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Fábián A, Péntek BK, Soós V, Sági L. Heat stress during male meiosis impairs cytoskeletal organization, spindle assembly and tapetum degeneration in wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1314021. [PMID: 38259921 PMCID: PMC10800805 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1314021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The significance of heat stress in agriculture is ever-increasing with the progress of global climate changes. Due to a negative effect on the yield of staple crops, including wheat, the impairment of plant reproductive development triggered by high ambient temperature became a restraint in food production. Although the heat sensitivity of male meiosis and the following gamete development in wheat has long been recognized, a detailed structural characterization combined with a comprehensive gene expression analysis has not been done about this phenomenon. We demonstrate here that heat stress severely alters the cytoskeletal configuration, triggers the failure of meiotic division in wheat. Moreover, it changes the expression of genes related to gamete development in male meiocytes and the tapetum layer in a genotype-dependent manner. 'Ellvis', a heat-tolerant winter wheat cultivar, showed high spikelet fertility rate and only scarce structural aberrations upon exposure to high temperature. In addition, heat shock genes and genes involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species were significantly upregulated in 'Ellvis', and the expression of meiosis-specific and major developmental genes showed high stability in this cultivar. In the heat-sensitive 'Mv 17-09', however, genes participating in cytoskeletal fiber nucleation, the spindle assembly checkpoint genes, and tapetum-specific developmental regulators were downregulated. These alterations may be related to the decreased cytoskeleton content, frequent micronuclei formation, and the erroneous persistence of the tapetum layer observed in the sensitive genotype. Our results suggest that understanding the heat-sensitive regulation of these gene functions would be an essential contribution to the development of new, heat-tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Fábián
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | | | - Vilmos Soós
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - László Sági
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Plant Biotechnology Section, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
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2
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Roux-Bourdieu ML, Dwivedi D, Harry D, Meraldi P. PLK1 controls centriole distal appendage formation and centrobin removal via independent pathways. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275085. [PMID: 35343570 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are central structural elements of centrosomes and cilia. In human cells daughter centrioles are assembled adjacent to existing centrioles in S-phase and reach their full functionality with the formation of distal and subdistal appendages one-and-a-half cell cycle later, as they exit their second mitosis. Current models postulate that the centriolar protein centrobin acts as placeholder for distal appendage proteins that must be removed to complete distal appendage formation. Here, we investigated in non-transformed human epithelial RPE1 cells the mechanisms controlling centrobin removal and its effect on distal appendage formation. Our data are consistent with a speculative model in which centrobin is removed from older centrioles due to a higher affinity for the newly born daughter centrioles, under the control of the centrosomal kinase Plk1. This removal also depends on the presence of subdistal appendage proteins on the oldest centriole. Removing centrobin, however, is not required for the recruitment of distal appendage proteins, even though this process is equally dependent on Plk1. We conclude that Plk1 kinase regulates centrobin removal and distal appendage formation during centriole maturation via separate pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Le Roux-Bourdieu
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Devashish Dwivedi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Harry
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Meraldi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Translational Research Centre in Onco-haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Wang X, Li L, Shao Y, Wei J, Song R, Zheng S, Li Y, Song F. Effects of the Laplace pressure on the cells during cytokinesis. iScience 2021; 24:102945. [PMID: 34458697 PMCID: PMC8377492 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Laplace pressure is one of the most fundamental regulators that determine cell shape and function, and thus has been receiving widespread attention. Here, we systemically investigate the effect of the Laplace pressure on the shape and function of the cells during cytokinesis. We find that the Laplace pressure during cytokinesis can directly control the distribution and size of cell blebbing and adjust the symmetry of cell division by virtue of changing the characteristics of cell blebbing. Further, we demonstrate that the Laplace pressure changes the structural uniformity of cell boundary to regulate the symmetry of cell division. Our findings provide further insights as to the important role of the Laplace pressure in regulating the symmetry of cell division during cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yingfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiachen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ruopu Song
- School of Life Science and Health, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Songjie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Garrido-Casado M, Asensio-Juárez G, Vicente-Manzanares M. Nonmuscle Myosin II Regulation Directs Its Multiple Roles in Cell Migration and Division. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2021; 37:285-310. [PMID: 34314591 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-042721-105528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) is a multimeric protein complex that generates most mechanical force in eukaryotic cells. NMII function is controlled at three main levels. The first level includes events that trigger conformational changes that extend the complex to enable its assembly into filaments. The second level controls the ATPase activity of the complex and its binding to microfilaments in extended NMII filaments. The third level includes events that modulate the stability and contractility of the filaments. They all work in concert to finely control force generation inside cells. NMII is a common endpoint of mechanochemical signaling pathways that control cellular responses to physical and chemical extracellular cues. Specific phosphorylations modulate NMII activation in a context-dependent manner. A few kinases control these phosphorylations in a spatially, temporally, and lineage-restricted fashion, enabling functional adaptability to the cellular microenvironment. Here, we review mechanisms that control NMII activity in the context of cell migration and division. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Volume 37 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Garrido-Casado
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Gloria Asensio-Juárez
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
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5
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Dudka D, Castrogiovanni C, Liaudet N, Vassal H, Meraldi P. Spindle-Length-Dependent HURP Localization Allows Centrosomes to Control Kinetochore-Fiber Plus-End Dynamics. Curr Biol 2019; 29:3563-3578.e6. [PMID: 31668617 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
During mitosis, centrosomes affect the length of kinetochore fibers (k-fibers) and the stability of kinetochore-microtubule attachments, implying that they regulate k-fiber dynamics. However, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms of this regulation remain unknown. Here, we created human cells with only one centrosome to investigate these mechanisms. Such cells formed asymmetric bipolar spindles that resulted in asymmetric cell divisions. K-fibers in the acentrosomal half-spindles were shorter, more stable, and had a reduced poleward microtubule flux at minus ends and more frequent pausing events at their plus ends. This indicates that centrosomes regulate k-fiber dynamics both locally at minus ends and far away at plus ends. At the molecular level, we find that the microtubule-stabilizing protein HURP is enriched on the k-fiber plus ends in the acentrosomal half-spindles of cells with only one centrosome. HURP depletion rebalances k-fiber stability and plus-end dynamics in such cells and improves spindle and cell division symmetry. Our data from 3 different cell lines indicate that HURP accumulates on k-fibers inversely proportionally to half-spindle length. We therefore propose that centrosomes regulate k-fiber plus ends indirectly via length-dependent accumulation of HURP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Dudka
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Castrogiovanni
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Liaudet
- Bioimaging Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Vassal
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; National Institute of Applied Sciences, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Patrick Meraldi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Translational Research Centre in Onco-hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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6
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Wilhelm T, Olziersky AM, Harry D, De Sousa F, Vassal H, Eskat A, Meraldi P. Mild replication stress causes chromosome mis-segregation via premature centriole disengagement. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3585. [PMID: 31395887 PMCID: PMC6687892 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication stress, a hallmark of cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions, is linked to structural chromosomal aberrations. Recent studies demonstrated that it could also lead to numerical chromosomal instability (CIN). The mechanism, however, remains elusive. Here, we show that inducing replication stress in non-cancerous cells stabilizes spindle microtubules and favours premature centriole disengagement, causing transient multipolar spindles that lead to lagging chromosomes and micronuclei. Premature centriole disengagement depends on the G2 activity of the Cdk, Plk1 and ATR kinases, implying a DNA-damage induced deregulation of the centrosome cycle. Premature centriole disengagement also occurs spontaneously in some CIN+ cancer cell lines and can be suppressed by attenuating replication stress. Finally, we show that replication stress potentiates the effect of the chemotherapeutic agent taxol, by increasing the incidence of multipolar cell divisions. We postulate that replication stress in cancer cells induces numerical CIN via transient multipolar spindles caused by premature centriole disengagement. Chromosome instability can be caused by replication stress, although the mechanism is unclear. Here, the authors show that inducing mild replication stress in cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines leads to centriole disengagement and the subsequent formation of lagging chromosomes and micronuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Wilhelm
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland. .,Department of Genetic Stability and Oncogenesis, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UMR8200, 94805, Villejuif, France.
| | - Anna-Maria Olziersky
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Harry
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Filipe De Sousa
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Helène Vassal
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.,National Institute of Applied Sciences, Villeurbanne, 69621, France
| | - Anja Eskat
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.,Clinical Trials Center, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Meraldi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland. .,Translational Research Centre in Onco-hematology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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7
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Pham TT, Monnard A, Helenius J, Lund E, Lee N, Müller DJ, Cabernard C. Spatiotemporally Controlled Myosin Relocalization and Internal Pressure Generate Sibling Cell Size Asymmetry. iScience 2019; 13:9-19. [PMID: 30785031 PMCID: PMC6383127 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metazoan cells can generate unequal-sized sibling cells during cell division. This form of asymmetric cell division depends on spindle geometry and Myosin distribution, but the underlying mechanics are unclear. Here, we use atomic force microscopy and live cell imaging to elucidate the biophysical forces involved in the establishment of physical asymmetry in Drosophila neural stem cells. We show that initial apical cortical expansion is driven by hydrostatic pressure, peaking shortly after anaphase onset, and enabled by a relief of actomyosin contractile tension on the apical cell cortex. An increase in contractile tension at the cleavage furrow combined with the relocalization of basally located Myosin initiates basal and sustains apical extension. We propose that spatiotemporally controlled actomyosin contractile tension and hydrostatic pressure enable biased cortical expansion to generate sibling cell size asymmetry. However, dynamic cleavage furrow repositioning can compensate for the lack of biased expansion to establish physical asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Thanh Pham
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Life Science Building, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Arnaud Monnard
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Life Science Building, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonne Helenius
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erik Lund
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Life Science Building, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nicole Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Life Science Building, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Dr., Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Cabernard
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Life Science Building, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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8
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Dudka D, Noatynska A, Smith CA, Liaudet N, McAinsh AD, Meraldi P. Complete microtubule-kinetochore occupancy favours the segregation of merotelic attachments. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2042. [PMID: 29795284 PMCID: PMC5966435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetochores are multi-protein complexes that power chromosome movements by tracking microtubules plus-ends in the mitotic spindle. Human kinetochores bind up to 20 microtubules, even though single microtubules can generate sufficient force to move chromosomes. Here, we show that high microtubule occupancy at kinetochores ensures robust chromosome segregation by providing a strong mechanical force that favours segregation of merotelic attachments during anaphase. Using low doses of the microtubules-targeting agent BAL27862 we reduce microtubule occupancy and observe that spindle morphology is unaffected and bi-oriented kinetochores can still oscillate with normal intra-kinetochore distances. Inter-kinetochore stretching is, however, dramatically reduced. The reduction in microtubule occupancy and inter-kinetochore stretching does not delay satisfaction of the spindle assembly checkpoint or induce microtubule detachment via Aurora-B kinase, which was so far thought to release microtubules from kinetochores under low stretching. Rather, partial microtubule occupancy slows down anaphase A and increases incidences of lagging chromosomes due to merotelically attached kinetochores. Single microtubules (MTs) can move chromosomes, but it is unclear why kinetochores bind up to 20 MTs. Here, the authors decrease the number of kinetochore MTs with BAL27862 and see lagging chromosomes, suggesting that numerous kinetochore MTs provide force ensuring robust chromosomal segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Dudka
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Anna Noatynska
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Chris A Smith
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology & Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.,Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicolas Liaudet
- Bioimaging Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Andrew D McAinsh
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology & Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| | - Patrick Meraldi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland. .,Translational Research Centre in Onco-hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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9
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Asymmetric Centriole Numbers at Spindle Poles Cause Chromosome Missegregation in Cancer. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1906-1920. [PMID: 28834753 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability is a hallmark of cancer and correlates with the presence of extra centrosomes, which originate from centriole overduplication. Overduplicated centrioles lead to the formation of centriole rosettes, which mature into supernumerary centrosomes in the subsequent cell cycle. While extra centrosomes promote chromosome missegregation by clustering into pseudo-bipolar spindles, the contribution of centriole rosettes to chromosome missegregation is unknown. We used multi-modal imaging of cells with conditional centriole overduplication to show that mitotic rosettes in bipolar spindles frequently harbor unequal centriole numbers, leading to biased chromosome capture that favors binding to the prominent pole. This results in chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy. Rosette mitoses lead to viable offspring and significantly contribute to progeny production. We further show that centrosome abnormalities in primary human malignancies frequently consist of centriole rosettes. As asymmetric centriole rosettes generate mitotic errors that can be propagated, rosette mitoses are sufficient to cause chromosome missegregation in cancer.
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10
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Vertii A, Kaufman PD, Hehnly H, Doxsey S. New dimensions of asymmetric division in vertebrates. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 75:87-102. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastassiia Vertii
- Department of MolecularCell and Cancer Biology University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester Massachusetts
| | - Paul D. Kaufman
- Department of MolecularCell and Cancer Biology University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester Massachusetts
| | - Heidi Hehnly
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologySUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuse New York13210
| | - Stephen Doxsey
- Program in Molecular Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester Massachusetts
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11
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Roubinet C, Tsankova A, Pham TT, Monnard A, Caussinus E, Affolter M, Cabernard C. Spatio-temporally separated cortical flows and spindle geometry establish physical asymmetry in fly neural stem cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1383. [PMID: 29123099 PMCID: PMC5680339 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division, creating sibling cells with distinct developmental potentials, can be manifested in sibling cell size asymmetry. This form of physical asymmetry occurs in several metazoan cells, but the underlying mechanisms and function are incompletely understood. Here we use Drosophila neural stem cells to elucidate the mechanisms involved in physical asymmetry establishment. We show that Myosin relocalizes to the cleavage furrow via two distinct cortical Myosin flows: at anaphase onset, a polarity induced, basally directed Myosin flow clears Myosin from the apical cortex. Subsequently, mitotic spindle cues establish a Myosin gradient at the lateral neuroblast cortex, necessary to trigger an apically directed flow, removing Actomyosin from the basal cortex. On the basis of the data presented here, we propose that spatiotemporally controlled Myosin flows in conjunction with spindle positioning and spindle asymmetry are key determinants for correct cleavage furrow placement and cortical expansion, thereby establishing physical asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Roubinet
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anna Tsankova
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Streuli Pharma AG, Bahnhofstrasse 7, CH-8730, Uznach, Switzerland
| | - Tri Thanh Pham
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, 24 Kincaid Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Arnaud Monnard
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, 24 Kincaid Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Emmanuel Caussinus
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Affolter
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Cabernard
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, 24 Kincaid Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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12
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Abstract
A motor protein called Klp10A ensures that germline stem cells in male fruit flies divide to produce two sibling cells that are equal in size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Cabernard
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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13
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Dudka D, Meraldi P. Symmetry Does not Come for Free: Cellular Mechanisms to Achieve a Symmetric Cell Division. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 61:301-321. [PMID: 28409311 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-53150-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During mitosis cells can divide symmetrically to proliferate or asymmetrically to generate tissue diversity. While the mechanisms that ensure asymmetric cell division have been extensively studied, it is often assumed that a symmetric cell division is the default outcome of mitosis. Recent studies, however, imply that the symmetric nature of cell division is actively controlled, as they reveal numerous mechanisms that ensure the formation of equal-sized daughter cells as cells progress through cell division. Here we review our current knowledge of these mechanisms and highlight possible key questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Dudka
- Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Meraldi
- Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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14
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Abstract
Centrosomes are complex structures, which are embedded into the opposite poles of the mitotic spindle of most animals, acting as microtubule organizing centres. Surprisingly, in several biological systems, such as flies, chicken, or human cells, centrosomes are not essential for cell division. Nonetheless, they ensure faithful chromosome segregation. Moreover, mis-functioning centrosomes can act in a dominant-negative manner, resulting in erroneous mitotic progression. Here, I review the mechanisms by which centrosomes contribute to proper spindle organization and faithful chromosome segregation under physiological conditions and discuss how errors in centrosome function impair transmission of the genomic material in a pathological setting.
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