Inhibition of Azoxymethane-induced Colorectal Aberrant Crypt Foci in Mice Fed a High-fat Diet by Pleurotus eryngii (Eringi) and Hypsizygus marmoreus (Bunashimeji)

Fabrication and 3D printing of Pickering emulsion gel based on Hypsizygus marmoreus by-products protein

Pickering emulsion gel (PEG) stabilized by the protein extracted from the by-product of Hypsizygus marmoreus, combining with xanthan gum (XG), was formulated as 3D printing ink. Hydrogen bonds are formed in XG/protein hybrid particles. Afterwards, PEG was developed. Results indicated that it has shear-thinning properties. The apparent viscosity, yield stress, Elastic modulus (G') and gel strength increased with the increased XG addition, while the size of emulsion decreased. XG incorporation improved the 3D printing performance with desired self-supporting capability and printing precision if its concentration reached 2.0% (w/v). This study provides ideas for the application of Hypsizygus marmoreus by-products protein in stabilizing PEG used for 3D printing, which has a potential to replace traditional hydrogenated cream for cake decoration.

Weight loss following diet-induced obesity does not alter colon tumorigenesis in the AOM mouse model

Obesity presents a significant public health concern given its association with increased cancer incidence, unfavorable prognosis, and metastasis. However, there is very little literature on the effects of weight loss, following obesity, on risk for colon cancer or liver cancer. Therefore, we sought to study whether intentional weight loss through diet manipulation was capable of mitigating colon and liver cancer in mice. We fed mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) comprised of 47% carbohydrates, 40% fat, and 13% protein for 20 wk to mimic human obesity. Subsequently, azoxymethane (AOM) was used to promote colon and liver carcinogenesis. A subset of obese mice was then switched to a low-fat diet (LFD) containing 67.5% carbohydrate, 12.2% fat, and 20% protein to promote intentional weight loss. Body weight loss and excess fat reduction did not protect mice from colon cancer progression and liver dysplastic lesion in the AOM-chemical-cancer model even though these mice had improved blood glucose and leptin levels. Intentional weight loss in AOM-treated mice actually produced histological changes that resemble dysplastic alterations in the liver and presented a higher percentage of F4/80⁺CD206⁺ macrophages and activated T cells (CD4⁺CD69⁺) in the spleen and lymph nodes, respectively. In addition, the liver of AOM-treated mice exposed to a HFD during the entire period of the experiment exhibited a marked increase in proliferation and pNF-κB activation. Altogether, these data suggest that intentional weight loss following chemical-induced carcinogenesis does not affect colon tumorigenesis but may in fact negatively impact liver repair mechanisms.