1
|
Amniouel S, Yalamanchili K, Sankararaman S, Jafri MS. Evaluating Ovarian Cancer Chemotherapy Response Using Gene Expression Data and Machine Learning. BIOMEDINFORMATICS 2024; 4:1396-1424. [PMID: 39149564 PMCID: PMC11326537 DOI: 10.3390/biomedinformatics4020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer in the United States. Among the different types of OC, serous ovarian cancer (SOC) stands out as the most prevalent. Transcriptomics techniques generate extensive gene expression data, yet only a few of these genes are relevant to clinical diagnosis. Methods Methods for feature selection (FS) address the challenges of high dimensionality in extensive datasets. This study proposes a computational framework that applies FS techniques to identify genes highly associated with platinum-based chemotherapy response on SOC patients. Using SOC datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, LASSO and varSelRF FS methods were employed. Machine learning classification algorithms such as random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) were also used to evaluate the performance of the models. Results The proposed framework has identified biomarkers panels with 9 and 10 genes that are highly correlated with platinum-paclitaxel and platinum-only response in SOC patients, respectively. The predictive models have been trained using the identified gene signatures and accuracy of above 90% was achieved. Conclusions In this study, we propose that applying multiple feature selection methods not only effectively reduces the number of identified biomarkers, enhancing their biological relevance, but also corroborates the efficacy of drug response prediction models in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Amniouel
- School of System Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Keertana Yalamanchili
- School of System Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Sreenidhi Sankararaman
- School of System Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Mohsin Saleet Jafri
- School of System Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pfisterer M, Robert R, Saul VV, Pritz A, Seibert M, Feederle R, Schmitz ML. The Aurora B-controlled PP1/RepoMan complex determines the spatial and temporal distribution of mitotic H2B S6 phosphorylation. Open Biol 2024; 14:230460. [PMID: 38806145 PMCID: PMC11293436 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The precise spatial and temporal control of histone phosphorylations is important for the ordered progression through the different phases of mitosis. The phosphorylation of H2B at S6 (H2B S6ph), which is crucial for chromosome segregation, reaches its maximum level during metaphase and is limited to the inner centromere. We discovered that the temporal and spatial regulation of this modification, as well as its intensity, are governed by the scaffold protein RepoMan and its associated catalytically active phosphatases, PP1α and PP1γ. Phosphatase activity is inhibited at the area of maximal H2B S6 phosphorylation at the inner centromere by site-specific Aurora B-mediated inactivation of the PP1/RepoMan complex. The motor protein Mklp2 contributes to the relocalization of Aurora B from chromatin to the mitotic spindle during anaphase, thus alleviating Aurora B-dependent repression of the PP1/RepoMan complex and enabling dephosphorylation of H2B S6. Accordingly, dysregulation of Mklp2 levels, as commonly observed in tumour cells, leads to the lack of H2B S6 dephosphorylation during early anaphase, which might contribute to chromosomal instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Robert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vera V. Saul
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Amelie Pritz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Seibert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M. Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The Roles of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in the Formation and Function of a Mitotic Chromosome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158704. [PMID: 35955838 PMCID: PMC9368973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, many cellular structures are organized to segregate the replicated genome to the daughter cells. Chromatin is condensed to shape a mitotic chromosome. A multiprotein complex known as kinetochore is organized on a specific region of each chromosome, the centromere, which is defined by the presence of a histone H3 variant called CENP-A. The cytoskeleton is re-arranged to give rise to the mitotic spindle that binds to kinetochores and leads to the movement of chromosomes. How chromatin regulates different activities during mitosis is not well known. The role of histone post-translational modifications (HPTMs) in mitosis has been recently revealed. Specific HPTMs participate in local compaction during chromosome condensation. On the other hand, HPTMs are involved in CENP-A incorporation in the centromere region, an essential activity to maintain centromere identity. HPTMs also participate in the formation of regulatory protein complexes, such as the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Finally, we discuss how HPTMs can be modified by environmental factors and the possible consequences on chromosome segregation and genome stability.
Collapse
|
4
|
CCAR2 controls mitotic progression through spatiotemporal regulation of Aurora B. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:534. [PMID: 35672287 PMCID: PMC9174277 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CCAR2 (cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 2) is a multifaceted protein involved in cell survival and death following cytotoxic stress. However, little is known about the physiological functions of CCAR2 in regulating cell proliferation in the absence of external stimuli. The present study shows that CCAR2-deficient cells possess multilobulated nuclei, suggesting a defect in cell division. In particular, the duration of mitotic phase was perturbed. This disturbance of mitotic progression resulted from premature loss of cohesion with the centromere, and inactivation of the spindle assembly checkpoint during prometaphase and metaphase. It resulted in the formation of lagging chromosomes during anaphase, leading ultimately to the activation of the abscission checkpoint to halt cytokinesis. The CCAR2-dependent mitotic progression was related to spatiotemporal regulation of active Aurora B. In conclusion, the results suggest that CCAR2 governs mitotic events, including proper chromosome segregation and cytokinetic division, to maintain chromosomal stability.
Collapse
|
5
|
Tian NN, Zheng YB, Li ZP, Zhang FW, Zhang JF. Histone methylatic modification mediates the tumor-suppressive activity of curcumol in hepatocellular carcinoma via an Hotair/EZH2 regulatory axis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114413. [PMID: 34265379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Curcuma kwangsiensis S. G. Lee & C. F. Liang (Guangxi ezhu, in Chinese) has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for approximately 2000 years. Curcumol is one of the major bioactive components of this herb, which has been demonstrated possesses anti-cancer properties, and was recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition. However, most studies mainly focused on the superficial anti-cancer activity, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, we aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effect of Curcumol on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and elucidate its underlying mechanism from the perspective of epigenetic modification. MATERIALS AND METHODS The potential anti-cancer properties of Curcumol were evaluated in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. Its effects on cell growth, cell cycle, apoptosis and migration were examined in these HCC cells. Moreover, the lncRNA HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (Hotair) and histone methylatic modification were detected by qPCR and Western blotting assays. RESULTS In the present study, Curcumol was illustrated to suppress cell growth in HCC cells via inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. And it was also found that Curcumol inhibited the invasion and metastasis of HCC as well. As for the mechanism investigation, it was showed that lncRNA Hotair was significantly downregulated by Curcumol in HCC cells. As is well known, Hotair recruited histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) to exert transcriptional regulation. Our results showed that EZH2 were downregulated by Curcumol in HCC cells, and thus disrupted the trimethylation of H3K9 and H3K27 which were specifically catalyzed by EZH2. CONCLUSIONS In conclude, our results demonstrated that Curcumol suppressed tumor growth and metastasis via an Hotair/EZH2/histone modification regulatory axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China
| | - Yan-Biao Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Huizhou, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China
| | - Feng-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China
| | - Jin-Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Das BK, Kannan A, Nguyen Q, Gogoi J, Zhao H, Gao L. Selective Inhibition of Aurora Kinase A by AK-01/LY3295668 Attenuates MCC Tumor Growth by Inducing MCC Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153708. [PMID: 34359608 PMCID: PMC8345130 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an often-lethal skin cancer with increasing incidence and limited treatment options. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become the standard of care in advanced MCC, 50% of all MCC patients are ineligible for ICIs, and amongst those treated, many patients develop resistance. There is no therapeutic alternative for these patients, highlighting the urgent clinical need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Using patient-derived genetic insights and data generated in our lab, we identified aurora kinase as a promising therapeutic target for MCC. In this study, we examined the efficacy of the recently developed and highly selective AURKA inhibitor, AK-01 (LY3295668), in six patient-derived MCC cell lines and two MCC cell-line-derived xenograft mouse models. We found that AK-01 potently suppresses MCC survival through apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, particularly in MCPyV-negative MCC cells without RB expression. Despite the challenge posed by its short in vivo durability upon discontinuation, the swift and substantial tumor suppression with low toxicity makes AK-01 a strong potential candidate for MCC management, particularly in combination with existing regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaba K. Das
- Southern California Institute for Research and Education, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA; (B.K.D.); (J.G.); (H.Z.)
- Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA;
| | - Aarthi Kannan
- Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA;
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Quy Nguyen
- Genomics High Throughput Sequencing Facility, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Jyoti Gogoi
- Southern California Institute for Research and Education, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA; (B.K.D.); (J.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Southern California Institute for Research and Education, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA; (B.K.D.); (J.G.); (H.Z.)
- Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA;
| | - Ling Gao
- Southern California Institute for Research and Education, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA; (B.K.D.); (J.G.); (H.Z.)
- Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA;
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Synthetic lethality of RB1 and aurora A is driven by stathmin-mediated disruption of microtubule dynamics. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5105. [PMID: 33037191 PMCID: PMC7547687 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18872-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RB1 mutational inactivation is a cancer driver in various types of cancer including lung cancer, making it an important target for therapeutic exploitation. We performed chemical and genetic vulnerability screens in RB1-isogenic lung cancer pair and herein report that aurora kinase A (AURKA) inhibition is synthetic lethal in RB1-deficient lung cancer. Mechanistically, RB1−/− cells show unbalanced microtubule dynamics through E2F-mediated upregulation of the microtubule destabilizer stathmin and are hypersensitive to agents targeting microtubule stability. Inhibition of AURKA activity activates stathmin function via reduced phosphorylation and facilitates microtubule destabilization in RB1−/− cells, heavily impacting the bipolar spindle formation and inducing mitotic cell death selectively in RB1−/− cells. This study shows that stathmin-mediated disruption of microtubule dynamics is critical to induce synthetic lethality in RB1-deficient cancer and suggests that upstream factors regulating microtubule dynamics, such as AURKA, can be potential therapeutic targets in RB1-deficient cancer. Retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1) is frequently mutated in lung cancers. Here the authors perform chemical and genetic vulnerability screens and identify aurora A kinase (AURKA) as a synthetic lethal candidate for RB1-deficient lung cancer cells and that AURKA inhibition sensitizes these cells to mitotic cell death.
Collapse
|
8
|
Epigenetic Alterations in Oesophageal Cancer: Expression and Role of the Involved Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103522. [PMID: 32429269 PMCID: PMC7278932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer is a life-threatening disease, accounting for high mortality rates. The poor prognosis of this malignancy is mostly due to late diagnosis and lack of effective therapies for advanced disease. Epigenetic alterations may constitute novel and attractive therapeutic targets, owing to their ubiquity in cancer and their reversible nature. Herein, we offer an overview of the most important studies which compared differences in expression of enzymes that mediate epigenetic alterations between oesophageal cancer and normal mucosa, as well as in vitro data addressing the role of these genes/proteins in oesophageal cancer. Furthermore, The Cancer Genome Atlas database was interrogated for the correlation between expression of these epigenetic markers and standard clinicopathological features. We concluded that most epigenetic players studied thus far are overexpressed in tumours compared to normal tissue. Furthermore, functional assays suggest an oncogenic role for most of those enzymes, supporting their potential as therapeutic targets in oesophageal cancer.
Collapse
|
9
|
Schmitz ML, Higgins JMG, Seibert M. Priming chromatin for segregation: functional roles of mitotic histone modifications. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:625-641. [PMID: 31992120 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1719585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins are important for various cellular processes including regulation of gene expression and chromatin structure, DNA damage response and chromosome segregation. Here we comprehensively review mitotic histone PTMs, in particular phosphorylations, and discuss their interplay and functions in the control of dynamic protein-protein interactions as well as their contribution to centromere and chromosome structure and function during cell division. Histone phosphorylations can create binding sites for mitotic regulators such as the chromosomal passenger complex, which is required for correction of erroneous spindle attachments and chromosome bi-orientation. Other histone PTMs can alter the structural properties of nucleosomes and the accessibility of chromatin. Epigenetic marks such as lysine methylations are maintained during mitosis and may also be important for mitotic transcription as well as bookmarking of transcriptional states to ensure the transmission of gene expression programs through cell division. Additionally, histone phosphorylation can dissociate readers of methylated histones without losing epigenetic information. Through all of these processes, mitotic histone PTMs play a functional role in priming the chromatin for faithful chromosome segregation and preventing genetic instability, one of the characteristic hallmarks of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathan M G Higgins
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Markus Seibert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shen S, Feng H, Le Y, Ni J, Yu L, Wu J, Bai M. RACK1 affects the progress of G2/M by regulating Aurora-A. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2228-2238. [PMID: 31357906 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1642065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aurora-A is a serine/threonine kinase, which is overexpressed in multiple human cancers and plays a key role in tumorigenesis and tumor development. In this study, we found that the receptor of activated C-kinase1 (RACK1), an important regulator of biological functions, interacted with Aurora-A and co-localized with Aurora-A at centrosomes. Moreover, RACK1 induces the auto-phosphorylation of Aurora-A in vitro and in vivo. Depletion of RACK1 impaired the activation of Aurora-A in late G2 phase, then inhibited the mitotic entry and leaded to multi-polarity, severe chromosome alignment defects, or centrosome amplification. Taken together, these results suggest that RACK1 is a new partner of Aurora-A and play a critical role in the regulation of the Aurora-A activity during mitosis, which may provide a basis for future anticancer studies targeting Aurora-A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Huan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Yichen Le
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department Oncology, Hutchison Medi Pharma , Shanghai , China
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Jiaxue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Meirong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , P. R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Magnaghi-Jaulin L, Eot-Houllier G, Gallaud E, Giet R. Aurora A Protein Kinase: To the Centrosome and Beyond. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9010028. [PMID: 30650622 PMCID: PMC6359016 DOI: 10.3390/biom9010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation requires the perfect spatiotemporal rearrangement of the cellular cytoskeleton. Isolated more than two decades ago from Drosophila, Aurora A is a widespread protein kinase that plays key roles during cell division. Numerous studies have described the localisation of Aurora A at centrosomes, the mitotic spindle, and, more recently, at mitotic centromeres. In this review, we will summarise the cytoskeletal rearrangements regulated by Aurora A during cell division. We will also discuss the recent discoveries showing that Aurora A also controls not only the dynamics of the cortical proteins but also regulates the centromeric proteins, revealing new roles for this kinase during cell division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Magnaghi-Jaulin
- University of Rennes, CNRS UMR 6290, IGDR-Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Grégory Eot-Houllier
- University of Rennes, CNRS UMR 6290, IGDR-Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Emmanuel Gallaud
- University of Rennes, CNRS UMR 6290, IGDR-Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Régis Giet
- University of Rennes, CNRS UMR 6290, IGDR-Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sasanakietkul T, Murtha TD, Javid M, Korah R, Carling T. Epigenetic modifications in poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 469:23-37. [PMID: 28552796 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Well-differentiated thyroid cancer accounts for the majority of endocrine malignancies and, in general, has an excellent prognosis. In contrast, the less common poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) are two of the most aggressive human malignancies. Recently, there has been an increased focus on the epigenetic alterations underlying thyroid carcinogenesis, including those that drive PDTC and ATC. Dysregulated epigenetic candidates identified include the Aurora group, KMT2D, PTEN, RASSF1A, multiple non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), and the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex. A deeper understanding of the signaling pathways affected by epigenetic dysregulation may improve prognostic testing and support the advancement of thyroid-specific epigenetic therapies. This review outlines the current understanding of epigenetic alterations observed in PDTC and ATC and explores the potential for exploiting this understanding in developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanyawat Sasanakietkul
- Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Timothy D Murtha
- Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mahsa Javid
- Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Reju Korah
- Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tobias Carling
- Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sensitization of prostate cancer to radiation therapy: Molecules and pathways to target. Radiother Oncol 2018; 128:283-300. [PMID: 29929859 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is used to treat cancer by radiation-induced DNA damage. Despite the best efforts to eliminate cancer, some cancer cells survive irradiation, resulting in cancer progression or recurrence. Alteration in DNA damage repair pathways is common in cancers, resulting in modulation of their response to radiation. This article focuses on the recent findings about molecules and pathways that potentially can be targeted to sensitize prostate cancer cells to ionizing radiation, thereby achieving an improved therapeutic outcome.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Q, Wang C, Li N, Liu X, Ren W, Wang Q, Cao X. Condensin Smc4 promotes inflammatory innate immune response by epigenetically enhancing NEMO transcription. J Autoimmun 2018; 92:67-76. [PMID: 29803706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Structural maintenance of chromosome (Smc) protein complex (condensin) plays a central role in organizing and compacting chromosomes, which determines DNA-binding activity and gene expression; however, the role of condensin Smc in innate immunity and inflammation remains largely unknown. Through a high-throughput screening of the epigenetic modifiers, we identified Smc4, a core subunit of condensin, to potentially promote inflammatory innate immune response. Knockdown or deficiency of Smc4 inhibited TLR- or virus-triggered production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-β in macrophages. Mice with Smc4 knockdown were less susceptible to sepsis. Mechanistically, Smc4 enhanced NEMO transcription by recruiting H4K5ac to and increasing H4K5 acetylation of nemo promoter, leading to innate signals-triggered more potent activation of NF-κB and IRF3 pathways. Therefore, Smc4 promotes inflammatory innate immune responses by enhancing NEMO transcription, and our data add insight to epigenetic regulation of innate immunity and inflammation, and outline potential target for controlling inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinlan Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Immunology & Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Nan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xingguang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenhui Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Immunology & Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China; National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Eot-Houllier G, Magnaghi-Jaulin L, Fulcrand G, Moyroud FX, Monier S, Jaulin C. Aurora A-dependent CENP-A phosphorylation at inner centromeres protects bioriented chromosomes against cohesion fatigue. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1888. [PMID: 29760389 PMCID: PMC5951908 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained spindle tension applied to sister centromeres during mitosis eventually leads to uncoordinated loss of sister chromatid cohesion, a phenomenon known as “cohesion fatigue.” We report that Aurora A-dependent phosphorylation of serine 7 of the centromere histone variant CENP-A (p-CENP-AS7) protects bioriented chromosomes against cohesion fatigue. Expression of a non-phosphorylatable version of CENP-A (CENP-AS7A) weakens sister chromatid cohesion only when sister centromeres are under tension, providing the first evidence of a regulated mechanism involved in protection against passive cohesion loss. Consistent with this observation, p-CENP-AS7 is detected at the inner centromere where it forms a discrete domain. The depletion or inhibition of Aurora A phenocopies the expression of CENP-AS7A and we show that Aurora A is recruited to centromeres in a Bub1-dependent manner. We propose that Aurora A-dependent phosphorylation of CENP-A at the inner centromere protects chromosomes against tension-induced cohesion fatigue until the last kinetochore is attached to spindle microtubules. Sustained spindle tension applied to sister centromeres during mitosis leads to loss of sister chromatid cohesion which is known as cohesion fatigue. Here the authors show that Aurora A-dependent phosphorylation of CENP-A at the inner centromeres protects bioriented chromosomes against cohesion fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Eot-Houllier
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Epigenetics and Cancer group, Université Rennes 1, UMR 6290 CNRS, 35043, Rennes cedex, France.
| | - Laura Magnaghi-Jaulin
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Epigenetics and Cancer group, Université Rennes 1, UMR 6290 CNRS, 35043, Rennes cedex, France
| | - Géraldine Fulcrand
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Epigenetics and Cancer group, Université Rennes 1, UMR 6290 CNRS, 35043, Rennes cedex, France
| | - François-Xavier Moyroud
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Epigenetics and Cancer group, Université Rennes 1, UMR 6290 CNRS, 35043, Rennes cedex, France
| | - Solange Monier
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Epigenetics and Cancer group, Université Rennes 1, UMR 6290 CNRS, 35043, Rennes cedex, France
| | - Christian Jaulin
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Epigenetics and Cancer group, Université Rennes 1, UMR 6290 CNRS, 35043, Rennes cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang HZ, Yang SH, Li GY, Cao X. Subunits of human condensins are potential therapeutic targets for cancers. Cell Div 2018; 13:2. [PMID: 29467813 PMCID: PMC5819170 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-018-0035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main role of condensins is to regulate chromosome condensation and segregation during cell cycles. Recently, it has been suggested in the literatures that subunits of condensin I and condensin II are involved in some human cancers. This paper will first briefly discuss discoveries of human condensins, their components and structures, and their multiple cellular functions. This will be followed by reviews of most recent studies on subunits of human condensins and their dysregulations or mutations in human cancers. It can be concluded that many of these subunits have potentials to be novel targets for cancer therapies. However, hCAP-D2, a subunit of human condensin I, has not been directly documented to be associated with any human cancers to date. This review hypothesizes that hCAP-D2 can also be a potential therapeutic target for human cancers, and therefore that all subunits of human condensins are potential therapeutic targets for human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhen Wang
- 1School of Life Sciences, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000 P. R. China.,2Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 P. R. China.,3Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Si-Han Yang
- 1School of Life Sciences, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000 P. R. China
| | - Gui-Ying Li
- 2Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 P. R. China
| | - Xudong Cao
- 3Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vo TTL, Park JH, Seo JH, Lee EJ, Choi H, Bae SJ, Le H, An S, Lee HS, Wee HJ, Kim KW. ARD1-mediated aurora kinase A acetylation promotes cell proliferation and migration. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57216-57230. [PMID: 28915666 PMCID: PMC5593637 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinase A (AuA) is a prerequisite for centrosome maturation, separation, and mitotic spindle assembly, thus, it is essential for cell cycle regulation. Overexpression of AuA is implicated in poor prognosis of many types of cancer. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the functions of AuA are still not fully understood. Here, we report that AuA colocalizes with arrest defective protein 1 (ARD1) acetyltransferase during cell division and cell migration. Additionally, AuA is acetylated by ARD1 at lysine residues at positions 75 and 125. The double mutations at K75/K125 abolished the kinase activity of AuA. Moreover, the double mutant AuA exhibited diminished ability to promote cell proliferation and cell migration. Mechanistic studies revealed that AuA acetylation at K75/K125 promoted cell proliferation via activation of cyclin E/CDK2 and cyclin B1. In addition, AuA acetylation stimulated cell migration by activating the p38/AKT/MMP-2 pathway. Our findings indicate that ARD1-mediated acetylation of AuA enhances cell proliferation and migration, and probably contributes to cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tam Thuy Lu Vo
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and The Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Park
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and The Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and The Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hoon Choi
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and The Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Bae
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and The Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hoang Le
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and The Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sunho An
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and The Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hye Shin Lee
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and The Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Wee
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and The Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and The Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kumar R, Deivendran S, Santhoshkumar TR, Pillai MR. Signaling coupled epigenomic regulation of gene expression. Oncogene 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
19
|
Zane L, Chapus F, Pegoraro G, Misteli T. HiHiMap: single-cell quantitation of histones and histone posttranslational modifications across the cell cycle by high-throughput imaging. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2290-2302. [PMID: 28615324 PMCID: PMC5555657 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-12-0870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput Histone Mapping (HiHiMap) is an automated high-throughput imaging technique to determine histone and histone PTMs across the cell cycle at the single-cell level in a highly parallel format. The method is widely applicable to the systematic study of histone modifications in physiological and pathological settings. We describe High-throughput Histone Mapping (HiHiMap), a high-throughput imaging method to measure histones and histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in single cells. HiHiMap uses imaging-based quantification of DNA and cyclin A to stage individual cells in the cell cycle to determine the levels of histones or histone PTMs in each stage of the cell cycle. As proof of principle, we apply HiHiMap to measure the level of 21 core histones, histone variants, and PTMs in primary, immortalized, and transformed cells. We identify several histone modifications associated with oncogenic transformation. HiHiMap allows the rapid, high-throughput study of histones and histone PTMs across the cell cycle and the study of subpopulations of cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Zane
- Cell Biology of Genomes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Fleur Chapus
- Cell Biology of Genomes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Gianluca Pegoraro
- NCI High-Throughput Imaging Facility, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tom Misteli
- Cell Biology of Genomes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang T, Si-Hoe SL, Hudson DF, Surana U. Condensin recruitment to chromatin is inhibited by Chk2 kinase in response to DNA damage. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:3454-3470. [PMID: 27792460 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1249075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage checkpoint, when activated in response to genotoxic damage during S phase, arrests cells in G2 phase of the cell cycle. ATM, ATR, Chk1 and Chk2 kinases are the main effectors of this checkpoint pathway. The checkpoint kinases prevent the onset of mitosis by eliciting well characterized inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk1. Since Cdk1 is required for the recruitment of condensin, it is thought that upon DNA damage the checkpoint also indirectly blocks chromosome condensation via Cdk1 inhibition. Here we report that the G2 damage checkpoint prevents stable recruitment of the chromosome-packaging-machinery components condensin complex I and II onto the chromatin even in the presence of an active Cdk1. DNA damage-induced inhibition of condensin subunit recruitment is mediated specifically by the Chk2 kinase, implying that the condensin complexes are targeted by the checkpoint in response to DNA damage, independently of Cdk1 inactivation. Thus, the G2 checkpoint directly prevents stable recruitment of condensin complexes to actively prevent chromosome compaction during G2 arrest, presumably to ensure efficient repair of the genomic damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research , Singapore.,b Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne , Australia.,c Department of Pediatrics , University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - San Ling Si-Hoe
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research , Singapore
| | - Damien F Hudson
- b Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne , Australia.,c Department of Pediatrics , University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Uttam Surana
- a Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research , Singapore.,d Department of Pharmacology , National University of Singapore , Singapore.,e Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research , Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wike CL, Graves HK, Wason A, Hawkins R, Gopalakrishnan J, Schumacher J, Tyler JK. Excess free histone H3 localizes to centrosomes for proteasome-mediated degradation during mitosis in metazoans. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2216-2225. [PMID: 27248858 PMCID: PMC4993543 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1192728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell tightly controls histone protein levels in order to achieve proper packaging of the genome into chromatin, while avoiding the deleterious consequences of excess free histones. Our accompanying study has shown that a histone modification that loosens the intrinsic structure of the nucleosome, phosphorylation of histone H3 on threonine 118 (H3 T118ph), exists on centromeres and chromosome arms during mitosis. Here, we show that H3 T118ph localizes to centrosomes in humans, flies, and worms during all stages of mitosis. H3 abundance at the centrosome increased upon proteasome inhibition, suggesting that excess free histone H3 localizes to centrosomes for degradation during mitosis. In agreement, we find ubiquitinated H3 specifically during mitosis and within purified centrosomes. These results suggest that targeting of histone H3 to the centrosome for proteasome-mediated degradation is a novel pathway for controlling histone supply, specifically during mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candice L. Wike
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hillary K. Graves
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arpit Wason
- Institute for Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reva Hawkins
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Institute for Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jill Schumacher
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica K. Tyler
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Graves HK, Wang P, Lagarde M, Chen Z, Tyler JK. Mutations that prevent or mimic persistent post-translational modifications of the histone H3 globular domain cause lethality and growth defects in Drosophila. Epigenetics Chromatin 2016; 9:9. [PMID: 26933451 PMCID: PMC4772521 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-016-0059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Understanding the function of histone post-translational modifications is the key to deciphering how genomic activities are regulated. Among the least well-understood histone modifications in vivo are those that occur on the surface of the globular domain of histones, despite their causing the most profound structural alterations of the nucleosome in vitro. We utilized a Drosophila system to replace the canonical histone genes with mutated histone transgenes. Results Mutations predicted to mimic or prevent acetylation on histone H3 lysine (K) 56, K115, K122, and both K115/K122, or to prevent or mimic phosphorylation on H3 threonine (T) 118 and T80, all caused lethality, with the exception of K122R mutants. T118 mutations caused profound growth defects within wing discs, while K115R, K115Q, K56Q, and the K115/K122 mutations caused more subtle growth defects. The H3 K56R and H3 K122R mutations caused no defects in growth, differentiation, or transcription within imaginal discs, indicating that H3 K56 acetylation and K122 acetylation are dispensable for these functions. In agreement, we found the antibody to H3 K122Ac, which was previously used to imply a role for H3 K122Ac in transcription in metazoans, to be non-specific in vivo. Conclusions Our data suggest that chromatin structural perturbations caused by acetylation of K56, K115, or K122 and phosphorylation of T80 or T118 are important for key developmental processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13072-016-0059-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hillary K Graves
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Pingping Wang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Matthew Lagarde
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Jessica K Tyler
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065 USA
| |
Collapse
|