Identification of specific gene modules in mouse lung tissue exposed to cigarette smoke

Targeting ferroptosis: a promising approach for treating lung carcinoma

Lung carcinoma incidence and fatality rates remain among the highest on a global scale. The efficacy of targeted therapies and immunotherapies is commonly compromised by the emergence of drug resistance and other factors, resulting in a lack of durable therapeutic benefits. Ferroptosis, a distinct pattern of cell death marked by the buildup of iron-dependent lipid peroxides, has been shown to be a novel and potentially more effective treatment for lung carcinoma. However, the mechanism and regulatory network of ferroptosis are exceptionally complex, and many unanswered questions remain. In addition, research on ferroptosis in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer has been growing exponentially. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a thorough summary of the latest advancements in the field of ferroptosis. Here, we comprehensively analyze the mechanisms underlying the preconditions of ferroptosis, the defense system, and the associated molecular networks. The potential strategies of ferroptosis in the treatment of lung carcinoma are also highlighted. Targeting ferroptosis improves tumor cell drug resistance and enhances the effectiveness of targeted drugs and immunotherapies. These findings may shed fresh light on the diagnosis and management of lung carcinoma, as well as the development of drugs related to ferroptosis.

ANP32B promotes lung cancer progression by regulating VDAC1

It has been reported before that acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member B (ANP32B) plays roles in many cancers, yet no report of its role in lung cancer exists. In this study, we documented an elevation of ANP32B within lung cancer tissues and cells. Knockdown of ANP32B hindered the proliferation as well as migration of lung cancer cells, whereas overexpression of ANP32B helps to promote the malignant progression of lung cancer. ANP32B also regulates lung cancer cells' apoptosis and cell cycling. In addition, voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) has been found to be a downstream targeted gene of ANP32B and is positively regulated by ANP32B in lung cancer cells. According to our research, the expression of VDAC1 was positively associated with ANP32B expression in lung adenocarcinoma (r = 0.61, P < 0.001) samples by Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis. Furthermore, rescue experiments demonstrated that VDAC1 could rescue the effect of ANP32B expression on lung cancer cell proliferation and migration. Our results suggest that ANP32B overexpression facilitates lung cancer progression by increasing the expression of VDAC1. As such, we have revealed a novel mechanism regulating the connection between ANP32B and VDAC1 and a potential role of ANP32B as an oncogene and a clinical therapeutic target in lung cancer.

Relationship Between ACSL4-Mediated Ferroptosis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Purpose

Although cigarette smoke exposure is the major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the mechanism is not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis in lung epithelial cells plays a part in the COPD development process and its association.

Patients and Methods

In this study, animal and cell models of COPD were modelled using cigarette smoke extracts (CSEs), and cell viability, lipid ROS, iron ion deposition, and ferroptosis-related markers were measured in lung tissue and lung epithelial cells following CSE exposure. Morphological changes in mitochondria were observed in lung tissue and epithelial cells of the lung by transmission electron microscope. The expression levels of ACSL4 mRNA and protein in lung tissue and epithelial cells were measured by real-time PCR and Western blotting. In addition, animal-interfering lentivirus and cell-interfering RNA against ACSL4 were constructed in this study, ferroptosis in lung tissue and lung epithelial cells after ACSL4 interference was detected, and ACSL4 mRNA and protein expression levels were detected.

Results

CSE induced ferroptosis in lung tissues and lung epithelial cells, and the expression levels of ACSL4 were elevated in CSE-treated lung tissues and lung epithelial cells. After ACSL4 interference, the expression of ACSL4 decreased, mitochondrial morphology was restored, and ferroptosis in lung tissues and lung epithelial cells was alleviated. Both respiratory frequency and enhanced pause of COPD mice models decreased after ACSL4 interference.

Conclusion

ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis in lung epithelial cells is associated with COPD and positively correlated with ferroptosis in epithelial cells.

ACSL4 as a Potential Target and Biomarker for Anticancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Therapeutics

Cancer is a major public health problem around the world and the key leading cause of death in the world. It is well-known that glucolipid metabolism, immunoreaction, and growth/death pattern of cancer cells are markedly different from normal cells. Recently, acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family 4 (ACSL4) is found be participated in the activation of long chain fatty acids metabolism, immune signaling transduction, and ferroptosis, which can be a promising potential target and biomarker for anticancer. Specifically, ACSL4 inhibits the progress of lung cancer, estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer, cervical cancer and the up-regulation of ACSL4 can improve the sensitivity of cancer cells to ferroptosis by enhancing the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, it is undeniable that the high expression of ACSL4 in ER negative breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer can also be related with tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In the present review, we provide an update on understanding the controversial roles of ACSL4 in different cancer cells.

Expression and influence of Notch signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Notch signaling dysregulation plays an important role in altering cancer cell behaviors; however, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the role of Notch signaling related genes in human OSCC using a meta-analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO-publicly available gene expression microarray data) and to examine the role of Notch signaling in OSCC behaviors. The meta-analysis included 13 GEO datasets and was performed by combining effect sizes in a random effect model. The results demonstrated that in OSCC dysregulated genes participated in the metabolic process and protein binding as determined by gene ontology analysis. Enriched pathway analysis demonstrated the majority of the dysregulated genes were involved in pathway categories as follow; pathway in cancers, small cell lung cancer, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and cell cycle progression. Interestingly, the enriched pathway analysis also demonstrated that OSCC samples exhibited an upregulation of genes in Notch signaling pathway, namely JAG1, JAG2, ADAM17, NCSTN, PSEN1, NCOR2, NUMB, DVL3, HDAC1, and HDAC2. Furthermore, Notch signaling inhibition by a γ-secretase inhibitor significantly decreased OSCC cell proliferation in vitro, corresponding with a decrease in C-FOS mRNA expression. The study demonstrated that Notch signaling is dysregulated in human OSCC and plays a role in cell proliferation. (J Oral Sci 58, 283-294, 2016).