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Bouabdallah S, Al-Maktoum A, Amin A. Steroidal Saponins: Naturally Occurring Compounds as Inhibitors of the Hallmarks of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3900. [PMID: 37568716 PMCID: PMC10417465 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global health burden responsible for an exponentially growing number of incidences and mortalities, regardless of the significant advances in its treatment. The identification of the hallmarks of cancer is a major milestone in understanding the mechanisms that drive cancer initiation, development, and progression. In the past, the hallmarks of cancer have been targeted to effectively treat various types of cancers. These conventional cancer drugs have shown significant therapeutic efficacy but continue to impose unfavorable side effects on patients. Naturally derived compounds are being tested in the search for alternative anti-cancer drugs. Steroidal saponins are a group of naturally occurring compounds that primarily exist as secondary metabolites in plant species. Recent studies have suggested that steroidal saponins possess significant anti-cancer capabilities. This review aims to summarize the recent findings on steroidal saponins as inhibitors of the hallmarks of cancer and covers key studies published between the years 2014 and 2024. It is reported that steroidal saponins effectively inhibit the hallmarks of cancer, but poor bioavailability and insufficient preclinical studies limit their utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Bouabdallah
- Theranostic Biomarkers, LR23ES02, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Amna Al-Maktoum
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Amr Amin
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
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Luo Z, Wang T, Zhang Z, Zeng H, Yi M, Li P, Pan J, Zhu C, Lin N, Liang S, Verkhratsky A, Nie H. Polyphyllin VI screened from Chonglou by cell membrane immobilized chromatography relieves inflammatory pain by inhibiting inflammation and normalizing the expression of P2X 3 purinoceptor. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1117762. [PMID: 36865911 PMCID: PMC9971013 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1117762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Inflammatory pain is one of the most common diseases in daily life and clinic. In this work, we analysed bioactive components of the traditional Chinese medicine Chonglou and studied mechanisms of their analgesic effects. Material and methods: Molecular docking technology and U373 cells overexpressing P2X3 receptors combined with the cell membrane immobilized chromatography were used to screen possible CL bioactive molecules interacting with the P2X3 receptor. Moreover, we investigated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Polyphyllin VI (PPIV), in mice with chronic neuroinflammatory pain induced by CFA (complete Freund's adjuvant). Results: The results of cell membrane immobilized chromatography and molecular docking showed that PPVI was one of the effective compounds of Chonglou. In mice with CFA-induced chronic neuroinflammatory pain, PPVI decreased the thermal paw withdrawal latency and mechanical paw withdrawal threshold and diminished foot edema. Additionally, in mice with CFA-induced chronic neuroinflammatory pain, PPIV reduced the expression of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and downregulated the expression of P2X3 receptors in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord. Conclusion: Our work identifies PPVI as a potential analgesic component in the Chonglou extract. We demonstrated that PPVI reduces pain by inhibiting inflammation and normalizing P2X3 receptor expression in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Luo
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenglang Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hekun Zeng
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengqin Yi
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyang Li
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqin Pan
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Alexei Verkhratsky, ; Hong Nie,
| | - Hong Nie
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Alexei Verkhratsky, ; Hong Nie,
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Cho HJ, Kim E, Yi YS. Korean Red Ginseng Saponins Play an Anti-Inflammatory Role by Targeting Caspase-11 Non-Canonical Inflammasome in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021077. [PMID: 36674594 PMCID: PMC9861816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that Korean red ginseng (KRG) exerts an anti-inflammatory role through inhibiting caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome in macrophages; however, the components responsible for the anti-inflammatory role remained unclear. This study explored the anti-inflammatory activity of the KRG saponin fraction (KRGSF) in caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome-activated macrophages. KRGSF inhibited pyroptosis, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and inflammatory mediator production in caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome-activated J774A.1 cells. A mechanism study revealed that KRGSF-induced anti-inflammatory action was mediated via suppressing the proteolytic activation of caspase-11 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) in caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome-activated J774A.1 cells. Moreover, KRGSF increased the survival of lethal septic mice. Taken together, these results reveal KRGSF-mediated anti-inflammatory action with a novel mechanism, by inhibiting caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome in macrophages.
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Ki YS, Chung KS, Lee HW, Choi JH, Tapondjou LA, Jang E, Lee KT. Pennogenin-3-O-α-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-Glucopyranoside (Spiroconazol A) Isolated from Dioscorea bulbifera L. var. sativa Induces Autophagic Cell Death by p38 MAPK Activation in NSCLC Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070893. [PMID: 35890190 PMCID: PMC9319756 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we reported the isolation of pennogenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (spiroconazol A), a steroidal saponin, from the flowers of Dioscorea bulbifera L. var. sativa. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of spiroconazol A on autophagy and its underlying mechanisms in A549 and NCI-H358 human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Spiroconazol A inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. To determine the type of programmed cell death induced by spiroconazol A, we performed a characterization of apoptosis in spiroconazol A-treated A549 cells. Our results showed that spiroconazol A significantly suppressed A549 cell viability but did not influence cell apoptosis because phosphatidylserine and caspase activation were not detected. Furthermore, spiroconazol A treatment upregulated the expression of LC3-II and autophagy-related Beclin-1 protein, suggesting that spiroconazol A induces autophagy in A549 cells. Moreover, spiroconazol A activated the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) but did not affect the phosphorylation of Janus kinase or ERK1/2. Notably, SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, had a significant inhibitory effect on spiroconazol A-induced autophagic cell death in A549 cells. Our results indicated that spiroconazol A-induced autophagy is dependent on p38 MAPK signaling and has potential as a therapeutic target in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Sook Ki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.S.K.); (K.-S.C.); (H.-W.L.)
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.S.K.); (K.-S.C.); (H.-W.L.)
| | - Heon-Woo Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.S.K.); (K.-S.C.); (H.-W.L.)
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Léon Azefack Tapondjou
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 183, Cameroon;
| | - Eungyeong Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, 23, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.S.K.); (K.-S.C.); (H.-W.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-0860
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Liu J, Liu Y, Li H, Wei C, Mao A, Liu W, Pan G. Polyphyllin D induces apoptosis and protective autophagy in breast cancer cells through JNK1-Bcl-2 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114591. [PMID: 34481873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polyphyllin D (PD), an active component from rhizome of Paris polyphylla Sm, root and rhizome, shows a strong anti-cancer activity in several cancers. However, whether autophagy is involved in PD-induced cell death in breast cancer cells and its molecular mechanism has not yet been elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the anti-tumor effects of PD in breast cancer and the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS PD was isolated from P. polyphylla Sm and confirmed by HPLC and NMR. The role of PD in cell viability, apoptosis, autophagy in breast cancer cells were determined. RESULTS PD shows significant anti-tumor activity by inhibit cell proliferation and induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Moreover, PD treatment could induce autophagy by activation of JNK1/Bcl-2 pathway. Importantly, blocking of autophagy by using autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) dramatically increase PD-induced apoptosis as evidence by the increased percentage of apoptotic cell death. The anti-tumor effects of PD also investigated in vivo. The results showed that the combinatory treatment of PD with autophagy inhibitor significantly promote PD-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION PD could induce caspase-dependent apoptosis and cyto-protectvie autophagy by activation of JNK1/Bcl-2 pathway in breast cancer cells. Combination with an autophagy inhibitor significantly enhance cytotoxic effect of PD and this combination may be a promising candidate for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhe Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongchang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuangchao Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anwei Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Gaofeng Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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AN Z, HE P, WANG G, LIU G, JIANG J. PP-10 induces apoptosis via JNK/SPAK activation and STAT3 inhibition in Hepatocarcinoma cells in vitro. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.102921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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He H, Xu C, Zheng L, Wang K, Jin M, Sun Y, Yue Z. Polyphyllin VII induces apoptotic cell death via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt and NF‑κB pathways in A549 human lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:597-606. [PMID: 31974591 PMCID: PMC6947863 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphyllin VII is an active compound isolated from Paris polyphylla, which is termed Chonglou in China. The present study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the antitumor effect of Polyphyllin VII in lung cancer cells. The cytotoxic effect of Polyphyllin VII in human lung cancer A549 cells was analyzed; the results revealed an IC50 value of 0.41±0.10 µM at 24 h. The associated mechanisms were investigated by phase-contrast microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and western blot analysis. Exposure of A549 cells to Polyphyllin VII resulted in apoptosis. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of NF-κB, and wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3K, both decreased the proportion of viable A549 cells in the presence of Polyphyllin VII. The ratio of apoptotic cells increased in the presence of wortmannin and PDTC. Western blot analysis revealed that PI3K, phosphorylated (p)-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, NF-κB and p-NF-κB were downregulated following treatment with Polyphyllin VII. Increased caspase-3 activity, increased poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and a downregulation of inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase were observed following treatment with Polyphyllin VII, and these effects were enhanced by either wortmannin or PDTC. The present results revealed that Polyphyllin VII was able to induce apoptotic cell death in A549 human lung cancer cells via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Chang Xu
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Kaidi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Manfei Jin
- School of Public health, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Zhenggang Yue
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
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Sun LR, Zhou W, Zhang HM, Guo QS, Yang W, Li BJ, Sun ZH, Gao SH, Cui RJ. Modulation of Multiple Signaling Pathways of the Plant-Derived Natural Products in Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1153. [PMID: 31781485 PMCID: PMC6856297 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds are highly effective anticancer chemotherapeutic agents, and the targets of plant-derived anticancer agents have been widely reported. In this review, we focus on the main signaling pathways of apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis that are regulated by polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, and polysaccharides. Alkaloids primarily affect apoptosis-related pathways, while polysaccharides primarily target pathways related to proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Other compounds, such as flavonoids and saponins, affect all of these aspects. The association between compound structures and signaling pathways may play a critical role in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rui Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiu-Shi Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing-Jin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuo-Hui Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ran-Ji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Advances in the antitumor activities and mechanisms of action of steroidal saponins. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:732-748. [PMID: 30322607 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The steroidal saponins are one of the saponin types that exist in an unbound state and have various pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial and nerves-calming properties. Cancer is a growing health problem worldwide. Significant progress has been made to understand the antitumor effects of steroidal saponins in recent years. According to reported findings, steroidal saponins exert various antitumor activities, such as inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, and regulating the tumor microenvironment, through multiple related signaling pathways. This article focuses on the advances in domestic and foreign studies on the antitumor activity and mechanism of actions of steroidal saponins in the last five years to provide a scientific basis and research ideas for further development and clinical application of steroidal saponins.
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Diosgenin induces genotoxic and mutagenic effects on HepG2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:98-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Upadhyay S, Jeena GS, Shukla RK. Recent advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis and in vitro production. PLANTA 2018; 248:519-544. [PMID: 29748819 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal saponins exhibited numerous pharmacological activities due to the modification of their backbone by different cytochrome P450s (P450) and UDP glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Plant-derived steroidal saponins are not sufficient for utilizing them for commercial purpose so in vitro production of saponin by tissue culture, root culture, embryo culture, etc, is necessary for its large-scale production. Saponin glycosides are the important class of plant secondary metabolites, which consists of either steroidal or terpenoidal backbone. Due to the existence of a wide range of medicinal properties, saponin glycosides are pharmacologically very important. This review is focused on important medicinal properties of steroidal saponin, its occurrence, and biosynthesis. In addition to this, some recently identified plants containing steroidal saponins in different parts were summarized. The high throughput transcriptome sequencing approach elaborates our understanding related to the secondary metabolic pathway and its regulation even in the absence of adequate genomic information of non-model plants. The aim of this review is to encapsulate the information related to applications of steroidal saponin and its biosynthetic enzymes specially P450s and UGTs that are involved at later stage modifications of saponin backbone. Lastly, we discussed the in vitro production of steroidal saponin as the plant-based production of saponin is time-consuming and yield a limited amount of saponins. A large amount of plant material has been used to increase the production of steroidal saponin by employing in vitro culture technique, which has received a lot of attention in past two decades and provides a way to conserve medicinal plants as well as to escape them for being endangered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Upadhyay
- Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (CSIR-CIMAP) P.O. CIMAP (a laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Gajendra Singh Jeena
- Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (CSIR-CIMAP) P.O. CIMAP (a laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Shukla
- Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (CSIR-CIMAP) P.O. CIMAP (a laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India.
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Guo Y, Liu Z, Li K, Cao G, Sun C, Cheng G, Zhang D, Peng W, Liu J, Qi Y, Zhang L, Wang P, Chen Y, Lin Z, Guan Y, Zhang J, Wen J, Wang F, Kong F, Xu D, Zhao S. Paris Polyphylla-Derived Saponins Inhibit Growth of Bladder Cancer Cells by Inducing Mutant P53 Degradation While Up-Regulating CDKN1A Expression. Curr Urol 2018; 11:131-138. [PMID: 29692692 DOI: 10.1159/000447207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (PPVY), a Chinese herb, has long been used for cancer treatment, and its steroidal saponins are suggested to exert an anti-tumor activity, however, the underlying mechanism is incompletely understood and their effect on bladder cancer (BC) remains unknown. The present study is thus designed to address these issues. Material and Methods Total steroidal saponins were extracted with ethanol from PPVY and used to treat BC cells (HT1197 and J82 carrying mutant p53). Gene expression was determined using qPCR and immunoblotting and cell cycle analyzed using flow cytometry. DNA damage response activation was assessed using immunofluorescence staining. Results PPVY saponins treatment led to dose-dependent declines in the number of both HT1197 and J82 cells with IC50 approximately 1.2 μg/ml, which was coupled with strong growth arrest at G2/M phase and the activation of DNA damage response pathway. Moreover, the clonogenic potential of these cells was severely impaired even in the presence of low concentrations of PPVY saponins. Mechanistically, PPVY saponins induced the degradation of mutant p53 while stimulated CDKN1A gene transcription. Phosphorylated AKT was diminished in PPVY saponin-treated cells, but its specific inhibitor LY294002 exhibited significantly weaker efficacy in inducing CDKN1A expression than did PPVY saponins. Conclusion PPVY saponins activate DNA damage response pathway, degrade mutant p53 and stimulate CDKN1A expression, thereby inhibiting BC cell growth. Given their poor absorption via oral administration, PPVY saponins may be applicable for intravesical instillations in BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Guo
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital CMM, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Kailin Li
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangshang Cao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Chao Sun
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guanghui Cheng
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Denglu Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Wei Peng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Kidney Regeneration of Shandong Province
| | - Yuanfu Qi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Lu Zhang
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaomin Lin
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Guan
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiliang Wen
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Kong
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dawei Xu
- Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital CMM, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shengtian Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.,Key Laboratory for Kidney Regeneration of Shandong Province.,Shandong University-Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Jinan, China
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Qiumin H, Biao X, Weihong W, Chongyun B, Shaowei H. [Inhibitory effect and underlying mechanism of total saponins from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis on the proliferation of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma ACC-83 cells]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2017; 35:317-321. [PMID: 28675019 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effect and underlying mechanism of total saponins from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis on the proliferation of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma ACC-83 cells. METHODS In vitro cell culture was performed. The proliferation of ACC-83 cells treated with different concentrations (5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 μg·mL⁻¹) of total saponins from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis was observed using CCK-8 assay. Meanwhile, the apoptosis of ACC-83 cells treated with different concentrations (25, 50, 100 μg·mL⁻¹) of the total saponins was observed using flow cytometry. The expression levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and CD74 were measured using Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The total saponins from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis induced apoptosis and expressed dose-effect relationship. ACC-83 cells expressed MIF and CD74, and the total saponins suppressed MIF and CD74 expression in ACC-83 cells. CONCLUSIONS The total saponins from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis can significantly inhibit the proliferation, suppress MIF and CD74 expression, and promote apoptosis in ACC-83 cells. This study provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma using Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Qiumin
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Xu Biao
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Wang Weihong
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Bao Chongyun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hu Shaowei
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650106, China
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The Cdc2/Cdk1 inhibitor, purvalanol A, enhances the cytotoxic effects of taxol through Op18/stathmin in non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:235-242. [PMID: 28534969 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purvalanol A is a highly selective inhibitor of Cdc2 [also known as cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1)]. Taxol is an anti-tumor chemotherapeutic drug which is widely used clinically. In this study, the CDK1 inhibitor, purvalanol A was applied to explore the relevance of Cdc2 signaling and taxol sensitivity through analyses, such as cellular proliferation and apoptosis assays, ELISA, western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation. We demonstrated that purvalanol A effectively enhanced the taxol-induced apoptosis of NCI-H1299 cells, as well as its inhibitory effects on cellular proliferation and colony formation. In combination, purvalanol A and taxol mainly decreased the expression of oncoprotein 18 (Op18)/stathmin and phosphorylation at Ser16 and Ser38, while purvalanol A alone inhibited the phosphorylation of Op18/stathmin at all 4 serine sites. Co-treatment with purvalanol A and taxol weakened the expression of Bcl-2 and activated the extrinsic cell death pathway through the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8. Further experiments indicated that Cdc2 kinase activities, including the expression of Cdc2 and the level of phospho-Cdc2 (Thr161) were significantly higher in taxol-resistant NCI-H1299 cells compared with the relatively sensitive CNE1 cells before and following treatment with taxol. These findings suggest that Cdc2 is positively associatd with the development of taxol resistance. The Cdc2 inhibitor, purvalanol A, enhanced the cytotoxic effects of taxol through Op18/stathmin. Our findings may prove to be useful in clinical practice, as they may provide a treatment strategy with which to to reduce the doses of taxol applied clinically, thus alleviating the side-effects.
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Song S, Du L, Jiang H, Zhu X, Li J, Xu J. Paris Saponin I Sensitizes Gastric Cancer Cell Lines to Cisplatin via Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3798-3803. [PMID: 27755523 PMCID: PMC5081239 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dose-related toxicity is the major restriction of cisplatin and cisplatin-combination chemotherapy, and is a challenge for advanced gastric cancer treatment. We explored the possibility of using Paris saponin I as an agent to sensitize gastric cancer cells to cisplatin, and examined the underlying mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS Growth inhibition was detected by MTT assay. The cell cycle and apoptosis were detected using flow cytometry and Annexin V/PI staining. The P21waf1/cip1, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 protein expression were detected using Western blot analysis. RESULTS The results revealed that PSI sensitized gastric cancer cells to cisplatin, with low toxicity. The IC50 value of cisplatin in SGC-7901 cell lines was decreased when combined with PSI. PSI promoted cisplatin-induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in a cisplatin concentration-dependent manner. Bcl-2 protein expression decreased, but Bax, caspase-3, and P21waf1/cip1 protein expression increased with PSI treatment. CONCLUSIONS The underlying mechanism of Paris saponin I may be related to targeting the apoptosis pathway and cell cycle blocking, which suggests that PSI is a potential therapeutic sensitizer for cisplatin in treating gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichuan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, 117 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Leiwen Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, 117 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xinhai Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jinhui Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Ji Xu
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Luxeme Medical Cosmetology Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Zhang L, Man S, Wang Y, Liu J, Liu Z, Yu P, Gao W. Paris Saponin II induced apoptosis via activation of autophagy in human lung cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 253:125-33. [PMID: 27180204 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Paris Saponin II (PSII) has been shown anticancer activity against several cancer lines through the pro-apoptotic pathway. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between apoptosis and autophagy taking part in the anti-cancer mechanisms of PSII. In this study, PSII induced autophagy and apoptosis in dose- and time-dependent manners. Meanwhile, it induced autophagy as early as 2 h after exposure to 1 μM of PSII accompanying with apoptosis. Blockade of autophagy with chloroquine (CQ) attenuated apoptosis, while regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), gallic acid (GA) and H2O2 could not influence autophagy. In addition, PSII induced apoptosis via activation of autophagy, which might be associated with the activation of JNK and inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. All in all, our research increased the understanding of the role of PSII regulating autophagy and apoptosis, which would hopefully provide prospective strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shuli Man
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Yongshuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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In silico identification of anti-cancer compounds and plants from traditional Chinese medicine database. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25462. [PMID: 27145869 PMCID: PMC4857115 DOI: 10.1038/srep25462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a constant demand to develop new, effective, and affordable anti-cancer drugs. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a valuable and alternative resource for identifying novel anti-cancer agents. In this study, we aim to identify the anti-cancer compounds and plants from the TCM database by using cheminformatics. We first predicted 5278 anti-cancer compounds from TCM database. The top 346 compounds were highly potent active in the 60 cell lines test. Similarity analysis revealed that 75% of the 5278 compounds are highly similar to the approved anti-cancer drugs. Based on the predicted anti-cancer compounds, we identified 57 anti-cancer plants by activity enrichment. The identified plants are widely distributed in 46 genera and 28 families, which broadens the scope of the anti-cancer drug screening. Finally, we constructed a network of predicted anti-cancer plants and approved drugs based on the above results. The network highlighted the supportive role of the predicted plant in the development of anti-cancer drug and suggested different molecular anti-cancer mechanisms of the plants. Our study suggests that the predicted compounds and plants from TCM database offer an attractive starting point and a broader scope to mine for potential anti-cancer agents.
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ZHAO PENGJUN, SONG SHUICHUAN, DU LEIWEN, ZHOU GUOHUA, MA SHENGLIN, LI JINHUI, FENG JIANGUO, ZHU XINHAI, JIANG HAO. Paris Saponins enhance radiosensitivity in a gefitinib-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cell line by inducing apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle phase arrest. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2878-84. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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