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Sajed M, Alvandifar S, Mallahi M. Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular Premolars Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography in Golestan Province, North of Iran. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2024; 19:183-188. [PMID: 39086715 PMCID: PMC11287047 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v19i3.40052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Successful endodontic treatment depends on completely clearing, shaping, and filling the prepared canals. Knowledge of the common and aberrant varying pulp anatomies is essential for suitable root canal treatment. Since, this anatomy is complex and varies morphologically in different populations. This study aims to determine the number of roots, canals, and evaluation of mandibular premolars canals using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images in one of Iran's northern provinces (Golestan). Materials and Methods CBCT axial, coronal, and sagittal slices of two hundred and twelve mandibular premolars were analyzed to determine the number of roots and canals based on Vertucci type. The images were analyzed in a one-millimeter slice in mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions based on gender. The data were analyzed using the Chi-score test to compare the components if the defaults were not established. A significance level of 0.05 was considered. Result Of the two hundred twelve teeth evaluated, 130 (61.3%) were first premolars, and 82 (38.6%) were second premolars. Most first premolars (78.5%) and almost all second premolars (97.6%) had one root. Morphological types of root canals were identified based on Vertucci's classification types I, II, III, IV, V, or VIII, and type I was the most frequent. There were no significant associations between number of roots and sex (P>0.05). Conclusion Mandibular premolars mostly had one root and type I Vertucci morphology. The frequency of two-canal premolars was higher in the male population. Although the abundance of two or three roots with different morphologies was also observed, the possibility of the presence of an additional root canal should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sajed
- Student Research Committee, Dental Faculty, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran;
| | - Shiva Alvandifar
- Departments of Endodontics, Dental Faculty, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran;
| | - Maisa Mallahi
- Departments of Radiology, Dental Faculty, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
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Mirah MA, Bafail A, Baik A, Abu Zaid B, Hakeem M, Ghabbani H. Root Canal Morphology of Premolars in Saudis. Cureus 2023; 15:e45888. [PMID: 37885565 PMCID: PMC10599201 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate root number and morphological variations of the root canal system in maxillary and mandibular premolars among the Saudi subpopulation. METHODOLOGY A total of 500 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were assessed, including 2442 maxillary and mandibular premolars. The evaluation encompassed the number of roots and canals and their configuration based on the Vertucci classification. Gender differences were considered, along with the position of premolars and unilateral or bilateral symmetry. RESULTS Maxillary first premolars predominantly exhibited two roots (82.6%), followed by one root (16.3%) and three roots (0.97%), with a majority having two root canals (83.6%). Regarding maxillary second premolars, the most common morphology was one root (66.6%), with two root canals (40.5%) observed more frequently than one root canal (38.1%). Mandibular first and second premolars mainly featured one root (84.8% and 96.1%, respectively) with one root canal (70.8% and 90.2%, respectively), whereas two root canals were less prevalent (2.3% and 1.8%, respectively). Three canals and three roots were rarely found in mandibular premolars (0.3%). Regarding maxillary premolars, males exhibited significantly higher type IV and mandibular type I root configurations compared with females. Conversely, regarding mandibular premolars, females showed significant mandibular type V and higher type I root configurations compared with males. CONCLUSION CBCT imaging facilitated precise assessment of root morphology and root canal configurations in maxillary and mandibular premolars. The present findings can aid dentists in diagnosing, evaluating case difficulty, and devising effective root canal treatments, particularly in patients from Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahir A Mirah
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, SAU
| | - Arwa Bafail
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, SAU
| | - Abdulmajeed Baik
- Internship Program, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, SAU
| | - Basim Abu Zaid
- Internship Program, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, SAU
| | - Muhannad Hakeem
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, SAU
| | - Hani Ghabbani
- Endodontic Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Madinah, SAU
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Niavarzi S, Ghabraei S, Malekpour F. Mandibular Second Premolar with Four Canals: A Case Report. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2022; 17:209-211. [PMID: 36703696 PMCID: PMC9868995 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v17i4.38604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The mandibular second premolar can be considered one of the most challenging teeth to treat endodontically; due to the complexity of its root canal morphology and increased incidence of multiple canals. The knowledge of internal anatomy of root canals and their possible variations as well as use of magnification, e.g. operating microscope, radiographic examination and illumination, can increase the chances of finding additional canals and contribute to the success of endodontic treatment. The purpose of the current investigation is to report the successful endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar with 4 canals; all of them in one single root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Niavarzi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sholeh Ghabraei
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Malekpour
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Fatemeh Malekpour, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since the 1960s, there has been contradictory evidence regarding the association between periodontal pathology and the status of the pulp. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histopathological changes of pulp tissue with severe periodontal disease, including vertical bone loss involving the major apical foramen, and compared them with the histological pulpal status of teeth with healthy periodontium. METHODS This case-controlled study included 35 intact teeth with severe periodontitis of hopeless prognosis (test group) and 35 teeth without periodontitis extracted for orthodontic reasons (control group). For each tooth, periodontal and endodontic parameters such as probing depth and pulpal vitality were recorded, and the pulp tissue was evaluated histologically. The data were analysed with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS Vital pulp was observed in all specimens of both groups (P=1). Pulpal inflammation in the apical portion was observed in 81.71% of the severe periodontitis group, whereas all teeth in the control group demonstrated no signs of pulpal inflammation. Dystrophic calcification and pulp stones were observed in 7.5% of the periodontitis group and 5.7% of the healthy group (P>0.05). Pulp fibrosis was observed in 22.8% of the periodontitis group and 2.8% of the control group (P=0.012). Pulpal necrosis was not noted in either group. In the periodontitis group, internal resorption was present in 22.8% of cases (P=0.005) and external resorption was present in 80% of cases (P<0.001). In the control group, no internal or external resorption was observed in any of the specimens. No differences were noted in the study patients with regard to sex or age. CONCLUSION Periodontal disease does not significantly affect pulp vitality and pulpal calcifications. However internal and/or external resorption was significantly different between the two groups as well as apical inflammation and pulp fibrosis.
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Algarni YA, Almufarrij MJ, Almoshafi IA, Alhayaza HH, Alghamdi N, Baba SM. Morphological variations of mandibular first premolar on cone-beam computed tomography in a Saudi Arabian sub-population. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:150-155. [PMID: 33679108 PMCID: PMC7910648 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In-depth knowledge of common and aberrant pulp morphology is essential for appropriate diagnosis and treatment planning prior to commencing root canal treatment. Radicular morphology of mandibular premolars has been extensively studied. Considerable variation in the number of canals and roots found in these teeth has been reported. Aim The purpose of this study is to investigate the root and root canal morphology of mandibular first premolar among Saudi Arabian subpopulation in Aseer using CBCT. Methods Cone-beam computed tomography images of Mandibular first premolar were taken from 166 patients which were referred to Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region (AFHSR), Khamis Mushayt, Asir region Saudi Arabia. All the images were assessed by two Evaluators (An Endodontist and a Radiologist). Inter-examiner reliability was determined and was assessed by KAPPA value. Results The mandibular first premolar (n = 216) distributed as 120 teeth in female and 96 teeth in male. Out of the 120 teeth examined in female groups one canal was seen in 95 (79.2%) teeth, two canals in 19 (15.8%) teeth and three canals in 6 (5%) teeth where as in the Male group out of 96 teeth, 52 (54.1%) teeth showed one canal, 32 (33.3%) teeth with two canals whereas 12 (12.5%) teeth showed presence of three canals. Chi-Square test for mandibular first premolars demonstrated the chance of second canal in the mandibular first premolar more in male than female and these differences was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion Endodontic therapy of mandibular premolars is a challenge for clinician because of their frequent morphological and anatomical abnormalities. Proper knowledge about number of root canals and canal configuration is a key to success in Endodontic. There is a great variability in different population regarding the root canal configuration in mandibular pre-molars. However, most studies state the mandibular first premolar has one root canal. Also, the most prevalent type of root canal found was Type I vertucci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef A Algarni
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Nuha Alghamdi
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suheel Manzoor Baba
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia
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Dalaei Moghadam M, Farahi F. Endodontic Treatment of Bilateral Mandibular First Premolars with Three Root Canals: A Report of Two Cases. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2021; 16:261-264. [PMID: 36704777 PMCID: PMC9735313 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v16i4.34781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Correct diagnosis of root canal anatomy is very important to ensure successful root canal treatment. Mandibular first premolars with three separate root canals are very rare. Consequently, they often require specific shaping and obturating techniques. This report describes the diagnosis and non-surgical treatment(s) of bilateral mandibular first premolars with three separate root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dalaei Moghadam
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; ,Corresponding author: Maryam Dalaei Moghadam, Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Forough Farahi
- Department of Endodontics, Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Dental School, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Khorasani M, Nabavi S, Hamedi A, Jafarzadeh H. Endodontic Treatment of C-shaped Mandibular Premolars: A Case Report and Review of Literature. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2021; 16:244-253. [PMID: 36704776 PMCID: PMC9735311 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v16i4.34187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Our article aimed to present a curious case of a mandibular premolar with a C-shaped root canal and to review the available literature on this anatomical variation. Mandibular premolar teeth account for the greatest endodontic challenges in the course of treatment on account of the morphological variations in their root canal systems, including extra root(s)/canal(s) or a C-shaped configuration. A 20-year-old female patient was referred to the Department of Endodontics of Mashhad Faculty of Dentistry, suffering from abscess, and pain while chewing. On examination the culprit was found to be the left mandibular first premolar. Following special tests and periapical radiography, we found an amalgam restoration proximate to the non-vital pulp chamber, as well as an unusually complex root canal anatomy with periapical radiolucency. A non-surgical root canal treatment with the aid of a dental operating microscope was considered as the treatment plan. Clinicians should always anticipate the presence of a C-shaped configuration in mandibular premolars, and make use of all the available tools to locate and treat such cases. A substantial knowledge of root canal anatomy would be prudent to ensure a successful outcome ensuing surgical and non-surgical root canal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monire Khorasani
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saideh Nabavi
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author: Saideh Nabavi, Dental Research Center, Vakilabad Blvd, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Hamedi
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Jafarzadeh
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Arayasantiparb R, Banomyong D. Prevalence and morphology of multiple roots, root canals and C-shaped canals in mandibular premolars from cone-beam computed tomography images in a Thai population. J Dent Sci 2020; 16:201-207. [PMID: 33384798 PMCID: PMC7770317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Variations in root and root canal morphology of mandibular premolars of Thais has not been reported, and understanding these variations enhances endodontic success. The purpose was to investigate prevalence and morphology of multiple roots, root canals and C-shaped canals in mandibular premolars in a Thai population from cone-bean computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and methods A total of 349 first mandibular premolars and 416 second premolars from CBCT images with 0.125-mm voxel size and 60 × 60 mm field of view were evaluated. Number of roots, root canals, and C-shaped canals were recorded and statistically analyzed using chi-square test. Root canal configurations were defined according to the Vertucci's classification. Levels and distances of separated multiple canals were reported. Results Multiple roots in mandibular first premolars were found at 5.73% while none of second premolars had. Multiple root canals were found in the first premolars at 19.48% and the second premolars at 3.85%. C-shaped canals (C1/C2) were found in the first premolars at 3.72% and the second premolars at 0.48%. All parameters in the first premolars were significantly higher than in the second premolars (p < 0.01). The majority of multiple root canals were defined as Vertucci's type V (1–2 canals). Multiple root canals were frequently separated at the middle level of roots about 6.5–7.0 mm from the cementoenamel junction. Conclusion Prevalence of multiple roots/root canals and C-shaped canals in mandibular first premolars were significantly higher than in mandibular second premolars. Level of separation in multiple root canals was frequently at the mid-root level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raweewan Arayasantiparb
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Danuchit Banomyong
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Thailand
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Safai P, Farzaneh B, Fekrazad R. The effects of pressure in vitro on three methods of root canal obturation. Diving Hyperb Med 2019; 49:16-20. [PMID: 30856663 DOI: 10.28920/dhm49.1.16-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The seal of root canal fillings depends on the anatomy of the root canal system and on the properties of filling materials and their bond to the walls of the root canal. Alterations in pressure may influence these properties. The current study investigated and compared microleakage in a tapered single-cone method versus lateral and vertical condensation after diving simulation. METHODS One hundred and thirty five extracted single-rooted teeth were used. Following instrumentation and irrigation to #30.06 Mtwo rotary system, obturations were performed in three groups of 45 teeth: Group 1, tapered single-cone with Endoseal MTA sealer; Group 2, lateral condensation with AH26 sealer; Group 3, vertical condensation with AH26 sealer. Then all specimens were divided into three groups and incubated at ambient room pressure (101.3 kPa), 203 kPa or 304 kPa for 120 minutes respectively 20 times over one month to simulate diving conditions. Microleakage quantitative analysis was recorded by using a 2% Methylene blue dye for 24 hours. RESULTS The amounts of microleakage increased with increasing pressure in all obturation groups; however, the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). At all three pressures, the least microleakage was recorded in Group 3, vertical condensation. Although the differences between vertical condensation, lateral condensation, and tapered single-cone methods were statistically significant (P < 0.001), the vertical condensation and lateral condensation groups did not differ from each other (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Vertical condensation may be the best technique, based on sealing ability, for people who frequently experience pressure alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooria Safai
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Farzaneh
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding author: Babak Farzaneh, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty - Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran
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Ebrahimi A, Aminzadeh N, Gharechahi M. Endodontic Treatment of a Mandibular Second Premolar with Type XVII Sert and Bayirli's Canal Anatomy. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2019; 14:75-78. [PMID: 36879599 PMCID: PMC9984825 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v14i1.23186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
For a successful root canal treatment, it is critical for the clinician to have a complete knowledge of the root canal morphology, interprets radiographs critically and properly assesses the pulp chamber floor. Anatomical variations are critical in diagnosis and a successful treatment outcome in endodontics. Knowledge of root canal morphology and anomalies is essential to succeed in root canal therapy. Mandibular premolars are famous for their atypical morphology. But the occurrence of type XVII Sert and Bayirli's root canal type is very rare in them. The purpose of this case report is to present treatment of a seldom root canal system in a mandibular second premolar. Reports of unusual cases cause clinicians to do an accurate clinical examination and radiographic interpretation and consider atypical root canal configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ebrahimi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negar Aminzadeh
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Gharechahi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Moradi S, Gharechahi M, Bonyadimanesh F. Influence of Two Preparation Techniques on Transportation of Simulated Type II Root Canals. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2018; 13:385-389. [PMID: 30083211 PMCID: PMC6064025 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v13i3.20366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes of canal configuration in simulated type II root canals that were instrumented by two different techniques using ProTaper Universal rotary files. Methods and Materials: Sixty simulated type II root canal in resin blocks were made and randomly divided into two groups. Pre and post-instrumentation images of resin blocks were prepared using stereomicroscope from three surfaces of blocks included two longitudinal section (mesiodistally and buccolingually), and one cross sectional surface. In the first group (G1) the straight canal was instrumented to the working length and the other canal was instrumented up to the area of canals junction. In second group (G2) both canals were instrumented to working length. The superimposed pre and post instrumentation images were assessed by the Adobe Photoshop software. The degree of transportation, centering ability, perimeter, surface and aspetic ratio (AR) in cross section and longitudinal section at apex, 3 mm and 5 mm above the apex, were measured. SPSS software, t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used for statistics analysis. Result: In mesiodistal direction, canal transportation was more (P=0.024) only in junction point in G2 which both canals were instrumented to working length. Also, surface changes were more significant (P=0.02) in G2 in cross sectional direction. The other parameter and also apical transportation had not significant difference in two groups. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that both two preparation methods of type II canals can be used by rotary instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Moradi
- Dental Materials Research Center, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Gharechahi
- Dental Research Center, Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Hajihassani N, Roohi N, Madadi K, Bakhshi M, Tofangchiha M. Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular First and Second Premolars Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in a Defined Group of Dental Patients in Iran. SCIENTIFICA 2017; 2017:1504341. [PMID: 29348968 PMCID: PMC5734008 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1504341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful dental root canal treatments require a complete knowledge of dental anatomy and root canal morphology. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and forty-five cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were used to assess the anatomy and morphology of mandibular premolars based on Vertucci's classifications in a defined group of dental patients in Iran. The number of roots and root canals, root canal morphology, root and canal shape (curvature), existence of C-shaped canal, and influence of sex on each of these were evaluated. A chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The mandibular first and second premolars had a single root in 95.97% and 100% cases, respectively. In the mandibular first premolars, 62.2% were of type I, 0.8% type II, 10.9% type III, 0.8% type IV, 20.3% type V, 4.2% type VI, and 0.8% type VII; in the second premolars, 78% of canals were of type I, 3% type II, 11% type III, 7% type V, and 1% type VI. C-shaped canals did not exist in either of the premolars. The most prevalent root and canal shape was straight. The most prevalent root curvature was a distal curvature in both premolars (71.4% and 74% of first and second premolars, resp.). The most prevalent canal curvature was lingual and buccal for the first premolars (7.6% each) and distal for the second premolars (11%). No significant difference was found between men and women in nearly all of the above (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggest that there is a need to conduct further evaluations on finding root and canal variations among more populations to gain better knowledge prior to root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Hajihassani
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Neda Roohi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Karim Madadi
- Private Practice, First Floor, No. 1, 7th Ave, Shohada Blvd, P.O. Box 3175745116, Fardis, Kara, Alborz Province, Iran
| | - Mahin Bakhshi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tofangchiha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental School, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Naseri M, Kharazifard MJ, Hosseinpour S. Canal Configuration of Mesiobuccal Roots in Permanent Maxillary First Molars in Iranian Population: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (TEHRAN, IRAN) 2016; 13:438-447. [PMID: 28243306 PMCID: PMC5318501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is essential for clinicians to have adequate knowledge about root canal configurations; although its morphology varies largely in different ethnicities and even in different individuals with the same ethnic background. The current study aims to review the root canal configurations of mesiobuccal roots of maxillary first molars in an Iranian population based on different epidemiological studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted to retrieve articles related to root canal configuration and prevalence of each type of root canal based on Vertucci's classification for the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molars. An electronic search was conducted in Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar from January 1984 to September 2015. The articles were evaluated and methods, population, number of teeth and percentage of each root canal type evaluated in each study were summarized in the data table. Websites such as http://www.magiran.com/ , http://health.barakatkns.com/journal-internal-list and www.sid.ir were used to search all related studies published in Persian. RESULTS Totally, out of nine studies conducted on the Iranian populations in nine provinces of Iran and 798 teeth, the Vertucci's type I was the most common type (35.70%), followed by type II (30.37%), type IV (16.66%), type III (7.93%) and type V (2.61%). CONCLUSIONS From this review article, it is concluded that the root canal morphology of mesiobuccal roots of maxillary first molars in the Iranian population predominantly has more than one canal. Therefore, careful evaluation of radiographs and anatomy of the pulp chamber is essential in order to achieve a successful root canal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Naseri
- Associate Professor, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Kharazifard
- Epidemiologist, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepanta Hosseinpour
- Dental and MPH Student, Students’ Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: S. Hosseinpour, Students’ Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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