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Zhang Z, Yi J, Xie B, Chen J, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang J, Hou J, Wei H. Parkin, as a Regulator, Participates in Arsenic Trioxide-Triggered Mitophagy in HeLa Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2759-2771. [PMID: 35735630 PMCID: PMC9222214 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44060189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkin is a well-established synergistic mediator of mitophagy in dysfunctional mitochondria. Mitochondria are the main target of arsenic trioxide (ATO) cytotoxicity, and the effect of mitophagy on ATO action remains unclear. In this study, we used stable Parkin-expressing (YFP-Parkin) and Parkin loss-of-function mutant (Parkin C431S) HeLa cell models to ascertain whether Parkin-mediated mitophagy participates in ATO-induced apoptosis/cell death. Our data showed that the overexpression of Parkin significantly sensitized HeLa cells to ATO-initiated proliferation inhibition and apoptosis; however, the mutation of Parkin C431S significantly weakened this Parkin-mediated responsiveness. Our further investigation found that ATO significantly downregulated two fusion proteins (Mfn1/2) and upregulated fission-related protein (Drp1). Autophagy was also activated as evidenced by the formation of autophagic vacuoles and mitophagosomes, increased expression of PINK1, and recruitment of Parkin to impaired mitochondria followed by their degradation, accompanied by the increased transformation of LC3-I to LC3-II, increased expression of Beclin1 and decreased expression of P62 in YFP-Parkin HeLa cells. Enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation and autophagy indicated that mitophagy was activated. Furthermore, during the process of mitophagy, the overproduction of ROS implied that ROS might represent a key factor that initiates mitophagy following Parkin recruitment to mitochondria. In conclusion, our findings indicate that Parkin is critically involved in ATO-triggered mitophagy and functions as a potential antiproliferative target in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hulai Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Y.); (B.X.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
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Le S, Fu X, Pang M, Zhou Y, Yin G, Zhang J, Fan D. The Antioxidative Role of Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy as a Downstream Regulator of Oxidative Stress in Human Diseases. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221114178. [PMID: 36131551 PMCID: PMC9500268 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221114178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) plays an important role in regulating a variety of cellular functions by selectively degrading damaged or functional proteins in the cytoplasm. One of the cellular processes in which CMA participates is the oxidative stress response. Oxidative stress regulates CMA activity, while CMA protects cells from oxidative damage by degrading oxidized proteins and preventing the accumulation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Changes in CMA activity have been found in many human diseases, and oxidative stress is also involved. Therefore, understanding the interaction mechanism of ROS and CMA will provide new targets for disease treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of CMA in combatting oxidative stress during the development of different conditions, such as aging, neurodegeneration, liver diseases, infections, pulmonary disorders, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Le
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, 74626Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, 12644Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, 74626Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, 12644Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Maogui Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, 12644Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, 74626Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, 12644Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoqing Yin
- Department of Oncology, 572481Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, 572481Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, 74626Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, 12644Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Wang F, Zhang Z, Leung WT, Chen J, Yi J, Ying C, Yuan M, Wang M, Zhang N, Qiu X, Wang L, Wei H. Hydroxychloroquine reverses the drug resistance of leukemic K562/ADM cells by inhibiting autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3883-3892. [PMID: 31485616 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential metabolic pathway mediated by lysosomal degradation, which is involved in scavenging and recycling senescent or damaged organelles and biological macromolecules in eukaryotic cells. The present study explored the association between the autophagic activity and chemotherapy resistance of leukaemia cells, and the possibility of using autophagy inhibitors to combat leukemic drug resistance. It was found that the levels of basic autophagy in multidrug‑resistant leukaemia cells (K562/ADM) were significantly higher compared with sensitive cells (K562), and that Adriamycin (ADM) was capable of inducing autophagic activity in K562 and K562/ADM cells. K562 and K562/ADM cells were treated with a series of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) concentrations to inhibit cellular autophagy and detect cell sensitivity to ADM. The results demonstrated that the sensitivity of K562 cells to ADM was mildly enhanced by HCQ, and that the sensitivity of K562/ADM cells to ADM was markedly strengthened by HCQ. In addition, more typical morphological changes associated with apoptosis emerged, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl‑2 and activity of caspase‑3 were markedly increased in K562/ADM cells treated with HCQ. Notably, the expression of mdr1 mRNA and P‑glycoprotein (P‑gp) in drug‑resistant K562/ADM cells was upregulated along with increasing autophagic activity induced by ADM. Furthermore, HCQ significantly reduced the increase in P‑gp expression by inhibiting autophagic activity. Collectively, these findings indicated that the inhibition of autophagy significantly promoted the sensitivity of K562/ADM cells to ADM by facilitating apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy attenuated the expression of P‑gp; therefore, P‑gp may be involved in autophagic regulation in drug‑resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhewen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wing Ting Leung
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Minmin Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Mingyan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xuemin Qiu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Hulai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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Wang F, Chen J, Zhang Z, Yi J, Yuan M, Wang M, Zhang N, Qiu X, Wei H, Wang L. Differences of basic and induced autophagic activity between K562 and K562/ADM cells. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2017; 6:281-290. [PMID: 29259857 PMCID: PMC5735282 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2017.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often have a poor prognosis due to drug resistance, which is regarded as a tough problem during the period of clinical therapeutics. It has been reported that autophagy, an important event in various cellular processes, plays a crucial role in mediating drug-resistance to cancer cells. Our study attempts to comparatively investigate the differences of basic and induced autophagic activity between drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant AML cells. The level of basic autophagy in K562/ADM cells was higher than that in K562 cells, which could be characterized by more cytosolic contents-packaged autophagic vacuoles in K562/ADM cells when compared to that in K562 cells. The observation of MDC staining showed that the fluorescent intensity of autophagosomes in K562/ADM cells was stronger than that in K562 cells. The expression of Beclin1 and the ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I were distinctly higher in K562/ADM cells, however, P62 protein was relatively lower in K562/ADM cells. Furthermore, we found that nutrient depletion could induce autophagic activity of both cell lines. However, autophagic activity of K562/ADM cells was always maintained at a higher level in contrast with K562 cells. ADM (Adriamycin) was also capable of inducing autophagic activity of K562 and K562/ADM cells, but the autophagic alteration in K562 cells appeared earlier. Taken together, our findings suggest that autophagy exerts an important effect on formation and maintenance of drug-resistance in AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhewen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Juan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Minmin Yuan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyan Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemin Qiu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hulai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- Dr. Hulai Wei, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu Province, China. E-mail:
| | - Ling Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Ling Wang, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai 200011, China. E-mail:
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Tang Y, Wang XW, Liu ZH, Sun YM, Tang YX, Zhou DH. Chaperone-mediated autophagy substrate proteins in cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51970-51985. [PMID: 28881704 PMCID: PMC5584305 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
All intracellular proteins undergo continuous synthesis and degradation. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is necessary to maintain cellular homeostasis through turnover of cytosolic proteins (substrate proteins). This degradation involves a series of substrate proteins including both cancer promoters and suppressors. Since activating or inhibiting CMA pathway to treat cancer is still debated, targeting to the CMA substrate proteins provides a novel direction. We summarize the cancer-associated substrate proteins which are degraded by CMA. Consequently, CMA substrate proteins catalyze the glycolysis which contributes to the Warburg effect in cancer cells. The fact that the degradation of substrate proteins based on the CMA can be altered by posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation or acetylation. In conclusion, targeting to CMA substrate proteins develops into a new anticancer therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiong-Wen Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhan-Hua Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yun-Ming Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhoushan, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Yu-Xin Tang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhoushan, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Dai-Han Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Wang DW, Peng ZJ, Ren GF, Wang GX. The different roles of selective autophagic protein degradation in mammalian cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37098-116. [PMID: 26415220 PMCID: PMC4741918 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular pathway for bulk protein degradation and the removal of damaged organelles by lysosomes. Autophagy was previously thought to be unselective; however, studies have increasingly confirmed that autophagy-mediated protein degradation is highly regulated. Abnormal autophagic protein degradation has been associated with multiple human diseases such as cancer, neurological disability and cardiovascular disease; therefore, further elucidation of protein degradation by autophagy may be beneficial for protein-based clinical therapies. Macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) can both participate in selective protein degradation in mammalian cells, but the process is quite different in each case. Here, we summarize the various types of macroautophagy and CMA involved in determining protein degradation. For this summary, we divide the autophagic protein degradation pathways into four categories: the post-translational modification dependent and independent CMA pathways and the ubiquitin dependent and independent macroautophagy pathways, and describe how some non-canonical pathways and modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation and arginylation can influence protein degradation by the autophagy lysosome system (ALS). Finally, we comment on why autophagy can serve as either diagnostics or therapeutic targets in different human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen-ju Peng
- Medical Institute of Paediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-fang Ren
- Medical Institute of Paediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-xin Wang
- Medical Institute of Paediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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