1
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Xiong GJ, Sheng ZH. Presynaptic perspective: Axonal transport defects in neurodevelopmental disorders. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202401145. [PMID: 38568173 PMCID: PMC10988239 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202401145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Disruption of synapse assembly and maturation leads to a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders. Presynaptic proteins are largely synthesized in the soma, where they are packaged into precursor vesicles and transported into distal axons to ensure precise assembly and maintenance of presynapses. Due to their morphological features, neurons face challenges in the delivery of presynaptic cargos to nascent boutons. Thus, targeted axonal transport is vital to build functional synapses. A growing number of mutations in genes encoding the transport machinery have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. Emerging lines of evidence have started to uncover presynaptic mechanisms underlying axonal transport defects, thus broadening the view of neurodevelopmental disorders beyond postsynaptic mechanisms. In this review, we discuss presynaptic perspectives of neurodevelopmental disorders by focusing on impaired axonal transport and disturbed assembly and maintenance of presynapses. We also discuss potential strategies for restoring axonal transport as an early therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Jing Xiong
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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2
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Petzoldt AG. Presynaptic Precursor Vesicles-Cargo, Biogenesis, and Kinesin-Based Transport across Species. Cells 2023; 12:2248. [PMID: 37759474 PMCID: PMC10527734 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The faithful formation and, consequently, function of a synapse requires continuous and tightly controlled delivery of synaptic material. At the presynapse, a variety of proteins with unequal molecular properties are indispensable to compose and control the molecular machinery concerting neurotransmitter release through synaptic vesicle fusion with the presynaptic membrane. As presynaptic proteins are produced mainly in the neuronal soma, they are obliged to traffic along microtubules through the axon to reach the consuming presynapse. This anterograde transport is performed by highly specialised and diverse presynaptic precursor vesicles, membranous organelles able to transport as different proteins such as synaptic vesicle membrane and membrane-associated proteins, cytosolic active zone proteins, ion-channels, and presynaptic membrane proteins, coordinating synaptic vesicle exo- and endocytosis. This review aims to summarise and categorise the diverse and numerous findings describing presynaptic precursor cargo, mode of trafficking, kinesin-based axonal transport and the molecular mechanisms of presynaptic precursor vesicles biogenesis in both vertebrate and invertebrate model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid G Petzoldt
- Institute for Biology and Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Ghelani T, Escher M, Thomas U, Esch K, Lützkendorf J, Depner H, Maglione M, Parutto P, Gratz S, Matkovic-Rachid T, Ryglewski S, Walter AM, Holcman D, O‘Connor Giles K, Heine M, Sigrist SJ. Interactive nanocluster compaction of the ELKS scaffold and Cacophony Ca 2+ channels drives sustained active zone potentiation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7804. [PMID: 36800417 PMCID: PMC9937578 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
At presynaptic active zones (AZs), conserved scaffold protein architectures control synaptic vesicle (SV) release by defining the nanoscale distribution and density of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). While AZs can potentiate SV release in the minutes range, we lack an understanding of how AZ scaffold components and VGCCs engage into potentiation. We here establish dynamic, intravital single-molecule imaging of endogenously tagged proteins at Drosophila AZs undergoing presynaptic homeostatic potentiation. During potentiation, the numbers of α1 VGCC subunit Cacophony (Cac) increased per AZ, while their mobility decreased and nanoscale distribution compacted. These dynamic Cac changes depended on the interaction between Cac channel's intracellular carboxyl terminus and the membrane-close amino-terminal region of the ELKS-family protein Bruchpilot, whose distribution compacted drastically. The Cac-ELKS/Bruchpilot interaction was also needed for sustained AZ potentiation. Our single-molecule analysis illustrates how the AZ scaffold couples to VGCC nanoscale distribution and dynamics to establish a state of sustained potentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Ghelani
- Institute for Biology and Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Molecular and Theoretical Neuroscience Leibniz-Forschungs Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) im CharitéCrossOver (CCO) Charité–University Medicine Berlin Charité Campus Mitte, Charité Platz, 110117 Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Escher
- Institute for Biology and Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Thomas
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Klara Esch
- Institute for Biology and Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Lützkendorf
- Institute for Biology and Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Depner
- Institute for Biology and Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Maglione
- Institute for Biology and Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, SupraFAB, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 23a, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Parutto
- Group of Applied Mathematics and Computational Biology, IBENS, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France
- Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Churchill College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0DS, UK
| | - Scott Gratz
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Tanja Matkovic-Rachid
- Institute for Biology and Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ryglewski
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander M. Walter
- Molecular and Theoretical Neuroscience Leibniz-Forschungs Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) im CharitéCrossOver (CCO) Charité–University Medicine Berlin Charité Campus Mitte, Charité Platz, 110117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - David Holcman
- Group of Applied Mathematics and Computational Biology, IBENS, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France
- Churchill College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0DS, UK
| | - Kate O‘Connor Giles
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Martin Heine
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Group Molecular Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stephan J. Sigrist
- Institute for Biology and Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Turrel O, Ramesh N, Escher MJF, Pooryasin A, Sigrist SJ. Transient active zone remodeling in the Drosophila mushroom body supports memory. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4900-4913.e4. [PMID: 36327980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating how the distinct components of synaptic plasticity dynamically orchestrate the distinct stages of memory acquisition and maintenance within neuronal networks remains a major challenge. Specifically, plasticity processes tuning the functional and also structural state of presynaptic active zone (AZ) release sites are widely observed in vertebrates and invertebrates, but their behavioral relevance remains mostly unclear. We here provide evidence that a transient upregulation of presynaptic AZ release site proteins supports aversive olfactory mid-term memory in the Drosophila mushroom body (MB). Upon paired aversive olfactory conditioning, AZ protein levels (ELKS-family BRP/(m)unc13-family release factor Unc13A) increased for a few hours with MB-lobe-specific dynamics. Kenyon cell (KC, intrinsic MB neurons)-specific knockdown (KD) of BRP did not affect aversive olfactory short-term memory (STM) but strongly suppressed aversive mid-term memory (MTM). Different proteins crucial for the transport of AZ biosynthetic precursors (transport adaptor Aplip1/Jip-1; kinesin motor IMAC/Unc104; small GTPase Arl8) were also specifically required for the formation of aversive olfactory MTM. Consistent with the merely transitory increase of AZ proteins, BRP KD did not interfere with the formation of aversive olfactory long-term memory (LTM; i.e., 1 day). Our data suggest that the remodeling of presynaptic AZ refines the MB circuitry after paired aversive conditioning, over a time window of a few hours, to display aversive olfactory memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriane Turrel
- Institute for Biology/Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Niraja Ramesh
- Institute for Biology/Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc J F Escher
- Institute for Biology/Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Atefeh Pooryasin
- Institute for Biology/Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan J Sigrist
- Institute for Biology/Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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5
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Sen S, Lagas S, Roy A, Kumar H. Cytoskeleton saga: Its regulation in normal physiology and modulation in neurodegenerative disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 925:175001. [PMID: 35525310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cells are fundamental units of life. To ensure the maintenance of homeostasis, integrity of structural and functional counterparts is needed to be essentially balanced. The cytoskeleton plays a vital role in regulating the cellular morphology, signalling and other factors involved in pathological conditions. Microtubules, actin (microfilaments), intermediate filaments (IF) and their interactions are required for these activities. Various proteins associated with these components are primary requirements for directing their functions. Disruption of this organization due to faulty genetics, oxidative stress or impaired transport mechanisms are the major causes of dysregulated signalling cascades leading to various pathological conditions like Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) or any traumatic injury like spinal cord injury (SCI). Novel or conventional therapeutic approaches may be specific or non-specific, targeting either three basic components of the cytoskeleton or various cascades that serve as a cue to numerous pathways like ROCK signalling or the GSK-3β pathway. An enormous number of drugs have been redirected for modulating the cytoskeletal dynamics and thereby may pave the way for inhibiting the progression of these diseases and their complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santimoy Sen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sheetal Lagas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhishek Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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6
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Götz TWB, Puchkov D, Lysiuk V, Lützkendorf J, Nikonenko AG, Quentin C, Lehmann M, Sigrist SJ, Petzoldt AG. Rab2 regulates presynaptic precursor vesicle biogenesis at the trans-Golgi. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211946. [PMID: 33822845 PMCID: PMC8025234 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable delivery of presynaptic material, including active zone and synaptic vesicle proteins from neuronal somata to synaptic terminals, is prerequisite for successful synaptogenesis and neurotransmission. However, molecular mechanisms controlling the somatic assembly of presynaptic precursors remain insufficiently understood. We show here that in mutants of the small GTPase Rab2, both active zone and synaptic vesicle proteins accumulated in the neuronal cell body at the trans-Golgi and were, consequently, depleted at synaptic terminals, provoking neurotransmission deficits. Ectopic presynaptic material accumulations consisted of heterogeneous vesicles and short tubules of 40 × 60 nm, segregating in subfractions either positive for active zone or synaptic vesicle proteins and LAMP1, a lysosomal membrane protein. Genetically, Rab2 acts upstream of Arl8, a lysosomal adaptor controlling axonal export of precursors. Collectively, we identified a Golgi-associated assembly sequence of presynaptic precursor biogenesis dependent on a Rab2-regulated protein export and sorting step at the trans-Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten W B Götz
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmytro Puchkov
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veronika Lysiuk
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Lützkendorf
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christine Quentin
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan J Sigrist
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Astrid G Petzoldt
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Petzoldt AG, Götz TWB, Driller JH, Lützkendorf J, Reddy-Alla S, Matkovic-Rachid T, Liu S, Knoche E, Mertel S, Ugorets V, Lehmann M, Ramesh N, Beuschel CB, Kuropka B, Freund C, Stelzl U, Loll B, Liu F, Wahl MC, Sigrist SJ. RIM-binding protein couples synaptic vesicle recruitment to release sites. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151735. [PMID: 32369542 PMCID: PMC7337501 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201902059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
At presynaptic active zones, arrays of large conserved scaffold proteins mediate fast and temporally precise release of synaptic vesicles (SVs). SV release sites could be identified by clusters of Munc13, which allow SVs to dock in defined nanoscale relation to Ca2+ channels. We here show in Drosophila that RIM-binding protein (RIM-BP) connects release sites physically and functionally to the ELKS family Bruchpilot (BRP)-based scaffold engaged in SV recruitment. The RIM-BP N-terminal domain, while dispensable for SV release site organization, was crucial for proper nanoscale patterning of the BRP scaffold and needed for SV recruitment of SVs under strong stimulation. Structural analysis further showed that the RIM-BP fibronectin domains form a “hinge” in the protein center, while the C-terminal SH3 domain tandem binds RIM, Munc13, and Ca2+ channels release machinery collectively. RIM-BPs’ conserved domain architecture seemingly provides a relay to guide SVs from membrane far scaffolds into membrane close release sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid G Petzoldt
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten W B Götz
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Heiner Driller
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry/Structural Biochemistry Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Lützkendorf
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Suneel Reddy-Alla
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sunbin Liu
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry/Structural Biochemistry Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Knoche
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Mertel
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vladimir Ugorets
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niraja Ramesh
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Benno Kuropka
- Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Stelzl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry/Structural Biochemistry Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fan Liu
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus C Wahl
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry/Structural Biochemistry Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Macromolecular Crystallography, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan J Sigrist
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology and Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure, Charité, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Gao T, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Zhang H, Li N, Liu B. Impact of RIM-BPs in neuronal vesicles release. Brain Res Bull 2021; 170:129-136. [PMID: 33581313 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accurate signal transmission between neurons is accomplished by vesicle release with high spatiotemporal resolution in the central nervous system. The vesicle release occurs mainly in the active zone (AZ), a unique area on the presynaptic membrane. Many structural proteins expressed in the AZ connect with other proteins nearby. They can also regulate the precise release of vesicles through protein-protein interactions. RIM-binding proteins (RIM-BPs) are one of the essential proteins in the AZ. This review summarizes the structures and functions of three subtypes of RIM-BPs, including the interaction between RIM-BPs and other proteins such as Bassoon and voltage-gated calcium channel, their significance in stabilizing the AZ structure in the presynaptic region and collecting ion channels, and ultimately regulating the fusion and release of neuronal vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zhengyao Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjin Campus of Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Yunong Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Hangyu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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9
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Rizalar FS, Roosen DA, Haucke V. A Presynaptic Perspective on Transport and Assembly Mechanisms for Synapse Formation. Neuron 2020; 109:27-41. [PMID: 33098763 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells with a single axon and multiple dendrites derived from the cell body to form tightly associated pre- and postsynaptic compartments. As the biosynthetic machinery is largely restricted to the somatodendritic domain, the vast majority of presynaptic components are synthesized in the neuronal soma, packaged into synaptic precursor vesicles, and actively transported along the axon to sites of presynaptic biogenesis. In contrast with the significant progress that has been made in understanding synaptic transmission and processing of information at the post-synapse, comparably little is known about the formation and dynamic remodeling of the presynaptic compartment. We review here our current understanding of the mechanisms that govern the biogenesis, transport, and assembly of the key components for presynaptic neurotransmission, discuss how alterations in presynaptic assembly may impact nervous system function or lead to disease, and outline key open questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Sila Rizalar
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorien A Roosen
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Dembla E, Dembla M, Maxeiner S, Schmitz F. Synaptic ribbons foster active zone stability and illumination-dependent active zone enrichment of RIM2 and Cav1.4 in photoreceptor synapses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5957. [PMID: 32249787 PMCID: PMC7136232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rod photoreceptor synapses use large, ribbon-type active zones for continuous synaptic transmission during light and dark. Since ribbons are physically connected to the active zones, we asked whether illumination-dependent changes of ribbons influence Cav1.4/RIM2 protein clusters at the active zone and whether these illumination-dependent effects at the active zone require the presence of the synaptic ribbon. We found that synaptic ribbon length and the length of presynaptic Cav1.4/RIM2 clusters are tightly correlated. Dark-adaptation did not change the number of ribbons and active zone puncta. However, mean ribbon length and length of presynaptic Cav1.4/RIM2 clusters increased significantly during dark-adaptation when tonic exocytosis is highest. In the present study, we identified by the analyses of synaptic ribbon-deficient RIBEYE knockout mice that synaptic ribbons are (1) needed to stabilize Cav1.4/RIM2 at rod photoreceptor active zones and (2) are required for the darkness-induced active zone enrichment of Cav1.4/RIM2. These data propose a role of the ribbon in active zone stabilization and suggest a homeostatic function of the ribbon in illumination-dependent active zone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Dembla
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Mayur Dembla
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Maxeiner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421, Homburg, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, AG Krasteva-Christ, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schmitz
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, Saarland University, Medical School, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
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11
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RIMB-1/RIM-Binding Protein and UNC-10/RIM Redundantly Regulate Presynaptic Localization of the Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Neurosci 2019; 39:8617-8631. [PMID: 31530643 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0506-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Presynaptic active zones (AZs) contain many molecules essential for neurotransmitter release and are assembled in a highly organized manner. A network of adaptor proteins known as cytomatrix at the AZ (CAZ) is important for shaping the structural characteristics of AZ. Rab3-interacting molecule (RIM)-binding protein (RBP) family are binding partners of the CAZ protein RIM and also bind the voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) in mice and flies. Here, we investigated the physiological roles of RIMB-1, the homolog of RBPs in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans RIMB-1 is expressed broadly in neurons and predominantly localized at presynaptic sites. Loss-of-function animals of rimb-1 displayed slight defects in motility and response to pharmacological inhibition of synaptic transmission, suggesting a modest involvement of rimb-1 in synapse function. We analyzed genetic interactions of rimb-1 by testing candidate genes and by an unbiased forward genetic screen for rimb-1 enhancer. Both analyses identified the RIM homolog UNC-10 that acts together with RIMB-1 to regulate presynaptic localization of the P/Q-type VGCC UNC-2/Cav2. We also find that the precise localization of RIMB-1 to presynaptic sites requires presynaptic UNC-2/Cav2. RIMB-1 has multiple FN3 and SH3 domains. Our transgenic rescue analysis with RIMB-1 deletion constructs revealed a functional requirement of a C-terminal SH3 in regulating UNC-2/Cav2 localization. Together, these findings suggest a redundant role of RIMB-1/RBP and UNC-10/RIM to regulate the abundance of UNC-2/Cav2 at the presynaptic AZ in C. elegans, depending on the bidirectional interplay between CAZ adaptor and channel proteins.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Presynaptic active zones (AZs) are highly organized structures for synaptic transmission with characteristic networks of adaptor proteins called cytomatrix at the AZ (CAZ). In this study, we characterized a CAZ protein RIMB-1, named for RIM-binding protein (RBP), in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Through systematic analyses of genetic interactions and an unbiased genetic enhancer screen of rimb-1, we revealed a redundant role of two CAZ proteins RIMB-1/RBP and UNC-10/RIM in regulating presynaptic localization of UNC-2/Cav2, a voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) critical for proper neurotransmitter release. Additionally, the precise localization of RIMB-1/RBP requires presynaptic UNC-2/Cav2. These findings provide new mechanistic insight about how the interplay among multiple CAZ adaptor proteins and VGCC contributes to the organization of presynaptic AZ.
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12
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Driller JH, Lützkendorf J, Depner H, Siebert M, Kuropka B, Weise C, Piao C, Petzoldt AG, Lehmann M, Stelzl U, Zahedi R, Sickmann A, Freund C, Sigrist SJ, Wahl MC. Phosphorylation of the Bruchpilot N-terminus in Drosophila unlocks axonal transport of active zone building blocks. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.225151. [PMID: 30745339 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.225151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein scaffolds at presynaptic active zone membranes control information transfer at synapses. For scaffold biogenesis and maintenance, scaffold components must be safely transported along axons. A spectrum of kinases has been suggested to control transport of scaffold components, but direct kinase-substrate relationships and operational principles steering phosphorylation-dependent active zone protein transport are presently unknown. Here, we show that extensive phosphorylation of a 150-residue unstructured region at the N-terminus of the highly elongated Bruchpilot (BRP) active zone protein is crucial for ordered active zone precursor transport in Drosophila Point mutations that block SRPK79D kinase-mediated phosphorylation of the BRP N-terminus interfered with axonal transport, leading to BRP-positive axonal aggregates that also contain additional active zone scaffold proteins. Axonal aggregates formed only in the presence of non-phosphorylatable BRP isoforms containing the SRPK79D-targeted N-terminal stretch. We assume that specific active zone proteins are pre-assembled in transport packages and are thus co-transported as functional scaffold building blocks. Our results suggest that transient post-translational modification of a discrete unstructured domain of the master scaffold component BRP blocks oligomerization of these building blocks during their long-range transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Driller
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Lützkendorf
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Depner
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Siebert
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benno Kuropka
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chengji Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Astrid G Petzoldt
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Cellular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, D-13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Stelzl
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1/I, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - René Zahedi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan J Sigrist
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany .,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus C Wahl
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany .,Macromolecular Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Böhme MA, McCarthy AW, Grasskamp AT, Beuschel CB, Goel P, Jusyte M, Laber D, Huang S, Rey U, Petzoldt AG, Lehmann M, Göttfert F, Haghighi P, Hell SW, Owald D, Dickman D, Sigrist SJ, Walter AM. Rapid active zone remodeling consolidates presynaptic potentiation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1085. [PMID: 30842428 PMCID: PMC6403334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal communication across synapses relies on neurotransmitter release from presynaptic active zones (AZs) followed by postsynaptic transmitter detection. Synaptic plasticity homeostatically maintains functionality during perturbations and enables memory formation. Postsynaptic plasticity targets neurotransmitter receptors, but presynaptic mechanisms regulating the neurotransmitter release apparatus remain largely enigmatic. By studying Drosophila neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) we show that AZs consist of nano-modular release sites and identify a molecular sequence that adds modules within minutes of inducing homeostatic plasticity. This requires cognate transport machinery and specific AZ-scaffolding proteins. Structural remodeling is not required for immediate potentiation of neurotransmitter release, but necessary to sustain potentiation over longer timescales. Finally, mutations in Unc13 disrupting homeostatic plasticity at the NMJ also impair short-term memory when central neurons are targeted, suggesting that both plasticity mechanisms utilize Unc13. Together, while immediate synaptic potentiation capitalizes on available material, it triggers the coincident incorporation of modular release sites to consolidate synaptic potentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias A Böhme
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Biology/Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anthony W McCarthy
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas T Grasskamp
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine B Beuschel
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Biology/Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pragya Goel
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Meida Jusyte
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Desiree Laber
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sheng Huang
- Institute for Biology/Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulises Rey
- Institute for Biology/Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Theory and Bio-systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Astrid G Petzoldt
- Institute for Biology/Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Göttfert
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan W Hell
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Owald
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dion Dickman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Stephan J Sigrist
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute for Biology/Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alexander M Walter
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Presynaptic Biogenesis Requires Axonal Transport of Lysosome-Related Vesicles. Neuron 2018; 99:1216-1232.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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15
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Ishida H, Skorobogatov A, Yamniuk AP, Vogel HJ. Solution structures of the
SH
3 domains from Shank scaffold proteins and their interactions with Cav1.3 calcium channels. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2786-2797. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ishida
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Canada
| | | | | | - Hans J. Vogel
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Canada
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16
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Böhme MA, Grasskamp AT, Walter AM. Regulation of synaptic release-site Ca 2+ channel coupling as a mechanism to control release probability and short-term plasticity. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3516-3531. [PMID: 29993122 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic transmission relies on the rapid fusion of neurotransmitter-containing synaptic vesicles (SVs), which happens in response to action potential (AP)-induced Ca2+ influx at active zones (AZs). A highly conserved molecular machinery cooperates at SV-release sites to mediate SV plasma membrane attachment and maturation, Ca2+ sensing, and membrane fusion. Despite this high degree of conservation, synapses - even within the same organism, organ or neuron - are highly diverse regarding the probability of APs to trigger SV fusion. Additionally, repetitive activation can lead to either strengthening or weakening of transmission. In this review, we discuss mechanisms controlling release probability and this short-term plasticity. We argue that an important layer of control is exerted by evolutionarily conserved AZ scaffolding proteins, which determine the coupling distance between SV fusion sites and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC) and, thereby, shape synapse-specific input/output behaviors. We propose that AZ-scaffold modifications may occur to adapt the coupling distance during synapse maturation and plastic regulation of synapse strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias A Böhme
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alexander M Walter
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Auld AL, Roberts SA, Murphy CB, Camuglia JM, Folker ES. Aplip1, the Drosophila homolog of JIP1, regulates myonuclear positioning and muscle stability. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.205807. [PMID: 29487176 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.205807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During muscle development, myonuclei undergo a complex set of movements that result in evenly spaced nuclei throughout the muscle cell. In Drosophila, two separate pools of Kinesin and Dynein work in synchrony to drive this process. However, how these two pools are specified is not known. Here, we investigate the role of Aplip1 (the Drosophila homolog of JIP1, JIP1 is also known as MAPK8IP1), a known regulator of both Kinesin and Dynein, in myonuclear positioning. Aplip1 localizes to the myotendinous junction and has genetically separable roles in myonuclear positioning and muscle stability. In Aplip1 mutant embryos, there was an increase in the percentage of embryos that had both missing and collapsed muscles. Via a separate mechanism, we demonstrate that Aplip1 regulates both the final position of and the dynamic movements of myonuclei. Aplip1 genetically interacts with both Raps (also known as Pins) and Kinesin to position myonuclei. Furthermore, Dynein and Kinesin localization are disrupted in Aplip1 mutants suggesting that Aplip1-dependent nuclear positioning requires Dynein and Kinesin. Taken together, these data are consistent with Aplip1 having a function in the regulation of Dynein- and Kinesin-mediated pulling of nuclei from the muscle end.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Auld
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Sacha A Roberts
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Ciaran B Murphy
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | | | - Eric S Folker
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
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18
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Ziv NE. Maintaining the active zone: Demand, supply and disposal of core active zone proteins. Neurosci Res 2018; 127:70-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Torres VI, Inestrosa NC. Vertebrate Presynaptic Active Zone Assembly: a Role Accomplished by Diverse Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4513-4528. [PMID: 28685386 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Among all the biological systems in vertebrates, the central nervous system (CNS) is the most complex, and its function depends on specialized contacts among neurons called synapses. The assembly and organization of synapses must be exquisitely regulated for a normal brain function and network activity. There has been a tremendous effort in recent decades to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms participating in the formation of new synapses and their organization, maintenance, and regulation. At the vertebrate presynapses, proteins such as Piccolo, Bassoon, RIM, RIM-BPs, CAST/ELKS, liprin-α, and Munc13 are constant residents and participate in multiple and dynamic interactions with other regulatory proteins, which define network activity and normal brain function. Here, we review the function of these active zone (AZ) proteins and diverse factors involved in AZ assembly and maintenance, with an emphasis on axonal trafficking of precursor vesicles, protein homo- and hetero-oligomeric interactions as a mechanism of AZ trapping and stabilization, and the role of F-actin in presynaptic assembly and its modulation by Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana I Torres
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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20
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Barber KR, Tanquary J, Bush K, Shaw A, Woodson M, Sherman M, Wairkar YP. Active zone proteins are transported via distinct mechanisms regulated by Par-1 kinase. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006621. [PMID: 28222093 PMCID: PMC5340405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of synapses underlies a plethora of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disease. Presynaptic specialization called the active zone plays a critical role in the communication with postsynaptic neuron. While the role of many proteins at the active zones in synaptic communication is relatively well studied, very little is known about how these proteins are transported to the synapses. For example, are there distinct mechanisms for the transport of active zone components or are they all transported in the same transport vesicle? Is active zone protein transport regulated? In this report we show that overexpression of Par-1/MARK kinase, a protein whose misregulation has been implicated in Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and neurodegenerative disorders, lead to a specific block in the transport of an active zone protein component- Bruchpilot at Drosophila neuromuscular junctions. Consistent with a block in axonal transport, we find a decrease in number of active zones and reduced neurotransmission in flies overexpressing Par-1 kinase. Interestingly, we find that Par-1 acts independently of Tau-one of the most well studied substrates of Par-1, revealing a presynaptic function for Par-1 that is independent of Tau. Thus, our study strongly suggests that there are distinct mechanisms that transport components of active zones and that they are tightly regulated. Synapses consist of pre- and postsynaptic partners. Proper function of active zones, a presynaptic component of synapse, is essential for efficacious neuronal communication. Disruption of neuronal communication is an early sign of both neurodevelopmental as well as neurodegenerative diseases. Since proteins that reside in active zones are used so frequently during the neuronal communication, they must be constantly replenished to maintain active zones. Axonal transport of these proteins plays an important role in replenishing these vital components necessary for the health of active zones. However, the mechanisms that transport components of active zones are not well understood. Our data suggest that there are distinct mechanisms that transport various active zone cargoes and this process is likely regulated by kinases. Further, our data show that disruption in the transport of one such active zone components causes reduced neuronal communication emphasizing the importance of the process of axonal transport of active zone protein(s) for neuronal communication. Understanding the processes that govern the axonal transport of active zone components will help dissect the initial stages of pathogenesis in both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara R. Barber
- George and Cynthia Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Julia Tanquary
- Summer Undergraduate Research Program, UTMB, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Keegan Bush
- George and Cynthia Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Amanda Shaw
- George and Cynthia Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Michael Woodson
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology, UTMB, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Michael Sherman
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology, UTMB, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Yogesh P. Wairkar
- George and Cynthia Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Mechanisms controlling assembly and plasticity of presynaptic active zone scaffolds. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2016; 39:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Kittel RJ, Heckmann M. Synaptic Vesicle Proteins and Active Zone Plasticity. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2016; 8:8. [PMID: 27148040 PMCID: PMC4834300 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2016.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter is released from synaptic vesicles at the highly specialized presynaptic active zone (AZ). The complex molecular architecture of AZs mediates the speed, precision and plasticity of synaptic transmission. Importantly, structural and functional properties of AZs vary significantly, even for a given connection. Thus, there appear to be distinct AZ states, which fundamentally influence neuronal communication by controlling the positioning and release of synaptic vesicles. Vice versa, recent evidence has revealed that synaptic vesicle components also modulate organizational states of the AZ. The protein-rich cytomatrix at the active zone (CAZ) provides a structural platform for molecular interactions guiding vesicle exocytosis. Studies in Drosophila have now demonstrated that the vesicle proteins Synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1) and Rab3 also regulate glutamate release by shaping differentiation of the CAZ ultrastructure. We review these unexpected findings and discuss mechanistic interpretations of the reciprocal relationship between synaptic vesicles and AZ states, which has heretofore received little attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Kittel
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Heckmann
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
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