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Chakraborty S, Balan M, Sabarwal A, Choueiri TK, Pal S. Metabolic reprogramming in renal cancer: Events of a metabolic disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188559. [PMID: 33965513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have established that tumors can reprogram the pathways involved in nutrient uptake and metabolism to withstand the altered biosynthetic, bioenergetics and redox requirements of cancer cells. This phenomenon is called metabolic reprogramming, which is promoted by the loss of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes. Because of alterations and perturbations in multiple metabolic pathways, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is sometimes termed as a "metabolic disease". The majority of metabolic reprogramming in renal cancer is caused by the inactivation of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene and activation of the Ras-PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and Myc are other important players in the metabolic reprogramming of RCC. All types of RCCs are associated with reprogramming of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Metabolism of glutamine, tryptophan and arginine is also reprogrammed in renal cancer to favor tumor growth and oncogenesis. Together, understanding these modifications or reprogramming of the metabolic pathways in detail offer ample opportunities for the development of new therapeutic targets and strategies, discovery of biomarkers and identification of effective tumor detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samik Chakraborty
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02115, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Murugabaskar Balan
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02115, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Akash Sabarwal
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02115, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Soumitro Pal
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02115, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
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Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the major steps that tumor cells take during cancer progression. This process allows the cells to survive in a nutrient- and oxygen-deprived environment, to become stress tolerant, and to metastasize to different sites. Recent studies have shown that reprogramming happens in stromal cells and involves the cross-talk of the cancer cell/tumor microenvironment. There are similarities between the metabolic reprogramming that occurs in both noncancerous kidney diseases and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), suggesting that such reprogramming is a means by which renal epithelial cells survive injury and repair the tissue, and that RCC cells hijack this system. This article reviews reprogramming of major metabolism pathways in RCC, highlighting similarities and differences from kidney diseases and potential therapeutic strategies against it.
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Sitalaksmi RM, Ito K, Ogasawara K, Suto Y, Itabashi M, Ueda K, Hirasawa N, Narushima T, Hendrijantini N, Kresnoadi U, Sasaki K. COX-2 induces T cell accumulation and IFN-γ production during the development of chromium allergy. Autoimmunity 2019; 52:228-234. [PMID: 31587584 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2019.1662404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is commonly added into various metal alloys to improve some mechanical properties such as corrosion resistance, strength, and workability. However, Cr is also known to be a metal allergen for some individuals. Metal allergy is a T cell-mediated disease with symptoms of inflammation and swelling that involve inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins. Hence, suppressing these inflammation paths by using COX-2 inhibitor might be useful in treating Cr allergy. In this study, mice were used with Cr-induced allergy challenge model. The mice were injected with celecoxib once per day for 7 days one hour after the challenge. Footpad samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and lymphocytes were isolated from popliteal lymph nodes for the flow cytometric analysis. The results show that both prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a known mediator of inflammation, and cyclooxygenases (COX)-2 have important roles in the development of Cr allergy. Further, COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, was effective in relieving swelling and inflammation in Cr-allergic mice concordant with suppression of IFN-γ production by CD8+ T cells and T cell accumulation in the lymph nodes. Therefore, the inhibition of COX-2 may be a therapeutic target for Cr allergy, and additional molecules in the PGE2 signalling pathway may also be an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of metal allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratri Maya Sitalaksmi
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Koyu Ito
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kouetsu Ogasawara
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Suto
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Madoka Itabashi
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Ueda
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Hirasawa
- Laboratory of Phamacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Narushima
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nike Hendrijantini
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Utari Kresnoadi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Department of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Liu ZH, Qing CP, Sheng ZZ, Li GZ, Man LB, Xu T. Oleic acid promotes cell invasion through an integrin-linked kinase signaling pathway in renal cell carcinoma. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:968-975. [PMID: 31573329 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1669672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The change of fatty acid composition has been regarded as an indicator of altered lipid metabolism during human tumourigenesis, but the details are still unclear. We have previously demonstrated a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) named oleic acid (OA) was involved in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell growth, as an extracellular signaling molecule to regulate 786-O cell proliferation via the integrin-linked kinase (ILK) pathway. In this study, we further observe the effects of OA on cell invasion of RCC and the potential mechanism by which OA worked was determined. The transwell invasion assay showed OA increased cell invasion of RCC in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting results indicated ILK, COX-2, and MMP-9 proteins were involved for their high expressions and these effects were reversed when down-regulating the expression of ILK by special siRNA. The MMPs inhibitor GM6001 could weaken the abilities of OA on RCC cells invasion. These results suggested MUFA indeed affected cell invasion of RCC, which was depended by the regulation of ILK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, the 4th Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cai-Peng Qing
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Zuo Sheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Zhong Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, the 4th Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Bo Man
- Department of Urology, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, the 4th Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Luo L, Liang Y, Ding X, Ma X, Zhang G, Sun L. Significance of cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2 and CD133 levels in sunitinib-resistant renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1442-1450. [PMID: 31423209 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the mechanism underlying sunitinib resistance. The parental human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell line 786-O was continuously exposed to various doses of sunitinib to obtain sunitinib-resistant cells (786-O/S). Cell proliferation and colony formation assays were performed to assess the survival of 786-O/S cells. The half-inhibitory concentration for the drug-resistant cells was calculated. 786-O/S cells demonstrated notably morphological changes compared with parental cells. Compared with 786-O cells, 786-O/S cells exhibited stronger proliferative and colony-forming abilities. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the levels of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of COX-2 and cluster of differentiation (CD) 133 in both 786-O and 786-O/S cells. Following incubation of the two cell lines with celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, RT-qPCR was performed to detect the expression of COX-2 and CD133, and western blot analysis was used to assess the expression of CD133. The results revealed that the levels of COX-2 and PGE2 were significantly higher in 786-O/S cells compared with 786-O cells (P<0.01). Similarly, the expression of CD133 was 24-fold higher in 786-O/S compared with the parental cells (P<0.01). When celecoxib was incubated with the two cell lines, the expression of COX-2 and CD133 decreased significantly (P<0.0001). In summary, the results indicate that activation of the COX-2-PGE2 pathway in RCC leads to the development of sunitinib resistance and may serve an important role in the maintenance of the characteristics of stem cells that are closely associated with drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Luo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ye Liang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Operating Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaocheng Ma
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Guiming Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lijiang Sun
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shangdong 266003, P.R. China
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Physiological and pathological levels of prostaglandin E 2 in renal parenchyma and neoplastic renal tissue. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 141:11-13. [PMID: 30742910 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG)E2 seems to promote tumor proliferation by regulating cell growth, inhibiting apoptosis, promoting angiogenesis, and suppressing host immune surveillance of cancer cells. The suppression of prostaglandins biosynthesis is thought to be the main molecular mechanism for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs antineoplastic effect. Yet the relationship between PGE2 and human renal cell carcinoma remains unclear. The aim of our study is to evaluate the PGE2 content in human renal parenchyma and Renal Cell Carcinoma. The study was conducted on 20 consecutive patients undergoing radical nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma. In the normal renal parenchyma and in the neoplastic renal tissue the PGE2 level was 83.43 ± 5.89 pg/mg and 289.67 ± 22.2 pg/mg, respectively (P < 0.0001). There was no relationship between PGE2 content and Renal Cell Carcinoma dimension, Fuhrman grade, pathological-Tumor-Node and Metastasis (pTNM) stage and histological subtype. The PGE2 over-content in neoplastic renal tissue suggests a role of PGE2 in development and progression of renal carcinoma.
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Suppression of immune regulatory cells with combined therapy of celecoxib and sunitinib in renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1668-1677. [PMID: 27926489 PMCID: PMC5352087 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To observe the the potential benefit of sunitinib in combination with cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) inhibitor in renal cell carcinoma therapy. Methods 769-p cell lines were treated with sunitinib, celecoxib, or in combination at different concentrations respectively. We investigated the expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in 769-p and cell proliferation in vitro. BALB/c mice implanted with Renca cells were divided into 4 groups and administered orally by gavage with sunitinib, COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) monotherapy or combination, and PBS respectively. Tumor growth and animal survival were observed. The myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in peripheral blood and spleen were determined by flow cytometry. The MDSCs protein was extracted for STAT3 analysis by western blot. Results 769-p cell lines were suppressed in a dose and time-dependent manner. The expression of GM-CSF was substantially inhibited by celecoxib and sunitinib. Combination of sunitinib and celecoxib in vivo could effectively reduce the MDSCs than those in control group. Meanwhile, the CD4+ lymphocytes were strongly increased and the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in MDSCs were significantly reduced. Conclusion Combination therapy with sunitinib and celecoxib intensified the curative effects to renal cell carcinoma by suppressing immune regulatory cells.
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Hao Y, Zhang J, Shan G, Zhang N, Jin W, Nan K. Establishment of optimal regulatory network of colorectal cancer based on p42.3 protein. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 24:1781-1786. [PMID: 29551923 PMCID: PMC5851908 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: to establish regulatory network of colorectal cancer involving p42.3 protein and to provide theoretical evidence for deep functional exploration of p42.3 protein in the onset and development of colorectal cancer. Methods: with protein similarity algorithm, reference protein set of p42.3 cell apoptosis was built according to structural features of p42.3. GO and KEGG databases were used to establish regulatory network of tumor cell apoptosis involving p42.3; meanwhile, the largest possible working pathway that involves p42.3 protein was screened out based on Bayesian network theory. Besides, GO and KEGG were used to build regulatory network on early diagnosis gene markers for colorectal cancer including WWOX, K-ras, COX-2, p53, APC, DCC and PTEN, at the same time, a regulatory network of colorectal cancer cell apoptosis which involves p42.3 was established. Results: cell apoptotic regulatory network that p42.3 participates in primarily consists of Bcl-2 family genes and the largest possible pathway is p42.3 → FKBP → Bcl-2 centered as FKBP protein. Combined with colorectal cancer regulatory network that involves early diagnosis gene markers, it can be predicted that p42.3 is most likely to regulate the colorectal cancer cell apoptosis through FKBP → Bcl-2 → Bax → caspase-9 → caspase-3 pathway. Conclusion: the colorectal cancer apoptosis network based on p42.3 established in the study provides theoretical evidence for deep exploration of p42.3 regulatory mechanism and molecular targeting treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Hao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710077, China.,Department of Oncological Radiotherapy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Medical Engineering Technology and Data Mining Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guoyong Shan
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Medical Engineering Technology and Data Mining Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Medical Engineering Technology and Data Mining Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kejun Nan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710077, China
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Yang J, Li YZ, Hylemon PB, Zhang LY, Zhou HP. Cordycepin inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by modulating NOD-Like Receptor Protein 3 inflammasome activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1777-1788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Wang M. miR‑433 protects pancreatic β cell growth in high‑glucose conditions. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2604-2610. [PMID: 28713945 PMCID: PMC5548008 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell dysfunction is a key characteristic in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified to serve a role in DM pathogenesis, but how specific miRNAs regulate glucose-stimulated β cell functions remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the effects of miR-433 on cell growth under high-glucose culture conditions and to determine the possible mechanisms involved. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of miRNAs in Min-6 pancreatic β cells cultured in high-glucose medium, which revealed that miR-433 was significantly downregulated. Results from in vitro Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation and flow cytometry analyses indicated that overexpression of miR-433 may enhance cell viability and proliferation by promoting cell cycle progression and suppressing apoptosis. Furthermore, bioinformatics prediction and luciferase analysis demonstrated that miR-433 was able to inhibit the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) through targeting its 3′-UTR. Moreover, knockdown of COX2 expression alleviated the inhibition of cell growth induced by high glucose, similar to overexpression of miR-433. In conclusion, the present results suggested that miR-433 may protect pancreatic β cells cultured in high glucose, which suggests that miR-433 may have beneficial effects in preventing and treating DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
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Hao Y, Shan G, Nan K. Establishment of apoptotic regulatory network for genetic markers of colorectal cancer. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 24:466-476. [PMID: 28386169 PMCID: PMC5372377 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our purpose is to screen out genetic markers applicable to early diagnosis for colorectal cancer and to establish apoptotic regulatory network model for colorectal cancer, thereby providing theoretical evidence and targeted therapy for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Taking databases including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang data, Pub Med, and MEDLINE as main sources of literature retrieval, literatures associated with genetic markers applied to early diagnosis of colorectal cancer were searched to perform comprehensive and quantitative analysis by Meta analysis, hence screening genetic markers used in early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were employed to establish apoptotic regulatory network model based on screened genetic markers, and then verification experiment was conducted. Through Meta analysis, seven genetic markers were screened out, including WWOX, K-ras, COX-2, p53, APC, DCC and PTEN, among which DCC shows highest diagnostic efficiency. GO analysis of genetic markers found that six genetic markers played role in biological process, molecular function and cellular component. It was indicated in apoptotic regulatory network built by KEGG analysis and verification experiment that WWOX could promote tumor cell apoptotic in colorectal cancer and elevate expression level of p53. The apoptotic regulatory model of colorectal cancer established in this study provides clinically theoretical evidence and targeted therapy for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Hao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710077, China
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Guoyong Shan
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Kejun Nan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710077, China
- Corresponding author.
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Tian T, Chen C, Yang F, Tang J, Pei J, Shi B, Zhang N, Zhang J. Establishment of apoptotic regulatory network for genetic markers of colorectal cancer and optimal selection of traditional Chinese medicine target. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 24:634-643. [PMID: 28386190 PMCID: PMC5372422 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper aimed to screen out genetic markers applicable to early diagnosis for colorectal cancer and establish apoptotic regulatory network model for colorectal cancer, and to analyze the current situation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) target, thereby providing theoretical evidence for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of colorectal cancer. Taking databases including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang data, Pub Med, and MEDLINE as main sources of literature retrieval, literatures associated with genetic markers that are applied to early diagnosis of colorectal cancer were searched and performed comprehensive and quantitative analysis by Meta analysis, hence screening genetic markers used in early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. KEGG analysis was employed to establish apoptotic regulatory network model based on screened genetic markers, and optimization was conducted on TCM targets. Through Meta analysis, seven genetic markers were screened out, including WWOX, K-ras, COX-2, P53, APC, DCC and PTEN, among which DCC has the highest diagnostic efficiency. Apoptotic regulatory network was built by KEGG analysis. Currently, it was reported that TCM has regulatory function on gene locus in apoptotic regulatory network. The apoptotic regulatory model of colorectal cancer established in this study provides theoretical evidence for early diagnosis and TCM targeted therapy of colorectal cancer in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongde Tian
- Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Department, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, No. 127 Dongming Rd., Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Chuanliang Chen
- Hospital Office, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu Rd., Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450003, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Department, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, No. 127 Dongming Rd., Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Jingwen Tang
- Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Department, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, No. 127 Dongming Rd., Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Junwen Pei
- Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Department, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, No. 127 Dongming Rd., Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Bian Shi
- Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Department, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, No. 127 Dongming Rd., Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Medical Engineering Technology and Data Mining Institute of Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Ave., Gaoxin Dist., Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Medical Engineering Technology and Data Mining Institute of Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Ave., Gaoxin Dist., Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
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Medical Application of Spirulina platensis Derived C-Phycocyanin. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7803846. [PMID: 27293463 PMCID: PMC4879233 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7803846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Along with the development of marine biological pharmaceutical research, high-effective and low-toxic drugs and functional foods isolated from marine organisms have become a new field of pharmacy and bromatology. The pharmacological actions, such as anti-inflammation, antioxidation, antitumor, immunological enhancement, and hepatorenal protection of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) from Spirulina platensis, have been reported, and C-PC has important value of development and utilization either as drug or as functional food. There are many researches about the various pharmacological actions and mechanisms of C-PC, but related reports are only to some extent integrated deeply and accurately enough, which put some limitations to the further application of C-PC in medicine. Particularly, with the improvement of living standards and attention to health issues, C-PC being a functional food is preferred by more and more people. C-PC is easy to get, safe, and nontoxic; thus, it has a great potential of research and development as a drug or functional food. Here, the separation and purification, physicochemical properties, physiological and pharmacological activities, safety, and some applications are reviewed to provide relevant basis for the development of natural medicine and applied products.
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