1
|
Pathni A, Wagh K, Rey-Suarez I, Upadhyaya A. Mechanical regulation of lymphocyte activation and function. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs219030. [PMID: 38995113 PMCID: PMC11267459 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.219030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensing, or how cells sense and respond to the physical environment, is crucial for many aspects of biological function, ranging from cell movement during development to cancer metastasis, the immune response and gene expression driving cell fate determination. Relevant physical stimuli include the stiffness of the extracellular matrix, contractile forces, shear flows in blood vessels, complex topography of the cellular microenvironment and membrane protein mobility. Although mechanosensing has been more widely studied in non-immune cells, it has become increasingly clear that physical cues profoundly affect the signaling function of cells of the immune system. In this Review, we summarize recent studies on mechanical regulation of immune cells, specifically lymphocytes, and explore how the force-generating cytoskeletal machinery might mediate mechanosensing. We discuss general principles governing mechanical regulation of lymphocyte function, spanning from the molecular scale of receptor activation to cellular responses to mechanical stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aashli Pathni
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kaustubh Wagh
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ivan Rey-Suarez
- Insitute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Microcore, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, DC 111711, USA
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Insitute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rogers J, Bajur AT, Salaita K, Spillane KM. Mechanical control of antigen detection and discrimination by T and B cell receptors. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00347-3. [PMID: 38794795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune response is orchestrated by just two cell types, T cells and B cells. Both cells possess the remarkable ability to recognize virtually any antigen through their respective antigen receptors-the T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR). Despite extensive investigations into the biochemical signaling events triggered by antigen recognition in these cells, our ability to predict or control the outcome of T and B cell activation remains elusive. This challenge is compounded by the sensitivity of T and B cells to the biophysical properties of antigens and the cells presenting them-a phenomenon we are just beginning to understand. Recent insights underscore the central role of mechanical forces in this process, governing the conformation, signaling activity, and spatial organization of TCRs and BCRs within the cell membrane, ultimately eliciting distinct cellular responses. Traditionally, T cells and B cells have been studied independently, with researchers working in parallel to decipher the mechanisms of activation. While these investigations have unveiled many overlaps in how these cell types sense and respond to antigens, notable differences exist. To fully grasp their biology and harness it for therapeutic purposes, these distinctions must be considered. This review compares and contrasts the TCR and BCR, placing emphasis on the role of mechanical force in regulating the activity of both receptors to shape cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jhordan Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anna T Bajur
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Katelyn M Spillane
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang H, Jiang Z, Guo Z, Luo G, Ding T, Zhan C. mIgM-mediated splenic marginal zone B cells targeting of folic acid for immunological evasion. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:808-820. [PMID: 38322341 PMCID: PMC10840397 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Folic acid is a fully oxidized synthetic folate with high bioavailability and stability which has been extensively prescribed to prevent congenital disabilities. Here we revealed the immunosuppressive effect of folic acid by targeting splenic marginal zone B (MZB) cells. Folic acid demonstrates avid binding with the Fc domain of immunoglobulin M (IgM), targeting IgM positive MZB cells in vivo to destabilize IgM-B cell receptor (BCR) complex and block immune responses. The induced anergy of MZB cells by folic acid provides an immunological escaping window for antigens. Covalent conjugation of folic acid with therapeutic proteins and antibodies induces immunological evasion to mitigate the production of anti-drug antibodies, which is a major obstacle to the long-term treatment of biologics by reducing curative effects and/or causing adverse reactions. Folic acid acts as a safe and effective immunosuppressant via IgM-mediated MZB cells targeting to boost the clinical outcomes of biologics by inhibiting the production of anti-drug antibodies, and also holds the potential to treat other indications that adverse immune responses need to be transiently shut off.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhuxuan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiwei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gan Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tianhao Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Changyou Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen K, Jiang M, Liu J, Huang D, Yang YR. DNA nanostructures as biomolecular scaffolds for antigen display. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1921. [PMID: 37562787 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based vaccines offer a multivalent approach for antigen display, efficiently activating T and B cells in the lymph nodes. Among various nanoparticle design strategies, DNA nanotechnology offers an innovative alternative platform, featuring high modularity, spatial addressing, nanoscale regulation, high functional group density, and lower self-antigenicity. This review delves into the potential of DNA nanostructures as biomolecular scaffolds for antigen display, addressing: (1) immunological mechanisms behind nanovaccines and commonly used nanoparticles in their design, (2) techniques for characterizing protein NP-antigen complexes, (3) advancements in DNA nanotechnology and DNA-protein assembly approach, (4) strategies for precise antigen presentation on DNA scaffolds, and (5) current applications and future possibilities of DNA scaffolds in antigen display. This analysis aims to highlight the transformative potential of DNA nanoscaffolds in immunology and vaccinology. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid-Based Structures Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Deli Huang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhe R Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bhanja A, Seeley-Fallen MK, Lazzaro M, Upadhyaya A, Song W. N-WASP-dependent branched actin polymerization attenuates B-cell receptor signaling by increasing the molecular density of receptor clusters. eLife 2023; 12:RP87833. [PMID: 38085658 PMCID: PMC10715734 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-induced B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is critical for initiating and regulating B-cell activation. The actin cytoskeleton plays essential roles in BCR signaling. Upon encountering cell-surface antigens, actin-driven B-cell spreading amplifies signaling, while B-cell contraction following spreading leads to signal attenuation. However, the mechanism by which actin dynamics switch BCR signaling from amplification to attenuation is unknown. Here, we show that Arp2/3-mediated branched actin polymerization is required for mouse splenic B-cell contraction. Contracting B-cells generate centripetally moving actin foci from lamellipodial F-actin networks in the plasma membrane region contacting antigen-presenting surfaces. Actin polymerization driven by N-WASP, but not WASP, initiates these actin foci and facilitates non-muscle myosin II recruitment to the contact zone, creating actomyosin ring-like structures. B-cell contraction increases BCR molecular density in individual clusters, leading to decreased BCR phosphorylation. Increased BCR molecular density reduced levels of the stimulatory kinase Syk, the inhibitory phosphatase SHIP-1, and their phosphorylated forms in individual BCR clusters. These results suggest that N-WASP-activated Arp2/3, coordinating with myosin, generates centripetally moving foci and contractile actomyosin ring-like structures from lamellipodial networks, enabling contraction. B-cell contraction attenuates BCR signaling by pushing out both stimulatory kinases and inhibitory phosphatases from BCR clusters, providing novel insights into actin-facilitated signal attenuation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Bhanja
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - Margaret K Seeley-Fallen
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - Michelle Lazzaro
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Biophysics Program, University of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
- Department of Physics, University of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| | - Wenxia Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of MarylandCollege ParkUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bhanja A, Seeley-Fallen MK, Lazzaro M, Upadhyaya A, Song W. N-WASP-dependent branched actin polymerization attenuates B-cell receptor signaling by increasing the molecular density of receptor clusters. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.14.532631. [PMID: 36993351 PMCID: PMC10055065 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.532631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-induced B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is critical for initiating and regulating B-cell activation. The actin cytoskeleton plays essential roles in BCR signaling. Upon encountering cell-surface antigens, actin-driven B-cell spreading amplifies signaling, while B-cell contraction following spreading leads to signal attenuation. However, the mechanism by which actin dynamics switch BCR signaling from amplification to attenuation is unknown. Here, we show that Arp2/3-mediated branched actin polymerization is required for B-cell contraction. Contracting B-cells generate centripetally moving actin foci from lamellipodial F-actin networks in the B-cell plasma membrane region contacting antigen-presenting surfaces. Actin polymerization driven by N-WASP, but not WASP, initiates these actin foci and facilitates non-muscle myosin II recruitment to the contact zone, creating actomyosin ring-like structures. Furthermore, B-cell contraction increases BCR molecular density in individual clusters, leading to decreased BCR phosphorylation. Increased BCR molecular density reduced levels of the stimulatory kinase Syk, the inhibitory phosphatase SHIP-1, and their phosphorylated forms in individual BCR clusters. These results suggest that N-WASP-activated Arp2/3, coordinating with myosin, generates centripetally moving foci and contractile actomyosin ring-like structures from lamellipodial networks, enabling contraction. B-cell contraction attenuates BCR signaling by pushing out both stimulatory kinases and inhibitory phosphatases from BCR clusters, providing novel insights into actin-facilitated signal attenuation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Bhanja
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Margaret K. Seeley-Fallen
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Michelle Lazzaro
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Wenxia Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rinaldi DA, Kanagy WK, Kaye HC, Grattan RM, Lucero SR, Pérez MP, Wester MJ, Lidke KA, Wilson BS, Lidke DS. Antigen Geometry Tunes Mast Cell Signaling Through Distinct FcεRI Aggregation and Structural Changes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.04.552060. [PMID: 37609336 PMCID: PMC10441289 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.04.552060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing Fc receptors are critical components of the innate and adaptive immune systems. FcεRI mediates the allergic response via crosslinking of IgE-bound receptors by multivalent antigens. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms that govern the response of FcεRI to specific antigens remain poorly understood. We compared responses induced by two antigens with distinct geometries, high valency DNP-BSA and trivalent DF3, and found unique secretion and receptor phosphorylation profiles that are due to differential recruitment of Lyn and SHIP1. To understand how these two antigens can cause such markedly different outcomes, we used direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) super-resolution imaging combined with Bayesian Grouping of Localizations (BaGoL) analysis to compare the nanoscale characteristics of FcεRI aggregates. DF3 aggregates were found to be smaller and more densely packed than DNP-BSA aggregates. Using lifetime-based Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements, we discovered that FcεRI subunits undergo structural rearrangements upon crosslinking with either antigen, and in response to interaction with monovalent antigen presented on a supported lipid bilayer. The extent of conformational change is positively correlated with signaling efficiency. Finally, we provide evidence for forces in optimizing FcεRI signaling, such that immobilizing DF3 on a rigid surface promoted degranulation while increasing DNP-BSA flexibility lowered degranulation. These results provide a link between the physical attributes of allergens, including size, shape, valency, and flexibility, and FcεRI signaling strength. Thus, the antigen modulates mast cell outcomes by creating unique aggregate geometries that tune FcεRI conformation, phosphorylation and signaling partner recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek A. Rinaldi
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - William K. Kanagy
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
- Present address: Department of Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Hannah C. Kaye
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Rachel M. Grattan
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Shayna R. Lucero
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | | | - Michael J. Wester
- Department Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Keith A. Lidke
- Department Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Bridget S. Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Diane S. Lidke
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ferapontov A, Omer M, Baudrexel I, Nielsen JS, Dupont DM, Juul-Madsen K, Steen P, Eklund AS, Thiel S, Vorup-Jensen T, Jungmann R, Kjems J, Degn SE. Antigen footprint governs activation of the B cell receptor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:976. [PMID: 36813795 PMCID: PMC9947222 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen binding by B cell receptors (BCR) on cognate B cells elicits a response that eventually leads to production of antibodies. However, it is unclear what the distribution of BCRs is on the naïve B cell and how antigen binding triggers the first step in BCR signaling. Using DNA-PAINT super-resolution microscopy, we find that most BCRs are present as monomers, dimers, or loosely associated clusters on resting B cells, with a nearest-neighbor inter-Fab distance of 20-30 nm. We leverage a Holliday junction nanoscaffold to engineer monodisperse model antigens with precision-controlled affinity and valency, and find that the antigen exerts agonistic effects on the BCR as a function of increasing affinity and avidity. Monovalent macromolecular antigens can activate the BCR at high concentrations, whereas micromolecular antigens cannot, demonstrating that antigen binding does not directly drive activation. Based on this, we propose a BCR activation model determined by the antigen footprint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Ferapontov
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Center for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marjan Omer
- Center for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Isabelle Baudrexel
- Center for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jesper Sejrup Nielsen
- Center for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel Miotto Dupont
- Center for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Philipp Steen
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra S Eklund
- Center for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Center for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Ralf Jungmann
- Center for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Center for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Søren Egedal Degn
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Center for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Su Q, Chen M, Shi Y, Zhang X, Huang G, Huang B, Liu D, Liu Z, Shi Y. Cryo-EM structure of the human IgM B cell receptor. Science 2022; 377:875-880. [PMID: 35981043 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo3923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The B cell receptor (BCR) initiates immune responses through antigen recognition. We report a 3.3-angstrom cryo-electron microscopy structure of human immunoglobulin M (IgM)-BCR in the resting state. IgM-BCR comprises two heavy chains, two light chains, and the Igα/Igβ heterodimer. The ectodomains of the heavy chains closely stack against those of Igα/Igβ, with one heavy chain locked between Igα and Igβ in the juxtamembrane region. Extracellular interactions may determine isotype specificity of the BCR. The transmembrane helices of IgM-BCR form a four-helix bundle that appears to be conserved among all BCR isotypes. This structure contains 14 glycosylation sites on the IgM-BCR ectodomains and reveals three potential surface binding sites. Our work reveals the organizational principles of the BCR and may facilitate the design of antibody-based therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Su
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mengying Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Gaoxingyu Huang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bangdong Huang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dongwei Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yigong Shi
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Coleman PS, Parlo RA. Cancer’s Camouflage — Microvesicle Shedding from Cholesterol-Rich Tumor Plasma Membranes Might Blindfold First-Responder Immunosurveillance Strategies. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
11
|
Pasharawipas T. Different Aspects Concerning Viral Infection and the Role of MHC Molecules in Viral Prevention. Open Microbiol J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874285802115010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules play a crucial role in inducing an adaptive immune response. T-cell epitopes require compatible MHC molecules to form MHC-peptide Complexes (pMHC) that activate the T-cell Receptors (TCR) of T-lymphocyte clones. MHCs are polymorphic molecules with wide varieties of gene alleles. There are two classes of MHC molecules, class I and II. Both classes have three classical loci HLA-A, -B, and –C are present in class I and HLA-DP, -DQ, and -DR in class II. To induce a compatible T-lymphocyte clone, the T-cell epitope requires the association of the compatible MHC molecule to form pMHC. Each MHC variant possesses a different groove that is capable of binding a different range of antigenic epitopes. Without the compatible MHC molecule, a T cell clone cannot be activated by a particular viral epitope. With the aim of preventing viral transmission, the efficiency of a viral vaccine is related to the existence of specific MHC alleles in the individual. This article proposes the roles of the MHC molecule to prevent viral infection. In addition, the association of the viral receptor molecule with the viral infection will also be discussed.
Collapse
|
12
|
Pomorski A, Krężel A. Biarsenical fluorescent probes for multifunctional site-specific modification of proteins applicable in life sciences: an overview and future outlook. Metallomics 2021; 12:1179-1207. [PMID: 32658234 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00093k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent modification of proteins of interest (POI) in living cells is desired to study their behaviour and functions in their natural environment. In a perfect setting it should be easy to perform, inexpensive, efficient and site-selective. Although multiple chemical and biological methods have been developed, only a few of them are applicable for cellular studies thanks to their appropriate physical, chemical and biological characteristics. One such successful system is a tetracysteine tag/motif and its selective biarsenical binders (e.g. FlAsH and ReAsH). Since its discovery in 1998 by Tsien and co-workers, this method has been enhanced and revolutionized in terms of its efficiency, formed complex stability and breadth of application. Here, we overview the whole field of knowledge, while placing most emphasis on recent reports. We showcase the improvements of classical biarsenical probes with various optical properties as well as multifunctional molecules that add new characteristics to proteins. We also present the evolution of affinity tags and motifs of biarsenical probes demonstrating much more possibilities in cellular applications. We summarize protocols and reported observations so both beginners and advanced users of biarsenical probes can troubleshoot their experiments. We address the concerns regarding the safety of biarsenical probe application. We showcase examples in virology, studies on receptors or amyloid aggregation, where application of biarsenical probes allowed observations that previously were not possible. We provide a summary of current applications ranging from bioanalytical sciences to allosteric control of selected proteins. Finally, we present an outlook to encourage more researchers to use these magnificent probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pomorski
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deretic N, Bolger-Munro M, Choi K, Abraham L, Gold MR. The Actin-Disassembly Protein Glia Maturation Factor γ Enhances Actin Remodeling and B Cell Antigen Receptor Signaling at the Immune Synapse. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647063. [PMID: 34336818 PMCID: PMC8318000 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling by the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) initiates actin remodeling. The assembly of branched actin networks that are nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex exert outward force on the plasma membrane, allowing B cells to form membrane protrusions that can scan the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The resulting Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin retrograde flow promotes the centripetal movement and progressive coalescence of BCR microclusters, which amplifies BCR signaling. Glia maturation factor γ (GMFγ) is an actin disassembly-protein that releases Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin filaments from actin networks. By doing so, GMFγ could either oppose the actions of the Arp2/3 complex or support Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin polymerization by contributing to the recycling of actin monomers and Arp2/3 complexes. We now show that reducing the levels of GMFγ in human B cell lines via transfection with a specific siRNA impairs the ability of B cells to spread on antigen-coated surfaces, decreases the velocity of actin retrograde flow, diminishes the coalescence of BCR microclusters into a central cluster at the B cell-APC contact site, and decreases APC-induced BCR signaling. These effects of depleting GMFγ are similar to what occurs when the Arp2/3 complex is inhibited. This suggests that GMFγ cooperates with the Arp2/3 complex to support BCR-induced actin remodeling and amplify BCR signaling at the immune synapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Deretic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Madison Bolger-Munro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kate Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Libin Abraham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Gold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bhanja A, Rey-Suarez I, Song W, Upadhyaya A. Bidirectional feedback between BCR signaling and actin cytoskeletal dynamics. FEBS J 2021; 289:4430-4446. [PMID: 34124846 PMCID: PMC8669062 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
When B cells are exposed to antigens, they use their B-cell receptors (BCRs) to transduce this external signal into internal signaling cascades and uptake antigen, which activate transcriptional programs. Signaling activation requires complex cytoskeletal remodeling initiated by BCR signaling. The actin cytoskeletal remodeling drives B-cell morphological changes, such as spreading, protrusion, contraction, and endocytosis of antigen by mechanical forces, which in turn affect BCR signaling. Therefore, the relationship between the actin cytoskeleton and BCR signaling is a two-way feedback loop. These morphological changes represent the indirect ways by which the actin cytoskeleton regulates BCR signaling. Recent studies using high spatiotemporal resolution microscopy techniques have revealed that actin also can directly influence BCR signaling. Cortical actin networks directly affect BCR mobility, not only during the resting stage by serving as diffusion barriers, but also at the activation stage by altering BCR diffusivity through enhanced actin flow velocities. Furthermore, the actin cytoskeleton, along with myosin, enables B cells to sense the physical properties of its environment and generate and transmit forces through the BCR. Consequently, the actin cytoskeleton modulates the signaling threshold of BCR to antigenic stimulation. This review discusses the latest research on the relationship between BCR signaling and actin remodeling, and the research techniques. Exploration of the role of actin in BCR signaling will expand fundamental understanding of the relationship between cell signaling and the cytoskeleton and the mechanisms underlying cytoskeleton-related immune disorders and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Bhanja
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ivan Rey-Suarez
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Wenxia Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Department Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Murphy KJ, Reed DA, Trpceski M, Herrmann D, Timpson P. Quantifying and visualising the nuances of cellular dynamics in vivo using intravital imaging. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 72:41-53. [PMID: 34091131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intravital imaging is a powerful technology used to quantify and track dynamic changes in live cells and tissues within an intact environment. The ability to watch cell biology in real-time 'as it happens' has provided novel insight into tissue homeostasis, as well as disease initiation, progression and response to treatment. In this minireview, we highlight recent advances in the field of intravital microscopy, touching upon advances in awake versus anaesthesia-based approaches, as well as the integration of biosensors into intravital imaging. We also discuss current challenges that, in our opinion, need to be overcome to further advance the field of intravital imaging at the single-cell, subcellular and molecular resolution to reveal nuances of cell behaviour that can be targeted in complex disease settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendelle J Murphy
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Daniel A Reed
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Michael Trpceski
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Affinity Selection in Germinal Centers: Cautionary Tales and New Opportunities. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051040. [PMID: 33924933 PMCID: PMC8145379 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our current quantitative knowledge of the kinetics of antibody-mediated immunity is partly based on idealized experiments throughout the last decades. However, new experimental techniques often render contradictory quantitative outcomes that shake previously uncontroversial assumptions. This has been the case in the field of T-cell receptors, where recent techniques for measuring the 2-dimensional rate constants of T-cell receptor–ligand interactions exposed results contradictory to those obtained with techniques measuring 3-dimensional interactions. Recently, we have developed a mathematical framework to rationalize those discrepancies, focusing on the proper fine-grained description of the underlying kinetic steps involved in the immune synapse. In this perspective article, we apply this approach to unveil potential blind spots in the case of B-cell receptors (BCR) and to rethink the interactions between B cells and follicular dendritic cells (FDC) during the germinal center (GC) reaction. Also, we elaborate on the concept of “catch bonds” and on the recent observations that B-cell synapses retract and pull antigen generating a “retracting force”, and propose some testable predictions that can lead to future research.
Collapse
|
17
|
Macarrón Palacios A, Grzeschik J, Deweid L, Krah S, Zielonka S, Rösner T, Peipp M, Valerius T, Kolmar H. Specific Targeting of Lymphoma Cells Using Semisynthetic Anti-Idiotype Shark Antibodies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:560244. [PMID: 33324393 PMCID: PMC7726437 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.560244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The B-cell receptor (BCR) is a key player of the adaptive immune system. It is a unique part of immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules expressed on the surface of B cells. In case of many B-cell lymphomas, the tumor cells express a tumor-specific and functionally active BCR, also known as idiotype. Utilizing the idiotype as target for lymphoma therapy has emerged to be demanding since the idiotype differs from patient to patient. Previous studies have shown that shark-derived antibody domains (vNARs) isolated from a semi-synthetic CDR3-randomized library allow for the rapid generation of anti-idiotype binders. In this study, we evaluated the potential of generating patient-specific binders against the idiotype of lymphomas. To this end, the BCRs of three different lymphoma cell lines SUP-B8, Daudi, and IM-9 were identified, the variable domains were reformatted and the resulting monoclonal antibodies produced. The SUP-B8 BCR served as antigen in fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-based screening of the yeast-displayed vNAR libraries which resulted after three rounds of screening in the enrichment of antigen-binding vNARs. Five vNARs were expressed as Fc fusion proteins and consequently analyzed for their binding to soluble antigen using biolayer interferometry (BLI) revealing binding constants in the lower single-digit nanomolar range. These variants showed specific binding to the parental SUP-B8 cell line confirming a similar folding of the recombinantly expressed proteins compared with the native cell surface-presented BCR. First initial experiments to utilize the generated vNAR-Fc variants for BCR-clustering to induce apoptosis or ADCC/ADCP did not result in a significant decrease of cell viability. Here, we report an alternative approach for a personalized B-cell lymphoma therapy based on the construction of vNAR-Fc antibody-drug conjugates to enable specific killing of malignant B cells, which may widen the therapeutic window for B-cell lymphoma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Macarrón Palacios
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julius Grzeschik
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lukas Deweid
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thies Rösner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, UKSH, CAU Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, UKSH, CAU Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, UKSH, CAU Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang Y, Shen Z, Wan Z, Liu W. Site-specific Labeling of B Cell Receptor and Soluble Immunoglobulin. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3767. [PMID: 33659425 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocyte activation is regulated by its membrane-bound B cell receptors (BCRs) upon recognizing diverse antigens. It is hypothesized that antigen binding would trigger conformational changes within BCRs, followed by a series of downstream signaling activation. To measure the BCR conformational changes in live cells, a fluorescent site-specific labeling technique is preferred. Genetically encoded fluorescent tags visualize the location of the target proteins. However, these fluorescent proteins are large (~30 kDa) and would potentially perturb the conformation of BCRs. Here, we describe the general procedures of utilizing short tag-based site-specific labeling methodologies combining with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay to monitor the conformational changes within BCR extracellular domains upon antigen engagement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhixun Shen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhengpeng Wan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institutes of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wanli Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Garzon Dasgupta AK, Martyanov AA, Filkova AA, Panteleev MA, Sveshnikova AN. Development of a Simple Kinetic Mathematical Model of Aggregation of Particles or Clustering of Receptors. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E97. [PMID: 32604803 PMCID: PMC7345685 DOI: 10.3390/life10060097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of clustering of plasma membrane receptors in response to their agonist is the first step in signal transduction. The rate of the clustering process and the size of the clusters determine further cell responses. Here we aim to demonstrate that a simple 2-differential equation mathematical model is capable of quantitative description of the kinetics of 2D or 3D cluster formation in various processes. Three mathematical models based on mass action kinetics were considered and compared with each other by their ability to describe experimental data on GPVI or CR3 receptor clustering (2D) and albumin or platelet aggregation (3D) in response to activation. The models were able to successfully describe experimental data without losing accuracy after switching between complex and simple models. However, additional restrictions on parameter values are required to match a single set of parameters for the given experimental data. The extended clustering model captured several properties of the kinetics of cluster formation, such as the existence of only three typical steady states for this system: unclustered receptors, receptor dimers, and clusters. Therefore, a simple kinetic mass-action-law-based model could be utilized to adequately describe clustering in response to activation both in 2D and in 3D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei K. Garzon Dasgupta
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.G.D.); (A.A.M.); (A.A.F.); (M.A.P.)
- National Medical Research Centеr of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, 1 Samory Mashela St, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Martyanov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.G.D.); (A.A.M.); (A.A.F.); (M.A.P.)
- National Medical Research Centеr of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, 1 Samory Mashela St, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Biochemical Physics (IBCP), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Russian Federation, Kosyigina 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Сhemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 30 Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya str., 109029 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A. Filkova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.G.D.); (A.A.M.); (A.A.F.); (M.A.P.)
- National Medical Research Centеr of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, 1 Samory Mashela St, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Сhemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 30 Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya str., 109029 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Panteleev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.G.D.); (A.A.M.); (A.A.F.); (M.A.P.)
- National Medical Research Centеr of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, 1 Samory Mashela St, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Сhemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 30 Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya str., 109029 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskii per., 141700 Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
| | - Anastasia N. Sveshnikova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.G.D.); (A.A.M.); (A.A.F.); (M.A.P.)
- National Medical Research Centеr of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, 1 Samory Mashela St, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Сhemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 30 Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya str., 109029 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8/2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Feng Y, Wang Y, Zhang S, Haneef K, Liu W. Structural and immunogenomic insights into B-cell receptor activation. J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:27-35. [PMID: 32111437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
B cells express B-cell receptors (BCRs) which recognize antigen to trigger signaling cascades for B-cell activation and subsequent antibody production. BCR activation has a crucial influence on B-cell fate. How BCR is activated upon encountering antigen remains to be solved, although tremendous progresses have been achieved in the past few years. Here, we summarize the models that have been proposed to explain BCR activation, including the cross-linking model, the conformation-induced oligomerization model, the dissociation activation model, and the conformational change model. Especially, we elucidate the partially resolved structures of antibodies and/or BCRs by far and discusse how these current structural and further immunogenomic messages and more importantly the future studies may shed light on the explanation of BCR activation and the relevant diseases in the case of dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shaocun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kabeer Haneef
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|