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Alikhani M, Saberi S, Esmaeili M, Michel V, Tashakoripour M, Abdirad A, Aghakhani A, Eybpoosh S, Vosough M, Mohagheghi MA, Eshagh Hosseini M, Touati E, Mohammadi M. Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Variations and Serum Pepsinogen Levels for Risk Assessment in Gastric Cancer. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2021; 25:323-33. [PMID: 34425651 PMCID: PMC8487685 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.25.5.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Variations in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), as a potential biomarker for gastric cancer (GC) screening has currently been subject to controversy. Herein, we have assessed its efficiency in GC screening, in parallel and in combination with serum pepsinogen (sPG) I/II ratio, as an established indicator of gastric atrophy. Methods The study population included GC (n = 53) and non-GC (n = 207) dyspeptic patients. The non-GC group was histologically categorized into CG (n = 104) and NM (n = 103) subgroups. The MtDNA-CN of PBLs was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The sPG I and II levels and anti-H. pylori serum IgG were measured by ELISA. Results The mtDNA-CN was found significantly higher in GC vs. non-GC (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.4, 6.4) subjects. Conversely, GC patients had significantly lower sPG I/II ratio than the non-GC (OR = 3.2; CI = 1.4, 7.2) subjects. The combination of these two biomarkers yielded a dramatic amplification of the odds of GC risk in double-positive (high mtDNA-CN-low sPGI/II) subjects, in reference to double-negatives (low mtDNA-CN-high sPGI/II), when assessed against non-GC (OR = 27.1; CI = 5.0, 147.3), CG (OR = 13.1; CI = 2.4, 72.6), or NM (OR = 49.5; CI = 7.9, 311.6) groups. Conclusion The combination of these two biomarkers, namely mtDNA-CN in PBLs and serum PG I/II ratio, drastically enhanced the efficiency of GC risk assessment, which calls for further validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alikhani
- HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Saberi
- HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Valérie Michel
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Helicobacter Pathogenesis, CNRS UMR2001, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Mohammad Tashakoripour
- Gastroenterology Department, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Abdirad
- Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Aghakhani
- Clinical Research Dept., Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sana Eybpoosh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Eshagh Hosseini
- Gastroenterology Department, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eliette Touati
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Helicobacter Pathogenesis, CNRS UMR2001, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Marjan Mohammadi
- HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Bang CS, Lee JJ, Baik GH. Prediction of Chronic Atrophic Gastritis and Gastric Neoplasms by Serum Pepsinogen Assay: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050657. [PMID: 31083485 PMCID: PMC6572271 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum pepsinogen assay (sPGA), which reveals serum pepsinogen (PG) I concentration and the PG I/PG II ratio, is a non-invasive test for predicting chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and gastric neoplasms. Although various cut-off values have been suggested, PG I ≤70 ng/mL and a PG I/PG II ratio of ≤3 have been proposed. However, previous meta-analyses reported insufficient systematic reviews and only pooled outcomes, which cannot determine the diagnostic validity of sPGA with a cut-off value of PG I ≤70 ng/mL and/or PG I/PG II ratio ≤3. We searched the core databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Embase) from their inception to April 2018. Fourteen and 43 studies were identified and analyzed for the diagnostic performance in CAG and gastric neoplasms, respectively. Values for sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the curve with a cut-off value of PG I ≤70 ng/mL and PG I/PG II ratio ≤3 to diagnose CAG were 0.59, 0.89, 12, and 0.81, respectively and for diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC) these values were 0.59, 0.73, 4, and 0.7, respectively. Methodological quality and ethnicity of enrolled studies were found to be the reason for the heterogeneity in CAG diagnosis. Considering the high specificity, non-invasiveness, and easily interpretable characteristics, sPGA has potential for screening of CAG or GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Seok Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Sakju-ro 77, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24253, Korea.
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24253, Korea.
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Korea.
| | - Jae Jun Lee
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24253, Korea.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24253, Korea.
| | - Gwang Ho Baik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Sakju-ro 77, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24253, Korea.
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Korea.
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Saberi S, Piryaei A, Mirabzadeh E, Esmaeili M, Karimi T, Momtaz S, Abdirad A, Sodeifi N, Mohagheghi MA, Baharvand H, Mohammadi M. Immunohistochemical Analysis of LGR5 and TROY Expression in Gastric Carcinogenesis Demonstrates an Inverse Trend. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2019; 23. [PMID: 30501144 PMCID: PMC6707110 DOI: 10.29252/.23.2.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Two of the Wnt signaling pathway target genes, tumor necrosis factor receptor family member (TROY) and leucine-rich G-protein coupled receptor (LGR5), are involved in the generation and maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium. A negative modulatory role has recently been assigned to TROY, in this pathway. Here, we have examined their simultaneous expression in gastric carcinogenesis. Methods Tumor and paired adjacent tissues of intestinal-type gastric cancer (GC) patients (n = 30) were evaluated for LGR5 and TROY expression by immunohistochemistry. The combination of the percentage of positively¬ stained cells and the intensity of staining was defined as the composite score and compared between groups. The obtained findings were re-evaluated in a mouse model. Results TROY expression in the tumor tissue was significantly lower than that of the adjacent tissue (2.5 ± 0.9 vs. 3.3 ± 0.9, p = 0.004), which was coincident with higher LGR5 expression (3.6 ± 1.1 vs. 2.7 ± 0.9, p = 0.001). This observation was prominent at stages II/III of GC, leading to a statistically significant mean difference of expression between these two molecules (p = 0.005). In the H. pylori infected-mouse model, this inverse expression was observed in transition from early (8-16 w) to late (26-50 w) time points, post treatment (p = 0.002). Conclusion Our data demonstrates an inverse trend between TROY down-regulation and LGR5 up-regulation in GC tumors, as well as in response to H. pylori infection in mice. These findings support a potential negative modulatory role for TROY on LGR5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Saberi
- HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; ,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmat Mirabzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Toktam Karimi
- HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Momtaz
- HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Abdirad
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Sodeifi
- Department of Andrology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; ,Corresponding Authors: Marjan Mohammadi, HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; E-mail: marjan.mohammadi2010@gmail or . Hossein Baharvand , Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; E-mail:
| | - Marjan Mohammadi
- HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; ,Corresponding Authors: Marjan Mohammadi, HPGC Research Group, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; E-mail: marjan.mohammadi2010@gmail or . Hossein Baharvand , Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; E-mail:
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4
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Hedayatizadeh-Omran A, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Janbabaei G, Omrani-Nava V, Hasheminasab Y, Amjadi O, Tehrani M. Association of P53 gene polymorphism with gastric cancer in Northern Iran as a high-risk region. Biomed Rep 2018; 8:433-438. [PMID: 29616139 PMCID: PMC5876468 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer has the fourth highest morbidity rate of all cancers worldwide. Genetic factors including alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes serve an important role in gastric cancer development and progression. The P53 gene acts as a tumor suppressor gene by regulating the cell cycle, DNA transcription and repair, apoptosis, senescence and genome stability. In addition to somatic P53 mutations in cancer development, germline polymorphisms are also involved in different malignancies. The polymorphism of P53 at codon 72 (Arg72Pro) is established as a common variant that increases susceptibility to various cancers. The present case-control study was conducted to evaluate the possible association between this P53 polymorphism and gastric cancer in the Iranian population. A total of 59 patients with gastric cancer and 59 healthy controls were enrolled in the present study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and genotype analysis was performed using a polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Genotype frequencies did not differ significantly between the patients and controls (P=0.4); the frequencies of the three genotypes Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro in gastric cancer patients were 28.8, 49.2 and 22.0%, and in controls were 37.3, 49.2 and 13.6%. Additionally, there were no differences in genotype frequencies based on tumor location, histological differentiation or tumor stage. Based on these findings, it may be concluded that the P53 codon 72 polymorphism does not contribute to gastric cancer susceptibility in Northern Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
| | - Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
- Correspondence to: Dr Reza Alizadeh-Navaei, Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran, E-mail:
| | - Ghasem Janbabaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
| | - Versa Omrani-Nava
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
| | - Yahya Hasheminasab
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
| | - Omolbanin Amjadi
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
| | - Mohsen Tehrani
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran 48166-33131, Iran
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Fernández de Larrea-Baz N, Michel A, Romero B, Pérez-Gómez B, Moreno V, Martín V, Dierssen-Sotos T, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Castilla J, Tardón A, Ruiz I, Peiró R, Tejada A, Chirlaque MD, Butt JA, Olmedo-Requena R, Gómez-Acebo I, Linares P, Boldo E, Castells A, Pawlita M, Castaño-Vinyals G, Kogevinas M, de Sanjosé S, Pollán M, Del Campo R, Waterboer T, Aragonés N. Helicobacter pylori Antibody Reactivities and Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Case-control Study in Spain. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:888. [PMID: 28611733 PMCID: PMC5447227 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have suggested that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), while others have not confirmed this hypothesis. This work aimed to assess the relation of CRC with H. pylori seropositivity and with seropositivity to 16 H. pylori proteins, in the MultiCase-Control study, MCC-Spain. Methods: MCC-Spain is a multicase-control study carried out in Spain from 2008 to 2013. In total, 2,140 histologically-confirmed incident CRC cases and 4,098 population-based controls were recruited. Controls were frequency-matched by sex, age, and province. Epidemiological data were collected through a questionnaire fulfilled by face-to-face interviews and a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire. Seroreactivities against 16 H. pylori proteins were determined in 1,488 cases and 2,495 controls using H. pylori multiplex serology. H. pylori seropositivity was defined as positivity to ≥4 proteins. Multivariable logistic regression mixed models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results:H. pylori seropositivity was not associated with increased CRC risk (OR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.71–1.16). Among H. pylori seropositive subjects, seropositivity to Cagδ showed a lower CRC risk, and risk decreased with increasing number of proteins seropositive. Seropositivity to the most recognized virulence factors, CagA and VacA, was not associated with a higher CRC risk. No statistically significant heterogeneity was identified among tumor sites, although inverse relations were stronger for left colon cancer. An interaction with age and sex was found: H. pylori seropositivity was associated with a lower CRC risk in men younger than 65 and with a higher risk in older women. Conclusions: Our results suggest that neither H. pylori seropositivity, nor seropositivity to the virulence factor CagA are associated with a higher CRC risk. A possible effect modification by age and sex was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Fernández de Larrea-Baz
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Area, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health) - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Madrid, Spain
| | - Angelika Michel
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beatriz Romero
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital (IRYCIS)Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Area, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health) - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Madrid, Spain.,Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (Puerta de Hierro Health Research Institute)Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health) - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Madrid, Spain.,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of OncologyHospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain.,Colorectal Cancer Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health) - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Madrid, Spain.,The Research Group in Gene - Environment and Health Interactions, University of LeónLeón, Spain.,Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of LeónLeón, Spain
| | - Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health) - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Madrid, Spain.,Division of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVALSantander, Spain
| | - José J Jiménez-Moleón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health) - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Madrid, Spain.,Granada Health Research Institute (ibs.GRANADA) - Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de GranadaGranada, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of GranadaGranada, Spain
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health) - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA-Navarra Institute for Health ResearchPamplona, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health) - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Epidemiology of Cancer Unit, Oncology Institute, Department of Medicine, University of OviedoOviedo, Spain
| | - Irune Ruiz
- Department of Pathology, Donostia University HospitalDonostia, Spain
| | - Rosana Peiró
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health) - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Madrid, Spain.,Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO) - Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana FISABIO-Salud PúblicaValencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Tejada
- Coloproctology Unit, Department of General Surgery, Huelva University Hospital ComplexHuelva, Spain
| | - María D Chirlaque
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health) - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Madrid, Spain.,Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-ArrixacaMurcia, Spain.,Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of MurciaMurcia, Spain
| | - Julia A Butt
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rocío Olmedo-Requena
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health) - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Madrid, Spain.,Granada Health Research Institute (ibs.GRANADA) - Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de GranadaGranada, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of GranadaGranada, Spain
| | - Inés Gómez-Acebo
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health) - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Madrid, Spain.,Division of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVALSantander, Spain
| | - Pedro Linares
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de LeónLeón, Spain
| | - Elena Boldo
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Area, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health) - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Madrid, Spain.,Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (Puerta de Hierro Health Research Institute)Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital ClínicBarcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Liver and Digestive Diseases - CIBER Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD)Madrid, Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health) - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Madrid, Spain.,ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL)Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelona, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health) - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Madrid, Spain.,ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL)Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia de Sanjosé
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health) - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Madrid, Spain.,Cancer Epidemiology and Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELLHospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marina Pollán
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Area, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health) - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Madrid, Spain.,Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (Puerta de Hierro Health Research Institute)Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Del Campo
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital (IRYCIS)Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases - Red Española de Investigación en Patología InfecciosaSevilla, Spain
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Area, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health) - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)Madrid, Spain
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