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Gedamu D, Shimels T, Kassie D, Chanyalew Z, Eyasu M. Thyroid Malignancy in Patients Who Underwent Thyroidectomy for Multinodular Goiter and Solitary Thyroid Nodule. JCO Glob Oncol 2024; 10:e2300322. [PMID: 38815179 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Worldwide, incidence of thyroid malignancy is increasing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern and magnitude of nodule types. METHODS A cross-sectional retrospective study was performed at Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, among patients who underwent thyroidectomy from May 2018 to June 2022. Data were extracted using a structured format. Descriptive statistics were performed using SPSS version 26 software. Results were presented in terms of percentages and frequencies. RESULTS During a 4-year period, 1,476 patients had thyroidectomies and histopathologic information of 212 malignant cases was studied. Within multinodular goiter (MNG), thyroid cancer accounted for 69.8% (n = 148) of patients, whereas in solitary nodules, it accounted for 30.2%. From the total, 160 participants (75.5%) were female, and the female:male ratio was 3.1 (mean, 41.72; ± standard deviation [SD], 16.44) years, and age range of 12-88 years versus men, who have a mean of 44.71 (±SD, 14.91) years and an age range of 21-78 years. The mean age of male cases with solitary nodule and MNG was 40.6 and 46.5 years, respectively. The most frequent cancer in both types of nodules, accounting for 59% of patients, was papillary carcinoma, which was found in 64% of solitary nodules and 57.4% of multinodular nodules. Overall, 14.1% of tumors had multiple centers (17.4% in multinodular nodules and 6.9% in solitary nodules). In 7.1% of patients, microcarcinoma (<1 cm) was found, with papillary carcinoma accounting for 91.7% of the total. CONCLUSION Compared with men, women with cancer typically manifested at a younger age. Males with malignancy in solitary nodules had a lower mean age than those with MNGs. The most frequent and significant cause of multicentric presentation is papillary carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desalew Gedamu
- Department of Pathology, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tariku Shimels
- St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Kassie
- Department of Pathology, Gondar Medical College, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zewditu Chanyalew
- Department of Pathology, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mebrahtu Eyasu
- Department of Pharmacology, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Parvathareddy SK, Siraj AK, Annaiyappanaidu P, Ahmed SO, Al-Sobhi SS, Al-Dayel F, Al-Kuraya KS. Recurrent Middle Eastern Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Has Worse Outcomes Than Persistent Disease. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1877. [PMID: 38610642 PMCID: PMC11012810 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the excellent prognosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), recurrent and persistent disease remain major challenges. Emerging studies to differentiate between recurrent and persistent disease are controversial, with studies from the Middle East lacking. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1691 patients who underwent surgery ± I131 treatment for DTC, with a median age of 38.7 years and median follow-up of 95.3 months. Results: We found a similar prevalence rate for persistent and recurrent disease (17.7% vs. 17.9%) in Middle Eastern DTC patients. Relative to patients with persistent disease, patients with recurrent disease were significantly older (median age: 36.1 vs. 45.8 years; p < 0.0001) and were more likely to have ATA high-risk tumors (61.5% vs. 75.2%; p = 0.0003). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, both T and N status were independent predictors for recurrent as well as structural persistent disease. However, older age, bilaterality and extrathyroidal extension were independent predictors of recurrent disease alone. In addition, patients with recurrent disease had significantly worse cancer-specific survival (p < 0.0001), which remained significant in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Although persistent and recurrent disease in Middle Eastern DTC have similar frequencies, recurrent disease has worse outcomes compared to persistent disease. Hence, differentiating recurrence from persistence has great potential clinical relevance for therapeutic and follow-up approaches, contributing to improving the outcomes of DTC patients of Middle Eastern ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Parvathareddy
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Centre King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.P.); (A.K.S.); (P.A.); (S.O.A.)
| | - Abdul K. Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Centre King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.P.); (A.K.S.); (P.A.); (S.O.A.)
| | - Padmanaban Annaiyappanaidu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Centre King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.P.); (A.K.S.); (P.A.); (S.O.A.)
| | - Saeeda O. Ahmed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Centre King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.P.); (A.K.S.); (P.A.); (S.O.A.)
| | - Saif S. Al-Sobhi
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khawla S. Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Centre King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.P.); (A.K.S.); (P.A.); (S.O.A.)
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Patel N, Bavikar R, Lad YP, Singh M, Dharwadkar A, Viswanathan V. A comparison of the WHO 2004 and WHO 2017 thyroid tumor classifications. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:311-314. [PMID: 38554339 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1797_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The category of borderline malignancy or unknown malignant potential was added to the WHO's 2017 classification of thyroid tumours. A new histological variety of papillary tumours and Hurthle cell tumours was given as a separate entity. The classification has also adopted the Turin criteria for histological diagnosis of poorly differentiated cancer (PDC). SETTINGS AND DESIGN Descriptive study. METHODS AND MATERIAL From July 2018 to June 2022, 200 thyroid neoplasm patients at a tertiary care facility in western Maharashtra were participated in the prospective research over a period of 4 years. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED The descriptive statistics were used to analyse the collected data. AIM This study was undertaken to compare the old (2004) and new (2016) WHO classifications and their importance in the treatment of thyroid malignancies. RESULTS Out of 200 cases, the age range of 31 to 40 years had the greatest number of cases. The ratio of females to males was 5:1. In our study, according to the WHO 2004 classification, malignant tumours comprised 57.5% of the cases, while benign tumours 42.5% of the cases. When tumours were subcategorized, the most frequent benign tumour was follicular adenoma (43.5%) and malignant tumour was papillary thyroid carcinoma (37%). Malignant tumours made up 47.5% of the cases when the tumours were reclassified using the revised WHO 2017 classification, followed by borderline tumours with 27.5% of the cases and benign tumours with 25% of the cases. The most frequent borderline tumour was NIFTP (Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features) (17.5%), the most prevalent malignant tumour was papillary carcinoma (including its variant) (32%), and the most frequent benign tumour was follicular adenoma (27%). CONCLUSION We concluded that the inclusion of the Boderline Category in the new WHO classification significantly improved thyroid cancer management. WHO 2017 classification prevents under diagnosis (in the case of benign tumors) and over diagnosis (in the case of malignant tumors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirali Patel
- Department of pathology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri Pune, Maharashtra, India
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The Risk of Developing Lymphoma among Autoimmune Thyroid Disorder Patients: A Cross-Section Study. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4354595. [PMID: 35692889 PMCID: PMC9187447 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4354595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are the most common types of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), and both are characterized by the infiltration of lymphocytes into the thyroid gland. Moreover, autoimmune diseases like HT have a higher risk of developing lymphoma. This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence and association of lymphoma in patients with AITD. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Data were gathered from the medical records of patients aged 18 years or older who developed AITD. A total number of 140 medical records were collected, and 72 patients were included after applying in exclusion criteria. Data on the subtype, clinical-stage, treatment modality, patient status, remission, and relapse were collected for patients who developed lymphoma. Results Among 72 patients who developed AITD, HT was diagnosed in 58 (80.6%) patients and GD in 14 (19.4%). Five (7%) patients were diagnosed with lymphoma all of whom had a history of HT. The subtypes of lymphoma were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL 3; 4.2%), follicular lymphoma 1 (1.4%), and Hodgkin's lymphoma 1 (1.4%). Conclusion The prevalence of PTL in patients with AITD, specifically HT, was 7%. Most patients developed NHL, with DLBCL being the most common subtype. The onset of lymphoma in this study was lower than reported in the literature. All patients with PTL had HT in their backgrounds. Further national studies are warranted to explore the relationship between the two diseases to provide more insight into the comprehension of this association.
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Alkaff HH, Besharah BO, Bukhari DH, Sayed SI, Alessa MA, Abdelmonim SK, Alghamdi SA, Alghamdi FE, Abu Suliman OA, Abi Sheffah FR, Al-Tammas AH, Al-Zahrani RA, Marglani OA, Heaphy JC, Bawazir OA, Alherabi AZ. Thyroid neoplasm in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia. A retrospective epidemiological study. Saudi Med J 2021; 41:1330-1335. [PMID: 33294891 PMCID: PMC7841587 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2020.12.25575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To improve our local data and demographics of thyroid neoplasm in Makkah region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and provide some basic statistics for future studies in our local community. Methods: A record based retrospective epidemiological study was conducted and included 314 thyroid disease patients who were presented to our centers at Makkah region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between December 2009 and December 2019. Results: A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out. The average age was 42.77 years, with a female-to-male ratio of 3:1, and most of the patients were Saudi (77%). Fifty-seven percent of cases were benign, while in malignant cases, 33.4% were papillary thyroid carcinoma. The mean follow-up time was 15.44 months, with excellent compliance in 39.4% of the patients. Conclusion: Thyroid tumors have a leading incidence in head and neck tumors in Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, mandating further studies to determine the causes and distribution in other regions of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haddad H Alkaff
- Head and Neck & Skull Base Surgery Center, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Siraj AK, Parvathareddy SK, Qadri Z, Siddiqui K, Al-Sobhi SS, Al-Dayel F, Al-Kuraya KS. Annual Hazard Rate of Recurrence in Middle Eastern Papillary Thyroid Cancer over a Long-Term Follow-Up. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123624. [PMID: 33287340 PMCID: PMC7761718 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Predicting the pattern of recurrence in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is necessary to establish optimal surveillance and treatment strategies. We analyzed changes in hazard rate (HR) for tumor recurrence over time in 1201 unselected Middle Eastern PTC patients. The changes in risk were further analyzed according to clinical variables predictive of early (≤5 years) and late (>5 years) recurrence using Cox regression analysis to identify patient populations that remain at risk. Tumor recurrence was noted in 18.4% (221/1201) patients. The annualized hazard of PTC recurrence was highest during the first 5 years (2.8%), peaking between 1 and 2 years (3.7%), with a second smaller peak between 13 and 14 years (3.2%). Patients receiving radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy had lower recurrence hazard compared to those who did not (1.5% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.0001). Importantly, this difference was significant even in intermediate-risk PTC patients (0.7% vs. 2.3%; p = 0.0001). Interestingly, patients aged ≥55 years and having lymph node metastasis were at persistent risk for late recurrence. In conclusion, we confirmed the validity of the double-peaked time-varying pattern for recurrence risk in Middle Eastern PTC patients and our findings could help in formulating individualized treatment and surveillance plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul K. Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.S.); (S.K.P.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Sandeep Kumar Parvathareddy
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.S.); (S.K.P.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Zeeshan Qadri
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.S.); (S.K.P.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Khawar Siddiqui
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saif S. Al-Sobhi
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khawla S. Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.S.); (S.K.P.); (Z.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-1-205-5167
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Ghartimagar D, Ghosh A, Shrestha MK, Thapa S, Talwar OP. Histopathological Spectrum of Non-Neoplastic and Neoplastic Lesions of Thyroid: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 58:856-861. [PMID: 34506431 PMCID: PMC7775000 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.5038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Thyroid gland lesions are the most common endocrine disorders encountered globally. Diseases of the thyroid gland present with either an alteration of hormone secretion or as an enlargement of the thyroid gland. The objective of the study is to find the frequency of different thyroid lesions. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara from Jan 2005 to Jan 2020. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Ref: 330). Patients who had undergone thyroidectomy procedures for both non-neoplastic and neoplastic thyroid lesions were enrolled. Convenient sampling was done. IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 and Microsoft Excel were used. Results: Out of 345 thyroidectomy specimens, 246 (71.3%) cases of non-neoplastic lesions, and 99 (28.69%) cases of neoplastic lesions were present. There were 54 males and 291 females with a male to female ratio of 1:5.4. The age ranged from 9 to 76 years with a mean age of 43.67 years. In non-neoplastic lesions, the predominant lesion was the colloid goiter with 205 (83.33%) cases followed by Grave's disease and lymphocytic thyroiditis with 14 (5.69%) cases each. In neoplastic lesions, papillary carcinoma was the commonest lesion with 56 (56.56%) cases followed by follicular carcinoma with 14 (14.14%) cases and follicular adenoma with 13 (13.13%) cases. There were also 9 (9.09%) cases of anaplastic carcinoma in neoplastic lesions. Conclusions: Colloid goiter and papillary carcinoma was the most commonly encountered non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesion with a female predominance. Rare tumors like anaplastic carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, and follicular carcinoma with anaplastic transformation were also encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Pathology, Manipal College of Medical Science, Pokhara, Nepal
| | | | - Sushma Thapa
- Department of Pathology, Manipal College of Medical Science, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Om Prakash Talwar
- Department of Pathology, Manipal College of Medical Science, Pokhara, Nepal
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Hoang VT, Trinh CT. A Review of the Pathology, Diagnosis and Management of Colloid Goitre. EUROPEAN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2020; 16:131-135. [PMID: 33117444 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2020.16.2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Colloid goitres are a common, benign lesion of the thyroid gland, that involve a diffuse or nodular pattern. An important feature of colloid goitre is the contained colloid material inside and the comet-tail artefacts, which show up on ultrasound. However, some cases of colloid goitre do not show a comet-tail sign and sometimes these artefacts need to be distinguished from microcalcifications in malignant lesions. This review discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, ultrasound features and management of colloid goitres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Trung Hoang
- Department of Radiology, Thien Hanh Hospital, Buon Ma Thuot, Vietnam
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Alqahtani WS, Almufareh NA, Domiaty DM, Albasher G, Alduwish MA, Alkhalaf H, Almuzzaini B, Al-Marshidy SS, Alfraihi R, Elasbali AM, Ahmed HG, Almutlaq BA. Epidemiology of cancer in Saudi Arabia thru 2010-2019: a systematic review with constrained meta-analysis. AIMS Public Health 2020; 7:679-696. [PMID: 32968686 PMCID: PMC7505779 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is emerging as a major global health-care system challenge with a growing burden worldwide. Due to the inconsistent cancer registry system in Saudi Arabia, the epidemiology of cancer is still dispersed in the country. Consequently, this review aimed to assemble the epidemiological metrics of cancer in Saudi Arabia in light of the available published data during the period from (2010–2019). Methods Published literature from Saudi Arabia relating to cancer incidence, prevalence, risk factors, and other epidemiological metrics were accessed through electronic search in Medline/PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, and public database that meet the inclusion criteria. Relevant keywords were used during the electronic search about different types of cancers in Saudi Arabia. No filters were used during the electronic searches. Data were pooled and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to assess the well-determined risk factors associated with different types of cancers. Results The most common cancers in Saudi Arabia are breast, colorectal, prostate, brain, lymphoma, kidney and thyroid outnumbering respectively. Their prevalence rates and OR (95%CI) as follow: breast cancer 53% and 0.93 (0.84–1.00); colon-rectal cancer (CRC) 50.9% and 1.2 (0.81–1.77); prostate cancer 42.6% and 3.2 (0.88–31.11); brain/Central Nervous System cancer 9.6% and 2.3 (0.01–4.2); Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 9.2% and 3.02 (1.48–6.17); kidney cancer 4.6% and 2.05 (1.61–2.61), and thyroid cancer 12.9% and 6.77 (2.34–19.53). Conclusion Within the diverse cancers reported from Saudi Arabia, the epidemiology of some cancers magnitude 3-fold in the latest years. This increase might be attributed to the changing in the Saudi population lifestyle (adopting western model), lack of cancer awareness, lack of screening & early detection programs, social barriers toward cancer investigations. Obesity, genetics, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco use, viral infection, and iodine & Vit-D deficiency represent the apparent cancer risk factors in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nawaf Abdulrahman Almufareh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preventive Dental Sciences, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Gadah Albasher
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Abduallah Alduwish
- Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, College of Science and Humanities, Biology Department, Alkarj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Alkhalaf
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Almuzzaini
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rgya Alfraihi
- Pharm B, Pharmacy Services, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical sciences, Jouf University, Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed
- College of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Histopathology and Cytology, FMLS, University of Khartoum, Sudan
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Aljabri KS, Bokhari SA, Al MA, Khan PM. An 18-year study of thyroid carcinoma in the western region of Saudi Arabia: a retrospective single-center study in a community hospital. Ann Saudi Med 2018; 38:336-343. [PMID: 30284988 PMCID: PMC6180217 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2018.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is the ninth most common site of all cancers in women in the world and the second most common malignancy in Saudi Arabia. This reports updates data on the epidemiology of the disease in Saudi Arabia. OBJECTIVE Describe and interpret changes in the frequency of TC to compare with other populations and determine proportions of certain histological types of TC. DESIGN Medical record review. SETTING Military hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed the pathological and clinical records from January 2000 to December 2017 of patients with TC. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Frequency and types of TC. SAMPLE SIZE 347 patients. RESULTS Over the 18-year period, out of 456 patients with TC, 347 patients had sufficiently complete records: 275 (79.3%) were female and 72 (20.7%) were male for a female to male ratio of 3.8:1. The mean (SD) age at surgery of all patients was 45.2 (16.0) years. There were 287 (82.7%) cases of papillary TC. The next common malignancy was follicular TC with 32 (9.2%) cases followed by Hurthle cell cancer with 11 (3.2%) cases. Lymphoma was found in only 7 (2%) cases. All TC types occurred at a younger age in females than males except for lymphoma. All TC types occurred with the greatest frequency in the fourth and fifth decades. There was a 2.3-fold increase in the number of TCs from 8 (2.3%) in 2000 to 26 (7.5%) in 2017. The rate per 100000 residents of Jeddah increased for the period from 2000 to 2002 from 1.6 to 3.4 for 2015-2017. Papillary TC cases in females accounted for most of the increase. CONCLUSION Our findings are consistent with similar studies worldwide. Etiological factors promoting the rise in TC must be investigated and may provide insight in developing suitable management strategies for the Saudi population. LIMITATION Small sample size and retrospective over a long period. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid S Aljabri
- Dr. Khalid S. Aljabri, Department of Endocrinology,, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital,, PO Box 6572, Jeddah 24361,, Saudi Arabia, T: +966-555-544919, khalidsaljabri@ yahoo.com, ORCID: http://orcid. org/0000-0001-5831-5935
| | | | - Muneera A Al
- Dr. Khalid S. Aljabri, Department of Endocrinology,, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital,, PO Box 6572, Jeddah 24361,, Saudi Arabia, T: +966-555-544919, khalidsaljabri@ yahoo.com, ORCID: http://orcid. org/0000-0001-5831-5935
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Albasri AM, Hussainy AS. Histopathological pattern of testicular diseases in western Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2018; 39:476-480. [PMID: 29738007 PMCID: PMC6118176 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2018.5.22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the histopathological pattern of testicular diseases among Saudi patients in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Methods This retrospective histopathology-based study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, from January 2006 to December 2017. The data collected were entered into MS-Excel and analyzed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences Version 19. Results Of the 199 testicular specimens received, 108 (54.3%) of the biopsies were taken for diagnostic test, while 91 (45.7%) were for therapeutic test. The male infertility was the only indication in the diagnostic group, accounting for 108 (54.3%) with a mean age of 28±7.9 years. Benign conditions of the testes were the most common indication in the therapeutic group accounting for 76 cases (38.2%), followed by 15 cases (7.5%) of testicular tumors. Hemorrhagic infarction from testicular torsion was the most common histologic patterns in benign testicular conditions group, accounting for 46 (23.2%) of the cases with a mean age of patients 32.1±8.1 years. Mixed non-seminomatous germ cell tumor was the most common primary tumor in 7 (3.5%) cases, followed by seminoma occurring in 5 (2.5%) cases. Mean ages for these patients were 33.7±8.1 years for primary tumor and 35.6±9.1 years for seminoma. Conclusions The pattern of testicular diseases on the basis of histopathology experience in the Madinah region appears to conform to world literature and KSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkader M Albasri
- Department of Pathology, Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Saeed MI, Hassan AA, Butt ME, Baniyaseen KA, Siddiqui MI, Bogari NM, Al-Allaf FA, Taher MM. Pattern of Thyroid Lesions in Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Analysis and Literature Review. J Clin Med Res 2017; 10:106-116. [PMID: 29317955 PMCID: PMC5755649 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3202w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ultrasonography (US) is being recognized as a traditional way of the diagnosis of various thyroid disorders, and this will help in detecting the thyroid tumors in early stage. Thyroid nodules are common and usually benign; steps to diagnose malignancy should include a careful clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, a thyroid US exam and a fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. Methods A total of 173 registered cases were used for analysis in this study. Diagnosis was made following US-guided FNA cytology (FNAC) and histopathological diagnosis; clinicopathological and demographic data of all such patients were obtained and analyzed for the present study. For statistical analysis, Statistical Package of Social Sciences v.22 (SPSS) was used. Results In the current study, 87.3% of patients were female, and 12.7% were male. The mean age of the patients was 43.35 years, 86.4% were Saudi nationals and there was no significant difference between age groups. Overall, the distribution of lesions in all age groups was 41.6% in the right lobe, 9.3% lesions were adenomatous, 71.1% were colloid, and 10.4% were lymphocytic. The final diagnosis of thyroid lesions was confirmed after histopathological examinations. Out of 173 cases, 12.6% (20 cases) of male patients and 87.4% (139 cases) of female patients had benign lesions, respectively. Only one male case was malignant, and seven cases were malignant in female group. Eighty percent of males and 77.7% females have colloid nodules, and 15% of males and 9.3% of females have adenomatous nodules. Four cases were non-diagnostic, one case was atypia in females, and one case was suspicious of malignancy in a male. Conclusions Most thyroid lesions in this study population were benign, while papillary carcinoma was the most common malignancy encountered. There was a marked female predominance in all types of thyroid diseases. The most common age group affected is 30 - 39 years. In Saudi Arabia, growing prevalence of thyroid cancer may be due to the increased screening using sensitive imaging in clinical practice, and ultrasonography is the most accurate and cost-effective method for detecting thyroid lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad I Saeed
- Department of Radiology, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Radiology, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Ali Hassan
- Division of Histopathology, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Ejaz Butt
- Division of Histopathology, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhammad I Siddiqui
- Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neda M Bogari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal A Al-Allaf
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.,Science and Technology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohiuddin M Taher
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.,Science and Technology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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Ukekwe FI, Olusina DB, Okere PCN. Patterns of Thyroid Cancers in Southeastern Nigeria: A 15 Year Histopathologic Review (2000-2014). J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:EC16-EC19. [PMID: 28969135 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26971.10418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thyroid Cancer (TC) continues to be the most common endocrine cancer with a worldwide increase in incidence over the last three decades. This trend has been reported in all continents except Africa, where detection is adjudged to be insufficient, making it imperative for us to re-evaluate the patterns in our environment. AIM To determine the patterns of TCs in Southeastern Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a 15-year retrospective review of all thyroidectomy specimens received at the Depart-ment of Morbid Anatomy, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria. The age, sex and histologic subtypes of diagnosed TCs were analysed using Predictive Analytics Software (PASW) Statistics for Windows, Version 18 (Chicago: SPSS Inc.) and the results were expressed in descriptive statistics. RESULTS Sixty one cases of TCs were identified in this study constituting 10.8% of thyroid biopsies received at our centre during the period under review. There were 51 (83.6%) females and 10 (16.4%) males giving a ratio of 5.1:1, and a mean age of 45.9 years. The commonest histologic type was Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) (42.6%), followed by; follicular thyroid carcinoma (37.7%), medullary thyroid carcinoma (4.9%), anaplastic carcinomas (3.3%), Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1.6%) and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (3.3%). Mixed papillary/ follicular carcinoma (4.9%) and mixed papillary/ anaplastic carcinoma (1.6%) were also identified. CONCLUSION TC continues to predominate amongst females, occurring mainly in early middle age group in Southeastern Nigeria. PTC is now the commonest histologic type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Ikechukwu Ukekwe
- Lecturer/Consultant, Department of Morbid Anatomy, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Bankole Olusina
- Senior Lecturer/Consultant, Department of Morbid Anatomy, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Philip C N Okere
- Senior Lecturer/Consultant, Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
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Khan MA, Malik N, Khan KH, Shahzad MF. Association of Preoperative Serum Thyroid-stimulating Hormone Levels with Thyroid Cancer in Patients with Nodular Thyroid Disease. World J Nucl Med 2017; 16:202-205. [PMID: 28670178 PMCID: PMC5460303 DOI: 10.4103/1450-1147.207277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to determine the frequency of carcinoma thyroid among patients presenting with goiter and its association with preoperative serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. A total of 73 (n = 73) adult patients of either gender with solitary solid cold nodule and multinodular goiter with predominant solid cold nodule were analyzed. All surgically resected samples were sent for histopathology. The frequency of thyroid cancer and its subtypes was noted and tested for association with preoperative serum TSH values. Thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 26% (n = 19) of the patients. In patients with thyroid cancer (n = 19), 73.7% (n = 14) were diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer and 26.3% (n = 5) were diagnosed with follicular thyroid cancer. Presence of thyroid cancer was found to be significantly associated with preoperative higher mean TSH values (P < 0.05). Higher preoperative serum TSH levels may be useful in predicting thyroid cancer in nodular thyroid disease. Further studies are recommended with different cutoff values of serum TSH and its association with the development and progression of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aleem Khan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Malik
- Department of Family Medicine, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Hakeem Khan
- Department of General Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem Shahzad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Awad SAS, Ashraf EM, Khaled AS, Salih BS, Yousef S, Abeer AS, Anna A. The epidemiology of thyroid diseases in the Arab world: A systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/jphe2015.0713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Khan MA, Khan KH, Shah SA, Mir KA, Khattak M, Shahzad MF. Risk Factors Associated with Thyroid Carcinoma in North Pakistan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:377-80. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.1.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Asif F, Ahmad MR, Majid A. Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer in Females Using a Logit Model in Lahore, Pakistan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:6243-7. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.15.6243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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