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Perez M, Concu R, Ornelas M, Cordeiro MNDS, Azenha M, Silva AF. Measurement artifacts identified in the UV-vis spectroscopic study of adduct formation within the context of molecular imprinting of naproxen. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 153:661-668. [PMID: 26458249 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy has been assessed as a technique for the evaluation of the strength of template-precursor adduct in the development of molecular imprints of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen (NAP). The commonly employed approach relies on the collection of UV spectra of drug+precursor mixtures at different proportions, the spectra being recorded against blanks containing the same concentration of the precursor. The observation of either blue or red band-shifts and abatement of a major band are routinely attributed to template-precursor adduct formation. Following the described methodology, the precursors 1-(triethoxysilylpropyl)-3-(trimethoxysilylpropyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazolium iodide (AO-DHI(+)) and 4-(2-(trimethoxysilyl)ethyl)pyridine (PETMOS) provoked a blue-shift and band abatement effect on the NAP spectrum. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated a reasonable affinity between NAP and these precursors (coordination numbers 0.33 for AO-DHI(+) and 0.18 for PETMOS), hence showing that NAP-precursor complexation is in fact effective. However, time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations of the spectra of both free and precursor-complexed NAP were identical, thus providing no theoretical basis for the complexation-induced effects observed. We realized that the intense spectral bands of AO-DHI(+) and PETMOS (at around 265 nm) superimpose partially with the NAP bands, and the apparent "blue-shifting" in the NAP spectra when mixed with AO-DHI+ and PETMOS was in this case a spurious effect of the intense background subtraction. Therefore, extreme care must be taken when interpreting other spectroscopic results obtained in a similar fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Perez
- REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Riccardo Concu
- REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Ornelas
- CIQ-UP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Natália D S Cordeiro
- REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Azenha
- CIQ-UP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - A Fernando Silva
- CIQ-UP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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