1
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Li D, Gao Y, Wang C, Hu L. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling of urinary small extracellular vesicles in hepatocellular carcinoma. Analyst 2024. [PMID: 38995156 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00660g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer and a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are heterogeneous populations of membrane-structured vesicles that can be found in many biological fluids and are currently considered as a potential source of disease-associated biomarkers for diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to define the proteomic and phosphoproteomic landscape of urinary sEVs in patients with HCC. Mass spectrometry-based methods were used to detect the global proteome and phosphoproteome profiles of sEVs isolated by differential ultracentrifugation. Label-free quantitation analysis showed that 348 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 548 differentially expressed phosphoproteins (DEPPs) were identified in the HCC group. Among them, multiple phosphoproteins related to HCC, including HSP90AA1, IQGAP1, MTOR, and PRKCA, were shown to be upregulated in the HCC group. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the upregulated DEPPs participate in the regulation of autophagy, proteoglycans in cancer, and the MAPK/mTOR/Rap1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, kinase-substrate enrichment analysis revealed activation of MTOR, AKT1, MAP2Ks, and MAPKs family kinases in HCC-derived sEVs, indicating that dysregulation of the MAPK and mTOR signaling pathways may be the primary sEV-mediated molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of HCC. This study demonstrated that urinary sEVs are enriched in proteomic and phosphoproteomic signatures that could be further explored for their potential use in early HCC diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun Li
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yujun Gao
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lianghai Hu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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2
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Liu Y, Wang P, Hu W, Chen D. New insights into the roles of peroxiredoxins in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114896. [PMID: 37210897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Tumorigenesis and progression are accompanied by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and adaptive elevation of antioxidant expression levels. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are among the most important antioxidants and are widely distributed in a variety of cancers. PRDXs are involved in the regulation of a variety of tumor cell phenotypes, such as invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness. PRDXs are also associated with tumor cell resistance to cell death, such as apoptosis and ferroptosis. In addition, PRDXs are involved in the transduction of hypoxic signals in the TME and in the regulation of the function of other cellular components of the TME, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages. This implies that PRDXs are promising targets for cancer treatment. Of course, further studies are needed to realize the clinical application of targeting PRDXs. In this review, we highlight the role of PRDXs in cancer, summarizing the basic features of PRDXs, their association with tumorigenesis, their expression and function in cancer, and their relationship with cancer therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- First Department of Oncology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Emergency, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Weina Hu
- Department of General Practice, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China.
| | - Da Chen
- Department of Emergency, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China.
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3
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Ramasamy P, Larkin AM, Linge A, Tiernan D, McAree F, Horgan N, Moriarty P, Beatty S, Murphy CC, Clynes M, Kennedy S, Meleady P. PRDX3 is associated with metastasis and poor survival in uveal melanoma. J Clin Pathol 2019; 73:408-412. [PMID: 31771972 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, and 40% develop fatal metastatic disease. Overexpression of thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase reductase (PRDX3) has been implicated in several cancers, including prostate, breast, colorectal and lung cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of PRDX3 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) primary UM tissues of patients who did and did not develop metastatic disease. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining of PRDX3 was performed on FFPE tissue microarray samples of 92 primary UM tumours from patients who did and did not develop metastatic disease. The immunohistochemical staining was assessed by two observers who were blinded to all clinicopathological and cytogenetic details including metastatic/non-metastatic information. Based on a scoring system, expression of PRDX3 was graded as high or low. RESULTS There were 55 tumours (59.8%) from patients who developed metastatic disease, while 37 (40.2%) were from patients who did not develop metastasis. A statistically significant difference in PRDX3 expression was observed in patients who did and did not develop metastasis (p=0.001). A significant positive correlation between high PRDX3 expression and metastasis was observed (p=0.001). A significant negative correlation between PRDX3 expression and survival was found (p=0.005). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a statistically significant difference in overall survival between tumours that demonstrated low and high expression of PRDX3 (67.61 vs 130.64 months, respectively, p=0.013). CONCLUSIONS High immunohistochemical expression of PRDX3 in primary UM tissue is associated with metastasis and poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathma Ramasamy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland .,National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin, Ireland.,Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Larkin
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Annett Linge
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Noel Horgan
- Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublins, Ireland
| | - Paul Moriarty
- Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublins, Ireland
| | | | - Conor C Murphy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublins, Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin, Ireland.,Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Science Foundation Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan Kennedy
- Histopathology, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Ismail T, Kim Y, Lee H, Lee DS, Lee HS. Interplay Between Mitochondrial Peroxiredoxins and ROS in Cancer Development and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184407. [PMID: 31500275 PMCID: PMC6770548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifunctional cellular organelles that are major producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in eukaryotes; to maintain the redox balance, they are supplemented with different ROS scavengers, including mitochondrial peroxiredoxins (Prdxs). Mitochondrial Prdxs have physiological and pathological significance and are associated with the initiation and progression of various cancer types. In this review, we have focused on signaling involving ROS and mitochondrial Prdxs that is associated with cancer development and progression. An upregulated expression of Prdx3 and Prdx5 has been reported in different cancer types, such as breast, ovarian, endometrial, and lung cancers, as well as in Hodgkin's lymphoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. The expression of Prdx3 and Prdx5 in different types of malignancies involves their association with different factors, such as transcription factors, micro RNAs, tumor suppressors, response elements, and oncogenic genes. The microenvironment of mitochondrial Prdxs plays an important role in cancer development, as cancerous cells are equipped with a high level of antioxidants to overcome excessive ROS production. However, an increased production of Prdx3 and Prdx5 is associated with the development of chemoresistance in certain types of cancers and it leads to further complications in cancer treatment. Understanding the interplay between mitochondrial Prdxs and ROS in carcinogenesis can be useful in the development of anticancer drugs with better proficiency and decreased resistance. However, more targeted studies are required for exploring the tumor microenvironment in association with mitochondrial Prdxs to improve the existing cancer therapies and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayaba Ismail
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Youni Kim
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Hongchan Lee
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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5
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The prognostic values of the peroxiredoxins family in ovarian cancer. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180667. [PMID: 30104402 PMCID: PMC6123065 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are a family of antioxidant enzymes with six identified mammalian isoforms (PRDX1–6). PRDX expression is up-regulated in various types of solid tumors; however, individual PRDX expression, and its impact on prognostic value in ovarian cancer patients, remains unclear. Methods: PRDXs family protein expression profiles in normal ovarian tissues and ovarian cancer tissues were examined using the Human Protein Atlas database. Then, the prognostic roles of PRDX family members in several sets of clinical data (histology, pathological grades, clinical stages, and applied chemotherapy) in ovarian cancer patients were investigated using the Kaplan–Meier plotter. Results: PRDXs family protein expression in ovarian cancer tissues was elevated compared with normal ovarian tissues. Meanwhile, elevated expression of PRDX3, PRDX5, and PRDX6 mRNAs showed poorer overall survival (OS); PRDX5 and PRDX6 also predicted poor progression-free survival (PFS) for ovarian cancer patients. Furthermore, PRDX3 played significant prognostic roles, particularly in poor differentiation and late-stage serous ovarian cancer patients. Additionally, PRDX5 predicted a lower PFS in all ovarian cancer patients treated with Platin, Taxol, and Taxol+Platin chemotherapy. PRDX3 and PRDX6 also showed poor PFS in patients treated with Platin chemotherapy. Furthermore, PRDX3 and PRDX5 indicated lower OS in patients treated with these three chemotherapeutic agents. PRDX6 predicted a poorer OS in patients treated with Taxol and Taxol+Platin chemotherapy. Conclusion: These results suggest that there are distinct prognostic values of PRDX family members in patients with ovarian cancer, and that the expression of PRDX3, PRDX5, and PRDX6 mRNAs are a useful prognostic indicator in the effect of chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients.
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6
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Lu D, Wang W, Liu J, Qi L, Zhuang R, Zhuo J, Zhang X, Xu X, Zheng S. Peroxiredoxins in inflammatory liver diseases and ischemic/reperfusion injury in liver transplantation. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 113:83-89. [PMID: 29360557 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) belong to the superfamily of thiol-dependent peroxidases, and remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other oxidative stress products. The expression and activity of Prxs can be substantially affected by stimuli from the microenvironment, and in turn regulate cytokine secretion in the context of inflammation in both peroxidase-dependent and -independent pathways. Prxs translocate to mitochondria and are hyperoxidized during acute liver damage, and attenuate intracellular ROS accumulation through their peroxidase activity. In particularly, Prx1 modulates the microenvironment in liver injuries by reducing adhesion molecule expression in vascular endothelial cells and inhibiting the inflammatory response and adhesion of macrophages. Prxs have potent prosurvival effects against ROS in ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but Prxs released from necrotic cells increase secretion of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages through TLR2 and 4 activation, which promotes cell death. Prxs can be used as biomarkers to evaluate I/R injury and predict graft survival in liver transplantation. Prxs are modulated in various types of chronic hepatitis and hepatosteatosis, and mediate disease progression. Alcohol administration increases oxidization and inactivation of Prxs in mice because of oxidative stress. In conclusion, Prxs are essential mediators and biomarkers in inflammatory liver diseases and I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Runzhou Zhuang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jianyong Zhuo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xuanyu Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, China; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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7
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Lai MC, Zhu QQ, Owusu-Ansah KG, Zhu YB, Yang Z, Xie HY, Zhou L, Wu LM, Zheng SS. Prognostic value of Rho GDP dissociation inhibitors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following liver transplantation. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1395-1402. [PMID: 28789355 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GDP dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) are pivotal regulators of Rho GTPases, which are essential for tumor progression, yet their role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to assess the role of RhoGDIs in the invasiveness and migration of liver cancer, and to determine their clinical prognostic significances in HCC following liver transplantation (LT). In the present study, the expression of RhoGDIs was assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by western-blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Their prognostic values were also analyzed, and determined in patients treated with LT. In addition, the functions of RhoGDIs in liver cancer cell line were studied in vitro. As a result, the downregulation of RhoGDI1 and RhoGDI2 at mRNA and protein levels were detected in HCC when compared with that of adjacent noncancerous tissues (P<0.05). However, the level of RhoGDI3 was identified to be similar in tumor and para-carcinoma tissues. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that patients with lower expression of RhoGDI1 or RhoGDI2 exhibited significantly increased risk of tumor recurrence following LT (P=0.007 and P=0.006, respectively). Cox proportional hazards model analysis revealed that the decreased expression level of RhoGDI2 was an unfavorable independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 3.306; P=0.001). In vitro studies involving the silencing of RhoGDI1 or RhoGDI2 demonstrated a significant increase in the migratory and invasive ability of tumor cells upon the silencing of these genes. Results from the present study indicate that RhoGDI dysregulation is a frequent event in human HCC, and that it promotes cancer progression by stimulating cell migration and invasion. RhoGDI2 may be a prognostic biomarker for patients with HCC following LT, and act as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chun Lai
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Kwabena-Gyabaah Owusu-Ansah
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Bo Zhu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yang Xie
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ming Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Sen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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8
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Ismail SA, El Saadany S, Ziada DH, Zakaria SS, Mayah WW, Elashry H, Arafa M, Elmashad N. Cytokeratin-18 in Diagnosis of HCC in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1105-1111. [PMID: 28547948 PMCID: PMC5494222 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.4.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy that occurs secondary to viral hepatitis B and C cirrhosis under the influence of environmental factors. In early stages, clinical diagnosis is often difficult and distinguishing HCC from cirrhosis and other hepatic masses by conventional tests is frequently not feasible. Physicians usually depend on measuring serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), but this marker has low sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this research was to determine any role of serum cytokeratin-18(Ck-18) as a marker for diagnosis of HCC in patients with liver cirrhosis. Patients and methods: We used ELISA to measure the serum levels of AFP and CK 18 in 60 Egyptian patients (30 cirrhotic and 30 with HCC) and 30 controls. Results: The Ck-18 level was significantly elevated in the HCC group (1247.8± 105.3U/L) when compared to the liver cirrhosis (834.1± 38.8 U/L) and control groups (265.2±83.1U/L). Ck-18 as a marker showed 95.6% sensitivity, 93.3% specificity and 98.8% accuracy. The mean serum AFP was 4901.4±2185.8ng/ml in the HCC group, 100.7±71.7 ng/ml in the cirrhotic group, and 4.0±1.2ng/ml in controls. AFP showed 55. 7% sensitivity, 97. 7% specificity and 84.4% accuracy. Combined use of both Ck-18 and AFP improved the sensitivity to 98%. Conclusion: Serum cytokeratin-18 level can be used as a diagnostic biomarker for HCC with a higher sensitivity than AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber A Ismail
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Egypt.
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9
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Ow SH, Chua PJ, Bay BH. Epigenetic regulation of peroxiredoxins: Implications in the pathogenesis of cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 242:140-147. [PMID: 27633575 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216669834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin I to VI (PRX I-VI), a family of highly conserved antioxidants, has been implicated in numerous diseases. There have been reports that PRXs are expressed aberrantly in a variety of tumors, implying that they could play an important role in carcinogenesis. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs have been reported to modulate expression of PRXs. In addition, the use of epigenetic regulators, such as histone deacetylases, has been demonstrated to restore PRX to normal levels, indicating that the reversible nature of epigenetics can be exploited for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet-Hui Ow
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore
| | - Pei-Jou Chua
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore
| | - Boon-Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore
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10
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Reichl P, Mikulits W. Accuracy of novel diagnostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: An update for clinicians (Review). Oncol Rep 2016; 36:613-25. [PMID: 27278244 PMCID: PMC4930874 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Accurate detection and differential diagnosis of early HCC can significantly improve patient survival. Currently, detection of HCC in clinical practice is performed by diagnostic imaging techniques and determination of serum biomarkers, most notably α-fetoprotein (AFP), fucosylated AFP and des-γ-carboxyprothrombin. However, these methods display limitations in sensitivity and specificity, especially with respect to early stages of HCC. Recently, high-throughput technologies have elucidated many new pathways involved in hepatocarcinogenesis and have led to the discovery of a plethora of novel, non-invasive serum biomarkers. In particular, the combination of AFP with these new candidate molecules has yielded promising results. In this review, we aimed at recapitulating the most recent (2013–2015) developments in HCC biomarker research. We compared promising novel diagnostic serum protein biomarkers, such as annexin A2, the soluble form of the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl and thioredoxin, as well as their combinations with AFP. High diagnostic performance (area under the curve >0.75) as shown by threshold-independent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was a prerequisite for inclusion in this review. In addition, we discuss the role and potential of microRNAs in HCC diagnosis and associated methodological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Reichl
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Liu Z, Hu Y, Liang H, Sun Z, Feng S, Deng H. Silencing PRDX3 Inhibits Growth and Promotes Invasion and Extracellular Matrix Degradation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1506-14. [PMID: 26983019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PRDX3 is a mitochondrial peroxide reductase that regulates cellular redox state. It has been reported that PRDX3 is overexpressed in liver cancer, but how PRDX3 is involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis and progression has not been well-characterized. In the present study, we established two stable cell lines by overexpressing or knocking down PRDX3 in HepG2 cells. We found that PRDX3 silencing decreased the growth rate of HepG2 cells and increased mtDNA oxidation. Quantitative proteomics identified 475 differentially expressed proteins between the PRDX3 knockdown and the control cells. These proteins were involved in antioxidant activity, angiogenesis, cell adhesion, cell growth, ATP synthesis, nucleic acid binding, redox, and chaperones. PRDX3 knockdown led to the down-regulation of ATP synthases and the decreased cellular ATP level, contributing to the slow-down of cell growth. Furthermore, silencing PRDX3 enhanced invasive properties of HepG2 cells via TIMP-1 down-regulation and the increased ECM degradation. Taken together, our results indicate that PRDX3 promotes HCC growth and mediates cell migration and invasiveness and is a potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Yadong Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Haisha Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Zhongyuan Sun
- Center of Biomedical Analysis, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Shan Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing, 100084 China.,Center of Biomedical Analysis, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
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Ismail S, Mayah W, Battia HE, Gaballah H, Jiman-Fatani A, Hamouda H, Afifi MA, Elmashad N, Saadany SE. Plasma nuclear factor kappa B and serum peroxiredoxin 3 in early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:1657-63. [PMID: 25743848 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.4.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most important step in successful treatment. However, it is usually rare due to the lack of a highly sensitive specific biomarker so that the HCC is usually fatal within few months after diagnosis. The aim of this work was to study the role of plasma nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) and serum peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) as diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of HCC in a high-risk population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma nuclear factor kappa B level (NF-?B) and serum peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in addition to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in 72 cirrhotic patients, 64 patients with HCC and 29 healthy controls. RESULTS NF-?B and PRDX3 were significantly elevated in the HCC group in relation to the others. Higher area under curve (AUC) of 0.854 (for PRDX3) and 0.825 (for NF-?B) with sensitivity of 86.3% and 84.4% and specificity of 75.8% and 75.4% respectively, were found compared to AUC of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (0.65) with sensitivity of 72.4% and specificity of 64.3%. CONCLUSIONS NF-?B and PRDX3 may serve as early and sensitive biomarkers for early detection of HCC facilitating improved management. The role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) as a target for treatment of liver fibrosis and HCC must be widely evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Ismail
- Departments of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt E-mail :
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Xia FD, Wang ZL, Chen HX, Huang Y, Li JD, Wang ZM, Li XY. Differential expression of IQGAP1/2 in Hepatocellular carcinoma and its relationship with clinical outcomes. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:4951-6. [PMID: 24998570 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.12.4951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate IQGAP1 and IQGAP2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and itsassociation with HCC clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes. METHODS IQGAP1 and IQGAP2 mRNA and protein were measured in HCC tissues, para-tumor tissues and normal tissues by RT-PCR and Western blotting. We further examined 150 HCC samples with adjacent para-tumor tissues and 11 normal specimens by immunohistochemistry to evaluate the correlation of IQGAP1 and IQGAP2 with clinicopathological features and prognosis. RESULTS IQGAP1 mRNA and protein were up-regulated while IQGAP2 mRNA and protein were down-regulated in human HCC tissues compared with para-tumor and normal liver tissues (p<0.05). IQGAP1 expression was higher in primary HCC (122/150, 81.3%) than matched adjacent tissues (30/150, 20%, p<0.001), whereas IQGAP2 was lower (31/150, 20.7% as compared to 112/150, 74.7%, P<0.001). Positive IQGAP1 expression correlated with larger tumor size (p=0.002), advanced TNM stage (p=0.002) and tumor differentiation (III and IV, p=0.034). Negative IQGAP2 expression was significantly associated with larger tumor size (p=0.009), multicentric tumor occurrence (p=0.01), advanced TNM stage (0.009) and tumor differentiation (III and IV, p=0.020). Survival analysis revealed that patients with either IQGAP1+ or IQGAP2- tumors had significantly reduced disease-free survival (p<0.001 and 0.006 respectively) and overall survival (p<0.001 for both). Multivariate analysis showed that IQGAP1/2 switch was an independent prognosis factor for disease-free survival (HR=2.824) and overall survival (HR=2.189). CONCLUSION Positive IQGAP1 and negative IQGAP2 expression were closely correlated with tumor progression and could be used as adjunctive biomarkers to improve prognostication for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Da Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China E-mail :
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Wang BL, Tan QW, Gao XH, Wu J, Guo W. Elevated PIVKA-II is Associated with Early Recurrence and Poor Prognosis in BCLC 0-A Hepatocellular Carcinomas. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:6673-8. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.16.6673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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