteins, cellular FLICE inhibitory proteins (c-FLIP), anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), tumor suppressor (p53) in cancer cells along with various current clinical approaches aimed to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehmat Jan
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Terengganu Malaysia, 21030 Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Gul-E-Saba Chaudhry
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Terengganu Malaysia, 21030 Terengganu, Malaysia
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14
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Ordoni Aval F, Askarian Amiri S, Azadmehr A, Oladnabi M, Saadat P, Ebrahimi H, Baradaran B, Mansoori B, Pourabdolhossein F, Torabian P, Hajiahmadi M. Gene Silencing of TGFβRII Can Inhibit Glioblastoma Cell Growth. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2681-2686. [PMID: 30256570 PMCID: PMC6249455 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.9.2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant and aggressive type of glioma, associated with a high rate
of mortality. The transforming growth factor-β receptor II (TGFβ RII) is involved in glioma initiation and progression.
On the other hand, TGFβ RII silencing is critical to the inhibition of GBM. Therefore, we aimed to determine the
effects of specific TGFβ RII siRNA on the survival of U-373MG cells. Methods: TGFβ RII siRNA was transfected,
and qRT-PCR was performed to examine TGFβ RII mRNA expression. Cell survival was determined using colorimetric
MTT assay, and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) level was measured in the culture supernatant using
ELISA assay. Result: Our findings indicated that specific siRNAs could dose-dependently suppress TGFβ RII mRNA
expression after 48 hours. In addition, treatment with TGFβ RII siRNA significantly reduced tumor cell survival and
decreased the amount of PDGF-BB protein in the cell culture supernatant. Conclusion: Our results suggest that TGFβ
RII silencing can be a promising complementary treatment for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Ordoni Aval
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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15
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Ghavifekr Fakhr M, Rezaie Kahkhaie K, Shanehbandi D, Farshdousti Hagh M, Zarredar H, Safarzadeh E, Abdolrahimi Vind M, Baradaran B. Scrophularia Atropatana Extract Reverses TP53 Gene Promoter Hypermethylation and Decreases Survivin Antiapoptotic Gene Expression in Breast Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2599-2605. [PMID: 30256066 PMCID: PMC6249477 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.9.2599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In many cases of breast cancer, the aberrant methylation of TP53 gene leads to uncontrolled cell
proliferation and apoptosis inhibition. Moreover, expression of oncogenes which are under the control of P53 protein
could be altered. Survivin as a conspicuous example of this category plays important roles in tumorigenesis, drug
resistance and apoptosis inhibition. The present study was done to reveal the effects of Scrophularia atropatana extract
on epigenetic situation of TP53 gene promoter and the expression levels of anti-apoptotic gene, survivin and its potential
for production of cancer epi-drugs. Methods: Cytotoxic effect of dichloromethane extracts of Scrophularia plant on
MCF-7 cell line was assessed in our previous study. Cell death ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and
TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) tests were used to investigate the occurrence of
apoptosis in the treated cells. Methylation Specific PCR (MSP) was employed to assess the changes in methylation
status of the TP53 gene promoter. Furthermore, quantitative real time PCR was utilized to evaluate the resulting changes
in TP53 and survivin genes expression. Results: Cell death ELISA and TUNEL assays confirmed the occurrence of
apoptosis. MSP test revealed a significant change in the methylation status of TP53 promoter. QRT-PCR showed
an increased TP53 gene expression in the treated cells while a significant decrease in survivin mRNA was evident.
Conclusions: According to the outcomes, dichloromethane extract of S. atropatana returned the TP53 gene promoter
hypermethylation to normal state. This plant could be a promising source for production of epi-drugs due to its apoptotic
effects and reversal of TP53 epigenetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Ghavifekr Fakhr
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee,Zabol University of Medical Science, Zabol, Iran.
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Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family comprises a group of endogenous proteins that function as main regulators of caspase activity and cell death. They are considered the main culprits in evasion of apoptosis, which is a fundamental hallmark of carcinogenesis. Overexpression of IAP proteins has been documented in various solid and hematological malignancies, rendering them resistant to standard chemotherapeutics and radiation therapy and conferring poor prognosis. This observation has urged their exploitation as therapeutic targets in cancer with promising pre-clinical outcomes. This review describes the structural and functional features of IAP proteins to elucidate the mechanism of their anti-apoptotic activity. We also provide an update on patterns of IAP expression in different tumors, their impact on treatment response and prognosis, as well as the emerging investigational drugs targeting them. This aims at shedding the light on the advances in IAP targeting achieved to date, and encourage further development of clinically applicable therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat S Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Speciality, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
- , Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mai K Bishr
- Department of Radiotherapy, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fahad M Almutairi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat G Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, El Sahel Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Zarredar H, Ansarin K, Baradaran B, Ahdi Khosroshahi S, Farajnia S. Potential Molecular Targets in the Treatment of Lung Cancer Using siRNA Technology. Cancer Invest 2018; 36:37-58. [DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2017.1416393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Habib Zarredar
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khalil Ansarin
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Safar Farajnia
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Goethe E, Carter BZ, Rao G, Pemmaraju N. Glioblastoma and acute myeloid leukemia: malignancies with striking similarities. J Neurooncol 2017; 136:223-231. [PMID: 29196926 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2676-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and glioblastoma (GB) are two malignancies associated with high incidence of treatment refractoriness and generally, uniformly poor survival outcomes. While the former is a hematologic (i.e. a "liquid") malignancy and the latter a solid tumor, the two diseases share both clinical and biochemical characteristics. Both diseases exist predominantly in primary (de novo) forms, with only a small subset of each progressing from precursor disease states like the myelodysplastic syndromes or diffuse glioma. More importantly, the primary and secondary forms of each disease are characterized by common sets of mutations and gene expression abnormalities. The primary versions of AML and GB are characterized by aberrant RAS pathway, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and Bcl-2 expression, and their secondary counterparts share abnormalities in TP53, isocitrate dehydrogenase, ATRX, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, and survivin that both influence the course of the diseases themselves and their progression from precursor disease. An understanding of these shared features is important, as it can be used to guide both the research about and treatment of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Goethe
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bing Z Carter
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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19
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Guo J, Russell EG, Darcy R, Cotter TG, McKenna SL, Cahill MR, O’Driscoll CM. Antibody-Targeted Cyclodextrin-Based Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Physicochemical Characteristics, in Vitro Mechanistic Studies, and ex Vivo Patient Derived Therapeutic Efficacy. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:940-952. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Guo
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Pharmacodelivery
Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eileen G. Russell
- Tumour
Biology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Raphael Darcy
- Pharmacodelivery
Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomas G. Cotter
- Tumour
Biology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Mary R. Cahill
- Department
of Haematology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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20
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Zhang XZ, Su AL, Hu MQ, Zhang XQ, Xu YL. Elevated serum ferritin levels in patients with hematologic malignancies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 15:6099-101. [PMID: 25124580 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.15.6099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively analyze variability and clinical significance of serum ferritin levels in Chinese patients with hematologic malignancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum ferritin were measured by radioimmunoassay, using a kit produced by the Beijing Institute of Atomic Energy. Patients with hematologic malignancies, and treated in the Department of Hematology in Nanjing First Hospital and fulfilled study criteria were recruited. RESULTS Of 473 patients with hematologic malignancies, 262 patients were diagnosed with acute leukemia, 131 with lymphoma and 80 with multiple myeloma. Serum ferritin levels of newly diagnosed and recurrent patients were significantly higher than those entering complete remission stage or in the control group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Serum ferritin lever in patients with hematologic malignancies at early stage and recurrent stage are significantly increased, so that detection and surveillance of changes of serum ferritin could be helpful in assessing conditions and prognosis of this patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China E-mail :
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21
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Asgarlou Z, Tehrani S, Asghari E, Arzanlou M, Naghavi-Behzad M, Piri R, Gareh Sheyklo S, Moosavi A. Cervical Cancer Prevention Knowledge and Attitudes among Female University Students and Hospital Staff in Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:4921-4927. [PMID: 28032497 PMCID: PMC5454697 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.11.4921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is a major preventable cancers. The, current study aimed to assess relevant knowledge and attitude of female students and hospital staff in Iran. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Medical and Nursing faculties and hospitals of East-Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Participants were medical and paramedical female students and female staff in hospitals selected by stratified random sampling techniques. Tools for data collection were questionnaires for which validity and reliability had been verified (α=0.8). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data with SPSS.16. Result: Response rates were 71 % (426 from 600) and 63.5% (254 from 400) for students and staff, respectively. Some 29.1% admitted that they had no information about cervical cancer, only 70 (10.3%) thinking their knowledge as high, 360 (52.9%) as intermediate, and 237 (34.9%) as low. While 93% of participants considered cervical cancer as a severe health problem, the only statistically significant relationships with knowledge were for education (p<.001) and occupation (p<.001) variables. Conclusion: Given the importance of the roles of medical students and personnel as information sources and leaders in health and preventive behavior, increasing and improving their scientific understanding seems vital. Comprehensive and appropriate education of all people and especially students and personnel of medical sciences and improving attitudes towards cervical cancer and its monitoring are to be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoleykha Asgarlou
- Students’ Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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22
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Esmailzadeh S, Mansoori B, Mohammadi A, Shanehbandi D, Baradaran B. siRNA-Mediated Silencing of HMGA2 Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Colorectal Carcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2016; 48:156-163. [DOI: 10.1007/s12029-016-9871-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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23
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Mansoori B, Mohammadi A, Goldar S, Shanehbandi D, Mohammadnejad L, Baghbani E, Kazemi T, Kachalaki S, Baradaran B. Silencing of High Mobility Group Isoform I-C (HMGI-C) Enhances Paclitaxel Chemosensitivity in Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells (MDA-MB-468). Adv Pharm Bull 2016; 6:171-7. [PMID: 27478778 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2016.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE HMGI-C (High Mobility Group protein Isoform I-C) protein is a member of the high-mobility group AT-hook (HMGA) family of small non-histone chromosomal protein that can modulate transcription of an ample number of genes. Genome-wide studies revealed up regulation of the HMGI-C gene in many human cancers. We suggested that HMGI-C might play a critical role in the progression and migration of various tumors. However, the exact role of HMGI-C in breast adenocarcinoma has not been cleared. METHODS The cells were transfected with siRNAs using transfection reagent. Relative HMGI-C mRNA and protein levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The cytotoxic effects of HMGI-C siRNA, Paclitaxel alone and combination on breast adenocarcinoma cells were determined using MTT assay. The migration after treatment by HMGI-C siRNA, Paclitaxel alone and combination were detected by wound-healing respectively. RESULTS HMGI-C siRNA significantly reduced both mRNA and protein expression levels in a 48 hours after transfection and dose dependent manner. We observed that the knockdown of HMGI-C led to the significant reduced cell viability and inhibited cells migration in MDA-MB-468 cells in vitro. CONCLUSION These results propose that HMGI-C silencing and Paclitaxel treatment alone can inhibit the proliferation and migration significantly, furthermore, synergic effect of HMGI-C siRNA and Paclitaxel showed higher inhibition compared to mono treatment. Taken together, HMGI-C could be used as a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of human breast adenocarcinoma. Therefore HMGI-C siRNA may be an effective adjuvant in human breast adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Goldar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Mohammadnejad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Baghbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Kachalaki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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24
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Garg H, Suri P, Gupta JC, Talwar GP, Dubey S. Survivin: a unique target for tumor therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:49. [PMID: 27340370 PMCID: PMC4917988 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is the smallest member of the Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins, involved in inhibition of apoptosis and regulation of cell cycle. These functional attributes make Survivin a unique protein exhibiting divergent functions i.e. regulating cell proliferation and cell death. Expression pattern of Survivin is also distinctive; it is prominently expressed during embryonal development, absent in most normal, terminally differentiated tissues but upregulated in a variety of human cancers. Expression of Survivin in tumours correlates with not only inhibition of apoptosis and a decreased rate of cell death, but also resistance to chemotherapy and aggressiveness of tumours. Therefore, Survivin is an important target for cancer vaccines and therapeutics. Survivin has also been found to be prominently expressed on both human and embryonic stem cells and many somatic stem cell types indicating its yet unexplored role in stem cell generation and maintenance. Overall, Survivin emerges as a molecule with much wider role in cellular homeostasis. This review will discuss various aspects of Survivin biology and its role in regulation of apoptosis, cell division, chemo-resistance and tumour progression. Various molecular and immunotherapeutic approaches targeting Survivin will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Garg
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, J-3 Block, Room No: LG21, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303 India
| | - Prerna Suri
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, India
| | - Jagdish C Gupta
- Talwar Research Foundation, E-8 Neb Valley, Neb Sarai, New Delhi, 110 068 India
| | - G P Talwar
- Talwar Research Foundation, E-8 Neb Valley, Neb Sarai, New Delhi, 110 068 India
| | - Shweta Dubey
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, J-3 Block, Room No: LG21, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303 India
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25
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Goldar S, Khaniani MS, Derakhshan SM, Baradaran B. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and roles in cancer development and treatment. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:2129-44. [PMID: 25824729 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.6.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) or apoptosis is a mechanism which is crucial for all multicellular organisms to control cell proliferation and maintain tissue homeostasis as well as eliminate harmful or unnecessary cells from an organism. Defects in the physiological mechanisms of apoptosis may contribute to different human diseases like cancer. Identification of the mechanisms of apoptosis and its effector proteins as well as the genes responsible for apoptosis has provided a new opportunity to discover and develop novel agents that can increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to undergo apoptosis or reset their apoptotic threshold. These novel targeted therapies include those targeting anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, p53, the extrinsic pathway, FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, and the caspases. In recent years a number of these novel agents have been assessed in preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we introduce some of the key regulatory molecules that control the apoptotic pathways, extrinsic and intrinsic death receptors, discuss how defects in apoptotic pathways contribute to cancer, and list several agents being developed to target apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Goldar
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Labratorary, Division of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran E-mail :
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26
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Xu T, Zhong L, Gan LG, Xiao CL, Shan ZL, Yang R, Song H, Li L, Liu BZ. Effects of LG268 on Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis of NB4 Cells. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:517-23. [PMID: 27429588 PMCID: PMC4946122 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.15507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of LG100268 (LG268) on cell proliferation and apoptosis in NB4 cells. METHODS NB4 cells were treated with LG268 for 24 h or 48 h. The effect of LG268 on cell proliferation was assessed by the CCK-8 assay and colony-forming assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of Survivin, PARP, c-Myc, cyclin D1, ERK, p-ERK, p38 MAPK, and p- p38 MAPK were detected by western blot. RESULTS We found that LG268 inhibited the proliferation of NB4 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis showed that LG268 accelerated apoptosis in NB4 cells in a time- dependent manner and that LG268 treatment led to cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Moreover, LG268 significantly decreased the protein levels of Survivin, c-Myc, and cyclinD1. Cleaved PARP was observed in the LG268 treatment group but not in the control group. In addition, LG268 increased the phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK and decreased the phosphorylation level of ERK. CONCLUSIONS LG268 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in NB4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- 1. Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liu-Gen Gan
- 1. Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chun-Lan Xiao
- 1. Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Shan
- 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rong Yang
- 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hao Song
- 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liu Li
- 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Bei-Zhong Liu
- 1. Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Piri R, Ghaffari A, Gholami N, Azami-Aghdash S, PourAli-Akbar Y, Saleh P, Naghavi-Behzad M. Ki-67/MIB-1 as a Prognostic Marker in Cervical Cancer - a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:6997-7002. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.16.6997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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28
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Li N, Jia X, Wang J, Li Y, Xie S. Knockdown of homeobox A5 by small hairpin RNA inhibits proliferation and enhances cytarabine chemosensitivity of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6861-6. [PMID: 26397212 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes encode transcription factors that are essential for embryonic morphogenesis and differentiation. Transcription factors containing the highly conserved homeobox motif show considerable promise as potential regulators of hematopoietic maturation events. Previous studies have suggested that the increased expression levels of homeobox (HOX)A genes was correlated with the cytogenetic findings associated with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia and mixed lineage leukemia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of HOXA5 in leukemia. The U937 human leukemia cell line was transfected with a HOXA5‑targeted short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to determine the effects of downregulation of the HOXA5 on proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution and chemoresistance in leukemia cells. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses demonstrated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of HOXA5 were markedly suppressed following transfection with an shRNA‑containing vector. Knockdown of HOXA5 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, as determined by Cell Counting kit‑8 assay. Flow cytometry revealed that reduced HOXA5 expression levels resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, and induced apoptosis. In addition, western blot analysis demonstrated that HOXA5 knockdown increased the expression levels of caspase‑3, and reduced the expression levels of survivin in the U937 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of HOXA5 in the U937 cells enhanced their chemosensitivity to cytarabine. The results of the present study suggested that downregulation of HOXA5 by shRNA may trigger apoptosis and overcome drug resistance in leukemia cells. Therefore, HOXA5 may serve as a potential target for developing novel therapeutic strategies for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256003, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhong Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256003, P.R. China
| | - Jianyong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256003, P.R. China
| | - Youjie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Shuyang Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
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29
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de Necochea-Campion R, Diaz Osterman CJ, Hsu HW, Fan J, Mirshahidi S, Wall NR, Chen CS. AML sensitivity to YM155 is modulated through AKT and Mcl-1. Cancer Lett 2015; 366:44-51. [PMID: 26118775 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
HL60 and U937 (acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines) were assessed for sensitivity to YM155, and found to have distinct sensitive and resistant phenotypes, respectively. In HL60 cells, YM155 inhibition of growth proliferation was due to apoptosis which was measured by annexin V/PI staining. YM155 induced apoptosis through activation of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways that also culminated in caspase-3 activity and PARP cleavage. YM155 sensitivity was partially associated with this compound's ability to down-regulate survivin transcription since this was more pronounced in the HL60 cell line. However, marked differences were also observed in XIAP, Bcl-2, and Mcl-1L, and Mcl-1s. Furthermore, YM155 treatment completely inhibited production of total Akt protein in HL60, but not U937 cells. Importantly, Akt activity (pAkt-Ser473) levels were maintained in YM155 treated U937 cells which may help stabilize other anti-apoptotic proteins. Combination treatments with an Akt inhibitor, MK-2206, reduced levels of pAkt-Ser473 in U937 cells and synergistically sensitized them to YM155 cytotoxicity. Collectively our results indicate that Akt signaling may be an important factor mediating YM155 response in AML, and combinatorial therapies with Akt inhibitors could improve treatment efficacy in YM155-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia de Necochea-Campion
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology & Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Carlos J Diaz Osterman
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Heng-Wei Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology & Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Junjie Fan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology & Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Saied Mirshahidi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology & Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Nathan R Wall
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Chien-Shing Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology & Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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Zhang B, Yin CP, Zhao Q, Yue SW. Upregulation of HIF-1α by hypoxia protect neuroblastoma cells from apoptosis by promoting survivin expression. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:8251-7. [PMID: 25339014 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.19.8251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is one of main types of neural cell death and is reversible and is a major target of therapeutic interventions. However, detailed apoptotic cascades still need to be recognized. In present study, we determined the promotion of HIF-1α and survivin in brain samples of a mouse model of hypoxic-ischemia and in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells post hypoxia treatment. Then gain-of-function and loss-of-function strategies were adopted to manipulate the HIF-1α in SH-SY5Y cells, and hypoxia-induced survivin upregulation and cell apoptosis were determined. Results demonstrated that the HIF-1α and survivin were significantly promoted in a mouse model of hypoxic-ischemia or in SH-SY5Y cells post hypoxia in vitro. Manually upregulated HIF-1α could promote the hypoxia-induced survivin upregulation and improve the hypoxia-induced SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis. On the other hand, the HIF-1α knockdown by RNAi reduced the hypoxia-induced survivin upregulation and cell apoptosis. Therefore, the present study confirmed the protective role of HIF-1α and survivin in the hypoxia-induced SH- SY5Y cell apoptosis, and the survivin upregulation by hypoxia is HIF-1α-dependent. Promotion of HIF-1α and survivin might be a valuable stragegy for therapeutic intervention for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Qi Lu Hospital, Medical School of Shandong University. Jinan, China E-mail :
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Cao XQ, Lu HS, Zhang L, Chen LL, Gan MF. MEKK3 and survivin expression in cervical cancer: association with clinicopathological factors and prognosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:5271-6. [PMID: 25040987 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.13.5271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase kinase 3 (MEKK3) is an important protein kinase and a member of the MAPK family, which regulates cellular responses to environmental stress and serves as key integration points along the signal transduction cascade that not only link diverse extracellular stimuli to subsequent signaling molecules but also amplify the initiating signals to ultimately activate effector molecules and induce cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. To explore the relationship between MEKK3 and cell apoptosis, clinicopathology and prognosis, we characterize the expression of MEKK3 and survivin in cervical cancer. MEKK3 and survivin expression was measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting of fresh surgical resections from 30 cases of cervical cancer and 25 cases of chronic cervicitis. Protein expression was detected by tissue microarray and immunochemistry (En Vision) in 107 cases of cervical cancer, 86 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 35 cases of chronic cervicitis. Expression patterns were analyzed for their association with clinicopathological factors and prognosis in cervical cancer. Expression of MEKK3 and survivin mRNA was significantly higher in cervical cancer than in the controls (p<0.05). MEKK3 and survivin expression differed significantly between cervical carcinoma, CIN, and cervicitis (p<0.05) and correlated with clinical stage, infiltration depth, and lymph node metastasis (p<0.05). MEKK3 expression was positively correlated with survivin (p<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that MEKK3 and survivin expression, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion, and FIGO stage reduce cumulative survival. Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that MEKK3, survivin, and clinical staging are independent prognostic factors in cervical cancer (p<0.05). Expression of MEKK3 and survivin are significantly increased in cervical cancer, their overexpression participating in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer, with protein expression and clinical staging acting as independent prognostic factors for patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Quan Cao
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Central Hospital of Taizhou Enze Medical Group, Taizhou, China E-mail :
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Zhu XS, Lin ZY, Du J, Cao GX, Liu G. BCR/ABL mRNA targeting small interfering RNA effects on proliferation and apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:4773-80. [PMID: 24998540 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.12.4773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effects of small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting BCR/ABL mRNA on proliferation and apoptosis in the K562 human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell line and to provide a theoretical rationale and experimental evidence for its potential clinical application for anti-CML treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The gene sequence for BCR/ABL mRNA was found from the GeneBank. The target gene site on the BCR/ABL mRNA were selected according to Max-Planck-Institute (MPI) and rational siRNA design rules, the secondary structure of the candidate targeted mRNA was predicted, the relevant thermodynamic parameters were analyzed, and the targeted gene sequences were compared with BLAST to eliminate any sequences with significant homology. Inhibition of proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay and colony-formation inhibiting test. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry (FCM) and the morphology of apoptotic cells was identified by Giemsa-Wright staining. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of BCR/ABL fusion protein in K562 cells after siRNA treatment. RESULTS The mRNA local secondary structure calculated by RNA structure software, and the optimal design of specific siRNA were contributed by bioinformatics rules. Five sequences of BCR/ABL siRNAs were designed and synthesized in vitro. Three sequences, siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786, which showed the most effective inhibition of K562 cell growth, were identified among the five candidate siRNAs, with a cell proliferative inhibitory rate nearly 50% after exposure to 12.5 nmol/L~50 nmol/L siRNA1384 for 24,48 and 72 hours. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786 for 24 hours were 46.6 nmol/L, 59.3 nmol/L and 62.6 nmol/L, respectively, and 65.668 nmol/L, 76.6 nmol/L, 74.4 nmol/L for 72 hours. The colony-formation inhibiting test also indicated that, compared with control, cell growth of siRNA treated group was inhibited. FCM results showed that the rate of cell apoptosis increased 24 hours after transfecting siRNA. The results of annexinV/PI staining indicated that the rate of apoptosis imcreased (1.53%, 15.3%, 64.5%, 57.5% and 21.5%) following treamtne with siRNAs (siRNA34, siRNA372, siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786). Morphological analysis showed td typical morphologic changes of apoptosis such as shrunken, fragmentation nucleus as well as "apoptotic bodies" after K562 cell exposure to siRNA. Western blot analysis showed that BCR/ABL protein was reduced sharply after a single dose of 50 nmol/L siRNA transfection. CONCLUSIONS Proliferation of K562 cells was remarkbly inhibited by siRNAs (siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786) in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro, with effective induction of apoptosis at a concentration of 50 nmol/L. One anti-leukemia mechanism in K562 cells appeared that BCR/ABL targeted protein was highly down-regulated. The siRNAs (siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786) may prove valuable in the treatment of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Shan Zhu
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China E-mail :
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Kang Q, Yan S. Piperlongumine reverses doxorubicin resistance through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in K562/A02 human leukemia cells. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1345-1350. [PMID: 25780433 PMCID: PMC4353808 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is an important obstacle to human leukemia therapeutics. Piperlongumine has previously demonstrated the ability to suppress certain human tumor processes; however, the ability of piperlongumine to reverse the drug resistance of human leukemia and its mechanism of action have not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, the doxorubicin resistance reversal effect of piperlongumine on K562/A02 human leukemia cells and the underlying mechanism were investigated. The results indicated that piperlongumine promoted doxorubicin sensitivity, apoptosis, the intracellular accumulation of rhodamine-123, the activities of caspase-3 and -8, and the expression of reactive oxygen species, p53, p27 and p-PTEN. Furthermore, it suppressed the expression of P-glycoprotein, MDR1, MRP1, survivin and p-Akt, and the transcriptional activities of NF-κB and twist, and arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. The results indicate that piperlongumine has the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent for human leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Kang
- Pharmacy Department, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Shu Yan
- Pharmacy Department, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
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Hosseini BA, Pasdaran A, Kazemi T, Shanehbandi D, Karami H, Orangi M, Baradaran B. Dichloromethane fractions of Scrophularia oxysepala extract induce apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2015; 15:26-32. [PMID: 25725141 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2015.1.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a prevalent malignancy among women, especially in developing countries. A large number of anticancer agents with herbal origins have been reported. Hence, herbals may play an essential role in prevention and treatment of cancers. We investigated cytotoxic effects of dichloromethane fractions of Scrophularia oxysepala extract on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The cytotoxic activity of Scrophularia oxysepala fractions on the MCF-7 cells was assessed using Trypan Blue dye exclusion and MTT (3-(4, 5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays. In addition, apoptosis induction was determined using TUNEL (terminal deoxy transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick- end labeling) assay and DNA fragmentation analysis. Quantitative Real-Time PCR was also used for analyzing the changes in Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and Bcl-2 genes' expression. Results revealed an effective inhibition of growth and viability in MCF-7 cells treated with dichloromethane fractions. Cell death assay and DNA fragmentation analysis using the TUNEL test confirmed the induction of apoptosis in the MCF-7 cell line. Further, the fractions have resulted in an increased expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 mRNA, which highlights the possibility of apoptosis in the treatments. The expression study of Caspase-9 mRNA confirmed that, the fractions have triggered apoptosis via intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. In summary, fractions of Scrophularia oxysepala extract were found to be promising in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
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Progress in RNAi-mediated Molecular Therapy of Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 4:e240. [DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Aksoy RT, Thran AT, Boran N, Tokmak A, Isikdogan BZ, Dogan M, Thlunay HG. Lack of Relation of Survivin Gene Expression with Survival and Surgical Prognostic Factors in Endometrial Carcinoma Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.16.6905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Ghojazadeh M, Naghavi-Behzad M, Nasrolah-Zadeh R, Bayat-Khajeh P, Piri R, Mirnia K, Azami-Aghdash S. Knowledge production status of Iranian researchers in the gastric cancer area: based on the medline database. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:5083-8. [PMID: 24998590 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.12.5083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scientometrics is a useful method for management of financial and human resources and has been applied many times in medical sciences during recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of science production by Iranian scientists in the gastric cancer field based on the Medline database. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this descriptive-cross sectional study Iranian science production concerning gastric cancer during 2000-2011 was investigated based on Medline. After two stages of searching, 121 articles were found, then we reviewed publication date, authors names, journal title, impact factor (IF), and cooperation coefficient between researchers. SPSS.19 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS There was a significant increase in published articles about gastric cancer by Iranian researchers in Medline database during 2006-2011. Mean cooperation coefficient between researchers was 6.14±3.29 person per article. Articles of this field were published in 19 countries and 56 journals. Those basex in Thailand, England, and America had the most published Iranian articles. Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Mohammadreza Zali had the most outstanding role in publishing scientific articles. CONCLUSIONS According to results of this study, improving cooperation of researchers in conducting research and scientometric studies about other fields may have an important role in increasing both quality and quantity of published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Ghojazadeh
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail :
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Telmisartan exerts anti-tumor effects by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Molecules 2014; 19:2862-76. [PMID: 24603556 PMCID: PMC6271964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19032862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Telmisartan, a member of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers, is usually used for cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have showed that telmisartan has the property of PPARγ activation. Meanwhile, PPARγ is essential for tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis. In this work we explore whether telmisartan could exert anti-tumor effects through PPARγ activation in A549 cells. MTT and trypan blue exclusion assays were included to determine the survival rates and cell viabilities. RT-PCR and western blotting were used to analyze the expression of ICAM-1, MMP-9 and PPARγ. DNA binding activity of PPARγ was evaluated by EMSA. Our data showed that the survival rates and cell viabilities of A549 cells were all reduced by telmisartan in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, our results also demonstrated that telmisartan dose-dependently inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 and MMP-9. Moreover, the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects, ICAM-1 and MMP-9 inhibitive properties of telmisartan were totally blunted by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662. Our findings also showed that the expression of PPARγ was up-regulated by telmisartan in a dose dependent manner. And, the EMSA results also figured out that DNA binding activity of PPARγ was dose-dependently increased by telmisartan. Additionally, our data also revealed that telmisartan-induced PPARγ activation was abrogated by GW9662. Taken together, our results indicated that telmisartan inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 and MMP-9 in A549 cells, very likely through the up-regulation of PPARγ synthesis.
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