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Zhu Y, Hou J, Gray DM, McDonald TO, Dumanli AG. Cation-induced morphological transitions and aggregation of thermoresponsive PNIPAM nanogels. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32184. [PMID: 39021897 PMCID: PMC11252870 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanogels are promising responsive colloidal particles that can be used in pharmaceutical applications as drug carriers. This work investigates the temperature-dependent morphological changes and agglomeration of PNIPAM nanogels in the presence of mono- and multi-valent cationic electrolytes. We described the deswelling, flocculation, thermal reversibility behaviour and aggregated morphology of PNIPAM nanogels over a range of electrolyte concentrations and temperatures revealing the critical transition points from stable suspension to spontaneous agglomeration. We demonstrated that the flocculating ability and the rate of aggregate formation follow the order of deswelling behaviour. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analysis revealed the presence of a shell-like layer with varying density in the multivalent electrolyte solutions when compared to those in aqueous medium. We identified a concentration threshold of the thermally induced reversible aggregation/dispersion for the PNIPAM nanogels in the presence of Na+ and K+ ions at 10 mM, for Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions at 1 mM and for Al3+ ions at 0.1 mM concentrations. Such concentration thresholds indicated the effective destabilization of the electrolyte system with multivalency following the Schulze-Hardy rule. Our findings were supported by applying a Debye screening model that accounts for the shielding effect of multivalent cationic electrolytes on these nanogel systems. Our experiments and the models confirmed the compression of the electric double layer as the valency and ionic strength increased, except for Al3+ at higher concentrations which seemed to disrupt the electrical double layer and cause reversal of zeta potential. Our work highlights the significant impact the presence of multivalent cations can impose on the stability and morphology of nanogels, and this understanding will help in designing responsive nanogel systems based on PNIPAM nanogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhu
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jiaxin Hou
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Dominic M. Gray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Tom O. McDonald
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Ahu Gümrah Dumanli
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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Hussain I, Shahid M, Ali F, Irfan A, Farooqi ZH, Begum R. Methacrylic acid based microgels and hybrid microgels. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Methacrylic acid based microgels have got much consideration in the last two decades because of their potential uses in different fields owing to their responsive behaviour towards external stimuli. Synthesis, properties and uses of methacrylic acid based microgels and their hybrids have been critically reviewed in this article. With minute change in external stimuli such as pH and ionic strength of medium, these microgels show quick swelling/deswelling reversibly. The methacrylic acid based microgels have been widely reported for applications in the area of nanotechnology, drug delivery, sensing and catalysis due to their responsive behaviour. A critical review of current research development in this field along with upcoming perception is presented here. This discussion is concluded with proposed probable future studies for additional growth in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Hussain
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
| | - Faisal Ali
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Lahore , 1-KM Defence road , Main Campus , Lahore 53700 , Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science , King Khalid University , P.O. Box 9004 , Abha 61413 , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , King Khalid University , P.O. Box 9004 , Abha 61413 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahoor H. Farooqi
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
| | - Robina Begum
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
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Pérez-Chávez NA, Albesa AG, Longo GS. Thermodynamic Theory of Multiresponsive Microgel Swelling. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Néstor A. Pérez-Chávez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas, Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), UNLP-CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Alberto G. Albesa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas, Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), UNLP-CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Gabriel S. Longo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas, Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), UNLP-CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina
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Jin X, Xiong M, Zhu L, Zhang L, Wu Z. Influence of particle size of mesoporous silica composite nanoparticles coated with pH/temperature responsive copolymer on ibuprofen release behaviors. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1843479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Jin
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Mingwen Xiong
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Linlin Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhong Wu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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Belman-Flores CE, Herrera-Kao W, Vargas-Coronado RF, May-Pat A, Oliva AI, Rodríguez-Fuentes N, Vázquez-Torres H, Cauich-Rodríguez JV, Cervantes-Uc JM. Synthesis and characterization of pH sensitive hydrogel nanoparticles based on poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-methacrylic acid). JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:61. [PMID: 32696259 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, pH-sensitive hydrogel nanoparticles based on N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) and methacrylic acid (MAA) at various molar ratios, were synthesized and characterized in terms of physicochemical and biological properties. FTIR and 1HNMR spectra confirmed the successful synthesis of the copolymer that formed nanoparticles. AFM images and FE-SEM micrographs showed that nanoparticles were spherical, but their round-shape was slightly compromised with MAA content; besides, the size of particles tends to decrease as MAA content increased. The hydrogels nanoparticles also exhibited an interesting pH-sensitivity, displaying changes in its particle size when changes in pH media occurred. Biological characterization results indicate that all the synthesized particles are non-cytotoxic to endothelial cells and hemocompatible, although an increase of MAA content leads to a slight increase in the hemolysis percentage. Therefore, the pH-sensitivity hydrogels may serve as a versatile platform as self-regulated drug delivery systems in response to environmental pH changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Belman-Flores
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 x32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, C.P. 97205, Yucatán, México
| | - W Herrera-Kao
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 x32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, C.P. 97205, Yucatán, México
| | - R F Vargas-Coronado
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 x32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, C.P. 97205, Yucatán, México
| | - A May-Pat
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 x32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, C.P. 97205, Yucatán, México
| | - A I Oliva
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, CINVESTAV-IPN, Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso Km 6, Cordemex, Mérida, C.P. 97310, Yucatán, México
| | - N Rodríguez-Fuentes
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 x32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, C.P. 97205, Yucatán, México
| | - H Vázquez-Torres
- Departamento de Física, Área de Polímeros, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México, C.P. 09340, México
| | - J V Cauich-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 x32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, C.P. 97205, Yucatán, México
| | - J M Cervantes-Uc
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 x32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, C.P. 97205, Yucatán, México.
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Lopez CG, Lohmeier T, Wong JE, Richtering W. Electrostatic expansion of polyelectrolyte microgels: Effect of solvent quality and added salt. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 558:200-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rasib S, Ahmad Z, Khan A, Akil H, Othman M, Hamid Z, Ullah F. Synthesis and evaluation on pH- and temperature-responsive chitosan-p(MAA-co-NIPAM) hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:367-375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Dual temperature- and pH-responsive ibuprofen delivery from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) nanoparticles and their fractal features. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-1915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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