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Dai X, Zhang X, Chen W, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Mo S, Lu J. Dihydroartemisinin: A Potential Natural Anticancer Drug. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:603-622. [PMID: 33613116 PMCID: PMC7893584 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.50364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is an active metabolite of artemisinin and its derivatives (ARTs), and it is an effective clinical drug widely used to treat malaria. Recently, the anticancer activity of DHA has attracted increasing attention. Nevertheless, there is no systematic summary on the anticancer effects of DHA. Notably, studies have shown that DHA exerts anticancer effects through various molecular mechanisms, such as inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting tumor metastasis and angiogenesis, promoting immune function, inducing autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the latest progress regarding the anticancer activities of DHA in cancer. Importantly, the underlying anticancer molecular mechanisms and pharmacological effects of DHA in vitro and in vivo are the focus of our attention. Interestingly, new methods to improve the solubility and bioavailability of DHA are discussed, which greatly enhance its anticancer efficacy. Remarkably, DHA has synergistic anti-tumor effects with a variety of clinical drugs, and preclinical and clinical studies provide stronger evidence of its anticancer potential. Moreover, this article also gives suggestions for further research on the anticancer effects of DHA. Thus, we hope to provide a strong theoretical support for DHA as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuo Dai
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Yihuan Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Qiushuang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Saijun Mo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, PR China
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2
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Liu M, Liu X, Liu S, Xiao F, Guo E, Qin X, Wu L, Liang Q, Liang Z, Li K, Zhang D, Yang Y, Luo X, Lei L, Tan JHJ, Yin F, Zeng X. Big Data-Based Identification of Multi-Gene Prognostic Signatures in Liver Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:847. [PMID: 32547951 PMCID: PMC7270198 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous identification of multiple single genes and multi-gene prognostic signatures with higher efficacy in liver cancer has rarely been reported. Here, 1,173 genes potentially related to the liver cancer prognosis were mined with Coremine, and the gene expression and survival data in 370 samples for overall survival (OS) and 319 samples for disease-free survival (DFS) were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Numerous survival analyses results revealed that 39 genes and 28 genes significantly associated with DFS and OS in liver cancer, including 18 and 12 novel genes that have not been systematically reported in relation to the liver cancer prognosis, respectively. Next, totally 9,139 three-gene combinations (including 816 constructed by 18 novel genes) for predicting DFS and 3,276 three-gene combinations (including 220 constructed by 12 novel genes) for predicting OS were constructed based on the above genes, and the top 15 of these four parts three-gene combinations were selected and shown. Moreover, a huge difference between high and low expression group of these three-gene combination was detected, with median survival difference of DFS up to 65.01 months, and of OS up to 83.57 months. The high or low expression group of these three-gene combinations can predict the longest prognosis of DFS and OS is 71.91 months and 102.66 months, and the shortest is 6.24 months and 13.96 months. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry reconfirmed that three genes F2, GOT2, and TRPV1 contained in one of the above combinations, are significantly dysregulated in liver cancer tissues, low expression of F2, GOT2, and TRPV1 is associated with poor prognosis in liver cancer. Overall, we discovered a few novel single genes and multi-gene combinations biomarkers that are closely related to the long-term prognosis of liver cancer, and they can be potential therapeutic targets for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiliang Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-Related Disease of Chinese Ministry of Education, Centre for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shun Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Feifei Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Erna Guo
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,School of International Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoling Qin
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liuyu Wu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuli Liang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zerui Liang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kehua Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xingxi Luo
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Lei
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jennifer Hui Juan Tan
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fuqiang Yin
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zeng
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
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Wainer Z, Wright GM, Gough K, Daniels MG, Russell PA, Choong P, Conron M, Ball D, Solomon B. Sex-Dependent Staging in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer; Analysis of the Effect of Sex Differences in the Eighth Edition of the Tumor, Node, Metastases Staging System. Clin Lung Cancer 2018; 19:e933-e944. [PMID: 30206043 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has disproportionately negative outcomes in men compared with women. The importance of the relationship between sex and tumor, node, metastases (TNM) staging system remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sex on NSCLC survival for each stage in the eighth edition of the TNM staging system in NSCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two cohorts treated surgically with curative intent between 2000 and 2010 were analyzed. The primary cohort was from Australia with a second population set from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Univariate and multivariate analyses of putative and validated prognostic factors were undertaken to investigate sex-dependent prognostication with detailed analyses of sex differences in each TNM stage. The primary outcome was disease-specific survival (DSS) at 5 years. RESULTS Inclusion criteria were met by 555 patients in the Australian cohort, 335 men (60.4%) and 220 (39.6%) women; and 47,706 patients from the SEER cohort, 24,671 men (51.7%) and 23,035 women (48.3%). Five-year DSS was significantly worse for men in multivariate analyses for the Australian (hazard ratio [HR], 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.98; P = .026) and SEER (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.20-1.28; P < .001) cohorts. Detailed analysis of TNM stage sex differences revealed a consistent pattern of men having worse survival than women across stages in both cohorts. CONCLUSION The poorer survival in men with NSCLC presents research and clinical communities with an important challenge. This study's findings suggest that for men and women diagnosed with NSCLC, and managed surgically, stage-specific outcomes should be quoted separately and consideration to a rapid prognostic score with sex combined with staging as a key element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Wainer
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Gavin M Wright
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karla Gough
- Department of Cancer Experiences Research, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marissa G Daniels
- The University of Queensland Thoracic Research Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Prudence A Russell
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Choong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Conron
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Ball
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin Solomon
- Department of Oncology, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Chang ET, Liu Z, Hildesheim A, Liu Q, Cai Y, Zhang Z, Chen G, Xie SH, Cao SM, Shao JY, Jia WH, Zheng Y, Liao J, Chen Y, Lin L, Ernberg I, Vaughan TL, Adami HO, Huang G, Zeng Y, Zeng YX, Ye W. Active and Passive Smoking and Risk of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Southern China. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 185:1272-1280. [PMID: 28459936 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnitude and patterns of associations between smoking and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in high-incidence regions remain uncertain. Associations with active and passive tobacco smoking were estimated using multivariate logistic regression in a population-based case-control study of 2,530 NPC cases and 2,595 controls in Guangdong and Guangxi, southern China, in 2010-2014. Among men, risk of NPC was significantly higher in current smokers compared with never smokers (odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14, 1.53) but not in former smokers (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.17). Risk increased with smoking intensity (per 10 cigarettes/day, OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.16), smoking duration (per 10 years, OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.16), and cumulative smoking (per 10 pack-years, OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.12). Risk decreased with later age at smoking initiation (per year, OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96, 0.98) but not greater time since smoking cessation. Exposures to passive smoking during childhood (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.48) and from a spouse during adulthood (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.63) were independently associated with increased NPC risk in never-smoking men and women, but exposure-response trends were not observed. In conclusion, active and passive tobacco smoking are associated with modestly increased risk of NPC in southern China; risk is highest among long-term smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T Chang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Center for Health Sciences, Exponent, Inc., Menlo Park, California
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglin Cai
- Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, China
- Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular Mechanism, Wuzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Guomin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shang-Hang Xie
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Mei Cao
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Yong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Zheng
- Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, China
- Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular Mechanism, Wuzhou, China
| | - Jian Liao
- Cangwu Institute for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Control and Prevention, Wuzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Longde Lin
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Epidemiology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zou XN. Epidemic trend, screening, and early detection and treatment of cancer in Chinese population. Cancer Biol Med 2017; 14:50-59. [PMID: 28443203 PMCID: PMC5365185 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies showed the incidence mortality rates of cancer were increasing in recent decades in Chinese population. National and regional preventive programs aim to reduce the health hazards of cancer and focuse the population at high risks for specific cancer, particularly in rural areas and to offer the access to early detection for multlple cancers in urban areas. The early screening, early detection and treatment have been put into operation for the population at risks in rural areas at first, and in the urban areas in recent years. To understand the epidemic patterns and trends of cancer, and the experiences in applying early detection strategies in China, selected literatures were reviewed for brief summary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nong Zou
- National Cancer Center, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Roujun C, Yanhua Y, Bixun L. High prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in liver cancer patients: A hospital based study of 4610 patients with benign tumors or specific cancers. F1000Res 2016; 5:1397. [PMID: 27610222 PMCID: PMC4995685 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8457.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were hypothesised to be different among different tumor patients. This study aimed to study the association between the prevalence of DM, IGT and IFG and liver cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer and benign tumor. Methods: A hospital based retrospective study was conducted on 4610 patients admitted to the Internal Medical Department of the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between gender, age group, ethnicity , cancer types or benign tumors and prevalence of DM, IFG, IGT. Results: Among 4610 patients, there were 1000 liver cancer patients, 373 breast cancer patients, 415 nasopharyngeal cancer patients, 230 cervical cancer patients, 405 colorectal cancer patients, and 2187 benign tumor patients. The prevalence of DM and IGT in liver cancer patients was 14.7% and 22.1%, respectively. The prevalence of DM and IGT was 13.8% and 20%, respectively, in colorectal cancer patients, significantly higher than that of benign cancers. After adjusting for gender, age group, and ethnicity, the prevalence of DM and IGT in liver cancers patients was 1.29 times (CI :1.12-1.66) and 1.49 times (CI :1.20-1.86) higher than that of benign tumors, respectively. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of DM and IGT in liver cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Roujun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi Yanhua
- School for International Education, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Bixun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
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7
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Peng JW, Liu DY, Lin GN, Xiao JJ, Xia ZJ. Hepatitis B Virus Infection Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Advanced Non Small Cell Lung Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016. [PMID: 26225667 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.13.5285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been reported to be associated with inferior prognosis in hepatocellular and pancreatic carcinoma cases, but has not been studied with respect to non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of HBV infection in advanced NSCLC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort of 445 advanced NSCLC patients was recruited at our hospital from January 1, 2003 until August 30, 2014. Serum HBV markers were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. COX proportional hazards analysis was used to evaluate associations of HBV infection with overall survival (OS). RESULTS Of 445 patients who were qualified for the study, 68 patients were positive for HBsAg, also considered as HBV infection. Patients in HBsAg negative group were found to have better OS (12.6 months [12.2-12.9]) than those in HBsAg positive group (11.30 months [10.8-11.9]; p=0.001). Furthermore, COX multivariate analysis identified HBV infection as an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR 0.740 [0.560, 0.978], p=0.034). CONCLUSIONS Our study found that HBsAg-positive status was an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with advanced NSCLC. Future prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Wen Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, People's Republic of China E-mail :
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Daniyal M, Ahmad S, Ahmad M, Asif HM, Akram M, Ur Rehman S, Sultana S. Risk Factors and Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer in Pakistan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:4821-4. [PMID: 26163597 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.12.4821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the 2nd most common cause of death among all cancers and is the 4th most common cancer in the world. The number of deaths due to gastric cancer is about 800,000 annually. Gastric cancer is more common in men as compared to women and is 3rd most common cancer after colorectal and breast cancers in women. A progressive rise in the incidence rate has been observed in females over the last 5 years. The highest incidence of stomach cancer is in China, South America and Eastern Europe. The incidence of gastric cancer has 20 fold variation worldwide. Global variation is linked by two factors which play important role in developing gastric cancer. One is infection with Helicobacter pylori and the 2nd is diet. South Asia is a region with low risk, despite a high prevalence of H.pylori. Gastric carcinoma is common in southern region of India. Gastric cancer is more readily treated if diagnosed early. This study aims to provide awareness about gastric cancer as well as an updated knowledge about risk factors and epidemiology of gastric cancer in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Daniyal
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan E-mail :
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9
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Deng W, Long L, Tang XY, Huang TR, Li JL, Rong MH, Li KZ, Liu HZ. Anisotropic patterns of liver cancer prevalence in Guangxi in Southwest China: is local climate a contributing factor? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:3579-86. [PMID: 25921181 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.8.3579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Geographic information system (GIS) technology has useful applications for epidemiology, enabling the detection of spatial patterns of disease dispersion and locating geographic areas at increased risk. In this study, we applied GIS technology to characterize the spatial pattern of mortality due to liver cancer in the autonomous region of Guangxi Zhuang in southwest China. A database with liver cancer mortality data for 1971-1973, 1990-1992, and 2004-2005, including geographic locations and climate conditions, was constructed, and the appropriate associations were investigated. It was found that the regions with the highest mortality rates were central Guangxi with Guigang City at the center, and southwest Guangxi centered in Fusui County. Regions with the lowest mortality rates were eastern Guangxi with Pingnan County at the center, and northern Guangxi centered in Sanjiang and Rongshui counties. Regarding climate conditions, in the 1990s the mortality rate of liver cancer positively correlated with average temperature and average minimum temperature, and negatively correlated with average precipitation. In 2004 through 2005, mortality due to liver cancer positively correlated with the average minimum temperature. Regions of high mortality had lower average humidity and higher average barometric pressure than did regions of low mortality. Our results provide information to benefit development of a regional liver cancer prevention program in Guangxi, and provide important information and a reference for exploring causes of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangxi Cancer Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China E-mail :
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10
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Yu J, Cao XF, Zheng Y, Zhao RC, Yan LQ, Zhao L, Wang JW. Anti-VEGF Therapy with Bevacizumab--limited cardiovascular toxicity. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:10769-72. [PMID: 25605173 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.24.10769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This analysis was conducted to evaluate cardiovascular toxicity of commonly used anti-VEGF therapeutic agent, bevacizumab, in treating patients with cancer. METHODS Clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab-based regimens on response and safety for patients with cancer were identified using a predefined search strategy, allowing cardiovascular toxicity and other side effects of treatment to be estimated. RESULTS In bevacizumab based regimens, 4 clinical studies including 282 patients with advanced cancer (including gliomas, cervical, breast and ovarian cancer) were considered eligible for inclusion. These bevacizumab-based regimens included docetaxel, irinitecan and carboplatin. Systematic analysis suggested that, of 282 patients treated by bevacizumab based regimens, hypertension and thrombo-embolism occurred in 2.5% (7/282), while only 3 patients reported cardiovascular events (1.1%). No treatment related death occurred in bevacizumab based treatment. CONCLUSION This systemic analysis suggests that bevacizumab based regimens are associated with reasonable and accepted cardiovascular toxicity when treating patients with gliomas, cervical, breast and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital of HeBei, CangZhou, China E-mail :
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Li K, Lin GZ, Shen JC, Zhou Q. Time trends of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in urban Guangzhou over a 12-year period (2000-2011): declines in both incidence and mortality. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:9899-903. [PMID: 25520125 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.22.9899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an uncommon disease in most countries but occurs with much greater frequency in southern China. This study aimed to examine the secular trends of NPC in urban Guangzhou over the time period of 2000-2011 using data from the Guangzhou Cancer Registry. Age-adjusted annual incidence rates of NPC were calculated by the direct method using the WHO World Standard Population (1960) as the reference. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) was used as an estimate of the trend. A total of 7,532 new cases of NPC and 3,449 related deaths were registered. In both genders, the peak incidence occurred in the 50- to 59-year age group, and this age distribution pattern remained similar throughout. The AAPC in NPC incidence rates was -3.26% (95% CI: -5.4%--1.1) for males and -5.74% (95% CI: -8.9%--2.5) for females, resulting in a total decrease of 39.3% (from 22.14 to 13.44 per 100,000 population) for males and 48.6% (from 10.1 to 5.18 per 100,000 population) for females over this 12-year period. The AAPCs in NPC mortality rates were -4.62% (95%CI: -3.5%--5.7) for males and -6.75% (95% CI: -5.2%--8.3) for females, resulting in a total decrease of -46.1% (from 12.1 to 6.54 per 100,000 population) for males and 51.7% (from 4.14 to 2.00 per 100,000 population) for females. The age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates of NPC declined during 2000-2011 in urban Guangzhou but remained high. Future efforts to improve prevention, early detection and treatment strategies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China E-mail :
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12
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Yan P, Li YH, Tang ZJ, Shu X, Liu X. High monocarboxylate transporter 4 protein expression in stromal cells predicts adverse survival in gastric cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:8923-9. [PMID: 25374230 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.20.8923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that stromal monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) may play key roles in tumor development. However, their clinical value remains largely unexplored in gastric cancer (GC). The present study aimed to determine clinicopathological significance and prognostic values of stromal MCT4 and CA IX in GC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens from 143 GC patients were immunohistochemically stained using polyclonal anti-MCT4 and anti-CA IX antibodies. Expression was correlated with patient clinicopathologic characteristics and survival data. RESULTS High stromal MCT4 expression was detected in 72 of 143 (50.3%) GCs and high CA IX in 74 (51.7%). Both high stromal MCT4 and CA IX were correlated with advanced TNM stage (p=0.000; p=0.000). High CA IX expression was positively related to depth of invasion (p=0.022) and positive lymph nodes (p=0.002) as well. Survival analysis indicated high expression of stromal MCT4 to be an independent factor in predicting poor overall survival (OS) (HR and 95%CI=1.962, 1.032-3.729, p=0.040) and disease free survival (DFS) (HR and 95%CI=2.081, 1.158-3.741, p=0.014) of GC patients. However, high CA IX expression exhibited no significant predictive value. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that high expression of stromal MCT4 and CA IX proteins is significantly correlated with GC progression. High stromal MCT4 heralds worse outcome of GC patient, suggesting a novel candidate prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China E-mail :
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Li MY, Liu JQ, Chen DP, Qi B, Liang YY, Yin WJ. Glycididazole sodium combined with radiochemotherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:2641-6. [PMID: 24761877 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.6.2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate efficacy and side effects of glycididazole sodium (CMNa) combined with chemotherapy (cisplatin plus 5-FU/folic acid, PLF) and radiotherapy in treating patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with III~IV stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC),were randomly divided into treatment group (46 patients) and control group (45 patients). Both groups received radiotherapy concomitant with PLF chemotherapy. The treatment group at the same time was given CMNa (800 mg/m2 before radiotherapy), by l h intravenous drip, three times a week. RESULTS When the dose of radiation was over 60 Gy, complete response rates of nasopharyngeal tumor and lymph node metastases in treatment group were significantly higher than in the control group (93.5% vs 77.8%; 89.1% vs 93.5%, p<0.05). Three months after radiotherapy, complete response rate of nasopharynx cancer and lymph node metastases in treatment group was both 97.8%, again higher than in the control group (84.4% and 82.2%) (p<0.05). In the treatment group, 1, 3, 5 year disease-free survival rates were 95.7%, 86.7% and 54.5%; and in control group, the corresponding disease-free survival rates were 93.3%, 66.2% and 38.6%, respectively, the difference being statistically significant (log-rank =5.887, p=0.015). One, 3, 5 year overall survival rates in two groups of patients were 97.8%, 93.5%, 70.4% and 95.5%, 88.07%, 48.4%, respectively, again with a statistically significant difference (log-rank=6.470, p=0.011). Acute toxicity and long-term radiotherapy related toxicity in the two groups did not differ (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Glycididazole sodium could improve curative effects without increasing adverse reactions when treating patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Li
- The 4th Ward of Radiotherapy Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Gangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China E-mail :
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Yu DP, Han Y, Zhao QY, Liu ZD. CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ lymphocyte subgroups and their surface receptors NKG2D and NKG2A in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:2685-8. [PMID: 24761885 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.6.2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the prevalence of lymphocyte subgroups CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ and their surface receptors NKG2D and NKG2A in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 patients with NSCLC were divided into different groups according to different clinical factors (TNM staging, pathological patterns and genders) for assessment of relations with CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ and the surface receptors NKG2D and NKG2A of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood by flow cytometry. RESULTS Patients in the advanced group had evidently lower levels of CD3+ CD4+ but markedly higher levels of CD3+ CD8+ in peripheral blood than those with early lesions (p<0.05). In addition, NSCLC patients in the advanced group had obviously higher CD3+ CD4+ NKG2D and CD3+ CD8+ NKG2A expression rates but lower CD3+ CD4+ NKG2A and CD3+ CD8+ NKG2D expression rates (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between NSCLC patients with different genders and pathological patterns in expression levels of lymphocyte subgroups CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ and their surface receptors NKG2D and NKG2A. CONCLUSIONS Unbalanced expression of surface receptors NKG2D and NKG2A in CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ lymphocytes may be associated with a poor prognosis, greater malignancy and immunological evasion by advanced cancers, related to progression of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ping Yu
- Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China E-mail :
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Ji AJ, Liu SL, Ju WZ, Huang XE. Anti-proliferation effects and molecular mechanisms of action of tetramethypyrazine on human SGC-7901 gastric carcinoma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:3581-6. [PMID: 24870761 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.8.3581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of tetramethypyrazine (TMP) on proliferation and apoptosis of the human gastric carcinoma cell line 7901 and its possible mechanism of action. METHODS The viability of TMP-treated 7901 cells was measured with a 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (MTT) and cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The distribution of cells in different phases of cell cycle after exposure of TMPs was analyzed with flow cytometry. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of TMP-mediated apoptosis, the expression of NF-xBp65, cyclinD1 and p16 in SGC-7901 cells was analyzed by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. RESULTS TMP inhibited the proliferation of human gastric carcinoma cell line 7901 in dose and time dependent manners. Cell growth was suppressed by TMP at different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/ml), the inhibition rate is 0.46%, 4.36%, 14.8%, 76.1% (48h) and 15.5%, 18.5%, 41.2%, 89.8% (72h) respectively. When the concentration of TMPs was 2.0mg/ml, G1-phase arrest in the SGC-7901 cells was significant based on the data for cell cycle distribution. RT-PCR demonstrated that NF-xBp65 and cyclin D1 mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated in 7901 cells treated with 2.0 mg/ml TMP for 72h (p<0.05), while the p16 mRNA level was up-regulated (p<0.05). The protein expression of NF-xBp65 and cyclin D1 decreased gradually with the increase in TMP concentration, compared with control cells (p<0.05), while expression of protein p16 was up-regulated (p<0.01). CONCLUSION TMP exhibits significant anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on the human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901. NF-xBp65, cyclinD1 and p16 may also play important roles in the regulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Jun Ji
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China E-mail :
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Liu LK, Wu HF, Guo ZR, Chen XJ, Yang D, Shu YQ, Zhang JN. Targeted Efficacy of Dihydroartemisinin for Translationally Controlled Protein Expression in a Lung Cancer Model. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:2511-5. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.6.2511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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