f25, a novel synthetic quinoline derivative, inhibits tongue cancer cell invasion and survival by the PPAR pathway in vitro and vivo

Tongue cancer has a very high incidence in China, and there is a need to develop new anti-tumour drugs against it. We synthesised 31 novel quinoline derivatives to test their anti-tumour activity. A compound referred to as "f25" was identified through screening for its high in vitro toxicity against an oral squamous carcinoma cell line (CAL-27). f25 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against CAL-27 cells (IC50 = 7.70 ± 0.58 μΜ). f25 also inhibited the migration and invasion of CAL-27 cells to a level comparable with that of the chemotherapy agent cisplatin. Moreover, f25 promoted the apoptosis of CAL-27 cells. Transcriptome sequencing and western blotting showed that the mechanism of action of f25 against CAL-27 cells involved the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway. Specifically, f25 could bind to PPAR-α, PPAR-β, and PPAR-γ and increase their expression. In vivo experiments showed that treatment with f25 led to a reduction in tumour volume in nude mice without significant toxicity. Overall, this study highlights the potential of quinoline compounds (particularly f25) for the design and synthesis of anti-tumour drugs. It also underscores the importance of the PPAR signalling pathway as a target for potential cancer therapies.

Epidemiology of tongue squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the epidemiological profile and the specific survival of patients diagnosed with tongue squamous cell carcinoma at the National Cancer Institute (INCA).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Hospital Cancer Registry System Data and Mortality Information from 2007 to 2009 were retrieved in a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Specific survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The association between independent variables and the risk of death was explored in a Cox proportional hazards regression model.

RESULTS

A total of 346 patients were eligible, mostly male (77.5%), smokers (87.6%), with alcohol consumption (80.9%), with low education (65.6%), advanced staging at the time of diagnosis (71.1%), and presenting a high mortality rate (72.5%). In total, 44.5% of patients underwent a surgical approach alone or associated with another treatment modality, of which 85.1% of patients underwent neck dissection and 90.1% had free surgical margins. Specific survival was 40.6% in two years and 31.2% in five years.

CONCLUSION

The 5-year specific survival was considered worse in individuals over 60 years, and who did not undergo surgical treatment or had surgery associated with another treatment, compared to patients undergoing isolated surgery.

Clinicopathological characteristics predicting advanced stage and surgical margin invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A single‑center study on 10 years of cancer registry data

The incidence profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not previously been comprehensively reported in Indonesia. The present study aimed to identify clinicopathological characteristics of patients with OSCC according to sex and age, to analyze histological differentiation patterns specific to tumor subsites, to highlight the role of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in metastasis, and to develop a model to predict advanced stage and margin invasion. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed using 581 medical records and pathological specimens from cancer registry data in the Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (Jakarta, Indonesia), between January 2011 and December 2020. Clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for eligible parameters, identified using bivariate analysis, to predict advanced stage and margin invasion. Calibration of the prediction model was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, its discrimination value assessed using the receiver operating characteristic and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Sex-specific patterns in tumor subsites and differences in clinical staging according to age were demonstrated in the patients with OSCC. The proportion of well-differentiated cases was significantly higher in most tumor subsites, except in the buccal mucosa (more moderately differentiated cases) and floor of the mouth (well and moderately differentiated cases being equal). LVI was significantly associated with nodal metastasis but not distant metastasis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age ≤45 years [odds ratio (OR), 2.26] and LVI (OR, 8.42) predicted patients having advanced-stage OSCC among general populations (AUC, 0.773); however, LVI (OR, 8.28) was the sole predictor of advanced stage amongst young patients (AUC, 0.737). Margin invasion was predicted solely by tumor subsite, including mouth not otherwise specified (OR, 3.04) and palate (OR, 6.13), in the general population (AUC, 0.711). Furthermore, margin invasion was predicted by the palate subsite (OR, 38.77) and LVI (OR, 11.61) in young patients (AUC, 0.762). Investigating young patients thoroughly when finding SCC in the mouth and palate, and assessing LVI, especially among young patients, is critical to prevent advanced staging and margin invasion.

Prognostic factors associated with overall survival in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma

Background

Low socioeconomic status, increasing age, and poor lifestyle behaviors are associated with poor survival in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). To determine the overall survival (OS) and the risk of OCSCC death by tumor subsite.

Material and Methods

A retrospective cohort study of OCSCC patients diagnosed from 2007 to 2009 and treated at a single cancer center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Patient information was obtained from the Hospital Cancer Registry (HCR) database and complemented by individual search of physical and electronic medical records. Descriptive statistics of population characteristics were computed. OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to estimate the risk of death by tumor subsite.

Results

Seven hundred and three patients with OCSCC were identified. Most patients were men (77.4%) with low levels of education (67.5%), who drank (73.9%) and smoked (79.7%). The most prevalent tumor site was the tongue (45.4%), 73.4% of patients had advanced (clinical stage III or IV) OCSCC at diagnosis and 74.1% died during follow-up. For the entire cohort, the OS was 39.1% at two years and 27.9% at five years. The median survival time was 1.4 years (95%CI: 1.2‒1.5). Non-operative treatment (HR: 3.11; 95%CI: 2.26‒4.29; p <0.001), advanced stage (HR 2.14; 95%CI 1.68-2.74; p <0.001), and age >60 years at diagnosis (HR: 1.37; 95%CI: 1.15‒1.64; p <0.001) were independently associated with the risk of death. However, these factors varied by tumour subsite.

Conclusions

Analysis of specific subsites of the oral cavity revealed substantial differences in prognostic factors associated with poor survival in OCSCC.

Key words:Squamous cell carcinoma, oral cavity cancer, survival, prognosis.

Characterization of High-risk Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Histologically Confirmed Ear, Nose and Throat (Ent) Cancers in Burkina Faso

Background:

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV-HR) infections are responsible for 99.99% of cervico-uterine cancers and 50% of carcinomas of the oropharynx.

Objective:

To characterize high-risk HPV genotypes (HPV-HR) in histologically confirmed ear, nose and throat (ENT) cancers in Ouagadougou.

Methods:

One hundred and twenty-eight archived tissues from the ENT sphere, obtained over the last ten years (2007 to 2017) and histologically diagnosed in anatomy and pathology-cytology laboratories in Ouagadougou were included. These tissues were dewaxed with xylene; HPV DNA extraction was performed and HPV-HR were researched by real-time multiplex PCR.

Results:

Among the fourteen HPV-HR genotypes tested for, seven were identified. The prevalence of HPV-HR infection was 15.6%. The most common genotypes were: HPV56 (45%) and HPV33 (20%). Squamous cell carcinomas accounted for 75% of cases, followed by lymphomas for 10%. The age range was between 5 and 80 years.

Conclusion:

The results show the involvement of a diversity of HPV-HR genotypes and a high frequency of HPV56 and HPV33 in ENT cancers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The appropriate HPV vaccination will considerably reduce the number of these cancers.

Malignant Tumors of Tongue in Iranian Population

BACKGROUND

The incidence of oral cancers varies from one country to another, which can be clarified by the difference in the distribution of the risk factors and the possible etiologies. Tongue is a main segment of oral cavity and malignant lesions of this region accounts for nearly 30% of all oral cancers.

OBJECTIVES

In the present study, we evaluated the pattern of tongue cancer in Iranian population and compared these findings with those previously reported in the other countries.

METHODS

In this multicenter, retrospective cross-sectional study recorded cases of the malignant tongue tumors in the cancer research center (CRC) of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were extracted. The patient records and their microscopic reports were retrieved from the archives and age, sex and microscopic types were evaluated. It is to be noted that the CRC has been serving as a cancer registry center for major hospitals all over the country since the year of 2003. Thus, the obtained statistics are highly reliable.

RESULTS

During the years 2003 to 2008, a total number of 952 new cases of the tongue cancer were recorded in the CRC. Most cases are diagnosed in the sixth and seventh decades of life. 450 cases (47.2%) occurred in men and 489 cases (51.36%) in women. Four different types of malignant lesions (epithelial, salivary gland, hematopoietic and mesenchymal) were diagnosed. Epithelial tumors were the most prevalent malignancies (93%) of which squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) made up 87.39% of all lesions. Salivary gland tumors had the second place with 3.15% of the total lesions.

CONCLUSIONS

In Iranian population, squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent malignancy of tongue and it is notable that the ratio of female to male population was equal. These lesions were prevalent in the sixth and seventh decades of life. Thus screening examination of tongue by dentist especially in elderly patients is necessary for early detection of cancerous lesions.

Characteristics of oral tongue and base of the tongue cancer: a hospital cancer registry based analysis

BACKGROUND

Tongue cancer is one of the leading sites of cancer in our population.

AIM

To evaluate the socio-demographic profiles and stages at diagnosis of oral tongue (OT) and base of tongue (BT) cancers, and identify any possible variations in characteristics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A retrospective analysis was conducted on tongue cancer cases, divided into OT and BT, registered at the hospital cancer registry of North-East India during January 2010 to May 2013. Cases were analyzed for age, gender, residential status and different levels of education for patients, the stage at diagnosis and presence of distant metastasis.

RESULTS

A total of 1,113 cases of tongue cancers were registered, 846(76.1%) of BT and 267(23.9%) of OT. While 33.9% of BT cancer patients were above 65 years of age, the figure for OT cancers was 18.4%, stages III and IV accounting for 90.8% and 77%, respectively. The relative risk for distant metastasis in OT cancers was 3.3 (95% CI 1.08-10.1, p=0.03).

CONCLUSIONS

In the subsites of tongue cancers in our population, the majority arose from the base of tongue, these tending to occur in older individuals and presenting at late stage.