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Pei X, Zhu J, Wang Y, Zhang F, He Y, Li Y, Si Y. Placental galectins: a subfamily of galectins lose the ability to bind β-galactosides with new structural features†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:799-811. [PMID: 37672213 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a phylogenetically conserved family of soluble β-galactoside binding proteins. There are 16 different of galectins, each with a specific function determined by its distinct distribution and spatial structure. Galectin-13, galectin-14, and galectin-16 are distinct from other galectin members in that they are primarily found in placental tissue. These galectins, also referred to as placental galectins, play critical roles in regulating pregnancy-associated processes, such as placenta formation and maternal immune tolerance to the embedded embryo. The unique structural characteristics and the inability to bind lactose of placental galectins have recently received significant attention. This review primarily examines the novel structural features of placental galectins, which distinguish them from the classic galectins. Furthermore, it explores the correlation between these structural features and the loss of β-galactoside binding ability. In addition, the newly discovered functions of placental galectins in recent years are also summarized in our review. A detailed understanding of the roles of placental galectins may contribute to the discovery of new mechanisms causing numerous pregnancy diseases and enable the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases, ultimately benefiting the health of mothers and offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Pei
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Xuzhou Tongshan Maocun High School, Xuzhou 221135, China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Fali Zhang
- Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Yufeng He
- Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Yuchun Li
- Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Yunlong Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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2
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An J, Nagaki Y, Motoyama S, Kuze Y, Hoshizaki M, Kemuriyama K, Yamaguchi T, Ebihara T, Minamiya Y, Suzuki Y, Imai Y, Kuba K. Identification of Galectin-7 as a crucial metastatic enhancer of squamous cell carcinoma associated with immunosuppression. Oncogene 2022; 41:5319-5330. [PMID: 36335283 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis predicts poor prognosis in cancer patients. It has been recognized that specific tumor microenvironment defines cancer cell metastasis, whereas the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we show that Galectin-7 is a crucial mediator of metastasis associated with immunosuppression. In a syngeneic mouse squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) model of NR-S1M cells, we isolated metastasized NR-S1M cells from lymph nodes in tumor-bearing mice and established metastatic NR-S1M cells in in vitro culture. RNA-seq analysis revealed that interferon gene signature was markedly downregulated in metastatic NR-S1M cells compared with parental cells, and in vivo NR-S1M tumors heterogeneously developed focal immunosuppressive areas featured by deficiency of anti-tumor immune cells. Spatial transcriptome analysis (Visium) for the NR-S1M tumors revealed that various pro-metastatic genes were significantly upregulated in immunosuppressive areas when compared to immunocompetent areas. Notably, Galectin-7 was identified as a novel metastasis-driving factor. Galectin-7 expression was induced during tumorigenesis particularly in the microenvironment of immunosuppression, and extracellularly released at later stage of tumor progression. Deletion of Galectin-7 in NR-S1M cells significantly suppressed lymph node and lung metastasis without affecting primary tumor growth. Therefore, Galectin-7 is a crucial mediator of tumor metastasis of SCC, which is educated in the immune-suppressed tumor areas, and may be a potential target of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo An
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yushi Nagaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Satoru Motoyama
- Department of Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yuta Kuze
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Midori Hoshizaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.,Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kohei Kemuriyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Takashi Ebihara
- Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Minamiya
- Department of Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yumiko Imai
- Laboratory of Regulation of Intractable Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Keiji Kuba
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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3
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Liang Y, Wang Y, Zhu X, Cai J, Shi A, Huang J, Zhu Q, Si Y. Binding of Glycerol to Human Galectin-7 Expands Stability and Modulates Its Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012318. [PMID: 36293173 PMCID: PMC9604435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol is seen in biological systems as an intermediate in lipid metabolism. In recent years, glycerol has been reported to act as a chemical chaperone to correct the conformation of proteins. Here, we investigate the role of glycerol in galectin-7 (Gal-7). The thermal shift and CD assays showed that the thermal stability of Gal-7 increased with glycerol concentration but with little secondary structure changes induced by glycerol. In addition, glycerol can inhibit Gal-7-mediated erythrocyte agglutination. We also solved the crystal structures of human Gal-7 in complex with glycerol in two different conditions. Glycerol binds at the carbohydrate-recognition binding sites of Gal-7, which indicates glycerol as a small ligand for Gal-7. Surprisingly, glycerol can bind a new pocket near the N-terminus of Gal-7, which can greatly reduce the flexibility and improve the stability of this region. Moreover, overexpression of Gal-7 decreased the intracellular triglyceride levels and increased mRNA expression of aquaporin-3 (AQP-3) when HeLa cells were incubated with glycerol. These findings indicate that Gal-7 might regulate glycerol metabolism. Overall, our results on human Gal-7 raise the perspective to systematically explore this so far unrecognized phenomenon for Gal-7 in glycerol metabolism.
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Funkhouser AT, Strigenz AM, Blair BB, Miller AP, Shealy JC, Ewing JA, Martin JC, Funk CR, Edenfield WJ, Blenda AV. KIT Mutations Correlate with Higher Galectin Levels and Brain Metastasis in Breast and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112781. [PMID: 35681762 PMCID: PMC9179545 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate a potential role for galectins as biomarkers that enable diagnosis or prognostication of breast or non-small cell lung cancer, the serum levels of galectins -1, -3, -7, -8, and -9 of cancer patients determined by ELISA assays were compared to the mutation status of 50 known cancer-critical genes, which were determined using multiplex PCR in tumors of the same patients. Mutations in the KIT proto-oncogene, which codes for the c-Kit protein, a receptor tyrosine kinase, correlated with higher levels of galectins -1, -3, -8, and -9 in breast cancer patients and galectin-1 in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Mutations in the KIT gene were more likely found in brain metastases from both of these primary cancers. The most common KIT mutation in our panel was p.M541L, a missense mutation in the transmembrane domain of the c-Kit protein. These results demonstrate an association between KIT oncogenic signaling and elevated serum galectins in patients with metastatic disease. Changes in protein trafficking and the glycocalyx composition of cancer cells may explain the observed alterations in galectin expression. This study can be useful for the targeted selection of receptor tyrosine kinase and galectin inhibitor anti-cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery T Funkhouser
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Alexander M Strigenz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Bailey B Blair
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Andrew P Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Jonah C Shealy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Joseph A Ewing
- Data Support Core, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Julie C Martin
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Christopher R Funk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Anna V Blenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
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5
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Shi Y, Tang D, Li X, Xie X, Ye Y, Wang L. Galectin Family Members: Emerging Novel Targets for Lymphoma Therapy? Front Oncol 2022; 12:889034. [PMID: 35677161 PMCID: PMC9168125 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.889034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The galectin family of proteins has high affinity with β-galactoside-containing glycans. These proteins participate in cell growth and differentiation, cell adhesion, cell signal transduction, cell apoptosis, and other cellular activities. In recent years, a large number of studies have described the expression and correlation of galectins in different tumors. Each member of the family plays a vital role in tumor growth, progression, angiogenesis, adhesion, and tumor immune escape. Studies on the roles of galectins in lymphoma have mainly involved galectin-1, -3, -7, and -9. The results suggest that galectins may become novel targets for precise tumor treatment. This article reviews current research progress regarding galectins in lymphoma and provides new ideas for exploring them as novel targets for treating lymphoma and other important medical issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Shi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Danting Tang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yufu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
- Linyi Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Linyi, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Wang,
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6
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Yu D, Bu M, Yu P, Li Y, Chong Y. Regulation of wound healing and fibrosis by galectins. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:861-874. [PMID: 35589840 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of proteins with at least one carbohydrate-recognition domain. Galectins are present in various tissues and organs and participate in different physiological and pathological molecular reactions in vivo. Wound healing is the basic process of traumatic disease recovery. Wound healing involves three overlapping stages: inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. Furthermore, a comparison of wound healing with the tumour microenvironment revealed that galectin plays a key role in the wound healing process. The current review describes the role of galectin in inflammation, angiogenesis, re-epithelialisation, and fibrous scar formation and evaluates its potential as a therapeutic drug for wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Bu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Chong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Mielczarek-Palacz A, Kondera-Anasz Z, Smycz-Kubańska M, Englisz A, Janusz A, Królewska-Daszczyńska P, Wendlocha D. The role of galectins‑1, 3, 7, 8 and 9 as potential diagnostic and therapeutic markers in ovarian cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:166. [PMID: 35293602 PMCID: PMC8941520 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of ovarian cancer is increasing, particularly throughout the highly developed countries, while this cancer type remains a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The currently poorly recognized lectins called galectins have various roles in interactions occurring in the tumor microenvironment. Galectins are involved in tumor-associated processes, including the promotion of growth, adhesion, angiogenesis and survival of tumor cells. Results of research studies performed so far point to a complex role of galectins-1, 3, −7, −8 and −9 in carcinogenesis of ovarian cancer and elucidation of the mechanisms may contribute to novel forms of therapies targeting the proteins. In particular, it appears important to recognize the reasons for changes in expression of galectins. Galectins also appear to be a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool to evaluate tumor progression or the efficacy of therapies in patients with ovarian cancer, which requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mielczarek-Palacz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Zdzisława Kondera-Anasz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Smycz-Kubańska
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Englisz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Janusz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Królewska-Daszczyńska
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dominika Wendlocha
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
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Ramos-Martinez JC, Altamirano-Gómez G, Ramos-Marinez I, Valencia J, Hernandez-Zimbron L, Hernandez-Juarez J, Echeverría-Vásquez P, Hernández-González LL, Campos EP, Mayoral LPC, Ramos-Martinez E. Prognostic value of galectin expression in patients with breast cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Breast Cancer 2021; 22:399-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Sewgobind NV, Albers S, Pieters RJ. Functions and Inhibition of Galectin-7, an Emerging Target in Cellular Pathophysiology. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111720. [PMID: 34827718 PMCID: PMC8615947 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-7 is a soluble unglycosylated lectin that is able to bind specifically to β-galactosides. It has been described to be involved in apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation, but also in cell adhesion and migration. Several disorders and diseases are discussed by covering the aforementioned biological processes. Structural features of galectin-7 are discussed as well as targeting the protein intracellularly or extracellularly. The exact molecular mechanisms that lie behind many biological processes involving galectin-7 are not known. It is therefore useful to come up with chemical probes or tools in order to obtain knowledge of the physiological processes. The objective of this review is to summarize the roles and functions of galectin-7 in the human body, providing reasons why it is necessary to design inhibitors for galectin-7, to give the reader structural insights and describe its current inhibitors.
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Richter A, Fichtner A, Joost J, Brockmeyer P, Kauffmann P, Schliephake H, Hammerstein-Equord A, Kueffer S, Urlaub H, Oellerich T, Ströbel P, Bohnenberger H, Bremmer F. Quantitative proteomics identifies biomarkers to distinguish pulmonary from head and neck squamous cell carcinomas by immunohistochemistry. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021; 8:33-47. [PMID: 34647699 PMCID: PMC8682946 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation between a pulmonary metastasis and a newly developed squamous cell carcinoma of the lung in patients with prior head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is difficult due to a lack of biomarkers but is crucially important for the prognosis and therapy of the affected patient. By using high‐resolution mass spectrometry in combination with stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture, we identified 379 proteins that are differentially expressed in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and the head and neck. Of those, CAV1, CAV2, LGALS1, LGALS7, CK19, and UGDH were tested by immunohistochemistry on 194 tissue samples (98 lung and 96 HNSCCs). The combination of CAV1 and LGALS7 was able to distinguish the origin of the squamous cell carcinoma with high accuracy (area under the curve 0.876). This biomarker panel was tested on a cohort of 12 clinically classified lung tumours of unknown origin after HNSCC. Nine of those tumours were immunohistochemically classifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Richter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Fichtner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Joost
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Brockmeyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kauffmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Schliephake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Kueffer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytics, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Oellerich
- Department of Medicine II, Haematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Felix Bremmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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11
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Targeting galectins in T cell-based immunotherapy within tumor microenvironment. Life Sci 2021; 277:119426. [PMID: 33785342 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, tumor immunotherapy has emerged as an innovative tumor treatment and owned incomparable advantages over other tumor therapy. With unique complexity and uncertainty, immunotherapy still need helper to apply in the clinic. Galectins, modulated in tumor microenvironment, can regulate the disorders of innate and adaptive immune system resisting tumor growth. Considering the role of galectins in tumor immunosuppression, combination therapy of targeted anti-galectins and immunotherapy may be a promising tumor treatment. This brief review summarizes the expression and immune functions of different galectins in tumor microenvironment and discusses the potential value of anti-galectins in combination with checkpoint inhibitors in tumor immunotherapy.
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12
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Wang SF, Huang KH, Tseng WC, Lo JF, Li AFY, Fang WL, Chen CF, Yeh TS, Chang YL, Chou YC, Hung HH, Lee HC. DNAJA3/Tid1 Is Required for Mitochondrial DNA Maintenance and Regulates Migration and Invasion of Human Gastric Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113463. [PMID: 33233689 PMCID: PMC7699785 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a common health issue. Deregulated cellular energetics is regarded as a cancer hallmark and mitochondrial dysfunction might contribute to cancer progression. Tid1, a mitochondrial co-chaperone, may play a role as a tumor suppressor in various cancers, but the role of Tid1 in gastric cancers remains under investigated. METHODS The clinical TCGA online database and immunohistochemical staining for Tid1 expression in tumor samples of gastric cancer patients were analyzed. Tid1 knockdown by siRNA was applied to investigate the role of Tid1 in gastric cancer cells. RESULTS Low Tid1 protein-expressing gastric cancer patients had a poorer prognosis and higher lymph node invasion than high Tid1-expressing patients. Knockdown of Tid1 did not increase cell proliferation, colony/tumor sphere formation, or chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer cells. However, Tid1 knockdown increased cell migration and invasion. Moreover, Tid1 knockdown reduced the mtDNA copy number of gastric cancer cells. In addition, the Tid1-galectin-7-MMP-9 axis might be associated with Tid1 knockdown-induced cell migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Tid1 is required for mtDNA maintenance and regulates migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Tid1 deletion may be a poor prognostic factor in gastric cancers and could be further investigated for development of gastric cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (S.-F.W.); (Y.-L.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (J.-F.L.)
| | - Kuo-Hung Huang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (K.-H.H.); (A.F.-Y.L.); (W.-L.F.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chuan Tseng
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (J.-F.L.)
| | - Jeng-Fan Lo
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (J.-F.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Anna Fen-Yau Li
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (K.-H.H.); (A.F.-Y.L.); (W.-L.F.)
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Liang Fang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (K.-H.H.); (A.F.-Y.L.); (W.-L.F.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Feng Chen
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Tien-Shun Yeh
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Yuh-Lih Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (S.-F.W.); (Y.-L.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (J.-F.L.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ching Chou
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (S.-F.W.); (Y.-L.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (J.-F.L.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsu Hung
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-H.H.); (H.-C.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2826-7327 (H.-C.L.)
| | - Hsin-Chen Lee
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (W.-C.T.); (J.-F.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.-H.H.); (H.-C.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2826-7327 (H.-C.L.)
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Cymbaluk-Płoska A, Gargulińska P, Kwiatkowski S, Pius-Sadowska E, Machaliński B. Could Galectin 3 Be a Good Prognostic Factor in Endometrial Cancer? Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10090635. [PMID: 32859099 PMCID: PMC7554825 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin 3 is a modulator of several basic biological functions. It may be involved in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes—risk factors of endometrial cancer. The study involved 144 patients, after abrasion due to postmenopausal bleeding. Galectin 3 concentrations were quantified in serum by multiplex fluorescent bead-based immunoassays. Median serum galectin 3 concentrations revealed significant differences between FIGO III and IV vs. FIGO I and II patients. Statistically higher concentrations were reported for patients with lymph node metastases compared to patients without it (p = 0.001) as well as in patients with lymphovascular space invasion compared to patients without LVSI (p = 0.02). No statistically significant differences were observed for median of galectin 3 levels depending on the surgical procedure (laparoscopy vs. laparotomy, p = 0.0608). Patients with galectin 3 levels exceeding the median value were characterized by overall survival being shorter by 11.9 months. High levels of galectin 3 were correlated with shorter disease-free survival, the difference is up to 14.8 months. Galectin 3 can be an independent prognostic factor in patients with endometrial cancer. Among the recognized prognostic factors and the concentrations of the galectin 3 marker at the adopted time points, the univariate analysis showed a significant effect of staging, grading, and cutoff galectin 3 on the OS. For multivariate analysis, the galectin 3 cutoff point had the greatest significant impact on OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Paula Gargulińska
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Kwiatkowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Pius-Sadowska
- General Pathology Department, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.P.-S.); (B.M.)
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- General Pathology Department, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.P.-S.); (B.M.)
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14
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Shimada C, Xu R, Al-Alem L, Stasenko M, Spriggs DR, Rueda BR. Galectins and Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061421. [PMID: 32486344 PMCID: PMC7352943 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is known for its aggressive pathological features, including the capacity to undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition, promoting angiogenesis, metastatic potential, chemoresistance, inhibiting apoptosis, immunosuppression and promoting stem-like features. Galectins, a family of glycan-binding proteins defined by a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain, can modulate many of these processes, enabling them to contribute to the pathology of ovarian cancer. Our goal herein was to review specific galectin members identified in the context of ovarian cancer, with emphasis on their association with clinical and pathological features, implied functions, diagnostic or prognostic potential and strategies being developed to disrupt their negative actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisa Shimada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.S.); (R.X.); (L.A.-A.); (D.R.S.)
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.S.); (R.X.); (L.A.-A.); (D.R.S.)
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Linah Al-Alem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.S.); (R.X.); (L.A.-A.); (D.R.S.)
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marina Stasenko
- Gynecology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York City, NY 10065, USA;
| | - David R. Spriggs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.S.); (R.X.); (L.A.-A.); (D.R.S.)
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bo R. Rueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.S.); (R.X.); (L.A.-A.); (D.R.S.)
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence:
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Athari SS. Targeting cell signaling in allergic asthma. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:45. [PMID: 31637021 PMCID: PMC6799822 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is chronic inflammation of the airways characterized by airway hyper-responsiveness, wheezing, cough, and dyspnea. Asthma affects >350 million people worldwide. The Th2 immune response is a major contributor to the pathophysiology of asthma. Targeted therapy modulating cell signaling pathways can be a powerful strategy to design new drugs to treat asthma. The potential molecular pathways that can be targeted include IL-4-IL-13-JAK-STAT-MAP kinases, adiponectin-iNOS-NF-κB, PGD2-CRTH2, IFNs-RIG, Wnt/β-catenin-FAM13A, FOXC1-miR-PI3K/AKT, JNK-Gal-7, Nrf2-ROS, Foxp3-RORγt, CysLTR, AMP, Fas-FasL, PTHrP/PPARγ, PAI-1, FcɛRI-LAT-SLP-76, Tim-3-Gal-9, TLRs-MyD88, PAR2, and Keap1/Nrf2/ARE. Therapeutic drugs can be designed to target one or more of these pathways to treat asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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16
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Silencing of Gal-7 inhibits TGF-β 1-induced apoptosis of human airway epithelial cells through JNK signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2018; 375:100-105. [PMID: 30594507 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis of epithelial cells is regarded as the initial pathological process of many lung diseases, including asthma. Previous studies have identified that galectin-7 (Gal-7), a regulator of apoptosis, was overexpressed in bronchial epithelial cells in asthma. However, the effect and mechanism of Gal-7 in the progression of asthma is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression and role of Gal-7 in the apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B upon TGF-β1 stimulation. TGF-β1 significantly induced apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells, as determined by flow cytometry. Western blot results revealed that the mRNA and protein expression of Gal-7 were obviously increased after TGF-β1 stimulation. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of Gal-7 abrogated TGF-β1-evoked cell apoptosis. Simultaneously, increased Bcl-2 expression, decreased Bax expression and the cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 activity were also monitored in TGF-β1-treated cells after Gal-7 siRNA transfection. Gal-7 silence also inhibited TGF-β1-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation in BEAS-2B cells. Furthermore, anisomycin, a specific activator for JNK, reversed the effect of Gal-7 siRNA on cell apoptosis induced by TGF-β1. These results demonstrate that Gal-7 silence attenuates TGF-β1-induced apoptosis in bronchial epithelial cells through the inactivation of JNK pathway. Therefore, Gal-7 may act as a potential target for asthma treatment.
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17
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Chetry M, Thapa S, Hu X, Song Y, Zhang J, Zhu H, Zhu X. The Role of Galectins in Tumor Progression, Treatment and Prognosis of Gynecological Cancers. J Cancer 2018; 9:4742-4755. [PMID: 30588260 PMCID: PMC6299382 DOI: 10.7150/jca.23628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are the member of soluble proteins that bind with β-galactoside containing glycans. These proteins have been considered to be associated in various important events such as different types of cancers. It has been found that galectins could contribute to neoplastic transformation or regulate cell growth, cell apoptosis, and immune cells, causing tumor invasion, progression, metastasis and angiogenesis. Somehow, galectins are also found to exert a protective effect on cancer in a tissue-dependent way. These glycans binding proteins have been shown to be involved in the regulation of different tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes with their possible roles in human cancers. Objective of the current review is to summarize the role of galectin-1, -3 -7, and -9 in tumorigenesis of gynecological cancers. Galectin protein may be a potential therapeutic target in gynecological malignancies due to reported radio- and chemo- sensitivities, immunotherapeutic, anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative activities. This review considers the evidence for the future research that how galectins may be important in the progression and treatment of gynecological cancers along with its potent use as a novel prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandika Chetry
- Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Saroj Thapa
- MD, Department of Internal Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yizuo Song
- Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Wenzhou 325027, China
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Menkhorst E, Griffiths M, Van Sinderen M, Rainczuk K, Niven K, Dimitriadis E. Galectin-7 is elevated in endometrioid (type I) endometrial cancer and promotes cell migration. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4721-4728. [PMID: 30250540 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most commonly diagnosed gynecological malignancy in Australian women. Notably, its incidence and mortality rate is increasing. Despite this, there are limited treatment options for EC. Galectin-7 regulates tumorigenesis in numerous epithelial cancer types, but the role of galectin-7 has not been investigated in EC. It was hypothesized that galectin-7 expression would be altered in EC and contribute to the development of EC. Galectin-7 levels in EC and benign endometrium were quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and ELISA. The effect of recombinant galectin-7 (1 µg/ml) on cell adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis (xCELLigence and flow cytometry), migration (wound healing assay) and gene expression (RT-qPCR) was investigated using three human EC cell lines (Ishikawa, HEC1A and AN3CA). Galectin-7 gene and protein expression was significantly elevated in Grade 3 EC, compared with benign tissues. Galectin-7 was almost undetectable in Ishikawa and AN3CA cells, but highly expressed by HEC1A cells. Recombinant galectin-7 had no significant effect on cell proliferation or apoptosis in any cell line, but significantly reduced cell adhesion in Ishikawa (at 4 and 6 h) and AN3CA (at 2, 3, 4 and 6 h). Galectin-7 significantly promoted Ishikawa migration and significantly elevated collagen type IV α 1 chain and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) gene expression during wound healing. The present study demonstrated that galectin-7 production increased in EC with increasing cancer grade; therefore, galectin-7 may promote the metastasis of EC by reducing cell-cell adhesion and enhancing cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Menkhorst
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Meaghan Griffiths
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Michelle Van Sinderen
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kate Rainczuk
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Keith Niven
- FlowCore, Technology Research Platforms, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Chen YS, Chang CW, Tsay YG, Huang LY, Wu YC, Cheng LH, Yang CC, Wu CH, Teo WH, Hung KF, Huang CY, Lee TC, Lo JF. HSP40 co-chaperone protein Tid1 suppresses metastasis of head and neck cancer by inhibiting Galectin-7-TCF3-MMP9 axis signaling. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:3841-3855. [PMID: 30083263 PMCID: PMC6071538 DOI: 10.7150/thno.25784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human tumorous imaginal disc (Tid1), a DnaJ co-chaperone protein, is classified as a tumor suppressor. Previously, we demonstrated that Tid1 reduces head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) malignancy. However, the molecular details of Tid1-mediated anti-metastasis remain elusive. Methods: We used affinity chromatography and systemic mass spectrometry to identify Tid1-interacting client proteins. Immunohistochemical staining of Tid1 in HNSCC patient tissues was examined to evaluate the association between the expression profile of Tid1-interacting client proteins with pathologic features and prognosis. The roles of Tid1-interacting client proteins in metastasis were validated both in vitro and in vivo. The interacting partner and downstream target of Tid1-interacting client protein were determined. Results: Herein, we first revealed that Galectin-7 was one of the Tid1-interacting client proteins. An inverse association of protein expression profile between Tid1 and Galectin-7 was determined in HNSCC patients. Low Tid1 and high Galectin-7 expression predicted poor overall survival in HNSCC. Furthermore, Tid1 abolished the nuclear translocation of Galectin-7 and suppressed Galectin-7-induced tumorigenesis and metastasis. Keratinocyte-specific Tid1-deficient mice with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) treatment exhibited increased protein levels of Galectin-7 and had a poor survival rate. Tid1 interacted with Galectin-7 through its N-linked glycosylation to promote Tid1-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of Galectin-7. Additionally, Galectin-7 played a critical role in promoting tumorigenesis and metastatic progression by enhancing the transcriptional activity of TCF3 transcription factor through elevating MMP-9 expression. Conclusions: Overall, future treatments through activating Tid1 expression or inversely repressing the oncogenic function of Galectin-7 may exhibit great potential in targeting HNSCC progression.
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Cagli F, Uysal G, Oz L, Akkaya H, Aksoy H, Ulku Karakilic E, Acmaz G. Serum Galectin 7 is Not Useful to Predict Abortion in the First Trimester. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2018; 37:141-146. [PMID: 29693486 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2018.1453001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Galectins are animal lectins that bind to surface glycoproteins expressed at the fetal-maternal interface. The aim of this prospective case-control study was to investigate the possible relationship between levels of maternal serum galectin-7 and threatened abortion (TA) and to determine whether serum galectin-7 had any prognostic value. METHODS This prospective study was conducted between August 2014 and February 2015. Included in the study were 31 consecutive pregnant women who were hospitalized for TA between 6 and 14 weeks of gestation and 33 healthy gestational age matched pregnant women without any symptoms of miscarriage. Serum galectin-7 levels were measured via ELISA. RESULTS The mean serum galectin-7 levels of the two groups were not significantly different (31 TA patients: 2.84 ± 0.43 pg/mL, 33 controls: 2.785 ± 0.32 pg/mL, p = 0.543). Six pregnancies in the TA group resulted in abortion (19.4%). CONCLUSION Serum galectin-7 was not useful for predicting prognosis in TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Cagli
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Health Science Training and Research Hospital , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Gulsum Uysal
- b Adana City Research and Education Hospital , Adana , Turkey
| | - Leyla Oz
- c Department of Biochemistry , University of Health Science Training and Research Hospital , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Hatice Akkaya
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Huseyin Aksoy
- e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Health Science Training and Research Hospital , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Eda Ulku Karakilic
- e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Health Science Training and Research Hospital , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Gokhan Acmaz
- e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Health Science Training and Research Hospital , Kayseri , Turkey
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Galectin Targeted Therapy in Oncology: Current Knowledge and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010210. [PMID: 29320431 PMCID: PMC5796159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of cancer have increased over the past decades. Significant progress has been made in understanding the underpinnings of this disease and developing therapies. Despite this, cancer still remains a major therapeutic challenge. Current therapeutic research has targeted several aspects of the disease such as cancer development, growth, angiogenesis and metastases. Many molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unknown and current therapies have so far failed to meet their intended potential. Recent studies show that glycans, especially oligosaccharide chains, may play a role in carcinogenesis as recognition patterns for galectins. Galectins are members of the lectin family, which show high affinity for β-galactosides. The galectin–glycan conjugate plays a fundamental role in metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor immunity, proliferation and apoptosis. Galectins’ action is mediated by a structure containing at least one carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). The potential prognostic value of galectins has been described in several neoplasms and helps clinicians predict disease outcome and determine therapeutic interventions. Currently, new therapeutic strategies involve the use of inhibitors such as competitive carbohydrates, small non-carbohydrate binding molecules and antibodies. This review outlines our current knowledge regarding the mechanism of action and potential therapy implications of galectins in cancer.
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22
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Galectin-7 in Epithelial Homeostasis and Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122760. [PMID: 29257082 PMCID: PMC5751359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are small unglycosylated soluble lectins distributed both inside and outside the cells. They share a conserved domain for the recognition of carbohydrates (CRD). Although galectins have a common affinity for β-galatosides, they exhibit different binding preferences for complex glycans. First described twenty years ago, galectin-7 is a prototypic galectin, with a single CRD, able to form divalent homodimers. This lectin, which is mainly expressed in stratified epithelia, has been described in epithelial tissues as being involved in apoptotic responses, in proliferation and differentiation but also in cell adhesion and migration. Most members of the galectins family have been associated with cancer biology. One of the main functions of galectins in cancer is their immunomodulating potential and anti-angiogenic activity. Indeed, galectin-1 and -3, are already targeted in clinical trials. Another relevant function of galectins in tumour progression is their ability to regulate cell migration and cell adhesion. Among these galectins, galectin-7 is abnormally expressed in various cancers, most prominently in carcinomas, and is involved in cancer progression and metastasis but its precise functions in tumour biology remain poorly understood. In this issue, we will focus on the physiological functions of galectin-7 in epithelia and present the alterations of galectin-7 expression in carcinomas with the aim to describe its possible functions in tumour progression.
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