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Hollingworth P, Denman AM, Gumpel JM. Retroperitoneal Fibrosis and Polyarteritis Nodosa Successfully Treated by Intensive Immunosuppression. J R Soc Med 2018; 73:61-4. [PMID: 6112272 PMCID: PMC1440046 DOI: 10.1177/014107688007300115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Nagai K, Andoh K, Nakamura N, Sakata K, Takemoto T. Suspected idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation presenting as immunoglobulin G4-related disease: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2011; 5:427. [PMID: 21888653 PMCID: PMC3179758 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-5-427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation is a rare and ill-defined heterogeneous entity, and a distinct subset of orbital inflammation. Recently, attention has been focused on immunoglobulin G4-related disease complicated with fibrotic changes in some other organs with high serum immunoglobulin G4 levels. This report presents a case of suspected idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation complicated with high serum immunoglobulin G4 levels. CASE PRESENTATION An 82-year-old Japanese woman had a 30-year history of chronic thyroiditis. She experienced right ptosis and eyelid swelling. These symptoms gradually developed over five years. The clinical and radiographic findings suggested that our patient had idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation. We were unable to obtain our patient's consent to perform a biopsy. While the serum immunoglobulin G level was within the normal limits, the serum immunoglobulin G4 level was significantly elevated. The serum immunoglobulin G4 levels decreased after the administration of oral prednisolone at a daily dose of 20 mg. In addition, the swelling and ptosis of the right upper eyelid disappeared gradually after four weeks. Our patient was then suspected to have idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation complicated with immunoglobulin G4-related disease and chronic thyroiditis. CONCLUSION An orbital pseudotumor of this type is indicative of idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation immunoglobulin G4-related disease. Immunoglobulin G4 may thus be considered a subclass of immunoglobulin G when the serum immunoglobulin G level is within normal limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nagai
- Internal Medicine, Nagai Clinic, 1-7-25, Yokodai, Isogo-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 235-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuo Andoh
- Department of Radiology, Saiseikai Yokohama-shi Nanbu Hospital, 3-2-10, Konandai, Konan-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 234-8503, Japan
| | - Noriko Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Saiseikai Yokohama-shi Nanbu Hospital, 3-2-10, Konandai, Konan-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 234-8503, Japan
| | - Katsumi Sakata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University, 4-57, Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 232-0024, Japan
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Salvarani C, Calamia KT, Matteson EL, Hunder GG, Pipitone N, Miller DV, Warrington KJ. Vasculitis of the gastrointestinal tract in chronic periaortitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2011; 90:28-39. [PMID: 21200184 DOI: 10.1097/md.0b013e318207231e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The term "chronic periaortitis" (CP), proposed by Mitchinson in 1984, comprises 3 main entities: idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRF), inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms (IAAAs), and perianeurysmal retroperitoneal fibrosis (PRF).The presence of constitutional symptoms, high acute-phase reactants, positive autoantibodies, and associated autoimmune diseases suggests a systemic inflammatory process. Histopathologic findings show vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis involving the aortic vasa vasorum as well as the small and medium retroperitoneal vessels.We reviewed the medical records of 608 patients with a diagnosis of vasculitis involving the gastrointestinal (GI) tract at the Mayo Clinic between January 1996 and December 2007. Only patients with biopsy-proven or typical angiographic findings of vasculitis localized to the GI tract were included.Five patients were identified with evidence of CP (1 patient with PRF, 1 with IRF, and 3 with IAAAs). Three patients were men, and the median age at diagnosis was 49 years. The diagnosis of GI vasculitis and CP was made simultaneously in 4 patients. At the time of onset, all patients had abdominal pain and constitutional manifestations; the median erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 62.5 mm/1 h (range, 20-86 mm/1 h). All patients had evidence of mesenteric vasculitis at angiography. Three patients also had associated renal artery stenoses. Abdominal computed tomography showed spleen infarcts in 2 patients, bowel wall thickening in 1, and liver infarction in 1. Two patients underwent surgical intervention for acute abdomen; there was histologic evidence of small bowel infarcts and infarction of the spleen and liver in 1. Oral prednisone was administered to all 5 patients (median starting dose, 60 mg/d; range, 25-80 mg/d). Three patients also received immunosuppressive agents, 1 tamoxifen, and 1 anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. All patients had at least 1 relapse or recurrence of vasculitis, but at last visit, GI vasculitis and CP were in remission in all 5 patients.This study provides evidence that GI manifestations due to mesenteric vasculitis may be associated with CP. Vasculitic involvement of the renal arteries is also frequently present in these patients. Aggressive immunosuppressive treatment should be promptly initiated to forestall abdominal complications. These findings reinforce the hypothesis that a vasculitic process plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Salvarani
- From Unità di Reumatologia (CS, NP), Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Division of Rheumatology (KTC), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; Division of Rheumatology (ELM, GGH, KJW), and Division of Anatomic Pathology (DVM), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Nagai K, Hosaka H, Takahashi Y, Kubo S, Nakamura N, Andou K. A case of IgG4-related sclerosing disease complicated by sclerosing cholangitis, retroperitoneal fibrosis and orbital pseudotumour. BMJ Case Rep 2009; 2009:bcr02.2009.1590. [PMID: 21686984 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.02.2009.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of IgG4-related sclerosing disease complicated by sclerosing cholangitis (SC), idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRF) and orbital pseudotumour (OPT). Clinical, radiographic and pathological findings later suggested that the patient had SC complicated by IRF. The patient's SC and IRF were well controlled for the first 10 years of the follow-up period; OPT developed in the tenth year. During investigation of the OPT, serum IgG4 level was found to be significantly elevated. The patient was then diagnosed with IgG4-related sclerosing disease complicated by SC, IRF and OPT. This is a rare manifestation of IgG4-related sclerosing disease, which was diagnosed incidentally during OPT work-up. We suggest that this is a variation of the so-called IgG4-related sclerosing disease or hyper-IgG4 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nagai
- Nagai Clinic, Internal Medicine, 1-7-25, Yokodi, Isogo-ku,, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 2350045, Japan
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Omura Y, Yoshioka K, Tsukamoto Y, Maeda I, Morikawa T, Konishi Y, Inoue T, Sato T. Multifocal fibrosclerosis combined with idiopathic retro-peritoneal and pericardial fibrosis. Intern Med 2006; 45:461-4. [PMID: 16679702 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.45.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 70-year-old man who had been diagnosed with retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) was admitted to our hospital complaining of dyspnea. Imaging studies showed massive pericardial effusion. His condition deteriorated and pericardiostomy was performed. A biopsy of the pericardium revealed marked fibrosis with infiltration of lymphocytes, which was identical to RPF findings. A diagnosis of multifocal fibrosclerosis was made. Despite aggressive treatment, he died with clinical signs of cardiovascular failure. The autopsy specimen revealed proliferation of fibrosis with infiltration of lymphocytes in multiple organs. Even after successful decompression of urinary obstruction for RPF, long-term follow-up is necessary in these patients because of the possibility of other fatal complications such as pericardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Omura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka
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García Peñalver C, Tejido Sánchez A, Suárez Charneco A, Díaz González R, Rosino Sánchez A, Leiva Galvis O. Surgery for idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis by ureterolysis and ureteric protection with a posterior pre-peritoneal fat flap. BJU Int 2002; 89:783-6. [PMID: 11966648 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2002.02677.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal García Peñalver
- Department of Urology, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Calle Santa Prisca no. 10, 2o piso 2, C.P. 28017 Madrid, Spain.
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Vaglio A, Manenti L, Allegri L, Ferrozzi F, Corradi D, Buzio C. ANCA-positive periaortic vasculitis: does it fall within the spectrum of vasculitis? J Intern Med 2002; 251:268-71. [PMID: 11886487 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2002.00948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a disease of unknown aetiology that has sometimes been reported in association with connective tissue disorders and systemic vasculitis. We report here two cases of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive RPF showing clinical evidence of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Although treatment with prednisone and cyclophosphamide led to a remission of RPF in both cases, renal function was restored in only one patient and the other progressed to chronic renal failure. The paper reviews the literature concerning ANCA-positive RPF and discusses the relationship between ANCA-positive vasculitis and RPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vaglio
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Health Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Allendorff J, Riegel W, Köhler H. [Regression of retroperitoneal fibrosis by combination therapy with tamoxifen and steroids]. MEDIZINISCHE KLINIK (MUNICH, GERMANY : 1983) 1997; 92:439-43. [PMID: 9324631 DOI: 10.1007/bf03042577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis is characterised by proliferation and fibrosis of retroperitoneal tissue. It is complicated by obstruction and encasement of retroperitoneal structures. CASE REPORT We describe two female patients with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. Both had to undergo lateralization of the ureter because of ureteral obstruction. Also both patients developed thrombosis of the inferior vena cava resp. the common iliac vein. Because of the eventful course of the disease a combined tamoxifen and steroid therapy was started. Hereafter there was a marked regression of the retroperitoneal fibrotic masses and the previous inflammatory signs disappeared. CONCLUSION Tamoxifen seems to be effective in the treatment of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis by inducing a regression of the fibrotic masses. Especially in patients with continuous activity of the disease we recommend an additional steroid therapy to prevent a regeneration of the fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Allendorff
- Innere Medizin IV, Universitätskliniken des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar
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Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 27-1996. A 31-year-old woman with lumbar and abdominal pain, hypertension, and a retroperitoneal mass. N Engl J Med 1996; 335:650-5. [PMID: 8692241 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199608293350908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Abstract
We treated a patient with nongranulomatous panuveitis associated with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis who had symptoms of abdominal pain, severe fever, leg edema, and blurred vision. A high C-reactive protein level, a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, anemia, and abnormalities of the immune system were seen. Retrograde pyelography disclosed persistent ureteral obstruction. A computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed a dense plaque of fibrous tissue around the kidney and hydronephrosis. Biopsy disclosed fibrosis infiltrated with lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes, and eosinophils. A moderate degree of cellular inflammation in the anterior chamber and cystoid macular edema were present at ocular examination. We believe idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis to be a new cause of uveitis of suspected autoimmune origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Doi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mie University School of Medicine, Japan
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Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 26-1991. An 81-year-old man with collapse of the right upper and middle lobes. N Engl J Med 1991; 324:1876-84. [PMID: 2041552 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199106273242607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/analysis
- Bronchial Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Bronchial Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Humans
- Lectins
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Mediastinal Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Mediastinal Neoplasms/pathology
- Mediastinitis/diagnosis
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2
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McDougal WS, MacDonell RC. Treatment of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis by immunosuppression. J Urol 1991; 145:112-4. [PMID: 1984068 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis is exceedingly uncommon in childhood and its etiology is uncertain. Support for an immunological basis for the disease is given by a report of a 14-year-old girl with severe retroperitoneal fibrosis causing progressive azotemia in whom azathioprine and prednisolone were used successfully. This case supports the efficacy of immunotherapy in the treatment of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S McDougal
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2765
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Hautekeete ML, Babany G, Marcellin P, Gayno S, Palazzo E, Erlinger S, Benhamou JP. Retroperitoneal fibrosis after surgery for aortic aneurysm in a patient with periarteritis nodosa: successful treatment with corticosteroids. J Intern Med 1990; 228:533-6. [PMID: 1979343 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A 54-year-old man with hepatitis B virus-related periarteritis nodosa developed retroperitoneal fibrosis with bilateral hydronephrosis 2.5 months after placement of an aortobifemoral prosthesis for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Retroperitoneal fibrosis disappeared after treatment with corticosteroids. This observation is interesting in the light of the hypothesis that retroperitoneal fibrosis is caused by vasculitis.
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Drut R. Sclerosing mediastinitis, granulomatous glomerulonephritis, and systemic vasculitis in a child: a unique association. PEDIATRIC PATHOLOGY 1990; 10:439-45. [PMID: 2349160 DOI: 10.3109/15513819009067132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The association of sclerosing mediastinitis, granulomatous glomerulonephritis and systemic vasculitis found at necropsy of a 9-year-old girl is presented. The histologic findings strongly suggested that the vasculitis played a central role in the development of the sclerosing mediastinitis, which was not associated with granulomas in the mediastinal lymph nodes. The combination of glomerulonephritis, systemic vasculitis, and terminal diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage with acute capillaritis suggests a link between this case and Wegener's granulomatosis, although mediastinitis has not been reported in that disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Drut
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital de Niños, La Plata, Argentina
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Métahni K, Vital Durand D, Sibille M, Sabben F, Levrat R. [Abdominal aortic aneurysm, retroperitoneal fibrosis and vasculitis]. Rev Med Interne 1988; 9:188-90. [PMID: 2901782 DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(88)80120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Métahni
- Service de médecine interne, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud
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Longley S, Caldwell JR, Panush RS. Paraneoplastic vasculitis. Unique syndrome of cutaneous angiitis and arthritis associated with myeloproliferative disorders. Am J Med 1986; 80:1027-30. [PMID: 3728500 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(86)90660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Six patients are described whose myeloproliferative disorders were complicated by inflammation in small, predominantly cutaneous blood vessels. The clinical manifestations of the vasculitis included palpable purpura, urticaria, maculopapular lesions, and erythema multiforme. Vascular inflammation was confirmed by skin biopsy. Two patients experienced fleeting, asymmetrical nondestructive arthritis. Transient proteinuria complicated one case and was the only suggestion of visceral vasculitis. The clinical features of cutaneous vasculitis antedated bone marrow deterioration in four patients and diminished as bone marrow function worsened in all patients. Oral corticosteroids or chemotherapy for the underlying disorder inconsistently affected the clinical course of the cutaneous vasculitis. Myeloproliferative disorders should be considered among disorders that are complicated by inflammation in small blood vessels.
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Fischer GO, de Launey WE. Multifocal fibrosclerosis: cutaneous associations. Case report and review of the literature. Australas J Dermatol 1986; 27:19-26. [PMID: 3753351 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.1986.tb00279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 21-1984. A 10-year-old girl with periodic episodes of abdominal pain and fever. N Engl J Med 1984; 310:1374-81. [PMID: 6717509 DOI: 10.1056/nejm198405243102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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D'Amico G, Cirro G, D'Amico A. Classificazione Delle Fibrosi Retroperitoneali E Fisiopatologia Della Malattia Di Ormond (). Urologia 1983. [DOI: 10.1177/039156038305000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
The association of retroperitoneal fibrosis and systemic sclerosis is reported from a patient positive for the HLA-B27 antigen. This appears to be the first report of such an association. Pathological features common to the 2 syndromes are discussed and the literature is reviewed.
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Arnett EN, Bacos JM, Macher AM, Marsh HB, Savage DD, Fulmer JD, Roberts WC. Fibrosing mediastinitis causing pulmonary arterial hypertension without pulmonary venous hypertension. Clinical and necropsy observations. Am J Med 1977; 63:634-43. [PMID: 910811 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(77)90209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and morphologic observations are described in two patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension without pulmonary venous hypertension from fibrosing mediastinitis. In one patient, both main pulmonary arteries and one major pulmonary vein were severely narrowed by dense fibrous tissue; in the second patient, only the right main pulmonary artery was severely narrowed. Both patients had normal intrapulmonary arteries and normal pulmonary parenchyma. Of nine previously described necropsy patients with pulmonary hypertension due to fibrosing mediastinitis, seven had severe narrowing of multiple large pulmonary veins and in six of them the pulmonary hypertension was entirely due to pulmonary venous obstruction. In one other patient, the pulmonary hypertension was due to obstruction of one main pulmonary artery and several large pulmonary veins. Each of these seven previously described patients had severe changes in the small intrapulmonary arteries. Of the other two previously described patients with pulmonary hypertension from fibrosing mediastinitis, one had severe narrowing of only the main right pulmonary artery, and the other, of both main pulmonary arteries. Thus, although pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with fibrosing mediastinitis is usually due to obstruction of multiple large pulmonary veins and to severe secondary changes in small intrapulmonary arteries, fibrosing mediastinitis can cause severe pulmonary hypertension by obstructing the right or both main pulmonary arteries.
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Abstract
Benign superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction is an uncommon entity. However, it is important to recognize that a small percentage of SVC syndromes are due to benign diseases such as mediastinal granulomas. The insidious onset and slow progression of symptoms allow for development of an efficient collateral venous circulation compatible with long-term survival. Surgical intervention to bypass the obstruction is often unsuccessful and should be avoided in most cases. We review the English literature on the subject, classify the various causes of benign SVC syndrome, and report our experience with 16 documented cases.
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Mende S, Völpel M, Rotthauwe I. Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (Ormond's disease) with unusual extension involving the brain. BEITRAGE ZUR PATHOLOGIE 1974; 153:80-90. [PMID: 4423326 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-8165(74)80071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Binder SC, Deterling RA, Mahoney SA, Patterson JF, Wolfe HJ. Systemic idiopathic fibrosis. Report of a case of the concomitant occurrence of retractile mesenteritis and retroperitoneal fibrosis. Am J Surg 1972; 124:422-30. [PMID: 5056907 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(72)90057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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La Fibrosi retroperitoneale. Urologia 1970. [DOI: 10.1177/039156037003700507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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