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Curcio A, Rocca R, Alcaro S, Artese A. The Histone Deacetylase Family: Structural Features and Application of Combined Computational Methods. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:620. [PMID: 38794190 PMCID: PMC11124352 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are crucial in gene transcription, removing acetyl groups from histones. They also influence the deacetylation of non-histone proteins, contributing to the regulation of various biological processes. Thus, HDACs play pivotal roles in various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory conditions, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets. This paper reviews the structure and function of the four classes of human HDACs. While four HDAC inhibitors are currently available for treating hematological malignancies, numerous others are undergoing clinical trials. However, their non-selective toxicity necessitates ongoing research into safer and more efficient class-selective or isoform-selective inhibitors. Computational methods have aided the discovery of HDAC inhibitors with the desired potency and/or selectivity. These methods include ligand-based approaches, such as scaffold hopping, pharmacophore modeling, three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships, and structure-based virtual screening (molecular docking). Moreover, recent developments in the field of molecular dynamics simulations, combined with Poisson-Boltzmann/molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area techniques, have improved the prediction of ligand binding affinity. In this review, we delve into the ways in which these methods have contributed to designing and identifying HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Curcio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Campus “S. Venuta”, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.C.); (S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Roberta Rocca
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Campus “S. Venuta”, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.C.); (S.A.); (A.A.)
- Net4Science S.r.l., Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Campus “S. Venuta”, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.C.); (S.A.); (A.A.)
- Net4Science S.r.l., Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Artese
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Campus “S. Venuta”, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.C.); (S.A.); (A.A.)
- Net4Science S.r.l., Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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2
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Gao Y, Mao ND, Che H, Xu L, Bai R, Wang LW, Ye XY, Xie T. Novel hydroxyl carboximates derived from β-elemene: design, synthesis and anti-tumour activities evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2403-2416. [PMID: 36065895 PMCID: PMC9467605 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2117314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel N-alkyl-N-hydroxyl carboximates derived from β-elemene were fortuitously discovered. Most of them showed more potent anti-proliferative activities than their lead compound β-elemene (1). Notably, compound 11i exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of three lung cell lines (H1975, A549 and H460) and several other tumour cell lines (H1299, U87MG, MV4-11, and SU-DHL-2). Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that compound 11i could significantly induce cell apoptosis. Further in vivo study in the H460 xenograft mouse model validated the anti-tumour activities of 11i with a greater tumour growth inhibition (TGI, 68.3%) than β-elemene and SAHA (50.1% and 55.9% respectively) at 60 mg/kg ip dosing, without obvious body weight loss and toxicity. Thus, such N-alkyl-N-hydroxyl carboximate class of compounds exemplified as 11i demonstrated potent anticancer activities both in vitro and in vivo, and should warrant further investigation for potential anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medical, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nian-Dong Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Che
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medical, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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3
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The Role of Myrrh Metabolites in Cancer, Inflammation, and Wound Healing: Prospects for a Multi-Targeted Drug Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080944. [PMID: 36015092 PMCID: PMC9416713 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Myrrh extract is a well-known medicinal plant with significant therapeutic benefits attributed to the activity of its diverse metabolites. It has promising activity against cancer and inflammatory diseases, and could serve as a potential therapeutic alternative since most therapeutic agents have severe side effects that impair quality of life. Method: The current study identified the active metabolites from the myrrh resin methanolic extract. Then, the extracts were tested for in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity using cancer cell lines and Tamm-Horsfall Protein 1 (Thp-1)-like macrophage cell lines. Furthermore, using an in vivo rat model, the extracts’ anti-inflammatory and wound-healing activity was investigated. In addition, in silico predictions of the myrrh constituents highlighted the pharmacokinetic properties, molecular targets, and safety profile, including cytochrome P 450 (CYP) inhibition and organ toxicity. Results: Nine secondary metabolites were identified, and computational predictions suggested a good absorption profile, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing effects. The myrrh extract had moderate cytotoxic activity against both HL60 and K562 leukemia cell lines and the KAIMRC1 breast cancer cell line. Myrrh caused a dose-dependent effect on macrophages to increase the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, promote their polarization to classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2) phenotypes, and consequently induce apoptosis, highlighting its ability to modulate macrophage function, which could potentially aid in several desired therapeutic processes, including the resolution of inflammation, and autophagy which is an important aspect to consider in cancer treatment. The topical application of myrrh improved wound healing, with no delayed inflammatory response, and promoted complete re-epithelization of the skin, similar to the positive control. In conclusion, we provide evidence for the methanolic extract of myrrh having cytotoxic activity against cancer cells and anti-inflammatory wound-healing properties, which may be attributed to its role in modulating macrophage function. Furthermore, we suggest the active constituents responsible for these properties, which warrants further studies focusing on the precise roles of the active metabolites.
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Wang Z, Wang Z, Du C, Zhang Y, Tao B, Xian H. β-elemene affects angiogenesis of infantile hemangioma by regulating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha. J Nat Med 2021; 75:655-663. [PMID: 33861415 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign vascular tumor resulting from the hyper-proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. In treatment of various tumors including IH, β-elemene, a compound extracted from Rhizoma zedoariae, has been reported to have anti-tumor effect. However, the underlying mechanisms of β-elemene in hemangioma have remained uninvestigated. In this presented study, functional analysis showed that low concentrations of β-elemene promoted the proliferation, migration and tube formation of human hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs), while high concentrations of β-elemene produced inhibitory effects. Further, we also found that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression was down-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels, while hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1-α) was up-regulated in infantile hemangiomas tissues and HemECs at both mRNA and protein levels. This result suggested that ACE2 and HIF-1-α play roles in IH. ACE2 expression was down-regulated with the treatment of β-elemene at different dosage point. Interestingly, the expression of Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) increased with treatment of low concentrations of β-elemene in HemECs, in contrary, the expression of VEGFA expression decreased with treatment of high concentrations of β-elemene. Moreover, if the concentration of β-elemene reached 40 μg/ml or higher, the expression of HIF-1-α decreased. Taken together, our data indicated that the different effects of β-elemene on the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of hemangioma at different concentrations: The ACE2 signaling pathway dominates with treatment of low concentrations of β-elemene, stimulating the expression of downstream VEGFA to promote the angiogenesis of hemangioma; under the condition of high concentrations of β-elemene, the HIF-1-α signaling pathway inhibits the expression of VEGFA and further inhibits the angiogenesis of hemangioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Chenyu Du
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Baorui Tao
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Hua Xian
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Hu D, Gao J, Yang X, Liang Y. A Comprehensive Mini-Review of Curcumae Radix: Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211020628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumae Radix is an efficacious ingredient with various medicinal properties empirically used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for the treatment of cancer, depression, chest pain, dysmenorrhea, epilepsy, and jaundice. However, either phytochemical or pharmacological information of Curcumae Radix underlying its traditionally medicinal uses is rarely summarized and systematically analyzed. To provide evidence for clinical trials, a comprehensive literature review has been prepared of the phytochemicals, and ethnopharmacological and pharmacological mechanisms of this herb. The review approach consisted of searching several web-based scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Elsevier. The keywords included “Curcumae Radix,” “ Curcuma wenyujin,” “ Curcuma longa,” “ Curcuma kwangsiensis,” and “ Curcuma phaeocaulis.” Based on the proposed criteria, 57 articles were evaluated in detail. The accumulated data indicate that Curcumae Radix contains a number of bioactive phytochemicals, mainly sesquiterpenes, diarylheptanoids, and diarylpentanoids, which account for a variety of medicinal values, such as anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-hepatic fibrosis, and antioxidant. A wide range of apoptotic proteins, cell adhesion molecules, inflammatory cytokines, and enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants could be modulated by either Curcumae Radix or its bioactive compounds, thus underpinning a fundamental understanding for the pharmacological effects of this herb. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of Curcumae Radix to progress the development of versatile adjuvants or therapeutic agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Jiayu Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Ying Liang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Cai SZ, Xiong QW, Zhao LN, Ji YT, Luo ZX, Ma ZR. β-Elemene Triggers ROS-dependent Apoptosis in Glioblastoma Cells Through Suppressing STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:594299. [PMID: 34257541 PMCID: PMC8262204 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.594299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive primary brain tumors with few treatment strategies. β-Elemene is a sesquiterpene known to have broad spectrum antitumor activity against various cancers. However, the signaling pathways involved in β-elemene induced apoptosis of glioblastoma cells remains poorly understood. In this study, we reported that β-elemene exhibited antiproliferative activity on U87 and SHG-44 cells, and induced cell death through induction of apoptosis. Incubation of these cells with β-elemene led to the activation of caspase-3 and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Western blot assay showed that β-elemene suppressed phosphorylation of STAT3, and subsequently down-regulated the activation of p-JAK2 and p-Src. Moreover, pre-incubation of cells with ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly reversed β-elemene-mediated apoptosis effect and down-regulation of JAK2/Src-STAT3 signaling pathway. Overall, our findings implied that generation of ROS and suppression of STAT3 signaling pathway is critical for the apoptotic activity of β-elemene in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Zhong Cai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian-Wei Xiong
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Na Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology of Jiangsu Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ting Ji
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Xiang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhou-Rui Ma
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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7
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Abu-Izneid T, Rauf A, Shariati MA, Khalil AA, Imran M, Rebezov M, Uddin MS, Mahomoodally MF, Rengasamy KRR. Sesquiterpenes and their derivatives-natural anticancer compounds: An update. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105165. [PMID: 32835868 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpenes belong to the largest group of plant secondary metabolites, which consist of three isoprene building units. These compounds are widely distributed in various angiosperms, a few gymnosperms and bryophytes. Sesquiterpenes and their allied derivatives are bio-synthesized in various plant parts including leaves, fruits and roots. These plant-based metabolites are predominantly identified in the Asteraceae family, wherein up to 5000 complexes have been documented to date. Sesquiterpenes and their derivatives are characteristically associated with plant defence mechanisms owing to their antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral activities. Over the last two decades, these compounds have been reportedly demonstrated health promoting perspectives against a wide range of metabolic syndromes i.e. hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular complications, neural disorders, diabetes, and cancer. The high potential of sesquiterpenes and their derivatives against various cancers like breast, colon, bladder, pancreatic, prostate, cervical, brain, liver, blood, ovarium, bone, endometrial, oral, lung, eye, stomach and kidney are the object of this review. Predominantly, it recapitulates the literature elucidating sesquiterpenes and their derivatives while highlighting the mechanistic approaches associated with their potent anticancer activities such as modulating nuclear factor kappa (NF-kB) activity, inhibitory action against lipid peroxidation and retarding the production of reactive oxygen & nitrogen species (ROS&RNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Bionanotechnology Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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8
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Zhan W, Li H, Guo Y, Du G, Wu Y, Zhang D. Construction of Biocompatible Dual-Drug Loaded Complicated Nanoparticles for in vivo Improvement of Synergistic Chemotherapy in Esophageal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:622. [PMID: 32432038 PMCID: PMC7214620 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination chemotherapy is a routine treatment for esophageal cancer, but some shortcomings, such as drug toxicity and side effects, greatly limit the clinical application of combination therapy. To overcome these shortcomings, we have developed a mesoporous silica nanoparticle system that was used to load doxorubicin and β-elemene. β-elemene was encapsulated in the pore of mesoporous silica nanoparticle and doxorubicin was electrostatically adsorbed on the surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticle by hyaluronic acid to construct dual drugs synergistic nanoparticles (bMED NPs, ~77.15 nm). In vitro studies demonstrated that bMED NPs had a good treatment effect in esophageal cancer cell lines. In vivo fluorescence imaging results demonstrated that bMED NPs could accumulate in tumor sites and achieve in vivo long-term circulation and continuous drug release. In addition, bMED NPs exhibited significant antitumor effects in the esophageal cancer mouse model, which may provide a great platform for esophageal cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hanrui Li
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular & Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular & Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Getao Du
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular & Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yayan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dexin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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β-elemene suppresses the malignant behavior of esophageal cancer cells by regulating the phosphorylation of AKT. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151538. [PMID: 32183989 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is a digestive tract malignancy, ranking sixth among the world's deadliest tumor incidence. However, the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer is complex and the prognosis remains poor. Therefore, in-depth study of the pathogenesis and developing effective treatments are of great value for esophageal cancer. β-elemene is a natural monomeric compound derived from the Chinese herbal Curcuma wenyujin. β-elemene has been reported to have anti-tumor effects and used as an adjunct to clinical therapy for multiple cancers. This study aims to explore the effects of β-elemene on esophageal cancer and its related molecular mechanisms. METHODS TE-1 and KYSE-150 cells were used to evaluate the activity of β-elemene on esophageal cancerin vitro and in vivo. Western blot was performed for protein expression assessment. CCK8 assay and cell cycle analysis were used for proliferation testing. Flow cytometry was performed for apoptosis detection. Wound healing assay was subjected to assess the migration ability. Transwell chamber assay was applied to assess the invasion ability. HE staining, TUNEL staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate the changes in tumor tissues. RESULTS We found that β-elemene treatment suppressed proliferation, as well as induced apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells. In addition, β-elemene inhibited the migration and invasion ability of esophageal cancer cells. Furthermore, β-elemene exerted its effects against esophageal cancer by specifically regulating AKT signaling, thereby controlling the expression of PD-L1. CONCLUSION β-elemene inhibits proliferation and metastasis of esophageal cancer cells by regulating the phosphorylation of AKT.
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Cristofolini A, Merkis C, Fiorimanti M, Magnoli A, Caverzan M, Cavaglieri L. Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 modulates the apoptotic pathways in rat livers treated with aflatoxin B1. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2019.2472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to study the effect of probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 on the expression of apoptotic protein Bax, Bcl-2, DR4 and c-FLIP, in liver of rats exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Four treatments were applied to inbred male Wistar rats: uncontaminated feed control, S. cerevisiae RC016 control, contaminated feed with 100 μg/kg AFB1 and contaminated feed with 100 μg/kg AFB1 + daily oral dose 108 viable S. cerevisiae RC016 cells. Histological technique and high-resolution light microscopy (HRLM) were performed to the study of tissue morphology, the TUNEL assay was used to determine the apoptosis cellular and the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, DR4 and c-FLIP was determinate through immunohistochemistry. In liver the necrotic lesions observed with AFB1 treatment were reduced with the addition of yeast. The highest apoptotic index (IAp) was found in the yeast control, with AFB1 decrease significantly the IAp, while with the addition of yeast increase the IAp of liver cells. This was confirmed by HRLM. DR4 receptor was not present in any of the treatments. The immunolabeling of c-FLIP showed a statistically significant increase in the treatments with S. cerevisiae. The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis through the FAS-receptors would neither be active in the apoptotic process observed in rat livers in the treatments with yeast. Significant differences between proteins Bax and Bcl-2 and effect of treatments on the immunolabeling of Bax were determinate. The exposure to AFB1 decreased the IAp in the livers; while the addition of the yeast produced a significant statistically increase of IAp. In this study it was determined that the apoptosis in liver would be induced by the intrinsic pathway through Bax. These suggest that the incorporation of the autocrine strain S. cerevisiae RC016 increases the apoptosis in liver, counteracting the adverse effect of aflatoxin B1 and favouring the tissue remodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Cristofolini
- Área de Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Route 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C. Merkis
- Área de Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Route 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M. Fiorimanti
- Área de Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Route 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. Magnoli
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M. Caverzan
- Área de Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Route 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L. Cavaglieri
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico Químicas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Balavandi Z, Neshasteh-Riz A, Koosha F, Eynali S, Hoormand M, Shahidi M. The Use of ß-Elemene to Enhance Radio Sensitization of A375 Human Melanoma Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 21:419-425. [PMID: 31376323 PMCID: PMC6722453 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Melanoma is the most malignant and severe type of skin cancer. It is a tumor with a high risk of metastasis
and resistant to conventional treatment methods (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy). β-elemene is the most
active constituent of Curcuma wenyujin which is a non-cytotoxic antitumor drug, proved to be effective in different types
of cancers. The study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of β-elemene in combination with radiotherapy on
A375 human melanoma.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, human melanoma cells were grown in the monolayer culture
model. The procedure of the treatment was performed by the addition of different concentrations of β-elemene to the
cells. Then, the cells were exposed to 2 and 4 Gy X-ray in different incubation times (24, 48, and 72 hours). The MTT
assay was used for the determination of the cell viability. To study the rate of apoptosis response to treatments, the
Annexin V/PI assay was carried out.
Results The results of the MTT assay showed β-elemene reduced the cell proliferation in dose- and time-dependent
manners in cells exposed to radiation. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that β-elemene was effective in the induction
of apoptosis. Furthermore, the combination treatment with radiation remarkably decreased the cells proliferation ability
and also enhanced apoptosis. For example, cell viability in a group exposed to 40 µg/ml of β-elemene was 80%, but
combination treatment with 6 MV X beam at a dose of 2 Gy reduced the viability to 61%.
Conclusion Our results showed that β-elemene reduced the proliferation of human melanoma cancer cell through apoptosis.
Also, the results demonstrated that the radio sensitivity of A375 cell line was significantly enhanced by β-elemene. The findings
of this study indicated the efficiency of β-elemene in treating melanoma cells and the necessity for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Balavandi
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Radiation Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Neshasteh-Riz
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Radiation Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Electronic Address:
| | - Fereshteh Koosha
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Eynali
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Hoormand
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Shahidi
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Molecular targets of β-elemene, a herbal extract used in traditional Chinese medicine, and its potential role in cancer therapy: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108812. [PMID: 30965237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Elemene is a sesquiterpene compound extracted from the herb Curcuma Rhizoma and is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat several types of cancer, with no reported severe adverse effects. Recent studies, using in vitro and in vivo studies combined with molecular methods, have shown that β-elemene can inhibit cell proliferation, arrest the cell cycle, and induce cell apoptosis. Recent studies have identified the molecular targets of β-elemene that may have a role in cancer therapy. This review aims to discuss the anticancer potential of β-elemene through its actions on several molecular targets including kinase enzymes, transcription factors, growth factors and their receptors, and proteins. β-Elemene also regulates the expression of several key molecules that are involved in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin. Also, β-elemene has been shown to have regulatory effects on the immune response and increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemoradiotherapy and has shown effects on multidrug resistance (MDR) in malignancy. Recent studies have shown that β-elemene can induce autophagy, which prevents cancer cells from undergoing apoptosis. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms for the treatment effects on cancer of the herbal extract, β-elemene, which has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine, are now being studied and identified.
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Zhai B, Zeng Y, Zeng Z, Zhang N, Li C, Zeng Y, You Y, Wang S, Chen X, Sui X, Xie T. Drug delivery systems for elemene, its main active ingredient β-elemene, and its derivatives in cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6279-6296. [PMID: 30349250 PMCID: PMC6186893 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s174527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
β-elemene is a noncytotoxic Class II antitumor drug extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling. β-elemene exerts its effects by inhibiting cell proliferation, arresting the cell cycle, inducing cell apoptosis, exerting antiangiogenesis and antimetastasis effects, reversing multiple-drug resistance (MDR), and enhancing the immune system. Elemene injection and oral emulsion have been used to treat various tumors, including cancer of the lung, liver, brain, breast, ovary, gastric, prostate, and other tissues, for >20 years. The safety of both elemene injection and oral emulsion in the clinic has been discussed. Recently, the secondary development of β-elemene has attracted the attention of researchers and made great progress. On the one hand, studies have been carried out on liposome-based systems (including solid lipid nanoparticles [SLNs], nanostructured lipid carriers [NLCs], long-circulating liposomes, active targeting liposomes, and multidrug-loaded liposomes) and emulsion systems (including microemulsions, self-emulsion drug delivery systems [SEDDSs], and active targeting microemulsion) to solve the issues of poor solubility in water, low bioavailability, and severe phlebitis, as well as to improve antitumor efficacy. The pharmacokinetics of different drug delivery systems of β-elemene are also summarized. On the other hand, a number of highly active anticancer β-elemene derivatives have been obtained through modification of the structure of β-elemene. This review focuses on the two drug delivery systems and derivatives of β-elemene for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingtao Zhai
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiying Zeng
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- College of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaowu Zeng
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Nana Zhang
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Chenxi Li
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Yijun Zeng
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Yu You
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Xiabin Chen
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Tian Xie
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
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Li C, Jing H, Ma G, Liang P. Allicin induces apoptosis through activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in glioma cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5976-5981. [PMID: 29436625 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Allicin is an extract purified from Allium sativum (garlic), and previous research has indicated that Allicin has an inhibitory effect on many kinds of tumor cells. The aim of the present study was to explore the anticancer activity of Allicin on human glioma cells and investigate the underlying mechanism. MTT and colony-formation assays were performed to detect glioma cell proliferation, and explore the effect of Allicin at various doses and time-points. The apoptosis of glioma cells was measured by fluorescence microscopy with Hoechst 33258 staining, and then flow cytometry was used to analyzed changes in glioma cell apoptosis. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to detect the effect of Allicin on the expression levels of Fas/Fas ligand (FasL), caspase‑3, B‑cell lymphoma 2 and Bcl‑2‑associated X protein. Allicin suppressed the proliferation and colony formation ability of U251 cells in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. A cytotoxic effect of Allicin was observed in glioma cells in a dose‑dependent manner. Changes in nuclear morphology were observed in U251 cells with Hoechst 33258 staining. The activity of caspases were significantly elevated and Fas/FasL expression levels were increased following treatment with Allicin, at both the mRNA and protein level. These results demonstrated that Allicin suppresses proliferation and induces glioma cell apoptosis in vitro. Both intrinsic mitochondrial and extrinsic Fas/FasL‑mediated pathways react in glioma cell after treating with Allicin, which then activate major apoptotic cascades. These results implicate Allicin as a novel antitumor agent in treating glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hanguang Jing
- Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Guangtao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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15
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Wang L, Zhao Y, Wu Q, Guan Y, Wu X. Therapeutic effects of β-elemene via attenuation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in cervical cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4299-4306. [PMID: 29363722 PMCID: PMC5802201 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Concurrent radio chemotherapy treatment prolongs the survival rate of patients with advanced cervical cancer; however, it has adverse side-effects. β-elemene, an active component of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Curcuma zedoaria, is a promising alternative therapeutic drug for the treatment of advanced cervical cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor effects of β-elemene in human cervical cancer SiHa cells and to determine its underlying therapeutic molecular mechanisms. Cell viability, cell cycle progression and apoptosis were detected using an MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis. Furthermore, the levels of cell migration and cell invasion were investigated using Transwell and wound healing assays. The expression levels of Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (P15), Cyclin D1, cellular tumor antigen p53, apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (Bcl-2), apoptosis regulator BAX (Bax), 72 kDa type IV collagenase (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), β-catenin, transcription factor 7 (TCF7), and Myc proto-oncogene protein (c-Myc) were analyzed via western blotting. The results revealed that β-elemene inhibited the proliferation of SiHa cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. Administration of β-elemene induced G1 phase cell-cycle arrest, as demonstrated by the upregulation of P15 expression and the downregulation of Cyclin D1 expression. Furthermore, the present study revealed that β-elemene induced apoptosis in SiHa cells by enhancing the expression of p53 and Bax, and suppressing the expression of Bcl-2. In addition, treatment with β-elemene inhibited cell migration and invasion via downregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression levels. Western blotting demonstrated that β-elemene reduced the expression levels of β-catenin and its downstream target molecule TCF7, thus resulting in reduced levels of their target proteins, including c-Myc, Cyclin D1, Bax and MMP-2 in cervical cancer cells. The results of the present study suggested that β-elemene may inhibit cell proliferation and invasion, in addition to inducing apoptosis, via attenuation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Yifu Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
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16
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Ding L, Zhang G, Hou Y, Chen J, Yin Y. Elemene inhibits osteosarcoma growth by suppressing the renin‑angiotensin system signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1022-1030. [PMID: 29115494 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma remains the most prevalent primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults globally. Therefore, novel and highly effective antitumor agents are urgently required. Elemene is a natural plant compound extracted from the medicinal Chinese herb, Rhizomazedoariae, which has been employed as an antitumor agent for the treatment of a number of tumors, including osteosarcoma. However, the mechanisms underlying its antitumor effect are currently unclear. The human osteosarcoma cell lines, MG‑63 and U2OS, were employed in the present study. MTT, migration, transwell invasion and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase‑mediated deoxy‑UTP‑fluorescein nick end‑labeling assays were performed to evaluate cell viability, migration, invasion and apoptosis, respectively. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to measure the levels of renin‑angiotensin system (RAS) components. In order to evaluate the effect of elemene on tumor weight and volume, MG‑63 and U2OS cells were injected into mice. Treatment of osteosarcoma cell lines, MG‑63 and U2OS, with elemene led to the inhibition of cell viability, migration and invasion, as well as induction of cell apoptosis. In addition, elemene treatment downregulated the expression of a number of RAS components. The growth of osteosarcoma cell‑transplanted tumors in nude mice and angiotensin II expression were inhibited by elemene treatment. The results of the present study indicate that the antitumor effects of elemene may partly be due to downregulation of the RAS signaling pathway, and that RAS may be a putative pharmacological target for osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Ding
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Genai Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Yukun Yin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
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17
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Potential biological process of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in renal cell carcinoma based upon differential protein expression analysis. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:821-832. [PMID: 29403558 PMCID: PMC5780803 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is the best characterized member of the IAP family and is a potent inhibitor of the caspase/apoptosis pathway. It has also been revealed that XIAP has additional biological functions that rely on its direct inhibition of apoptosis. In the present study, stably transfected Caki-1 cells with XIAP-knockdown were generated, and an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation-based proteomics approach was employed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of XIAP in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The results demonstrate that the sensitivity of the RCC cell line to apoptotic stimulation increased markedly with XIAP-knockdown. A number of differentially expressed proteins were detected between the original Caki-1 cell line and the XIAP-knockdown Caki-1 cell line; 87 at 0 h (prior to etoposide treatment), 178 at 0.5 h and 169 at 3 h, while no differentially expressed proteins were detected (ratio >1.5 or <0.5; P<0.05) at 12 h after etoposide treatment. Through analysis of the differentially expressed proteins, it was revealed that XIAP may participate in the tumor protein p53 pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, glucose metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cytoskeletal regulation and DNA repair. These results indicate that XIAP may have a number of biological functions and may provide an insight into the biomedical significance of XIAP overexpression in RCC.
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18
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Fang Y, Kang Y, Zou H, Cheng X, Xie T, Shi L, Zhang H. β-elemene attenuates macrophage activation and proinflammatory factor production via crosstalk with Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Fitoterapia 2017; 124:92-102. [PMID: 29066299 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
β-elemene, extracted from Rhizoma zedoariae, has been widely used as a traditional medicine for its antitumor activity against a broad range of cancers. However, the effect of β-elemene in inflammation disorders has yet to be determined. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of β-elemene in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine macrophage cells RAW264.7. We found that the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), induced by LPS was significantly suppressed by β-elemene in a dose-dependent manner in RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. Also, β-elemene inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression by RAW264.7, which was related to the down-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Importantly, this study demonstrates that β-catenin was significantly inhibited by β-elemene, which appeared to be largely responsible for the down-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Accordingly, the deletion of β-catenin in primary macrophages reversed β-catenin-elicited inhibition of immune response. Furthermore, β-catenin expression and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway induced by LPS in RAW264.7 was also significantly inhibited by α-humulene, one isomeric sesquiterpene of β-elemene. α-humulene was also found to significantly inhibit LPS-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines. However, α-humulene showed more cytotoxic ability than β-elemene. Collectively, our data illustrated that β-elemene exerted a potent inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory meditator and cytokines production via the inactivation of β-catenin, and also demonstrated the protective functions of β-elemene in endotoxin-induced inflammation. β-elemene may serve as potential nontoxic modulatory agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Basical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhua Kang
- Key Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Basical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Zou
- Key Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Basical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaxuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Basical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Institute of Holistic Integrative Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Holistic Integrative Oncology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Basical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Basical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Holistic Integrative Oncology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Liu Y, Jiang ZY, Zhou YL, Qiu HH, Wang G, Luo Y, Liu JB, Liu XW, Bu WQ, Song J, Cui L, Jia XB, Feng L. β-elemene regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress to induce the apoptosis of NSCLC cells through PERK/IRE1α/ATF6 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:490-497. [PMID: 28672279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs) has been regarded as an important cause for the pathogenesis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). β-elemene is an active component in the essential oil extracted from a medicinal herb, Curcuma wenyujin, and has been reported to be effective against non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the potential effect and underlying mechanisms of β-elemene on regulating ERs to inhibit NSCLC are still unclear. In the present study, A549 cells and Lewis tumor-bearing C57BL/6J mice were established to evaluate this effect. Visualsonics Vevo 2100 Small Animal Dedicated High-frequency Color Ultrasound was performed to observe tumor volume in vivo. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was used to evaluate cell vitality of A549 cells. Furthermore, western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) were applied to detect the ERs-related proteins. Flow cytometry was also applied to detect cell apoptosis and assay kit for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Our results showed that β-elemene inhibited lung cancer tumor growth and cell vitality in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Not only that, β-elemene could up-regulate ERs-related proteins like PERK, IRE1α, ATF6, ATF4, CHOP and down-regulate the Bcl-2 expression. More importantly, ERs inhibitor 4-PBA, IRE1α inhibitor STF-083010, ATF6 inhibitor Anti-ATF6 and PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 can all reduce the amplitude of protein expression changes and apoptosis rates, then weaken the anti-tumor effect of β-elemene. Therefore, the present in vivo and in vitro study revealed that the anti-NSCLC effect of β-elemene is closely related to the activation of ERs through PERK/IRE1α/ATF6 pathway, and this might be beneficial for clinical therapy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Hefei 230038, PR China
| | - Zi-Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Yuan-Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Hui-Hui Qiu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Hefei 230038, PR China
| | - Yi Luo
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Jing-Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Xiong-Wei Liu
- The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical Collage, Jiangyin 214400, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei-Quan Bu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Xiao-Bin Jia
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing 210028, PR China.
| | - Liang Feng
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Nanjing 210028, PR China.
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Jiang Y, Wang X, Hu D. Furanodienone induces G0/G1 arrest and causes apoptosis via the ROS/MAPKs-mediated caspase-dependent pathway in human colorectal cancer cells: a study in vitro and in vivo. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2815. [PMID: 28542135 PMCID: PMC5520734 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Furanodienone, a major bioactive constituents of sesquiterpene derived from Rhizoma Curcumae, has been proven to possess the potent anticancer efficacy on human breast cancer cells. Here, we investigated the cytotoxicity of furanodienone on human colorectal carcinoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo, as well as its underlying molecular mechanisms in the induction of apoptosis. In this study, we found that furanodienone significantly inhibited proliferation of RKO and HT-29 cells, induced mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by collapse of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and reduction of ATP level, and promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that functions upstream of caspase-dependent apoptosis. The antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine, a ROS scavenger, abolished this apoptosis induced by furanodienone. In addition, furanodienone elevated the expression of p-p38, p-JNK, but decreased p-ERK, as a result of the produced ROS. The specific inhibitors U0126, SP600125 and SB202190 attenuated the expression of MAPKs, and regulated the expression of cleaved caspase-8, -9 and -3. Furthermore, the potential inhibitory effect of furanodienone on CRC cells was also corroborated in mouse xenograft model. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that furanodienone-triggered ROS plays a pivotal role in apoptosis as an upstream molecule-modulating activity of caspases in mitochondrial pathway via stimulating MAPKs signaling pathway. Our finding may provide a novel candidate for development of antitumor drugs targeting on colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Daode Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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21
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Huang C, Yu Y. Synergistic Cytotoxicity of β-Elemene and Cisplatin in Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Inhibition of STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:1507-1513. [PMID: 28355175 PMCID: PMC5383012 DOI: 10.12659/msm.903783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cisplatin remains one of the most active agents and is the mainstay of combination chemotherapy regimens against gingival squamous cell carcinoma. However, the efficacy of cisplatin is limited by its high toxicity and the development of drug resistance. β-elemene, isolated from the Chinese herb Rhizoma zedoariahas, is highly effective against malignancies and has low toxicity, but the development of β-elemene sensitizing chemotherapy in targeting the STAT3 signaling pathway remains unexplored in gingival squamous cell carcinoma. The present study was conducted to assess the chemosensitizing effects of β-elemene for enhancing the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in gingival squamous cell carcinoma. Material/Methods The gingival squamous cell carcinoma YD-38 cell line was used. MTT assay, clonogenic assay, annexin V/PI apoptosis assay, Western blot analysis, and xenograft model treatment were carried out in vitro and in vivo. Results β-elemene significantly enhanced proliferative inhibition and cisplatin induced apoptosis in gingival squamous cell carcinoma. Cisplatin combined with β-elemene decreased the expressions of p-STAT3, p-JAK2, and Bcl-2, and increased the expressions of Bax and caspase-3 significantly compared to cisplatin only treatment, as well as in the xenograft model. Conclusions The results indicated that β-elemene promoted the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effect of cisplatin by inhibiting STAT3 and blocking the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in GSCC in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yufeng Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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22
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Jiang Z, Jacob JA, Loganathachetti DS, Nainangu P, Chen B. β-Elemene: Mechanistic Studies on Cancer Cell Interaction and Its Chemosensitization Effect. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:105. [PMID: 28337141 PMCID: PMC5343065 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, screening and identifying novel compounds for their biomedical applications has become an upcoming area of research. Identifying the molecular mechanisms of these compounds has become an integral part of anticancer research. β-elemene, a sesquiterpene, is renowned for its anticancer activity against a variety of cell lines. Recent studies on β-elemene have elucidated that it possesses anti-proliferative effect on cancer cells by creating an apoptotic trigger. Interestingly, it also induces protective autophagy in some cancerous cell lines and is less cytotoxic compared to other widely accepted chemotherapeutic agents. This provides an edge with the perception of limited toxicity to normal cells. This mini-review precisely focuses on the studies performed to identify the mechanism of anticancer activity of β-elemene against cancer cells of multiple origin. In accordance to the evaluation made by the studies mentioned, apoptosis has been identified to be most possible reason behind anticancer activity exerted by β-elemene against a variety of cancer cell lines. Cell cycle arrest and necrosis have been credited to be possible alternate mechanisms for the anticancer effect of β-elemene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Jiang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Joe A Jacob
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University Nanjing, China
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Huang J, Wang L, Jiang M, Chen Q, Zhang X, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Zhang Z. Low BIK outside-inside-out interactive inflammation immune-induced transcription-dependent apoptosis through FUT3-PMM2-SQSTM1-SFN-ZNF384. Immunol Res 2016; 64:461-9. [PMID: 26423071 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Eighteen different Pearson mutual-positive-correlation BIK-activatory molecular feedback upstream and downstream networks were constructed from 79 overlapping of 376 GRNInfer and 98 Pearson under BIK CC ≥ 0.25 in low normal adjacent tissues of Taiwan compared with high lung adenocarcinoma. Our identified BIK interactive total feedback molecular network showed FUT3 [fucosyltransferase 3 (galactoside 3(4)-L-fucosyltransferase Lewis blood group)], PMM2 (phosphomannomutase 2), SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1), SFN_2 [REX2 RNA exonuclease 2 homolog (S. cerevisiae)] and ZNF384 (zinc finger protein 384) in low normal adjacent tissues of lung adenocarcinoma. BIK interactive total feedback terms included mitochondrial envelope, endomembrane system, integral to membrane, Golgi apparatus, cytoplasm, nucleus, cytosol, intracellular signaling cascade, mitochondrion, extracellular space, inflammation, immune response, apoptosis, cell differentiation, cell cycle, regulation of cell cycle, cell proliferation, estrogen-responsive protein Efp controls cell cycle and breast tumors growth, induction or regulation of apoptosis based on integrative GO, KEGG, GenMAPP, BioCarta and disease databases in low normal adjacent tissues of lung adenocarcinoma. Therefore, we propose low BIK outside-inside-out interactive inflammation immune-induced transcription-dependent apoptosis through FUT3-PMM2-SQSTM1-SFN-ZNF384 in normal adjacent tissues of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxiang Huang
- Biomedical Center, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Biomedical Center, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China.
| | - Minghu Jiang
- Lab of Computational Linguistics, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qingchun Chen
- Biomedical Center, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Biomedical Center, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Yangming Wang
- Biomedical Center, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Zhenfu Jiang
- Biomedical Center, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Zhongjie Zhang
- College of Information, North China University of Technology, Beijing, 100043, China
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Feng H, Wang J, Jiang H, Mei X, Zhao Y, Chen F, Qu Y, Sai K, Guo C, Yang Q, Zhang Z, Chen Z. β-Elemene Selectively Inhibits the Proliferation of Glioma Stem-Like Cells Through the Downregulation of Notch1. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:830-839. [PMID: 28297578 PMCID: PMC5442766 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most frequent primary central nervous system tumor. Although the current first-line medicine, temozolomide (TMZ), promotes patient survival, drug resistance develops easily. Thus, it is important to investigate novel therapeutic reagents to solidify the treatment effect. β-Elemene (bELE) is a compound from a Chinese herb whose anticancer effect has been shown in various types of cancer. However, its role in the inhibition of glioma stem-like cells (GSLCs) has not yet been reported. We studied both the in vitro and the in vivo inhibitory effect of bELE and TMZ in GSLCs and parental cells and their combined effects. The molecular mechanisms were also investigated. We also optimized the delivery methods of bELE. We found that bELE selectively inhibits the proliferation and sphere formation of GSLCs, other than parental glioma cells, and TMZ exerts its effects on parental cells instead of GSLCs. The in vivo data confirmed that the combination of bELE and TMZ worked better in the xenografts of GSLCs, mimicking the situation of tumorigenesis of human cancer. Notch1 was downregulated with bELE treatment. Our data also demonstrated that the continuous administration of bELE produces an ideal effect to control tumor progression. Our findings have demonstrated, for the first time, that bELE could compensate for TMZ to kill both GSLCs and nonstem-like cancer cells, probably improving the prognosis of glioma patients tremendously. Notch1 might be a downstream target of bELE. Therefore, our data shed light on improving the outcomes of glioma patients by combining bELE and TMZ. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:830-839.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐bin Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nongken Central Hospital of Guangdong, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao‐ran Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou First People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi‐ying Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu‐rong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Sai
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng‐cheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun‐ying Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zong‐ping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nongken Central Hospital of Guangdong, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong‐ping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Ji WB, Liu X, Luo Y, Zhang WZ. High expression of miR-15b predicts poor prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma after curative hepatectomy. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1901-8. [PMID: 27499071 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the role and mechanism of miR-15b in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative hepatectomy. Tissue samples from 13 patients with HCC who were operated on at the Chinese PLA General Hospital from March 2014 to May 2014 were collected. A consecutive 156 untreated patients with HCC who received curative hepatectomy at the Chinese PLA General Hospital (Beijing, China) from May 2008 to March 2009 were enrolled, and their corresponding para-tumoral and normal tissue samples were acquired. Subsequently, anti-miR-15b (inhibitor) was transfected into human HCC HepG2 cells. It was observed that high expression of miR-15b promoted cell proliferation of the HCC cells, while low expression of miR-15b suppressed cell growth and induced the apoptosis of HepG2 cells. It was found that overall survival of the patients with low miR-15b was increased, compared with the overall survival of the patients with high miR-15b expression. In addition, low expression of miR-15b suppressed the growth of HepG2 cells by suppression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), TβRI and Smad2 protein expression. Meanwhile, low expression of miR-15b significantly activated Bax protein expression and caspase-3 activity in the HepG2 cells. The study results revealed that high expression of miR-15b could predict the poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative hepatectomy through TGF-β/TβRI-Smad2-cyclin D1/Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Postgraduate Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Postgraduate Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Postgraduate Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Postgraduate Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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26
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Mu L, Wang T, Chen Y, Tang X, Yuan Y, Zhao Y. β-Elemene enhances the efficacy of gefitinib on glioblastoma multiforme cells through the inhibition of the EGFR signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1427-36. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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27
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Sun P, Wang L, Lu Y, Liu Y, Li L, Yin L, Zhang C, Zhao W, Shen B, Xu W. MicroRNA-195 targets VEGFR2 and has a tumor suppressive role in ACHN cells via PI3K/Akt and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1155-63. [PMID: 27572273 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that dysregulation of miR-195 may contribute to the occurrence and development of multiple types of human malignancies. However, the function and the mechanism of miR-195 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are still not fully understood. In the present study, we used qRT-PCR to detect the expression of miR-195 in ccRCC tissues and normal kidney tissues. MTT assay was performed to detect the cell viability of miR-195. Migration and invasion were evaluated by Transwell migration and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively. Additionally, apoptosis levels were evaluated using TUNEL assays, and signaling pathway changes were determined by western blot analysis. We observed that miR-195 was downregulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma samples compared with normal renal samples. We identified that overexpression of miR-195 inhibited ACHN cell viability, migration, invasion, and it also induced cell apoptosis by targeting VEGFR2 via PI3K/Akt and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways. These findings indicate that miR-195 has a tumor suppressive role in ACHN cells and miR-195 may be a promising candidate target for prevention and treatment of renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Sun
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yunhan Lu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Lechen Li
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Luyao Yin
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Baozhong Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Wanhai Xu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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28
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Chen XJ, Wu MY, Li DH, You J. Apigenin inhibits glioma cell growth through promoting microRNA-16 and suppression of BCL-2 and nuclear factor-κB/MMP‑9. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2352-8. [PMID: 27430517 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of apigenin on glioma cells and to explore its potential mechanism. U87 human glioma cells treated with apigenin were used in the current study. Cell Counting Kit‑8 solution and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide Apoptosis Detection kit were used to analyze the effect of apigenin on U87 cell viability and apoptotic cell death. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was also used to determine microRNA‑16 (miR‑16) and MMP‑9 gene expression levels. Nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) and B‑cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) protein expression levels were determined using western blot analysis. An anti‑miR‑16 plasmid was constructed and transfected into U87 cells. The current study demonstrated that apigenin significantly decreased cell viability and induced apoptotic cell death of U87 cells in a dose‑dependent manner. Additionally, it was demonstrated that apigenin significantly increased miR‑16 levels, suppressed BCL2 protein expression and suppressed the NF‑κB/MMP9 signaling pathway in U87 cells. Furthermore, downregulation of miR‑16 using the anti‑miR‑16 plasmid reversed the effect of apigenin on cell viability, BCL2 protein expression and the NF‑κB/MMP‑9 pathway in U87 cells. The results of the present study suggested that apigenin inhibits glioma cell growth through promoting miR‑16 and suppression of BCL2 and NF-κB/MMP-9. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the potential anticancer effects of apigenin on glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Mian-Yun Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Deng-Hui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jin You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Bayram S, Kizilay G, Topcu-Tarladacalisir Y. Evaluation of the Fas/FasL signaling pathway in diabetic rat testis. Biotech Histochem 2016; 91:204-11. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1129556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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