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Bonavita R, Prodomo A, Cortone G, Vitale F, Germoglio M, Fleming A, Balk JA, De Lange J, Renna M, Pisani FM. Evidence of an unprecedented cytoplasmic function of DDX11, the Warsaw breakage syndrome DNA helicase, in regulating autophagy. Autophagy 2025. [PMID: 40413757 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2025.2507617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2025] [Accepted: 05/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025] Open
Abstract
DDX11 is a DNA helicase involved in critical cellular functions, including DNA replication/repair/recombination as well as sister chromatid cohesion establishment. Bi-allelic mutations of DDX11 lead to Warsaw breakage syndrome (WABS), a rare genome instability disorder marked by significant prenatal and postnatal growth restriction, microcephaly, intellectual disability, and sensorineural hearing loss. The molecular mechanisms underlying WABS remain largely unclear. In this study, we uncover a novel role of DDX11 in regulating the macroautophagic/autophagic pathway. Specifically, we demonstrate that knockout of DDX11 in RPE-1 cells hinders the progression of autophagy. DDX11 depletion significantly reduces the conversion of MAP1LC3/LC3 (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3), suggesting a defect in autophagosome biogenesis. This is supported by imaging analysis with a LC3 reporter fused in tandem with the red and green fluorescent proteins (mRFP-GFP-LC3), which reveals fewer autophagosomes and autolysosomes in DDX11-knockout cells. Moreover, the defect in autophagosome biogenesis, observed in DDX11-depleted cells, is linked to an upstream impairment of the ATG16L1-precursor trafficking and maturation, a step critical to achieve the LC3 lipidation. Consistent with this, DDX11-lacking cells exhibit a diminished capacity to clear aggregates of a mutant HTT (huntingtin) N-terminal fragment fused to the green fluorescent protein (HTTQ74-GFP), an autophagy substrate. Finally, we demonstrate the occurrence of a functional interplay between DDX11 and SQSTM1, an autophagy cargo receptor protein, in supporting LC3 modification during autophagosome biogenesis. Our findings highlight a novel unprecedented function of DDX11 in the autophagy process with important implications for our understanding of WABS etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Bonavita
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biologia Cellulare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Via Pietro Castellino, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello Prodomo
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biologia Cellulare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Via Pietro Castellino, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cortone
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biologia Cellulare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Via Pietro Castellino, Naples, Italy
| | - Fulvia Vitale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Germoglio
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biologia Cellulare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Via Pietro Castellino, Naples, Italy
| | - Angeleen Fleming
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jesper A Balk
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Job De Lange
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Renna
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesca M Pisani
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biologia Cellulare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Via Pietro Castellino, Naples, Italy
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Singh F, Ito G, Suomi F. Editorial: The contribution of autophagy to neuronal metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2025; 13:1604307. [PMID: 40352666 PMCID: PMC12062025 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1604307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2025] [Accepted: 04/15/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francois Singh
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Genta Ito
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumi Suomi
- University of Helsinki, Stem Cells and Metabolism Program, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
- HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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3
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Bradic I, Rewitz K. Steroid Signaling in Autophagy. J Mol Biol 2025:169134. [PMID: 40210154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2025.169134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2025] [Revised: 03/19/2025] [Accepted: 04/04/2025] [Indexed: 04/12/2025]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular process essential for homeostasis and development that plays a central role in the degradation and recycling of cellular components. Recent studies reveal bidirectional interactions between autophagy and steroid-hormone signaling. Steroids are signaling molecules synthesized from cholesterol that regulate key physiological and developmental processes - including autophagic activity. Conversely, other work demonstrates that autophagy regulates steroid production by controlling the availability of precursor sterol substrate. Insights from Drosophila and mammalian models provide compelling evidence for the conservation of these mechanisms across species. In this review we explore how steroid hormones modulate autophagy in diverse tissues and contexts, such as metabolism and disease, and discuss advances in our understanding of autophagy's regulatory role in steroid hormone production. We examine the implications of these interactions for health and disease and offer perspectives on the potential for harnessing this functionality for addressing cholesterol-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bradic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Kim Rewitz
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
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Osterli E, Park Y, Hu K, Kasof G, Wiederhold T, Liu C, Hu B. The role of autophagy in ischemic brain injury. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2025; 4:2486445. [PMID: 40395988 PMCID: PMC11980474 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2025.2486445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2025] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025]
Abstract
Ischemic brain injury occurs in many clinical settings, including stroke, cardiac arrest, hypovolemic shock, cardiac surgery, cerebral edema, and cerebral vasospasm. Decades of work have revealed many important mechanisms related to ischemic brain injury. However, there remain significant gaps in the scientific knowledge to reconcile many ischemic brain injury events. Brain ischemia leads to protein misfolding and aggregation, and damages almost all types of subcellular organelles including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, etc. Irreparably damaged organelles and insoluble protein aggregates are normally removed by autophagy. The build-up of common autophagic components, such as LC3, p62, and ubiquitinated proteins, are generally observed in brain tissue samples in animal models of both global and focal brain ischemia, but the interpretation of the role of these autophagy-related changes in ischemic brain injury in the literature has been controversial. Many pathological events or mechanisms underlying dysfunctional autophagy after brain ischemia remain unknown. This review aims to provide an update of the current knowledge and future research directions regarding the critical role of dysfunctional autophagy in ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Osterli
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yujung Park
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kurt Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Gary Kasof
- Departments of Product Design and Strategy and Antibody Protein Technology, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA
| | - Thorsten Wiederhold
- Departments of Product Design and Strategy and Antibody Protein Technology, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA
| | - Chunli Liu
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bingren Hu
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
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James M, Klain GK, Brito SO, Trejo L, Okello TMA, Segarra VA. Autophagy-deficient budding yeast cells are sensitive to freeze-thaw stress. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2025; 2025:10.17912/micropub.biology.000929. [PMID: 40226511 PMCID: PMC11986705 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2025] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/15/2025]
Abstract
Autophagy enables eukaryotes to recycle damaged and unneeded materials to ensure survival in times of stress such as starvation. However, the full range of cellular stress responses that activate and require autophagy remains unknown. This study has compared the survival of wild type, atg1Δ, and atg5Δ budding yeast cells following freeze-thaw stress. The results indicate that cells deficient in autophagy exhibit enhanced sensitivity to freeze-thaw stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria James
- Department of Biological Sciences, Goucher College, Towson, Maryland, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Goucher College, Towson, Maryland, United States
| | - Grace K. Klain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Goucher College, Towson, Maryland, United States
- Department of Sociology, Goucher College, Towson, Maryland, United States
| | - Stacey O. Brito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Goucher College, Towson, Maryland, United States
| | - Lupita Trejo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Goucher College, Towson, Maryland, United States
| | - Teresa M. A. Okello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Goucher College, Towson, Maryland, United States
| | - Verónica A. Segarra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Goucher College, Towson, Maryland, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Goucher College, Towson, Maryland, United States
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Guo J, Bullock G, O’Brien DP, Johnson GS, Katz ML. An RB1CC1 Missense Variant in Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers with Degenerative Encephalopathy. Genes (Basel) 2025; 16:269. [PMID: 40149422 PMCID: PMC11941761 DOI: 10.3390/genes16030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2025] [Revised: 02/18/2025] [Accepted: 02/19/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES A slowly progressive hereditary neurological disorder classified as degenerative encephalopathy (DE) occurs in Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers. The disease is characterized by frequent episodes of pronounced involuntary movements during sleep, cognitive impairment, anxiety, heightened sensitivity to sensory stimuli, and compulsive behaviors. The clinical signs are accompanied by the degeneration of several brain regions. A study was undertaken to identify the molecular genetic basis of this disorder. METHODS Whole genome sequences (WGSs) from the DNA of affected and unaffected Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers were aligned to the Dog10K_Boxer_Tasha reference genome assembly and to the WGSs of 334 additional control dogs generated by this laboratory. RESULTS A missense C>T variant was identified in RB1CC1 exon 22 chromosome 29:4891014 that was uniquely homozygous in the affected dog. This variant predicts a p.G1503R change in the amino acid sequence of RB1CC1. Genotyping of 2950 Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers at the variant locus found complete concordance between the disease phenotype and RB1CC1 genotype. CONCLUSIONS RBCC1 is an essential component of a protein complex that mediates the initiation of autophagosome formation. Therefore, it appears likely that the disease results, at least in part, from impaired autophagy. Consistent with this possibility, brain neurons of an affected dog were found to contain abnormal lysosomal storage body-like inclusions. This disorder could serve as a valuable model to elucidate the mechanisms underlying human diseases associated with impaired autophagy. Identification of the disease-causing DNA sequence variant will enable owners of Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers to screen their dogs for the RB1CC1 risk variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyuan Guo
- Canine Genetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (J.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Garrett Bullock
- Canine Genetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (J.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Dennis P. O’Brien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (D.P.O.)
| | - Gary S. Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (D.P.O.)
| | - Martin L. Katz
- Canine Genetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (J.G.); (G.B.)
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Lazzeri G, Lenzi P, Signorini G, Raffaelli S, Giammattei E, Natale G, Ruffoli R, Fornai F, Ferrucci M. Retinoic Acid Promotes Neuronal Differentiation While Increasing Proteins and Organelles Related to Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:1691. [PMID: 40004155 PMCID: PMC11855701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26041691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2025] [Accepted: 02/15/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is commonly used to differentiate SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. This effect is sustained by a specific modulation of gene transcription, leading to marked changes in cellular proteins. In this scenario, autophagy may be pivotal in balancing protein synthesis and degradation. The present study analyzes whether some autophagy-related proteins and organelles are modified during RA-induced differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. RA-induced effects were compared to those induced by starvation. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with a single dose of 10 µM RA or grown in starvation, for 3 days or 7 days. After treatments, cells were analyzed at light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to assess cell morphology and immunostaining for specific markers (nestin, βIII-tubulin, NeuN) and some autophagy-related proteins (Beclin 1, LC3). We found that both RA and starvation differentiate SH-SY5Y cells. Specifically, cell differentiation was concomitant with an increase in autophagy proteins and autophagy-related organelles. However, the effects of a single dose of 10 μM RA persist for at least 7 days, while prolonged starvation produces cell degeneration and cell loss. Remarkably, the effects of RA are modulated in the presence of autophagy inhibitors or stimulators. The present data indicate that RA-induced differentiation is concomitant with an increased autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Lazzeri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (S.R.); (E.G.); (G.N.); (R.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Paola Lenzi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (S.R.); (E.G.); (G.N.); (R.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Giulia Signorini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (S.R.); (E.G.); (G.N.); (R.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Sara Raffaelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (S.R.); (E.G.); (G.N.); (R.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Elisa Giammattei
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (S.R.); (E.G.); (G.N.); (R.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Gianfranco Natale
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (S.R.); (E.G.); (G.N.); (R.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Riccardo Ruffoli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (S.R.); (E.G.); (G.N.); (R.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (S.R.); (E.G.); (G.N.); (R.R.); (F.F.)
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Michela Ferrucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (P.L.); (G.S.); (S.R.); (E.G.); (G.N.); (R.R.); (F.F.)
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Tutas J, Tolve M, Özer-Yildiz E, Ickert L, Klein I, Silverman Q, Liebsch F, Dethloff F, Giavalisco P, Endepols H, Georgomanolis T, Neumaier B, Drzezga A, Schwarz G, Thorens B, Gatto G, Frezza C, Kononenko NL. Autophagy regulator ATG5 preserves cerebellar function by safeguarding its glycolytic activity. Nat Metab 2025; 7:297-320. [PMID: 39815080 PMCID: PMC11860254 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
Dysfunctions in autophagy, a cellular mechanism for breaking down components within lysosomes, often lead to neurodegeneration. The specific mechanisms underlying neuronal vulnerability due to autophagy dysfunction remain elusive. Here we show that autophagy contributes to cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) survival by safeguarding their glycolytic activity. Outside the conventional housekeeping role, autophagy is also involved in the ATG5-mediated regulation of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) levels during cerebellar maturation. Autophagy-deficient PCs exhibit GLUT2 accumulation on the plasma membrane, along with increased glucose uptake and alterations in glycolysis. We identify lysophosphatidic acid and serine as glycolytic intermediates that trigger PC death and demonstrate that the deletion of GLUT2 in ATG5-deficient mice mitigates PC neurodegeneration and rescues their ataxic gait. Taken together, this work reveals a mechanism for regulating GLUT2 levels in neurons and provides insights into the neuroprotective role of autophagy by controlling glucose homeostasis in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Tutas
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marianna Tolve
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ebru Özer-Yildiz
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lotte Ickert
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ines Klein
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Quinn Silverman
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Filip Liebsch
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Heike Endepols
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Molecular Organization of the Brain (INM-2), Jülich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn-Cologne, Germany
| | - Guenter Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Graziana Gatto
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Frezza
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Natalia L Kononenko
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Institute for Genetics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Ommati MM, Jin Y, Zamiri MJ, Retana-Marquez S, Nategh Ahmadi H, Sabouri S, Song SZ, Heidari R, Wang HW. Sex-Specific Mechanisms of Fluoride-Induced Gonadal Injury: A Multi-Omics Investigation into Reproductive Toxicity and Gut Microbiota Disruption. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2025; 73:2527-2550. [PMID: 39818830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c10190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2025]
Abstract
Fluoride, a common agricultural additive used to enhance plant resilience and pest control, poses toxicity risks when exposure surpasses safe thresholds, affecting ecosystems and human health. While its reproductive toxicity is recognized, the sex-specific and cross-generational effects remain underexplored. To address this gap, we employed an integrative approach combining transcriptomics (next-generation sequencing (NGS)), bioinformatic network analysis, gut microbiota sequencing, and in vivo functional assays. ICR mice (F0 generation), both male and female, were exposed to fluoride (100 mg/L in drinking water) for 35 days, continuing through gestation and offspring weaning. Our transcriptomic analysis revealed significant upregulation of autophagy (via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway) and oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in gonadal tissue, with more pronounced effects observed in males. Further integrated analyses of transcriptomic and metabolomic data, supported by in vivo experiments, highlighted oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway activation with stronger effects in males. The principal component analysis confirmed sex-specific transcriptome alterations, with males showing more substantial disruption. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing identified significant gut dysbiosis, particularly in males, with an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and higher abundances of Oscillospirales and Anaerovoracaceae. Moreover, our study identified significant correlations between specific gut microbiota (e.g., Firmicutes, Proteobacteria) and autophagy, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction pathways, with notable sex-dependent differences. These findings suggest that gut microbiota may play a critical role in modulating fluoride-induced reproductive toxicity, particularly through their effects on oxidative stress and cellular homeostasis. The breakdown of the gut barrier and elevated serum/gonadal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in fluoride-treated mice further established a link between gut dysbiosis and fluoride-induced reproductive toxicity. These findings underscore the importance of considering sex differences in xenobiotic-induced reproductive and developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471000, China
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Ye Jin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471000, China
| | - Mohammad Javad Zamiri
- Department of Animal Science, Shiraz Agricultural University, Shiraz 71946-84471, Iran
| | - Socorro Retana-Marquez
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
| | - Hassan Nategh Ahmadi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71946-84471, Iran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Samira Sabouri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Shu Zhe Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471000, China
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471000, China
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10
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Van Acker ZP, Leroy T, Annaert W. Mitochondrial dysfunction, cause or consequence in neurodegenerative diseases? Bioessays 2025; 47:e2400023. [PMID: 39367555 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases encompass a spectrum of conditions characterized by the gradual deterioration of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system. While their origins are multifaceted, emerging data underscore the pivotal role of impaired mitochondrial functions and endolysosomal homeostasis to the onset and progression of pathology. This article explores whether mitochondrial dysfunctions act as causal factors or are intricately linked to the decline in endolysosomal function. As research delves deeper into the genetics of neurodegenerative diseases, an increasing number of risk loci and genes associated with the regulation of endolysosomal and autophagy functions are being identified, arguing for a downstream impact on mitochondrial health. Our hypothesis centers on the notion that disturbances in endolysosomal processes may propagate to other organelles, including mitochondria, through disrupted inter-organellar communication. We discuss these views in the context of major neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and their relevance to potential therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë P Van Acker
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Leroy
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Dafsari HS, Martinelli D, Saffari A, Ebrahimi‐Fakhari D, Fanto M, Dionisi‐Vici C, Jungbluth H. An update on autophagy disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 2025; 48:e12798. [PMID: 39420677 PMCID: PMC11669743 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a highly conserved cellular pathway for the degradation and recycling of defective cargo including proteins, organelles, and macromolecular complexes. As autophagy is particularly relevant for cellular homeostasis in post-mitotic tissues, congenital disorders of autophagy, due to monogenic defects in key autophagy genes, share a common "clinical signature" including neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuromuscular features, as well as variable abnormalities of the eyes, skin, heart, bones, immune cells, and other organ systems, depending on the expression pattern and the specific function of the defective proteins. Since the clinical and genetic resolution of EPG5-related Vici syndrome, the paradigmatic congenital disorder of autophagy, the widespread use of massively parallel sequencing has resulted in the identification of a growing number of autophagy-associated disease genes, encoding members of the core autophagy machinery as well as related proteins. Recently identified monogenic disorders linking selective autophagy, vesicular trafficking, and other pathways have further expanded the molecular and phenotypical spectrum of congenital disorders of autophagy as a clinical disease spectrum. Moreover, significant advances in basic research have enhanced the understanding of the underlying pathophysiology as a basis for therapy development. Here, we review (i) autophagy in the context of other intracellular trafficking pathways; (ii) the main congenital disorders of autophagy and their typical clinico-pathological signatures; and (iii) the recommended primary health surveillance in monogenic disorders of autophagy based on available evidence. We further discuss recently identified molecular mechanisms that inform the current understanding of autophagy in health and disease, as well as perspectives on future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hormos Salimi Dafsari
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biology of Ageing; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD)CologneGermany
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolic DiseasesBambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Afshin Saffari
- Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic DiseasesHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Darius Ebrahimi‐Fakhari
- Department of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology CenterBoston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Manolis Fanto
- Department of Basic & Clinical NeurosciencesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Carlo Dionisi‐Vici
- Division of Metabolic DiseasesBambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina London Children's HospitalGuy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signaling SectionFaculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College LondonLondonUK
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12
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Rappe A, Vihinen HA, Suomi F, Hassinen AJ, Ehsan H, Jokitalo ES, McWilliams TG. Longitudinal autophagy profiling of the mammalian brain reveals sustained mitophagy throughout healthy aging. EMBO J 2024; 43:6199-6231. [PMID: 39367235 PMCID: PMC11612485 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy neutralizes mitochondrial damage, thereby preventing cellular dysfunction and apoptosis. Defects in mitophagy have been strongly implicated in age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. While mitophagy decreases throughout the lifespan of short-lived model organisms, it remains unknown whether such a decline occurs in the aging mammalian brain-a question of fundamental importance for understanding cell type- and region-specific susceptibility to neurodegeneration. Here, we define the longitudinal dynamics of basal mitophagy and macroautophagy across neuronal and non-neuronal cell types within the intact aging mouse brain in vivo. Quantitative profiling of reporter mouse cohorts from young to geriatric ages reveals cell- and tissue-specific alterations in mitophagy and macroautophagy between distinct subregions and cell populations, including dopaminergic neurons, cerebellar Purkinje cells, astrocytes, microglia and interneurons. We also find that healthy aging is hallmarked by the dynamic accumulation of differentially acidified lysosomes in several neural cell subsets. Our findings argue against any widespread age-related decline in mitophagic activity, instead demonstrating dynamic fluctuations in mitophagy across the aging trajectory, with strong implications for ongoing theragnostic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rappe
- Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Helena A Vihinen
- Electron Microscopy Unit (EMBI), Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Fumi Suomi
- Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Antti J Hassinen
- High Content Imaging and Analysis Unit (FIMM-HCA), Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Homa Ehsan
- Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Eija S Jokitalo
- Electron Microscopy Unit (EMBI), Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Thomas G McWilliams
- Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland.
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland.
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13
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Nixon RA, Rubinsztein DC. Mechanisms of autophagy-lysosome dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:926-946. [PMID: 39107446 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome-based degradative process used to recycle obsolete cellular constituents and eliminate damaged organelles and aggregate-prone proteins. Their postmitotic nature and extremely polarized morphologies make neurons particularly vulnerable to disruptions caused by autophagy-lysosomal defects, especially as the brain ages. Consequently, mutations in genes regulating autophagy and lysosomal functions cause a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the role of autophagy and lysosomes in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease and frontotemporal dementia. We also consider the strong impact of cellular ageing on lysosomes and autophagy as a tipping point for the late-age emergence of related neurodegenerative disorders. Many of these diseases have primary defects in autophagy, for example affecting autophagosome formation, and in lysosomal functions, especially pH regulation and calcium homeostasis. We have aimed to provide an integrative framework for understanding the central importance of autophagic-lysosomal function in neuronal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
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14
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Restrepo LJ, Baehrecke EH. Regulation and Functions of Autophagy During Animal Development. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168473. [PMID: 38311234 PMCID: PMC11260256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is used to degrade cytoplasmic materials, and is critical to maintain cell and organismal health in diverse animals. Here we discuss the regulation, utilization and impact of autophagy on development, including roles in oogenesis, spermatogenesis and embryogenesis in animals. We also describe how autophagy influences postembryonic development in the context of neuronal and cardiac development, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. We describe recent studies of selective autophagy during development, including mitochondria-selective autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-selective autophagy. Studies of developing model systems have also been used to discover novel regulators of autophagy, and we explain how studies of autophagy in these physiologically relevant systems are advancing our understanding of this important catabolic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Restrepo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA.
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15
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Abu El-Hamd M, Abdel-Hamid S, Hamdy AT, Abdelhamed A. Increased serum ATG5 as a marker of autophagy in psoriasis vulgaris patients: a cross-sectional study. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:491. [PMID: 39066827 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis (PsO) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disease. It is a complex condition that is affected by environmental and hereditary variables. Numerous pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and even fungi, have been linked to PsO. One of the mechanisms that clears infections is autophagy. The mechanism by which a cell feeds itself is called autophagy by reusing cytoplasmic components in the lysosome. The autophagy-related (ATG) proteins are essential components of the system that control the strictly regulated process of autophagy. Among these 41 proteins, ATG5 is one that is required in order for autophagic vesicles to develop. This research aimed to compare ATG5 levels in serum among those suffering from psoriasis vulgaris and healthy controls. This cross-sectional research was carried out on 45 individuals with vulgaris psoriasis and 45 healthy, sex and age-matched control subjects. All participants underwent a clinical examination, a laboratory investigation, and a history taking, including lipid profiles and serum ATG5. The mean age of the control and PsO were 40.6 ± 9.6, and 43.7 ± 9.3 years respectively. The mean total PASI score was 13.9 ± 8.9, with a median of 11.7 (8.8). According to the PASI score, about 38% (n = 17) had mild disease (PASI < 10), and about 62% (n = 28) had moderate/severe disease (PASI ≥ 10). There was a significantly higher median (IQR) (25th-75th) ATG5 level in PsO 206 (97) (145-242) ng/ml than in the control 147 (98) (111-209) ng/ml (p = 0.002). An insignificant higher median level (IQR) was observed in PsO with mild disease 207(95) compared with those with moderate/severe disease 183(98.5) (p = 0.057). Dissimilarly, the median (IQR) ATG5 level was significantly lower in PsO individuals with metabolic syndrome 170(72) compared with those without 207(104) (p = 0.044). Four predictors were identified following sex and age adjustments, in the final linear regression model: PASI score, triglyceride, High-Density Lipoprotein, and presence of metabolic syndrome. There can be a connection between autophagy as measured by ATG5 and psoriasis vulgaris. ATG5 was elevated in the serum of individuals with psoriasis vulgaris. However, it decreased in patients with metabolic syndrome. No relation was found between serum ATG5 and PASI score. Psoriasis vulgaris patients may benefit from using an autophagy enhancer as a potential treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abu El-Hamd
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Soheir Abdel-Hamid
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
| | - Aya-Tollah Hamdy
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Amr Abdelhamed
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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16
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Chen R, Wang Z, Lin Q, Hou X, Jiang Y, Le Q, Liu X, Ma L, Wang F. Destabilization of fear memory by Rac1-driven engram-microglia communication in hippocampus. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:621-636. [PMID: 38670239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rac1 is a key regulator of the cytoskeleton and neuronal plasticity, and is known to play a critical role in psychological and cognitive brain disorders. To elucidate the engram specific Rac1 signaling in fear memory, a doxycycline (Dox)-dependent robust activity marking (RAM) system was used to label dorsal dentate gyrus (DG) engram cells in mice during contextual fear conditioning. Rac1 mRNA and protein levels in DG engram cells were peaked at 24 h (day 1) after fear conditioning and were more abundant in the fear engram cells than in the non-engram cells. Optogenetic activation of Rac1 in a temporal manner in DG engram cells before memory retrieval decreased the freezing level in the fear context. Optogenetic activation of Rac1 increased autophagy protein 7 (ATG7) expression in the DG engram cells and activated DG microglia. Microglia-specific transcriptomics and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that overexpression of ATG7 in the fear engram cells upregulated the mRNA of Toll-like receptor TLR2/4 in DG microglia. Knockdown of microglial TLR2/4 rescued fear memory destabilization induced by ATG7 overexpression or Rac1 activation in DG engram cells. These results indicate that Rac1-driven communications between engram cells and microglia contributes to contextual fear memory destabilization, and is mediated by ATG7 and TLR2/4, and suggest a novel mechanistic framework for the cytoskeletal regulator in fear memory interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Chen
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Pharmacology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Research Unit of Addition Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhilin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Pharmacology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Research Unit of Addition Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Lin
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Pharmacology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Research Unit of Addition Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xutian Hou
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Pharmacology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Research Unit of Addition Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Pharmacology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Research Unit of Addition Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiumin Le
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Pharmacology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Research Unit of Addition Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Pharmacology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Research Unit of Addition Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lan Ma
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Pharmacology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Research Unit of Addition Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Pharmacology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Research Unit of Addition Memory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU009), Shanghai 200032, China.
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17
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Lewis SA, Forstrom J, Tavani J, Schafer R, Tiede Z, Padilla-Lopez SR, Kruer MC. eIF2α phosphorylation evokes dystonia-like movements with D2-receptor and cholinergic origin and abnormal neuronal connectivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.14.594240. [PMID: 38798458 PMCID: PMC11118466 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.594240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Dystonia is the 3rd most common movement disorder. Dystonia is acquired through either injury or genetic mutations, with poorly understood molecular and cellular mechanisms. Eukaryotic initiation factor alpha (eIF2α) controls cell state including neuronal plasticity via protein translation control and expression of ATF4. Dysregulated eIF2α phosphorylation (eIF2α-P) occurs in dystonia patients and models including DYT1, but the consequences are unknown. We increased/decreased eIF2α-P and tested motor control and neuronal properties in a Drosophila model. Bidirectionally altering eIF2α-P produced dystonia-like abnormal posturing and dyskinetic movements in flies. These movements were also observed with expression of the DYT1 risk allele. We identified cholinergic and D2-receptor neuroanatomical origins of these dyskinetic movements caused by genetic manipulations to dystonia molecular candidates eIF2α-P, ATF4, or DYT1, with evidence for decreased cholinergic release. In vivo, increased and decreased eIF2α-P increase synaptic connectivity at the NMJ with increased terminal size and bouton synaptic release sites. Long-term treatment of elevated eIF2α-P with ISRIB restored adult longevity, but not performance in a motor assay. Disrupted eIF2α-P signaling may alter neuronal connectivity, change synaptic release, and drive motor circuit changes in dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Lewis
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jacob Forstrom
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer Tavani
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Robert Schafer
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Zach Tiede
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sergio R Padilla-Lopez
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Programs in Neuroscience, Molecular & Cellular Biology, and Biomedical Informatics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
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18
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She J, Lu F, Chi Y, Cao L, Zuo Y, Yang N, Zhang X, Dai X. Ginseng Extract Attenuates the Injury from Ultraviolet Irradiation for Female Drosophila melanogaster through the Autophagy Signaling Pathway. J Med Food 2024; 27:348-358. [PMID: 38387003 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginseng is an ancient medicinal and edible plant with many health benefits, and can serve as a drug and dietary supplement, but there are few relevant studies on its use to ease ultraviolet (UV) irradiation damage. After 0.8 mg/mL ginseng extract (GE) was added to the medium of female Drosophila melanogaster subjected to UV irradiation, the lifespan, climbing ability, sex ratio, developmental cycle, and antioxidant capacity of flies were examined to evaluate the GE function. In addition, the underlying mechanism by which GE enhances the irradiation tolerance of D. melanogaster was explored. With GE supplementation, female flies subjected to UV irradiation exhibited an extension in their lifespan, enhancement in their climbing ability, improvement in their offspring sex ratio, and restoration of the normal development cycle by increasing their antioxidant activity. Finally, further experiments indicated that GE could enhance the irradiation tolerance of female D. melanogaster by upregulating the gene expressions of SOD, GCL, and components of the autophagy signaling pathway. Finally, the performance of r4-Gal4;UAS-AMPKRNAi flies confirmed the regulatory role of the autophagy signaling pathway in mitigating UV irradiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaYi She
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - FangYuan Lu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - YiQing Chi
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - LingYao Cao
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Zuo
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Yang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Zhejiang Shengshi Bio-technology Co., Ltd, Anji, China
| | - XianJun Dai
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Nagayach A, Wang C. Autophagy in neural stem cells and glia for brain health and diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:729-736. [PMID: 37843206 PMCID: PMC10664120 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a multifaceted cellular process that not only maintains the homeostatic and adaptive responses of the brain but is also dynamically involved in the regulation of neural cell generation, maturation, and survival. Autophagy facilities the utilization of energy and the microenvironment for developing neural stem cells. Autophagy arbitrates structural and functional remodeling during the cell differentiation process. Autophagy also plays an indispensable role in the maintenance of stemness and homeostasis in neural stem cells during essential brain physiology and also in the instigation and progression of diseases. Only recently, studies have begun to shed light on autophagy regulation in glia (microglia, astrocyte, and oligodendrocyte) in the brain. Glial cells have attained relatively less consideration despite their unquestioned influence on various aspects of neural development, synaptic function, brain metabolism, cellular debris clearing, and restoration of damaged or injured tissues. Thus, this review composes pertinent information regarding the involvement of autophagy in neural stem cells and glial regulation and the role of this connexion in normal brain functions, neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review will provide insight into establishing a concrete strategic approach for investigating pathological mechanisms and developing therapies for brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Nagayach
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chenran Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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20
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Szypulski K, Tyszka A, Pyza E, Damulewicz M. Autophagy as a new player in the regulation of clock neurons physiology of Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6085. [PMID: 38480808 PMCID: PMC10937918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Axonal terminals of the small ventral lateral neurons (sLNvs), the circadian clock neurons of Drosophila, show daily changes in their arborization complexity, with many branches in the morning and their shrinkage during the night. This complex phenomenon is precisely regulated by several mechanisms. In the present study we describe that one of them is autophagy, a self-degradative process, also involved in changes of cell membrane size and shape. Our results showed that autophagosome formation and processing in PDF-expressing neurons (both sLNv and lLNv) are rhythmic and they have different patterns in the cell bodies and terminals. These rhythmic changes in the autophagy activity seem to be important for neuronal plasticity. We found that autophagosome cargos are different during the day and night, and more proteins involved in membrane remodeling are present in autophagosomes in the morning. In addition, we described for the first time that Atg8-positive vesicles are also present outside the sLNv terminals, which suggests that secretory autophagy might be involved in regulating the clock signaling network. Our data indicate that rhythmic autophagy in clock neurons affect the pacemaker function, through remodeling of terminal membrane and secretion of specific proteins from sLNvs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornel Szypulski
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Tyszka
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Milena Damulewicz
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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21
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Chen S, Liu F, Yang A, Shang K. For better or worse: crosstalk of parvovirus and host DNA damage response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1324531. [PMID: 38464523 PMCID: PMC10920228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1324531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses are a group of non-enveloped DNA viruses that have a broad spectrum of natural infections, making them important in public health. NS1 is the largest and most complex non-structural protein in the parvovirus genome, which is indispensable in the life cycle of parvovirus and is closely related to viral replication, induction of host cell apoptosis, cycle arrest, DNA damage response (DDR), and other processes. Parvovirus activates and utilizes the DDR pathway to promote viral replication through NS1, thereby increasing pathogenicity to the host cells. Here, we review the latest progress of parvovirus in regulating host cell DDR during the parvovirus lifecycle and discuss the potential of cellular consequences of regulating the DDR pathway, targeting to provide the theoretical basis for further elucidation of the pathogenesis of parvovirus and development of new antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbiao Chen
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Aofei Yang
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ke Shang
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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22
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Nicolson S, Manning JA, Lim Y, Jiang X, Kolze E, Dayan S, Umargamwala R, Xu T, Sandow JJ, Webb AI, Kumar S, Denton D. The Drosophila ZNRF1/2 homologue, detour, interacts with HOPS complex and regulates autophagy. Commun Biol 2024; 7:183. [PMID: 38360932 PMCID: PMC10869362 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, the process of elimination of cellular components by lysosomal degradation, is essential for animal development and homeostasis. Using the autophagy-dependent Drosophila larval midgut degradation model we identified an autophagy regulator, the RING domain ubiquitin ligase CG14435 (detour). Depletion of detour resulted in increased early-stage autophagic vesicles, premature tissue contraction, and overexpression of detour or mammalian homologues, ZNRF1 and ZNRF2, increased autophagic vesicle size. The ablation of ZNRF1 or ZNRF2 in mammalian cells increased basal autophagy. We identified detour interacting proteins including HOPS subunits, deep orange (dor/VPS18), Vacuolar protein sorting 16A (VPS16A), and light (lt/VPS41) and found that detour promotes their ubiquitination. The detour mutant accumulated autophagy-related proteins in young adults, displayed premature ageing, impaired motor function, and activation of innate immunity. Collectively, our findings suggest a role for detour in autophagy, likely through regulation of HOPS complex, with implications for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Nicolson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Jantina A Manning
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Yoon Lim
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Xin Jiang
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Erica Kolze
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Sonia Dayan
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Ruchi Umargamwala
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Tianqi Xu
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Jarrod J Sandow
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew I Webb
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Donna Denton
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
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23
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Li B, Duan Y, Du Z, Wang X, Liu S, Feng Z, Tian L, Song F, Yang H, Cai W, Lin Z, Li H. Natural selection and genetic diversity maintenance in a parasitic wasp during continuous biological control application. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1379. [PMID: 38355730 PMCID: PMC10866907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aphidius gifuensis is a parasitoid wasp and primary endoparasitoid enemy of the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae. Artificially reared, captive wasps of this species have been extensively and effectively used to control populations of aphids and limit crop loss. However, the consequences of large-scale releasing of captive A. gifuensis, such as genetic erosion and reduced fitness in wild populations of this species, remains unclear. Here, we sequence the genomes of 542 A. gifuensis individuals collected across China, including 265 wild and 277 human-intervened samples. Population genetic analyses on wild individuals recovered Yunnan populations as the ancestral group with the most complex genetic structure. We also find genetic signature of environmental adaptation during the dispersal of wild populations from Yunnan to other regions. While comparative genomic analyses of captive wasps revealed a decrease in genetic diversity during long-term rearing, population genomic analyses revealed signatures of natural selection by several biotic (host plants) or abiotic (climate) factors, which support maintenance of the gene pool of wild populations in spite of the introduction of captive wasps. Therefore, the impact of large-scale release is reduced. Our study suggests that A. gifuensis is a good system for exploring the genetic and evolutionary effects of mass rearing and release on species commonly used as biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuange Duan
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenyong Du
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shanlin Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zengbei Feng
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fan Song
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | | | - Wanzhi Cai
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhonglong Lin
- Yunnan Tobacco Company of China National Tobacco Corporation, Kunming, 650011, China.
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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24
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Liénard C, Pintart A, Bomont P. Neuronal Autophagy: Regulations and Implications in Health and Disease. Cells 2024; 13:103. [PMID: 38201307 PMCID: PMC10778363 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major degradative pathway that plays a key role in sustaining cell homeostasis, integrity, and physiological functions. Macroautophagy, which ensures the clearance of cytoplasmic components engulfed in a double-membrane autophagosome that fuses with lysosomes, is orchestrated by a complex cascade of events. Autophagy has a particularly strong impact on the nervous system, and mutations in core components cause numerous neurological diseases. We first review the regulation of autophagy, from autophagosome biogenesis to lysosomal degradation and associated neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative disorders. We then describe how this process is specifically regulated in the axon and in the somatodendritic compartment and how it is altered in diseases. In particular, we present the neuronal specificities of autophagy, with the spatial control of autophagosome biogenesis, the close relationship of maturation with axonal transport, and the regulation by synaptic activity. Finally, we discuss the physiological functions of autophagy in the nervous system, during development and in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Liénard
- NeuroMyoGene Institute—PGNM, CNRS UMR 5261—INSERM U1315, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (C.L.); (A.P.)
- CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Pintart
- NeuroMyoGene Institute—PGNM, CNRS UMR 5261—INSERM U1315, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (C.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Pascale Bomont
- NeuroMyoGene Institute—PGNM, CNRS UMR 5261—INSERM U1315, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (C.L.); (A.P.)
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25
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Almousa H, Lewis SA, Bakhtiari S, Nordlie SH, Pagnozzi A, Magee H, Efthymiou S, Heim JA, Cornejo P, Zaki MS, Anwar N, Maqbool S, Rahman F, Neilson DE, Vemuri A, Jin SC, Yang XR, Heidari A, van Gassen K, Trimouille A, Thauvin-Robinet C, Liu J, Bruel AL, Tomoum H, Shata MO, Hashem MO, Toosi MB, Karimiani EG, Yeşil G, Lingappa L, Baruah D, Ebrahimzadeh F, Van-Gils J, Faivre L, Zamani M, Galehdari H, Sadeghian S, Shariati G, Mohammad R, van der Smagt J, Qari A, Vincent JB, Innes AM, Dursun A, Özgül RK, Akar HT, Bilguvar K, Mignot C, Keren B, Raveli C, Burglen L, Afenjar A, Kaat LD, van Slegtenhorst M, Alkuraya F, Houlden H, Padilla-Lopez S, Maroofian R, Sacher M, Kruer MC. TRAPPC6B biallelic variants cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with TRAPP II and trafficking disruptions. Brain 2024; 147:311-324. [PMID: 37713627 PMCID: PMC10766242 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly conserved transport protein particle (TRAPP) complexes regulate subcellular trafficking pathways. Accurate protein trafficking has been increasingly recognized to be critically important for normal development, particularly in the nervous system. Variants in most TRAPP complex subunits have been found to lead to neurodevelopmental disorders with diverse but overlapping phenotypes. We expand on limited prior reports on TRAPPC6B with detailed clinical and neuroradiologic assessments, and studies on mechanisms of disease, and new types of variants. We describe 29 additional patients from 18 independent families with biallelic variants in TRAPPC6B. We identified seven homozygous nonsense (n = 12 patients) and eight canonical splice-site variants (n = 17 patients). In addition, we identified one patient with compound heterozygous splice-site/missense variants with a milder phenotype and one patient with homozygous missense variants. Patients displayed non-progressive microcephaly, global developmental delay/intellectual disability, epilepsy and absent expressive language. Movement disorders including stereotypies, spasticity and dystonia were also observed. Brain imaging revealed reductions in cortex, cerebellum and corpus callosum size with frequent white matter hyperintensity. Volumetric measurements indicated globally diminished volume rather than specific regional losses. We identified a reduced rate of trafficking into the Golgi apparatus and Golgi fragmentation in patient-derived fibroblasts that was rescued by wild-type TRAPPC6B. Molecular studies revealed a weakened interaction between mutant TRAPPC6B (c.454C>T, p.Q152*) and its TRAPP binding partner TRAPPC3. Patient-derived fibroblasts from the TRAPPC6B (c.454C>T, p.Q152*) variant displayed reduced levels of TRAPPC6B as well as other TRAPP II complex-specific members (TRAPPC9 and TRAPPC10). Interestingly, the levels of the TRAPPC6B homologue TRAPPC6A were found to be elevated. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that TRAPPC6A co-precipitates equally with TRAPP II and TRAPP III, while TRAPPC6B co-precipitates significantly more with TRAPP II, suggesting enrichment of the protein in the TRAPP II complex. This implies that variants in TRAPPC6B may preferentially affect TRAPP II functions compared to TRAPP III functions. Finally, we assessed phenotypes in a Drosophila TRAPPC6B-deficiency model. Neuronal TRAPPC6B knockdown impaired locomotion and led to wing posture defects, supporting a role for TRAPPC6B in neuromotor function. Our findings confirm the association of damaging biallelic TRAPPC6B variants with microcephaly, intellectual disability, language impairments, and epilepsy. A subset of patients also exhibited dystonia and/or spasticity with impaired ambulation. These features overlap with disorders arising from pathogenic variants in other TRAPP subunits, particularly components of the TRAPP II complex. These findings suggest that TRAPPC6B is essential for brain development and function, and TRAPP II complex activity may be particularly relevant for mediating this function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Almousa
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B1R6, Canada
| | - Sara A Lewis
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Somayeh Bakhtiari
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Sandra Hinz Nordlie
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Alex Pagnozzi
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Helen Magee
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jennifer A Heim
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Patricia Cornejo
- Pediatric Neuroradiology Division, Pediatric Radiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
- Genetics Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo 4460015, Egypt
| | - Najwa Anwar
- Department of Developmental-Behavioural Paediatrics, The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Maqbool
- Department of Developmental-Behavioural Paediatrics, The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Rahman
- Department of Developmental-Behavioural Paediatrics, The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Derek E Neilson
- Genetics and Metabolism, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Anusha Vemuri
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Genetics, Washington University, St.Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiao-Ru Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, S.W. Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Abolfazl Heidari
- Reference Laboratory, Qazvin Medical University, Qazvin 34148-33245, Iran
| | - Koen van Gassen
- Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, Section of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aurélien Trimouille
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux—Hôpital Pellegrin, Place Amélie Raba Léon, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Development Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities, FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- Unité Fontctionnelle d’Innovation diagnostiques des maladies rares, FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- GAD ‘Génétique des Anomalies du Développement’, INSERM-Université de Bourgogne UMR1231, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - James Liu
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- Unité Fontctionnelle d’Innovation diagnostiques des maladies rares, FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- GAD ‘Génétique des Anomalies du Développement’, INSERM-Université de Bourgogne UMR1231, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Hoda Tomoum
- Department of Pediatrics, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11516, Egypt
| | | | - Mais O Hashem
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehran Beiraghi Toosi
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St.George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Gözde Yeşil
- Istanbul Medical Faculty Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34452, Turkey
| | - Lokesh Lingappa
- Pediatric Neurology, Rainbow Children Hospital, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Debangana Baruah
- Pediatric Neurology, Rainbow Children Hospital, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran
| | - Julien Van-Gils
- Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, Section of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Development Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities, FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mina Zamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 6135783151, Iran
- Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory, Ahvaz 6155889467, Iran
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 6135783151, Iran
| | - Saeid Sadeghian
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135733118, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Shariati
- Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory, Ahvaz 6155889467, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135733118, Iran
| | - Rahema Mohammad
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jasper van der Smagt
- Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, Section of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alya Qari
- Medical Genomics Department, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - John B Vincent
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development (MiND) Lab, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, S.W. Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ali Dursun
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine & Institute of Child Health, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - R Köksal Özgül
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine & Institute of Child Health, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Halil Tuna Akar
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine & Institute of Child Health, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
- Department of Neurosurgery and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Département de Génétique, APHP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Trousseau & Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
- Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Département de Génétique, APHP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Trousseau & Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Claudia Raveli
- APHP Sorbonne Université, Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Département de Génétique, Centre de référence des malformations et maladies congénitales du cervelet, APHP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- Département de Génétique, Centre de référence des malformations et maladies congénitales du cervelet, APHP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Laura Donker Kaat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fowzan Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Sergio Padilla-Lopez
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Michael Sacher
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B1R6, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0C7, Canada
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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26
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Peng X, Chen P, Zhang Y, Wu K, Ji N, Gao J, Wang H, Zhang Y, Xu T, Hua R. MPP2 interacts with SK2 to rescue the excitability of glutamatergic neurons in the BLA and facilitate the extinction of conditioned fear in mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14362. [PMID: 37469037 PMCID: PMC10805397 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays an integral role in anxiety disorders (such as post traumatic stress disorder) stem from dysregulated fear memory. The excitability of glutamatergic neurons in the BLA correlates with fear memory, and the afterhyperpolarization current (IAHP ) mediated by small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel subtype 2 (SK2) dominates the excitability of glutamatergicneurons. This study aimed to explore the effect of MPP2 interacts with SK2 in the excitability of glutamatergic neurons in the BLA and the extinction of conditioned fear in mice. METHODS Fear memory was analyzed via freezing percentage. Western blotting and fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to determine the expression of protein and mRNA respectively. Electrophysiology was employed to measure the excitability of glutamatergic neurons and IAHP . RESULTS Fear conditioning decreased the levels of synaptic SK2 channels in the BLA, which were restored following fear extinction. Notably, reduced expression of synaptic SK2 channels in the BLA during fear conditioning was caused by the increased activity of protein kinase A (PKA), while increased levels of synaptic SK2 channels in the BLA during fear extinction were mediated by interactions with membrane-palmitoylated protein 2 (MPP2). CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that MPP2 interacts with the SK2 channels and rescues the excitability of glutamatergic neurons by increasing the expression of synaptic SK2 channels in the BLA to promote the normalization of anxiety disorders and provide a new direction for the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Peng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of AnesthesiologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Panpan Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of AnesthesiologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Anesthesiology DepartmentJiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Yang Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of AnesthesiologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Ke Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of AnesthesiologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Ningning Ji
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of AnesthesiologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Jinghua Gao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of AnesthesiologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of AnesthesiologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Yong‐mei Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic DrugsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of AnesthesiologyXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Tie Xu
- Emergency Medicine DepartmentThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Rong Hua
- Emergency Medicine DepartmentThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
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27
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Chen FM, Li H, Chung DLS, Mak ATL, Leung FP, Chan HYE, Wong WT. IL-4/STAT6 axis observed to reverse proliferative defect in SCA3 patient-derived neural progenitor cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2024; 51:30-39. [PMID: 37933553 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia 3 (SCA3) is an incurable, neurodegenerative genetic disorder that leads to progressive cerebellar ataxia and other parkinsonian-like pathologies because of loss of cerebellar neurons. The role of an expanded polyglutamine aggregate on neural progenitor cells is unknown. Here, we show that SCA3 patient-specific induced neural progenitor cells (iNPCs) exhibit proliferative defects. Moreover, SCA3 iNPCs have reduced autophagic expression compared to control. Furthermore, although SCA3 iNPCs continue to proliferate, they do not survive subsequent passages compared to control iNPCs, indicating the likelihood that SCA3 iNPCs undergo rapid senescence. Exposure to interleukin-4 (IL-4), a type 2 cytokine produced by immune cells, resulted in an observed increase in expression of autophagic programs and a reduction in the proliferation defect observed in SCA3 iNPCs. Our results indicate a previously unobserved role of SCA3 disease ontology on the neural stem cell pool and a potential therapeutic strategy using IL-4 to ameliorate or delay disease pathology in the SCA3 neural progenitor cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huixian Li
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dittman Lai-Shun Chung
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Angel T L Mak
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fung Ping Leung
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Yin Edwin Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Nexus of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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28
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Mollereau B, Hayflick SJ, Escalante R, Mauthe M, Papandreou A, Iuso A, Celle M, Aniorte S, Issa AR, Lasserre JP, Lesca G, Thobois S, Burger P, Walter L. A burning question from the first international BPAN symposium: is restoration of autophagy a promising therapeutic strategy for BPAN? Autophagy 2023; 19:3234-3239. [PMID: 37565733 PMCID: PMC10621268 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2247314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) is a rare neurodegenerative disease associated with severe cognitive and motor deficits. BPAN pathophysiology and phenotypic spectrum are still emerging due to the fact that mutations in the WDR45 (WD repeat domain 45) gene, a regulator of macroautophagy/autophagy, were only identified a decade ago. In the first international symposium dedicated to BPAN, which was held in Lyon, France, a panel of international speakers, including several researchers from the autophagy community, presented their work on human patients, cellular and animal models, carrying WDR45 mutations and their homologs. Autophagy researchers found an opportunity to explore the defective function of autophagy mechanisms associated with WDR45 mutations, which underlie neuronal dysfunction and early death. Importantly, BPAN is one of the few human monogenic neurological diseases targeting a regulator of autophagy, which raises the possibility that it is a relevant model to directly assess the roles of autophagy in neurodegeneration and to develop autophagy restorative therapeutic strategies for more common disorders.Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; BPAN: beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; KO: knockout; NBIA: neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WDR45: WD repeat domain 45; WIPI: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Mollereau
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, ENS of Lyon, University of Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
| | - Susan J Hayflick
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Pediatrics, and Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ricardo Escalante
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols. CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Mauthe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Molecular Cell Biology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Apostolos Papandreou
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Arcangela Iuso
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marion Celle
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, ENS of Lyon, University of Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
| | - Sahra Aniorte
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, ENS of Lyon, University of Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
| | - Abdul Raouf Issa
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, ENS of Lyon, University of Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
| | - Jean Paul Lasserre
- Laboratory of NRGEN, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institut Neuromyogene, Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261-INSERM U1315, Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- Service de Neurologie C, Movement disorders unit, Hopital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, CNRS, Bron, France
- Faculté de Médecine et de Maieutique Charles Mérieux, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Burger
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Ludivine Walter
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, ENS of Lyon, University of Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
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29
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Cobb T, Hwang I, Soukar M, Namkoong S, Cho US, Safdar M, Kim M, Wessells RJ, Lee JH. Iditarod, a Drosophila homolog of the Irisin precursor FNDC5, is critical for exercise performance and cardiac autophagy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220556120. [PMID: 37722048 PMCID: PMC10523451 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220556120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian FNDC5 encodes a protein precursor of Irisin, which is important for exercise-dependent regulation of whole-body metabolism. In a genetic screen in Drosophila, we identified Iditarod (Idit), which shows substantial protein homology to mouse and human FNDC5, as a regulator of autophagy acting downstream of Atg1/Atg13. Physiologically, Idit-deficient flies showed reduced exercise performance and defective cold resistance, which were rescued by exogenous expression of Idit. Exercise training increased endurance in wild-type flies, but not in Idit-deficient flies. Conversely, Idit is induced upon exercise training, and transgenic expression of Idit in wild-type flies increased endurance to the level of exercise trained flies. Finally, Idit deficiency prevented both exercise-induced increase in cardiac Atg8 and exercise-induced cardiac stress resistance, suggesting that cardiac autophagy may be an additional mechanism by which Idit is involved in the adaptive response to exercise. Our work suggests an ancient role of an Iditarod/Irisin/FNDC5 family of proteins in autophagy, exercise physiology, and cold adaptation, conserved throughout metazoan species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Cobb
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Irene Hwang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Michael Soukar
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Sim Namkoong
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Uhn-Soo Cho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Maryam Safdar
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Myungjin Kim
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Robert J Wessells
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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30
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Qin B, Yu S, Chen Q, Jin LH. Atg2 Regulates Cellular and Humoral Immunity in Drosophila. INSECTS 2023; 14:706. [PMID: 37623416 PMCID: PMC10455222 DOI: 10.3390/insects14080706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process that promotes the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic proteins and is highly conserved in eukaryotic organisms. Autophagy maintains homeostasis in organisms and regulates multiple developmental processes, and autophagy disruption is related to human diseases. However, the functional roles of autophagy in mediating innate immune responses are largely unknown. In this study, we sought to understand how Atg2, an autophagy-related gene, functions in the innate immunity of Drosophila melanogaster. The results showed that a large number of melanotic nodules were produced upon inhibition of Atg2. In addition, inhibiting Atg2 suppressed the phagocytosis of latex beads, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli; the proportion of Nimrod C1 (one of the phagocytosis receptors)-positive hemocytes also decreased. Moreover, inhibiting Atg2 altered actin cytoskeleton patterns, showing longer filopodia but with decreased numbers of filopodia. The expression of AMP-encoding genes was altered by inhibiting Atg2. Drosomycin was upregulated, and the transcript levels of Attacin-A, Diptericin and Metchnikowin were decreased. Finally, the above alterations caused by the inhibition of Atg2 prevented flies from resisting invading pathogens, showing that flies with low expression of Atg2 were highly susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus and Erwinia carotovora carotovora 15 infections. In conclusion, Atg2 regulated both cellular and humoral innate immunity in Drosophila. We have identified Atg2 as a crucial regulator in mediating the homeostasis of immunity, which further established the interactions between autophagy and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li Hua Jin
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (B.Q.); (S.Y.); (Q.C.)
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31
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Demir E, Kacew S. Drosophila as a Robust Model System for Assessing Autophagy: A Review. TOXICS 2023; 11:682. [PMID: 37624187 PMCID: PMC10458868 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is the process through which a body breaks down and recycles its own cellular components, primarily inside lysosomes. It is a cellular response to starvation and stress, which plays decisive roles in various biological processes such as senescence, apoptosis, carcinoma, and immune response. Autophagy, which was first discovered as a survival mechanism during starvation in yeast, is now known to serve a wide range of functions in more advanced organisms. It plays a vital role in how cells respond to stress, starvation, and infection. While research on yeast has led to the identification of many key components of the autophagy process, more research into autophagy in more complex systems is still warranted. This review article focuses on the use of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a robust testing model in further research on autophagy. Drosophila provides an ideal environment for exploring autophagy in a living organism during its development. Additionally, Drosophila is a well-suited compact tool for genetic analysis in that it serves as an intermediate between yeast and mammals because evolution conserved the molecular machinery required for autophagy in this species. Experimental tractability of host-pathogen interactions in Drosophila also affords great convenience in modeling human diseases on analogous structures and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esref Demir
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Antalya Bilim University, 07190 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sam Kacew
- R. Samuel McLaughllin Center for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, 1 Stewart (320), Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
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32
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Shimizu T, Tamura N, Nishimura T, Saito C, Yamamoto H, Mizushima N. Comprehensive analysis of autophagic functions of WIPI family proteins and their implications for the pathogenesis of β-propeller associated neurodegeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2623-2637. [PMID: 37364041 PMCID: PMC10407718 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
β-propellers that bind polyphosphoinositides (PROPPINs) are an autophagy-related protein family conserved throughout eukaryotes. The PROPPIN family includes Atg18, Atg21 and Hsv2 in yeast and WD-repeat protein interacting with phosphoinositides (WIPI)1-4 in mammals. Mutations in the WIPI genes are associated with human neuronal diseases, including β-propeller associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) caused by mutations in WDR45 (encoding WIPI4). In contrast to yeast PROPPINs, the functions of mammalian WIPI1-WIPI4 have not been systematically investigated. Although the involvement of WIPI2 in autophagy has been clearly shown, the functions of WIPI1, WIPI3 and WIPI4 in autophagy remain poorly understood. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the roles of WIPI proteins by using WIPI-knockout (single, double and quadruple knockout) HEK293T cells and recently developed HaloTag-based reporters, which enable us to monitor autophagic flux sensitively and quantitatively. We found that WIPI2 was nearly essential for autophagy. Autophagic flux was unaffected or only slightly reduced by single deletion of WIPI3 (encoded by WDR45B) or WIPI4 but was profoundly reduced by double deletion of WIPI3 and WIPI4. Furthermore, we revealed variable effects of BPAN-related missense mutations on the autophagic activity of WIPI4. BPAN is characterized by neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative abnormalities, and we found a possible association between the magnitude of the defect of the autophagic activity of WIPI4 mutants and the severity of neurodevelopmental symptoms. However, some of the BPAN-related missense mutations, which produce neurodegenerative signs, showed almost normal autophagic activity, suggesting that non-autophagic functions of WIPI4 may be related to neurodegeneration in BPAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Norito Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Taki Nishimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Chieko Saito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hayashi Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Nippon Medical School, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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33
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Haghshenas S, Foroutan A, Bhai P, Levy MA, Relator R, Kerkhof J, McConkey H, Skinner CD, Caylor RC, Tedder ML, Stevenson RE, Sadikovic B, Schwartz CE. Identification of a DNA methylation signature for Renpenning syndrome (RENS1), a spliceopathy. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:879-886. [PMID: 36797465 PMCID: PMC10400603 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The challenges and ambiguities in providing an accurate diagnosis for patients with neurodevelopmental disorders have led researchers to apply epigenetics as a technique to validate the diagnosis provided based on the clinical examination and genetic testing results. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis has recently been adapted for clinical testing of patients with genetic neurodevelopmental disorders. In this paper, preliminary data demonstrating a DNA methylation signature for Renpenning syndrome (RENS1 - OMIM 309500), which is an X-linked recessive neurodevelopmental disorder caused by variants in polyglutamine-binding protein 1 (PQBP1) is reported. The identified episignature was then utilized to construct a highly sensitive and specific binary classification model. Besides providing evidence for the existence of a DNA methylation episignature for Renpenning syndrome, this study increases the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms related to the disease. Moreover, the availability of more subjects in future may facilitate the establishment of an episignature that can be utilized for diagnosis in a clinical setting and for reclassification of variants of unknown clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegheh Haghshenas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Aidin Foroutan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Pratibha Bhai
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Michael A Levy
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Raissa Relator
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Jennifer Kerkhof
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Haley McConkey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada.
| | - Charles E Schwartz
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, 29646, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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34
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Privitera F, Piccini F, Recalcati MP, Presi S, Mazzola S, Carrera P. APC-Related Phenotypes and Intellectual Disability in 5q Interstitial Deletions: A New Case and Review of the Literature. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1505. [PMID: 37510409 PMCID: PMC10379344 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5q deletion syndrome is a relatively rare condition caused by the monoallelic interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5. Patients described in literature usually present variable dysmorphic features, behavioral disturbance, and intellectual disability (ID); moreover, the involvement of the APC gene (5q22.2) in the deletion predisposes them to tumoral syndromes (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis and Gardner syndrome). Although the development of gastrointestinal tract malignancies has been extensively described, the genetic causes underlying neurologic manifestations have never been investigated. In this study, we described a new patient with a 19.85 Mb interstitial deletion identified by array-CGH and compared the deletions and the phenotypes reported in other patients already described in the literature and the Decipher database. Overlapping deletions allowed us to highlight a common region in 5q22.1q23.1, identifying KCNN2 (5q22.3) as the most likely candidate gene contributing to the neurologic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Privitera
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Flavia Piccini
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Recalcati
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Presi
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Mazzola
- Medical Genetics, ASST del Garda, Desenzano, 25015 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Carrera
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Unit of Genomics for Diagnosis of Human Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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35
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Yugeta A, Arai H, Takahashi D, Haruta N, Sugimoto A, Arimoto H. C. elegans ATG-5 mutants associated with ataxia. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000792. [PMID: 37334197 PMCID: PMC10276264 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular cleaning via autophagy is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and impaired autophagy has been associated with the accumulation of protein aggregates that can contribute to neurological diseases. Specifically, the loss-of-function mutation in the human autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) at E122D has been linked to the pathogenesis of spinocerebellar ataxia in humans. In this study, we generated two homozygous C. elegans strains with mutations (E121D and E121A) at positions corresponding to the human ATG5 ataxia mutation to investigate the effects of ATG5 mutations on autophagy and motility. Our results showed that both mutants exhibited a reduction in autophagy activity and impaired motility, suggesting that the conserved mechanism of autophagy-mediated regulation of motility extends from C. elegans to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Yugeta
- Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Arai
- Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | - Nami Haruta
- Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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36
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Szabó Á, Vincze V, Chhatre AS, Jipa A, Bognár S, Varga KE, Banik P, Harmatos-Ürmösi A, Neukomm LJ, Juhász G. LC3-associated phagocytosis promotes glial degradation of axon debris after injury in Drosophila models. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3077. [PMID: 37248218 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial engulfment of neuron-derived debris after trauma, during development, and in neurodegenerative diseases supports nervous system functions. However, mechanisms governing the efficiency of debris degradation in glia have remained largely unexplored. Here we show that LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), an engulfment pathway assisted by certain autophagy factors, promotes glial phagosome maturation in the Drosophila wing nerve. A LAP-specific subset of autophagy-related genes is required in glia for axon debris clearance, encoding members of the Atg8a (LC3) conjugation system and the Vps34 lipid kinase complex including UVRAG and Rubicon. Phagosomal Rubicon and Atg16 WD40 domain-dependent conjugation of Atg8a mediate proper breakdown of internalized axon fragments, and Rubicon overexpression in glia accelerates debris elimination. Finally, LAP promotes survival following traumatic brain injury. Our results reveal a role of glial LAP in the clearance of neuronal debris in vivo, with potential implications for the recovery of the injured nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áron Szabó
- Biological Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary.
| | - Virág Vincze
- Biological Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Aishwarya Sanjay Chhatre
- Biological Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Jipa
- Biological Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Sarolta Bognár
- Biological Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Katalin Eszter Varga
- Biological Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Poulami Banik
- Biological Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Adél Harmatos-Ürmösi
- Biological Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Lukas J Neukomm
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Biological Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary.
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.
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Chen TY, Bozic J, Mathias D, Smartt CT. Immune-related transcripts, microbiota and vector competence differ in dengue-2 virus-infected geographically distinct Aedes aegypti populations. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:166. [PMID: 37208697 PMCID: PMC10199558 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05784-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vector competence in Aedes aegypti is influenced by various factors. Crucial new control methods can be developed by recognizing which factors affect virus and mosquito interactions. METHODS In the present study we used three geographically distinct Ae. aegypti populations and compared their susceptibility to infection by dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2). To identify any differences among the three mosquito populations, we evaluated expression levels of immune-related genes and assessed the presence of microbiota that might contribute to the uniqueness in their vector competence. RESULTS Based on the results from the DENV-2 competence study, we categorized the three geographically distinct Ae. aegypti populations into a refractory population (Vilas do Atlântico), a susceptible population (Vero) and a susceptible but low transmission population (California). The immune-related transcripts were highly expressed in the California population but not in the refractory population. However, the Rel-1 gene was upregulated in the Vilas do Atlântico population following ingestion of a non-infectious blood meal, suggesting the gene's involvement in non-viral responses, such as response to microbiota. Screening of the bacteria, fungi and flaviviruses revealed differences between populations, and any of these could be one of the factors that interfere with the vector competence. CONCLUSIONS The results reveal potential factors that might impact the virus and mosquito interaction, as well as influence the Ae. aegypti refractory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Yu Chen
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Jovana Bozic
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL USA
- Department of Entomology, The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Derrick Mathias
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL USA
| | - Chelsea T. Smartt
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL USA
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38
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Li H, Yu Z, Niu Z, Cheng Y, Wei Z, Cai Y, Ma F, Hu L, Zhu J, Zhang W. A neuroprotective role of Ufmylation through Atg9 in the aging brain of Drosophila. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:129. [PMID: 37086384 PMCID: PMC11073442 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Ufmylation is a recently identified small ubiquitin-like modification, whose biological function and relevant cellular targets are poorly understood. Here we present evidence of a neuroprotective role for Ufmylation involving Autophagy-related gene 9 (Atg9) during Drosophila aging. The Ufm1 system ensures the health of aged neurons via Atg9 by coordinating autophagy and mTORC1, and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) activity. Neuron-specific expression of Atg9 suppresses the age-associated movement defect and lethality caused by loss of Ufmylation. Furthermore, Atg9 is identified as a conserved target of Ufm1 conjugation mediated by Ddrgk1, a critical regulator of Ufmylation. Mammalian Ddrgk1 was shown to be indispensable for the stability of endogenous Atg9A protein in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. Taken together, our findings might have important implications for neurodegenerative diseases in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenghong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hosptial of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Zikang Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yun Cheng
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhenhao Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yafei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fei Ma
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lanxin Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiejie Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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AlAbdi L, Desbois M, Rusnac DV, Sulaiman RA, Rosenfeld JA, Lalani S, Murdock DR, Burrage LC, Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Billie Au PY, Towner S, Wilson WG, Wong L, Brunet T, Strobl-Wildemann G, Burton JE, Hoganson G, McWalter K, Begtrup A, Zarate YA, Christensen EL, Opperman KJ, Giles AC, Helaby R, Kania A, Zheng N, Grill B, Alkuraya FS. Loss-of-function variants in MYCBP2 cause neurobehavioural phenotypes and corpus callosum defects. Brain 2023; 146:1373-1387. [PMID: 36200388 PMCID: PMC10319777 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum is a bundle of axon fibres that connects the two hemispheres of the brain. Neurodevelopmental disorders that feature dysgenesis of the corpus callosum as a core phenotype offer a valuable window into pathology derived from abnormal axon development. Here, we describe a cohort of eight patients with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a range of deficits including corpus callosum abnormalities, developmental delay, intellectual disability, epilepsy and autistic features. Each patient harboured a distinct de novo variant in MYCBP2, a gene encoding an atypical really interesting new gene (RING) ubiquitin ligase and signalling hub with evolutionarily conserved functions in axon development. We used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to introduce disease-associated variants into conserved residues in the Caenorhabditis elegans MYCBP2 orthologue, RPM-1, and evaluated functional outcomes in vivo. Consistent with variable phenotypes in patients with MYCBP2 variants, C. elegans carrying the corresponding human mutations in rpm-1 displayed axonal and behavioural abnormalities including altered habituation. Furthermore, abnormal axonal accumulation of the autophagy marker LGG-1/LC3 occurred in variants that affect RPM-1 ubiquitin ligase activity. Functional genetic outcomes from anatomical, cell biological and behavioural readouts indicate that MYCBP2 variants are likely to result in loss of function. Collectively, our results from multiple human patients and CRISPR gene editing with an in vivo animal model support a direct link between MYCBP2 and a human neurodevelopmental spectrum disorder that we term, MYCBP2-related developmental delay with corpus callosum defects (MDCD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama AlAbdi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muriel Desbois
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Domniţa-Valeria Rusnac
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Raashda A Sulaiman
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Seema Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David R Murdock
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lindsay C Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Ping Yee Billie Au
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shelley Towner
- Pediatric Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - William G Wilson
- Pediatric Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Lawrence Wong
- Department of Genetics, Northern California Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA 94611, USA
| | - Theresa Brunet
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics (ING), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Jennifer E Burton
- Department of Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - George Hoganson
- Department of Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Kirsty McWalter
- Genedx, Inc., 207 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | - Amber Begtrup
- Genedx, Inc., 207 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | - Yuri A Zarate
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Elyse L Christensen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Karla J Opperman
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Andrew C Giles
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Rana Helaby
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Artur Kania
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Ning Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brock Grill
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
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Pitcairn C, Murata N, Zalon AJ, Stojkovska I, Mazzulli JR. Impaired Autophagic-Lysosomal Fusion in Parkinson's Patient Midbrain Neurons Occurs through Loss of ykt6 and Is Rescued by Farnesyltransferase Inhibition. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2615-2629. [PMID: 36788031 PMCID: PMC10082462 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0610-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a catabolic process that coordinates with lysosomes to degrade aggregation-prone proteins and damaged organelles. Loss of macroautophagy preferentially affects neuron viability and is associated with age-related neurodegeneration. We previously found that α-synuclein (α-syn) inhibits lysosomal function by blocking ykt6, a farnesyl-regulated soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein that is essential for hydrolase trafficking in midbrain neurons. Using Parkinson's disease (PD) patient iPSC-derived midbrain cultures, we find that chronic, endogenous accumulation of α-syn directly inhibits autophagosome-lysosome fusion by impairing ykt6-SNAP-29 complexes. In wild-type (WT) cultures, ykt6 depletion caused a near-complete block of autophagic flux, highlighting its critical role for autophagy in human iPSC-derived neurons. In PD, macroautophagy impairment was associated with increased farnesyltransferase (FTase) activity, and FTase inhibitors restored macroautophagic flux through promoting active forms of ykt6 in human cultures, and male and female mice. Our findings indicate that ykt6 mediates cellular clearance by coordinating autophagic-lysosomal fusion and hydrolase trafficking, and that macroautophagy impairment in PD can be rescued by FTase inhibitors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The pathogenic mechanisms that lead to the death of neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (LBD) are currently unknown. Furthermore, disease modifying treatments for these diseases do not exist. Our study indicates that a cellular clearance pathway termed autophagy is impaired in patient-derived culture models of PD and in vivo We identified a novel druggable target, a soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein called ykt6, that rescues autophagy in vitro and in vivo upon blocking its farnesylation. Our work suggests that farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitors may be useful therapies for PD and DLB through enhancing autophagic-lysosomal clearance of aggregated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Pitcairn
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Naomi Murata
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Annie J Zalon
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Iva Stojkovska
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Joseph R Mazzulli
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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Krzystek TJ, White JA, Rathnayake R, Thurston L, Hoffmar-Glennon H, Li Y, Gunawardena S. HTT (huntingtin) and RAB7 co-migrate retrogradely on a signaling LAMP1-containing late endosome during axonal injury. Autophagy 2023; 19:1199-1220. [PMID: 36048753 PMCID: PMC10012955 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2119351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS Atg5: Autophagy-related 5; Atg8a: Autophagy-related 8a; AL: autolysosome; AP: autophagosome; BAF1: bafilomycin A1; BDNF: brain derived neurotrophic factor; BMP: bone morphogenetic protein; Cyt-c-p: Cytochrome c proximal; CQ: chloroquine; DCTN1: dynactin 1; Dhc: dynein heavy chain; EE: early endosome; DYNC1I1: dynein cytoplasmic 1 intermediate chain 1; HD: Huntington disease; HIP1/Hip1: huntingtin interacting protein 1; HTT/htt: huntingtin; iNeuron: iPSC-derived human neurons; IP: immunoprecipitation; Khc: kinesin heavy chain; KIF5C: kinesin family member 5C; LAMP1/Lamp1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LE: late endosome; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP3K12/DLK: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 12; MAPK8/JNK/bsk: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8/basket; MAPK8IP3/JIP3: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 3; NGF: nerve growth factor; NMJ: neuromuscular junction; NTRK1/TRKA: neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1; NRTK2/TRKB: neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2; nuf: nuclear fallout; PG: phagophore; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; puc: puckered; ref(2)P: refractory to sigma P; Rilpl: Rab interacting lysosomal protein like; Rip11: Rab11 interacting protein; RTN1: reticulon 1; syd: sunday driver; SYP: synaptophysin; SYT1/Syt1: synaptotagmin 1; STX17/Syx17: syntaxin 17; tkv: thickveins; VF: vesicle fraction; wit: wishful thinking; wnd: wallenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Krzystek
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Joseph A. White
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Rasika Rathnayake
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Layne Thurston
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Hayley Hoffmar-Glennon
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yichen Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shermali Gunawardena
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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42
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Cohen-Barak E, Danial-Farran N, Chervinsky E, Alimi-Kasem O, Zagairy F, Livneh I, Mawassi B, Hreish M, Khayat M, Lossos A, Meiner V, Ehilevitch N, Weiss K, Shalev S. A homozygous variant in CHMP3 is associated with complex hereditary spastic paraplegia. J Med Genet 2023; 60:233-240. [PMID: 35710109 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2022-108508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monogenic neurodegenerative diseases represent a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by mutations in genes involved in various cellular functions including autophagy, which mediates degradation of cytoplasmic contents by their transport into lysosomes. Abnormal autophagy is associated with hereditary ataxia and spastic paraplegia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontal dementia, characterised by intracellular accumulation of non-degraded proteins. We investigated the genetic basis of complex HSP in a consanguineous family of Arab-Muslim origin, consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. METHODS Exome sequencing was followed by variant filtering and Sanger sequencing for validation and familial segregation. Studies for mRNA and protein expression used real-time PCR and immunoblots. Patients' primary fibroblasts were analysed using electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, western blot analysis and ectopic plasmid expression for its impact on autophagy. RESULTS We identified a homozygous missense variant in CHMP3 (Chr2:86507484 GRCh38 (NM_016079.4): c.518C>T, p.Thr173Ile), which encodes CHMP3 protein. Segregation analysis validated the presence of the homozygous variant in five affected individuals, while healthy family members were found either heterozygous or wild type for this variant. Primary patient's fibroblasts showed significantly reduced levels of CHMP3. Electron microscopy disclosed accumulation of endosomes, autophagosomes and autolysosomes in patient's fibroblasts, which correlated with higher levels of autophagy markers, p62 and LC3-II. Ectopic expression of wild-type CHMP3 in primary patient fibroblasts led to reduction of the p62 particles accumulation and number of endosomes and autophagosomes compared with control. CONCLUSIONS Reduced level of CHMP3 is associated with complex spastic paraplegia phenotype, through aberrant autophagy mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Cohen-Barak
- Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel .,Technion Israel Institute of Technology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Fadia Zagairy
- Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Ido Livneh
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bannan Mawassi
- Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Maysa Hreish
- Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Morad Khayat
- Genetic Institute, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Karin Weiss
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.,Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Stavit Shalev
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.,Emek Medical Center, Pediatric Department A and Genetic Institute, Afula, Israel
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43
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Pathogenic Aspects and Therapeutic Avenues of Autophagy in Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040621. [PMID: 36831288 PMCID: PMC9954720 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive aging of the population and the fact that Parkinson's disease currently does not have any curative treatment turn out to be essential issues in the following years, where research has to play a critical role in developing therapy. Understanding this neurodegenerative disorder keeps advancing, proving the discovery of new pathogenesis-related genes through genome-wide association analysis. Furthermore, the understanding of its close link with the disruption of autophagy mechanisms in the last few years permits the elaboration of new animal models mimicking, through multiple pathways, different aspects of autophagic dysregulation, with the presence of pathological hallmarks, in brain regions affected by Parkinson's disease. The synergic advances in these fields permit the elaboration of multiple therapeutic strategies for restoring autophagy activity. This review discusses the features of Parkinson's disease, the autophagy mechanisms and their involvement in pathogenesis, and the current methods to correct this cellular pathway, from the development of animal models to the potentially curative treatments in the preclinical and clinical phase studies, which are the hope for patients who do not currently have any curative treatment.
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44
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Morimoto M, Bhambhani V, Gazzaz N, Davids M, Sathiyaseelan P, Macnamara EF, Lange J, Lehman A, Zerfas PM, Murphy JL, Acosta MT, Wang C, Alderman E, Reichert S, Thurm A, Adams DR, Introne WJ, Gorski SM, Boerkoel CF, Gahl WA, Tifft CJ, Malicdan MCV. Bi-allelic ATG4D variants are associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by speech and motor impairment. NPJ Genom Med 2023; 8:4. [PMID: 36765070 PMCID: PMC9918471 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy regulates the degradation of damaged organelles and protein aggregates, and is critical for neuronal development, homeostasis, and maintenance, yet few neurodevelopmental disorders have been associated with pathogenic variants in genes encoding autophagy-related proteins. We report three individuals from two unrelated families with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by speech and motor impairment, and similar facial characteristics. Rare, conserved, bi-allelic variants were identified in ATG4D, encoding one of four ATG4 cysteine proteases important for autophagosome biogenesis, a hallmark of autophagy. Autophagosome biogenesis and induction of autophagy were intact in cells from affected individuals. However, studies evaluating the predominant substrate of ATG4D, GABARAPL1, demonstrated that three of the four ATG4D patient variants functionally impair ATG4D activity. GABARAPL1 is cleaved or "primed" by ATG4D and an in vitro GABARAPL1 priming assay revealed decreased priming activity for three of the four ATG4D variants. Furthermore, a rescue experiment performed in an ATG4 tetra knockout cell line, in which all four ATG4 isoforms were knocked out by gene editing, showed decreased GABARAPL1 priming activity for the two ATG4D missense variants located in the cysteine protease domain required for priming, suggesting that these variants impair the function of ATG4D. The clinical, bioinformatic, and functional data suggest that bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in ATG4D contribute to the pathogenesis of this syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Morimoto
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vikas Bhambhani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55404, USA
| | - Nour Gazzaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, British Columbia Women's and Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariska Davids
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Paalini Sathiyaseelan
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Ellen F Macnamara
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Patricia M Zerfas
- Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer L Murphy
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maria T Acosta
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Camille Wang
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Emily Alderman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, British Columbia Women's and Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Sara Reichert
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55404, USA
| | - Audrey Thurm
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David R Adams
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wendy J Introne
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sharon M Gorski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Cornelius F Boerkoel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, British Columbia Women's and Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - William A Gahl
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Yuan R, Hahn Y, Stempel MH, Sidibe DK, Laxton O, Chen J, Kulkarni A, Maday S. Proteasomal inhibition preferentially stimulates lysosome activity relative to autophagic flux in primary astrocytes. Autophagy 2023; 19:570-596. [PMID: 35722992 PMCID: PMC9851260 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2084884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons and astrocytes face unique demands on their proteome to enable proper function and survival of the nervous system. Consequently, both cell types are critically dependent on robust quality control pathways such as macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). We previously reported that autophagy is differentially regulated in astrocytes and neurons in the context of metabolic stress, but less is understood in the context of proteotoxic stress induced by inhibition of the UPS. Dysfunction of the proteasome or autophagy has been linked to the progression of various neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, in this study, we explored the connection between autophagy and the proteasome in primary astrocytes and neurons. Prior studies largely in non-neural models report a compensatory relationship whereby inhibition of the UPS stimulates autophagy. To our surprise, inhibition of the proteasome did not robustly upregulate autophagy in astrocytes or neurons. In fact, the effects on autophagy are modest particularly in comparison to paradigms of metabolic stress. Rather, we find that UPS inhibition in astrocytes induces formation of Ub-positive aggregates that harbor the selective autophagy receptor, SQSTM1/p62, but these structures were not productive substrates for autophagy. By contrast, we observed a significant increase in lysosomal degradation in astrocytes in response to UPS inhibition, but this stimulation was not sufficient to reduce total SQSTM1 levels. Last, UPS inhibition was more toxic in neurons compared to astrocytes, suggesting a cell type-specific vulnerability to proteotoxic stress.Abbreviations: Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; CQ: chloroquine; Epox: epoxomicin; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; p-ULK1: phospho-ULK1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; Ub: ubiquitin; ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1; UPS: ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Yuan
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Younghee Hahn
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Max H. Stempel
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David K. Sidibe
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olivia Laxton
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aditi Kulkarni
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sandra Maday
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Fu JR, Zhou J, Zhang YP, Liu L. Effects of Caulerpa taxifolia on Physiological Processes and Gene Expression of Acropora hyacinthus during Thermal Stress. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121792. [PMID: 36552301 PMCID: PMC9775474 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An increasing ecological phase shift from coral-dominated reefs to macroalgae-dominated reefs as a result of anthropogenic impacts, such as eutrophication, sedimentation, and overfishing, has been observed in many reef systems around the world. Ocean warming is a universal threat to both corals and macroalgae, which may alter the outcome of competition between them. Therefore, in order to explore the effects of indirect and direct exposure to macroalgae on the physiological, biochemical, and genetic expression of corals at elevated temperature, the coral Acropora hyacinthus and highly invasive green algae Caulerpa taxifolia were chosen. Physiologically, the results exhibited that, between the control and direct contact treatments, the density and chlorophyll a content of zooxanthella decreased by 53.1% and 71.2%, respectively, when the coral indirectly contacted with the algae at an ambient temperature (27 °C). Moreover, the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in coral tissue were enhanced by interacting with algae. After an increase of 3 °C, the density and chlorophyll a content of the zooxanthella reduced by 84.4% and 93.8%, respectively, whereas the enzyme activities of SOD and CAT increased 2.3- and 3.1-fold. However, only the zooxanthellae density and pigment content decreased when Caulerpa taxifolia was co-cultured with Acropora hyacinthus at 30 °C. Molecularly, different from the control group, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) such as Rab family, ATG family, and Casp7 genes were significantly enriched in the endocytosis, autophagy, and apoptosis pathways, regardless of whether Acropora hyacinthus was directly or indirectly exposed to Caulerpa taxifolia at 27 °C. Under thermal stress without algae interaction, the DEGs were significantly enriched in the microbial immune signal transduction pathways, such as the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway, while multiple cellular immunity (IFI47, TRAF family) and oxidative stress (CAT, SODC, HSP70) genes were upregulated. Inversely, compared with corals without interaction with algae at 30 °C, the DEGs of the corals that interacted with Caulerpa taxifolia at 30 °C were remarkably enriched in apoptosis and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, including the transcription factors such as the Casp family and TRAF family. In conclusion, the density and chlorophyll a content of zooxanthella maintained a fading tendency induced by the macroalgae at ambient temperatures. The oxidative stress and immune response levels of the coral was elevated at 30 °C, but the macroalgae alleviated the negative effects triggered by thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Rong Fu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Li Liu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Southern Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524025, China
- Correspondence:
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Usher JL, Sanchez‐Martinez A, Terriente‐Felix A, Chen P, Lee JJ, Chen C, Whitworth AJ. Parkin drives pS65-Ub turnover independently of canonical autophagy in Drosophila. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53552. [PMID: 36250243 PMCID: PMC9724668 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease-related proteins, PINK1 and Parkin, act in a common pathway to maintain mitochondrial quality control. While the PINK1-Parkin pathway can promote autophagic mitochondrial turnover (mitophagy) following mitochondrial toxification in cell culture, alternative quality control pathways are suggested. To analyse the mechanisms by which the PINK1-Parkin pathway operates in vivo, we developed methods to detect Ser65-phosphorylated ubiquitin (pS65-Ub) in Drosophila. Exposure to the oxidant paraquat led to robust, Pink1-dependent pS65-Ub production, while pS65-Ub accumulates in unstimulated parkin-null flies, consistent with blocked degradation. Additionally, we show that pS65-Ub specifically accumulates on disrupted mitochondria in vivo. Depletion of the core autophagy proteins Atg1, Atg5 and Atg8a did not cause pS65-Ub accumulation to the same extent as loss of parkin, and overexpression of parkin promoted turnover of both basal and paraquat-induced pS65-Ub in an Atg5-null background. Thus, we have established that pS65-Ub immunodetection can be used to analyse Pink1-Parkin function in vivo as an alternative to reporter constructs. Moreover, our findings suggest that the Pink1-Parkin pathway can promote mitochondrial turnover independently of canonical autophagy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Usher
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitCambridgeUK
- PNAC Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
- Present address:
MSD R&D Innovation CentreLondonUK
| | | | | | - Po‐Lin Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and VaccinologyNational Health Research InstitutesZhunanTaiwan
| | | | - Chun‐Hong Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and VaccinologyNational Health Research InstitutesZhunanTaiwan
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Rappe A, McWilliams TG. Mitophagy in the aging nervous system. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:978142. [PMID: 36303604 PMCID: PMC9593040 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.978142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterised by the progressive accumulation of cellular dysfunction, stress, and inflammation. A large body of evidence implicates mitochondrial dysfunction as a cause or consequence of age-related diseases including metabolic disorders, neuropathies, various forms of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Because neurons have high metabolic demands and cannot divide, they are especially vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction which promotes cell dysfunction and cytotoxicity. Mitophagy neutralises mitochondrial dysfunction, providing an adaptive quality control strategy that sustains metabolic homeostasis. Mitophagy has been extensively studied as an inducible stress response in cultured cells and short-lived model organisms. In contrast, our understanding of physiological mitophagy in mammalian aging remains extremely limited, particularly in the nervous system. The recent profiling of mitophagy reporter mice has revealed variegated vistas of steady-state mitochondrial destruction across different tissues. The discovery of patients with congenital autophagy deficiency provokes further intrigue into the mechanisms that underpin neural integrity. These dimensions have considerable implications for targeting mitophagy and other degradative pathways in age-related neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rappe
- Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas G. McWilliams
- Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Changotra H, Kaur S, Yadav SS, Gupta GL, Parkash J, Duseja A. ATG5: A central autophagy regulator implicated in various human diseases. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:650-667. [PMID: 36062813 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, an intracellular conserved degradative process, plays a central role in the renewal/recycling of a cell to maintain the homeostasis of nutrients and energy within the cell. ATG5, a key component of autophagy, regulates the formation of the autophagosome, a hallmark of autophagy. ATG5 binds with ATG12 and ATG16L1 resulting in E3 like ligase complex, which is necessary for autophagosome expansion. Available data suggest that ATG5 is indispensable for autophagy and has an imperative role in several essential biological processes. Moreover, ATG5 has also been demonstrated to possess autophagy-independent functions that magnify its significance and therapeutic potential. ATG5 interacts with various molecules for the execution of different processes implicated during physiological and pathological conditions. Furthermore, ATG5 genetic variants are associated with various ailments. This review discusses various autophagy-dependent and autophagy-independent roles of ATG5, highlights its various deleterious genetic variants reported until now, and various studies supporting it as a potential drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Changotra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sargeet Kaur
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Singh Yadav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Girdhari Lal Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jyoti Parkash
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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50
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Sidibe DK, Vogel MC, Maday S. Organization of the autophagy pathway in neurons. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 75:102554. [PMID: 35649324 PMCID: PMC9990471 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is an essential quality-control pathway in neurons, which face unique functional and morphological challenges in maintaining the integrity of organelles and the proteome. To overcome these challenges, neurons have developed compartment-specific pathways for autophagy. In this review, we discuss the organization of the autophagy pathway, from autophagosome biogenesis, trafficking, to clearance, in the neuron. We dissect the compartment-specific mechanisms and functions of autophagy in axons, dendrites, and the soma. Furthermore, we highlight examples of how steps along the autophagy pathway are impaired in the context of aging and neurodegenerative disease, which underscore the critical importance of autophagy in maintaining neuronal function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Sidibe
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maria C Vogel
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sandra Maday
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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