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Zhu Y, Li J, Peng L, Meng L, Diao M, Jiang S, Li J, Xie N. High-yield production of protopanaxadiol from sugarcane molasses by metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:230. [PMID: 36335407 PMCID: PMC9636795 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenosides are Panax plant-derived triterpenoid with wide applications in cardiovascular protection and immunity-boosting. However, the saponins content of Panax plants is fairly low, making it time-consuming and unsustainable by direct extraction. Protopanaxadiol (PPD) is a common precursor of dammarane-type saponins, and its sufficient supply is necessary for the efficient synthesis of ginsenoside. Results In this study, a combinational strategy was used for the construction of an efficient yeast cell factory for PPD production. Firstly, a PPD-producing strain was successfully constructed by modular engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 at the multi-copy sites. Then, the INO2 gene, encoding a transcriptional activator of the phospholipid biosynthesis, was fine-tuned to promote the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proliferation and improve the catalytic efficiency of ER-localized enzymes. To increase the metabolic flux of PPD, dynamic control, based on a carbon-source regulated promoter PHXT1, was introduced to repress the competition of sterols. Furthermore, the global transcription factor UPC2-1 was introduced to sterol homeostasis and up-regulate the MVA pathway, and the resulting strain BY-V achieved a PPD production of 78.13 ± 0.38 mg/g DCW (563.60 ± 1.65 mg/L). Finally, sugarcane molasses was used as an inexpensive substrate for the first time in PPD synthesis. The PPD titers reached 1.55 ± 0.02 and 15.88 ± 0.65 g/L in shake flasks and a 5-L bioreactor, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, these results were new records on PPD production. Conclusion The high-level of PPD production in this study and the successful comprehensive utilization of low-cost carbon source -sugarcane molassesindicate that the constructed yeast cell factory is an excellent candidate strain for the production of high-value-added PPD and its derivativeswith great industrial potential. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01949-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhu
- grid.256609.e0000 0001 2254 5798College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004 China ,grid.418329.50000 0004 1774 8517State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Jianxiu Li
- grid.418329.50000 0004 1774 8517State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Longyun Peng
- grid.418329.50000 0004 1774 8517State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Lijun Meng
- grid.418329.50000 0004 1774 8517State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Mengxue Diao
- grid.418329.50000 0004 1774 8517State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007 China
| | - Shuiyuan Jiang
- grid.469559.20000 0000 9677 2830Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006 China
| | - Jianbin Li
- grid.256609.e0000 0001 2254 5798College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004 China
| | - Nengzhong Xie
- grid.418329.50000 0004 1774 8517State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007 China
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Lu Z, Liu H, Fu W, Wang Y, Geng J, Wang Y, Yu X, Wang Q, Xu H, Sui D. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition by promoting retinoid X receptor alpha in human colorectal carcinoma cells. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:14349-14365. [PMID: 33128348 PMCID: PMC7754066 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) recurrence is often accompanied by metastasis. Most metastasis undergo through epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Studies showed that retinol X receptor alpha (RXRα) and 20(S)‐Protopanaxadiol (PPD) have anti‐tumour effects. However, the anti‐metastasis effect of 20(S)‐PPD and the effect of RXRα on EMT‐induced metastasis are few studies on. Therefore, the role of RXRα and 20(S)‐PPD in CRC cell metastasis remains to be fully elucidated. RXRα with clinicopathological characteristics and EMT‐related expression in clinical samples were examined. Then, RXRα and EMT level in SW480 and SW620 cells, overexpressed and silenced RXRα in SW620 cells and SW480 cells, respectively, were evaluated. Finally, 20(S)‐PPD effect on SW620 and SW480 cells was evaluated. The results showed that a lower RXRα expression in cancer tissues, and a moderate negative correlation between RXRα and N stage, and tended to higher level of EMT. SW480 and SW620 cells had the highest and lowest RXRα expression among four CRC cell lines. SW480 had lower EMT level than SW620. Furthermore, 20(S)‐PPD increased RXRα and inhibited EMT level in SW620 cell. Finally, 20(S)‐PPD cannot restore SW480 cells EMT level to normal when RXRα silencing. These findings suggest that 20(S)‐PPD may inhibit EMT process in CRC cells by regulating RXRα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenwen Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianan Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaozhen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Gastrocolorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huali Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dayun Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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3
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Wang M, Li H, Liu W, Cao H, Hu X, Gao X, Xu F, Li Z, Hua H, Li D. Dammarane-type leads panaxadiol and protopanaxadiol for drug discovery: Biological activity and structural modification. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112087. [PMID: 32007667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Based on the definite therapeutic benefits, such as neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anticancer, anti-diabetic and so on, the Panax genus which contains many valuable plants, including ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), notoginseng (Panax notoginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.), attracts research focus. Actually, the biological and pharmacological effects of the Panax genus are mainly attributed to the abundant ginsenosides. However, the low membrane permeability and the gastrointestinal tract influence seriously limit the absorption and bioavailability of ginsenosides. The acid or base hydrolysates of ginsenosides, 20 (R,S)-panaxadiol and 20 (R,S)-protopanaxadiol showed improved bioavailability and diverse pharmacological activities. Moreover, relative stable skeletons and active hydroxyl group at C-3 position and other reactive sites are suitable for structural modification to improve biological activities. In this review, the pharmacological activities of panaxadiol, protopanaxadiol and their structurally modified derivatives are comprehensively summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Haonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Hao Cao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Xu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Fanxing Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Zhanlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Dahong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, And School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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4
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Yang L, Zou H, Gao Y, Luo J, Xie X, Meng W, Zhou H, Tan Z. Insights into gastrointestinal microbiota-generated ginsenoside metabolites and their bioactivities. Drug Metab Rev 2020; 52:125-138. [PMID: 31984805 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2020.1714645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbiota and host co-evolve into a complex 'super-organism,' and this relationship plays a vital role in many physiological processes, such as drug metabolism. Ginseng is an important medicinal resource and the main ingredients are ginsenosides, which are less polar, difficult to absorb, and have low bioavailability. However, studies have shown that the biological activity of ginsenosides such as compound K (CK), ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2), 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (20(S)-PPT), and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (20(S)-PPD) is closely related to the gastrointestinal microbiota. In this paper, the metabolic pathway of gastrointestinal microbiota-generated ginsenosides and the main pharmacological effects of these metabolites are discussed. Furthermore, our study provides a new insight into the discovery of novel drugs. Specifically, in new drug screening process, candidates with low biological activity and bioavailability should not be excluded. Because their metabolites may exhibit good pharmacological effects due to the involvement of the gastrointestinal microbiota. In addition, in further research studies to develop probiotics, a combination of agents could exert greater efficacy than single agents. Moreover, differences in lifestyle and diet lead to differences in the gastrointestinal microbiota in the human body. Therefore, administration of the same drug dose to different individuals could elicit different therapeutic effects, owing to the involvement of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Thus, treatment accuracy could be achieved by detecting the gastrointestinal microbiota before drug treatment.HighlightsGastrointestinal microbiota plays a decisive role in bioactivities of ginsenosides.The metabolic pathway and main pharmacological effects of ginsenoside metabolites are discussed.It provides new insights into novel drug discovery and further research to find probiotic, combinations to exert greater efficacy.Differences in lifestyle and diet, varies the gastrointestinal microbiota in the human body. However, the same dose of a drug producing different therapeutic effects may involve gastrointestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Hecun Zou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yongchao Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Junjia Luo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiaonv Xie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Wenhui Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhirong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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5
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Guo YH, Kuruganti R, Gao Y. Recent Advances in Ginsenosides as Potential Therapeutics Against Breast Cancer. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2334-2347. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191018100848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The dried root of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer or Panax quinquefolius L.) is a traditional
Chinese medicine widely used to manage cancer symptoms and chemotherapy side effects in
Asia. The anti-cancer efficacy of ginseng is attributed mainly to the presence of saponins, which are
commonly known as ginsenosides. Ginsenosides were first identified as key active ingredients in Panax
ginseng and subsequently found in Panax quinquefolius, both of the same genus. To review the recent
advances on anti-cancer effects of ginsenosides against breast cancer, we conducted a literature study of
scientific articles published from 2010 through 2018 to date by searching the major databases including
Pubmed, SciFinder, Science Direct, Springer, Google Scholar, and CNKI. A total of 50 articles authored
in either English or Chinese related to the anti-breast cancer activity of ginsenosides have been
reviewed, and the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies on ginsenosides are summarized. This review focuses
on how ginsenosides exert their anti-breast cancer activities through various mechanisms of action
such as modulation of cell growth, modulation of the cell cycle, modulation of cell death, inhibition of
angiogenesis, inhibition of metastasis, inhibition of multidrug resistance, and cancer immunemodulation.
In summary, recent advances in the evaluation of ginsenosides as therapeutic agents against
breast cancer support further pre-clinical and clinical studies to treat primary and metastatic breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-hang Guo
- International Ginseng Institute, School of Agriculture, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, United States
| | - Revathimadhubala Kuruganti
- International Ginseng Institute, School of Agriculture, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, United States
| | - Ying Gao
- International Ginseng Institute, School of Agriculture, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, United States
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6
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Peng B, He R, Xu Q, Yang Y, Hu Q, Hou H, Liu X, Li J. Ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol inhibits triple-negative breast cancer metastasis in vivo by targeting EGFR-mediated MAPK pathway. Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Kim JE, Jang IS, Sung BH, Kim SC, Lee JY. Rerouting of NADPH synthetic pathways for increased protopanaxadiol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15820. [PMID: 30361526 PMCID: PMC6202386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng (Panax ginseng) and its bioactive components, ginsenosides, are popular medicinal herbal products, exhibiting various pharmacological effects. Despite their advocated use for medication, the long cultivation periods of ginseng roots and their low ginsenoside content prevent mass production of this compound. Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered for production of protopanaxadiol (PPD), a type of aglycone characterizing ginsenoside. PPD-producing yeast cell factory was further engineered by obtaining a balance between enzyme expressions and altering cofactor availability. Different combinations of promoters (PGPD, PCCW12, and PADH2) were utilized to construct the PPD biosynthetic pathway. Rerouting the redox metabolism to improve NADPH availability in the engineered S. cerevisiae also increased PPD production. Combining these approaches resulted in more than an 11-fold increase in PPD titer over the initially constructed strain. The series of metabolic engineering strategies of this study provides a feasible approach for the microbial production of PPD and development of microbial platforms producing other industrially-relevant terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Eung Kim
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Jung-gu, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seung Jang
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Jung-gu, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hyun Sung
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju Young Lee
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 406-30, Jongga-ro, Jung-gu, Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea.
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Li X, Bau T, Bao H. FPOA induces apoptosis in HeLa human cervical cancer cells through a caspase-mediated pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8357-8362. [PMID: 29805569 PMCID: PMC5950026 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the triterpenoid 3-acetoxylanosta-8,24-dien-21-oic acid (FPOA) was extracted from Fomitopsis pinicola. The aim of the present was to elucidate the mechanism of action of FPOA in HeLa cervical cancer cells. Cell viability was examined using an MTT assay and the morphological detection of apoptosis was conducted using DAPI staining. The rate of apoptosis was examined via Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and the expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins were determined by western blot analysis. FPOA was observed to inhibit HeLa cell proliferation, with IC50 values of 25.28, 15.30 and 11.79 µg/ml at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Typical apoptotic bodies were observed in the HeLa cells following treatment with FPOA, as revealed by DAPI staining. The percentage of apoptotic cells was 3.00, 3.12, 6.18 and 32.28% following treatment with FPOA at concentrations of 0, 7.5, 15 and 30 µg/ml, respectively. Western blot analysis showed that caspase-3 and −9 were cleaved more frequently after treatment with FPOA. Furthermore, the expression of Bax was increased but Bcl-2 expression was decreased after treatment with FPOA. These results suggest that FPOA can induce HeLa cell apoptosis through a caspase-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Tolgor Bau
- Engineering Research Centre of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Bao
- Engineering Research Centre of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
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Liu DQ, Cheng ZQ, Feng QJ, Li HJ, Ye SF, Teng B. Polycaprolactone nanofibres loaded with 20( S)-protopanaxadiol for in vitro and in vivo anti-tumour activity study. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180137. [PMID: 29892448 PMCID: PMC5990777 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD)-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibres were successfully fabricated by the electrospinning technique using Tween 80 as a solubilizer. Firstly, smooth and continuous nanofibres were collected using suitable solvents and appropriate spinning conditions. Secondly, nanofibre mats were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mechanical testing. Finally, nanofibrous membranes were evaluated using water contact angle, in vitro drug release, biodegradation test, in vitro and in vivo anti-tumour activity and cell apoptosis assay. Scanning electron microscopic observations indicated that the diameter of the drug-loaded nanofibres increased with the increase of drug concentration. TG analysis and mechanical test showed that nanofibres were equipped with great thermal and mechanical properties. Biodegradation test exhibited that the structure of fabricated nanofibres had a certain degree of change after 15 days. An in vitro release study showed that PPD from drug-loaded nanofibres could be released in a sustained and prolonged mode. The cytotoxic effect of drug-loaded nanofibre mats examined on human laryngeal carcinoma cells (Hep-2 cells) demonstrated that the prepared nanofibres had a remarkable anti-tumour effect. Meanwhile, the drug-loaded fibre mats showed a super anti-tumour effect in an in vivo anti-tumour study. All in all, PCL nanofibres could be a potential carrier of PPD for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-qing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-qiang Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-jie Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - He-jie Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-feng Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Teng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
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10
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Liu DQ, Cheng ZQ, Feng QJ, Li HJ, Ye SF, Teng B. Polycaprolactone nanofibres loaded with 20( S)-protopanaxadiol for in vitro and in vivo anti-tumour activity study. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180137. [PMID: 29892448 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.bt010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD)-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibres were successfully fabricated by the electrospinning technique using Tween 80 as a solubilizer. Firstly, smooth and continuous nanofibres were collected using suitable solvents and appropriate spinning conditions. Secondly, nanofibre mats were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mechanical testing. Finally, nanofibrous membranes were evaluated using water contact angle, in vitro drug release, biodegradation test, in vitro and in vivo anti-tumour activity and cell apoptosis assay. Scanning electron microscopic observations indicated that the diameter of the drug-loaded nanofibres increased with the increase of drug concentration. TG analysis and mechanical test showed that nanofibres were equipped with great thermal and mechanical properties. Biodegradation test exhibited that the structure of fabricated nanofibres had a certain degree of change after 15 days. An in vitro release study showed that PPD from drug-loaded nanofibres could be released in a sustained and prolonged mode. The cytotoxic effect of drug-loaded nanofibre mats examined on human laryngeal carcinoma cells (Hep-2 cells) demonstrated that the prepared nanofibres had a remarkable anti-tumour effect. Meanwhile, the drug-loaded fibre mats showed a super anti-tumour effect in an in vivo anti-tumour study. All in all, PCL nanofibres could be a potential carrier of PPD for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Qing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Jie Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Jie Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Teng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
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Zhang H, Xu HL, Wang YC, Lu ZY, Yu XF, Sui DY. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol-Induced Apoptosis in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line through the Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041053. [PMID: 29614812 PMCID: PMC5979555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD) is one of the major active metabolites of ginseng. It has been reported that 20(S)-PPD shows a broad spectrum of antitumor effects. Our research study aims were to investigate whether apoptosis of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells could be induced by 20(S)-PPD by targeting the Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein kinase B/Mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signal pathway in vitro and in vivo. Cell cycle analysis was performed by Propidium Iodide (PI) staining. To overexpress and knock down the expression of mTOR, pcDNA3.1-mTOR and mTOR small interfering RNA (siRNA) transient transfection assays were used, respectively. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-test and Annexin V /PI double-staining after transfection. The antitumor effect in vivo was determined by the nude mice xenograft assay. After 24 h of incubation, treatment with 20(S)-PPD could upregulate phosphorylated-Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (p-PTEN) expression and downregulate PI3K/AKT/mTOR-pathway protein expression. Moreover, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells could be induced by 20(S)-PPD treatment at high concentrations. Furthermore, overexpression or knockdown of mTOR could inhibit or promote the apoptotic effects of 20(S)-PPD. In addition, tumor volumes were partially reduced by 20(S)-PPD at 100 mg/kg in a MCF-7 xenograft model. Immunohistochemical staining indicated a close relationship between the inhibition of tumor growth and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-mediated apoptosis may be one of the potential mechanisms of 20(S)-PPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- R&D Center, Guangzhou Ribobio Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China.
| | - Hua-Li Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Ze-Yuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Da-Yun Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Guo X, Lv J, Lu J, Fan L, Huang X, Hu L, Wang J, Shen X. Protopanaxadiol derivative DDPU improves behavior and cognitive deficit in AD mice involving regulation of both ER stress and autophagy. Neuropharmacology 2018; 130:77-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lu Z, Xu H, Yu X, Wang Y, Huang L, Jin X, Sui D. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol induces apoptosis in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells by downregulating the protein kinase B signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:1277-1284. [PMID: 29434714 PMCID: PMC5776618 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver tumor for children aged <5 years old. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD) is a ginsenoside extracted from Pananx quinquefolium L., which inhibits tumor growth in several cancer cell lines. The purpose of the present study was to assess the anticancer activities of 20(S)-PPD in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. The cytotoxicity of 20(S)-PPD on HepG2 cells was evaluated using an MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected using DAPI staining and flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-associated proteins was identified by western blotting. The results demonstrated that 20(S)-PPD inhibited the viability of HepG2 cell in a dose and time-dependent manner. The IC50 values were 81.35, 73.5, 48.79 µM at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Topical morphological changes of apoptotic body formation following 20(S)-PPD treatment were detected by DAPI staining. The percentage of Annexin V-fluoroscein isothyiocyanate positive cells were 3.73, 17.61, 23.44 and 65.43% in HepG2 cells treated with 0, 40, 50 and 60 µM of 20(S)-PPD, respectively. Furthermore, 20(S)-PPD upregulated the expression of Bax and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and also activated caspases-3 and −9, and Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase cleavage. In addition, 20(S)-PPD inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt; Ser473). The results indicate that 20(S)-PPD inhibits the viability of HepG2 cells and induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells by inhibiting the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Huali Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Long Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dayun Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Gan L, Wang ZH, Zhang H, Zhou X, Zhou H, Sun C, Si J, Zhou R, Ma CJ, Li J. Endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effect of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol on isolated rat thoracic aorta. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1555-1562. [PMID: 27616575 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Ginsenosides are considered to be the major pharmacologically active ginseng constituents, whereas 20(S)-protopanaxadiol [20(S)-PPD] is the active metabolite of ginsenosides in gut. In this study we investigated the effect of 20(S)-PPD on isolated rat thoracic aortas as well as its vasorelaxant mechanisms. METHODS Aortic rings with or without endothelium were prepared from Wistar rats and suspended in organ-chambers. The changes in tension of the preparations were recorded through isometric transducers connected to a data acquisition system. The aortic rings were precontracted with phenylephrine (PE, 1 μmol/L) or high-K+ (80 mmol/L). RESULTS Application of 20(S)-PPD (21.5-108.5 μmol/L) caused concentration-dependent vasodilation of endothelium-intact aortic rings precontracted with PE or high-K+, which resulted in the EC50 values of 90.4 or 46.5 μmol/L, respectively. The removal of endothelium had no effect on 20(S)-PPD-induced relaxation. The vasorelaxant effect of 20(S)-PPD was also not influenced by the preincubation with β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol, or with ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker glibenclamide, voltage-dependent K+ channel blocker 4-AP and inward rectifier K+ channel blocker BaCl2, whereas it was significantly attenuated by the preincubation with Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channel blocker TEA (1 mmol/L). Furthermore, the inhibition of NO synthesis, cGMP and prostacyclin pathways did not affect the vasorelaxant effect of 20(S)-PPD. In Ca2+-free solution, 20(S)-PPD (108.5 μmol/L) markedly decreased the extracellular Ca2+-induced contraction in aortic rings precontracted with PE or high-K+ and reduced PE-induced transient contraction. Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel antagonist nifedipine inhibited PE-induced contraction; further inhibition was observed after the application of receptor-operated Ca2+ channel inhibitor SK&F 96365 or 20(S)-PPD. CONCLUSION 20(S)-PPD induces vasorelaxation via an endothelium-independent pathway. The inhibition of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and receptor-operated Ca2+ channels and the activation of Ca2+-activated K+ channels are probably involved in the relaxation.
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Wang S, Xu H, Xin Y, Li M, Fu W, Wang Y, Lu Z, Yu X, Sui D. Neuroprotective effects of Kaempferide-7-O-(4″-O-acetylrhamnosyl)-3-O-rutinoside on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 788:335-342. [PMID: 27497882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we aim to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effect and the underlying mechanism of Kaempferide-7-O-(4″-O-acetylrhamnosyl)-3-O-rutinoside (A-F-B) against cerebral I/R injury. Adult male rats were pretreated with A-F-B by intragastric administration once a day for 3 days. One hour after the third day administration, animals were subjected to 2h of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24h of reperfusion. Neurological deficit, infarct volume, histopathological changes, oxidative stress-related biochemical parameters, neuronal apoptosis, apoptosis-related proteins and the expression of pro-inflammator cytokines genes were measured. A-F-B significantly decreased neurological and histological deficits, reduced the infarct volume, and decreased neuroapoptosis. Meanwhile, A-F-B inhibited the expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and promoted Bcl-2 expression. In addition, the expression of pro-inflammator cytokines, including phospho-NF-kBp65, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, were also suppressed by A-F-B pretreatment. Furthermore, pretreatment with A-F-B could significantly increase the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, but decrease the content of malondiadehyde in blood serum. These results suggest that A-F-B has the neuroprotective effect in ischemic stroke by suppressing neuroinflammation, reactive oxygen species and neuroapoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Huali Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Ying Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Maowei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Wenwen Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Zeyuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Dayun Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
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Li H, Wang Q, Dong L, Liu C, Sun Z, Gao L, Wang X. Morusin suppresses breast cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo through C/EBPβ and PPARγ mediated lipoapoptosis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:137. [PMID: 26538209 PMCID: PMC4634597 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most fatal malignant cancer among women, the conventional therapeutic modalities of it are limited. Morusin possesses cytotoxicity against some cancer cells in vitro. The purpose of this study is to test the growth inhibition effect of morusin on human breast cancer growth in vitro and in vivo and to explore the potential mechanism of its action. Methods The growth inhibition effect of morusin on human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo were tested by cell cytotoxicity, colony formation inhibition, adipogenic differentiation, apoptosis induction, and tumor growth inhibition in vivo assays. The potential molecular mechanisms underlying the growth inhibition effect of morusin on human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo were investigated with Western blotting evaluation of expression levels of transcription factors, C/EBPβ and PPARγ, adipogenic and apoptotic proteins in morusin treated breast cancer cells and tumor tissues. Results Morusin inhibited breast cancer cells growth in vitro and in vivo; it induced adipogenic differentiation, apoptosis and lipoapoptosis of cancer cells. Conclusions Morusin has the potential to inhibit human breast cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo through C/EBPβ and PPARγ mediated lipoapoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiaoping Wang
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lihua Dong
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chuanlan Liu
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiujie Wang
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Wang B, Yan YW, Zhou Q, Gui SY, Chen FH, Wang Y. A novel all-trans retinoid acid derivative induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:10819-24. [PMID: 25605183 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.24.10819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To explore the effect and probable mechanism of a synthetic retinoid 4-amino-2-tri-fluoromethyl- phenyl ester (ATPR) on apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT assays were performed to measure the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with different concentrations of all- trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and ATPR. Morphologic changes were observed by microscopy. The apoptosis rates and cell cycling of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with ATRA or ATPR were assessed using flow cytometry analysis. Expression of retinoic acid receptor and phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, p38 proteins were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Treatment of the cells with the addition of 15 μmol/L ATPR for 48 h clearly demonstrated reduced cell numbers and deformed cells, whereas no changes in the number and morphology were observed after treatment with ATRA. The apoptosis rate was 33.2% after breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells were treated by ATPR (15 μmol/L) whereas ATRA (15 μmol/L) had no apoptotic effect. ATPR inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 while ATRA had no significant effect. ATPR inhibited the expression of BiP and increased the expression of Chop at the protein level compared with control groups, ATRA and ATPR both decreased the protein expression of RXR α, ATPR reduced the protein expression of RARβ and RXRβ while ATRA did not decrease RARβ or RXRβ. CONCLUSIONS ATPR could induce apoptosis of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, possible mechanisms being binding to RARβ/RXRβ heterodimers, then activation of ER stress involving the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China E-mail : ,
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Fang S, Chen L, Yu M, Cheng B, Lin Y, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH, Gu Q, Xu J. Synthesis, antitumor activity, and mechanism of action of 6-acrylic phenethyl ester-2-pyranone derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:4714-26. [PMID: 25800703 PMCID: PMC4390547 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00007f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on the scaffolds of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) as well as bioactive lactone-containing compounds, 6-acrylic phenethyl ester-2-pyranone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated against five tumor cell lines (HeLa, C6, MCF-7, A549, and HSC-2). Most of the new derivatives exhibited moderate to potent cytotoxic activity. Moreover, HeLa cell lines showed higher sensitivity to these compounds. In particular, compound showed potent cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 0.50-3.45 μM) against the five cell lines. Further investigation on the mechanism of action showed that induced apoptosis, arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phases in HeLa cells, and inhibited migration through disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. In addition, ADMET properties were also calculated in silico, and compound showed good ADMET properties with good absorption, low hepatotoxicity, and good solubility, and thus, could easily be bound to carrier proteins, without inhibition of CYP2D6. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis indicated that compounds with ortho-substitution on the benzene ring exhibited obviously increased cytotoxic potency. This study indicated that compound is a promising compound as an antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Fang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Wang B, Pu Y, Xu B, Tao J, Wang Y, Zhang T, Wu P. Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System Improved Oral Bioavailability of 20( S)-Protopanaxadiol: From Preparation to Evaluation. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2015; 63:688-93. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yiqiong Pu
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Benliang Xu
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Jiansheng Tao
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Shanghai BioAsia Life Technology Co., Ltd
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Peiying Wu
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai Xingling Science and Technology Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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