1
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Ma X, Wang C, Ji C, Cao X, Dong Y. Quantitative characterization of tumor cell traction force on extracellular matrix by hydrogel microsphere stress sensor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1820-1830. [PMID: 38407981 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cell traction force (CTF) is a kind of active force that is a cell senses external environment and actively applies to the contact matrix which is currently a representative stress in cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction. Studying the distribution and variation of CTF during cell-ECM interaction help to explain the impact of physical factors on cell behaviors from the perspective of mechanobiology. However, most of the strategies of characterizing CTF are still limited by the measurement needs in three-dimensional (3D), quantitative characteristics and in vivo condition. Microsphere stress sensor (MSS) as a new type of technology is capable of realizing the quantitative characterization of CTF in 3D and in vivo. Herein, we employed microfluidic platform to design and fabricate MSS which possesses adjustable fluorescent performances, physical properties, and size ranges for better applicable to different cells (3T3, A549). Focusing on the common tumor cells behaviors (adhesion, spreading, and migration) in the process of metastasis, we chose SH-SY5Y as the representative research object in this work. We calculated CTF with the profile and distribution to demonstrate that the normal and shear stress can determined different cell behaviors. Additionally, CTF can also regulate cell adhesion, spreading, and migration in different cell states. Based on this method, the quantitative characterization of CFT of health and disease cells can be achieved, which further help to study and explore the potential mechanism of cell-ECM interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingquan Ma
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Changchun Ji
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shaanxi Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoshan Cao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Dong
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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2
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Shahriyari M, Rinn M, Hofemeier AD, Babych A, Zimmermann WH, Tiburcy M. Protocol to develop force-generating human skeletal muscle organoids. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102794. [PMID: 38133957 PMCID: PMC10776636 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Force generation is an essential property of skeletal muscle models in vitro. We describe a versatile 1-step procedure to direct undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into contractile skeletal muscle organoids (SMOs). Our protocol provides detailed steps for 3D casting of PSCs using either collagen-I/Matrigel- or fibrin/Geltrex-based hydrogels, SMO differentiation, and application of different culture platforms for mechanical loading and contractility analysis. The SMO model may be particularly useful to study human muscle development and developmental skeletal muscle disorders in vitro. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Shahriyari et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Shahriyari
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Malte Rinn
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arne D Hofemeier
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Artem Babych
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Malte Tiburcy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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3
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Krüger LJ, Vrugt MT, Bröker S, Wallmeyer B, Betz T, Wittkowski R. Analytical method for reconstructing the stress on a spherical particle from its surface deformation. Biophys J 2024; 123:527-537. [PMID: 38258291 PMCID: PMC10938078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanical forces that cells experience from the tissue surrounding them are crucial for their behavior and development. Experimental studies of such mechanical forces require a method for measuring them. A widely used approach in this context is bead deformation analysis, where spherical particles are embedded into the tissue. The deformation of the particles then allows to reconstruct the mechanical stress acting on them. Existing approaches for this reconstruction are either very time-consuming or not sufficiently general. In this article, we present an analytical approach to this problem based on an expansion in solid spherical harmonics that allows us to find the complete stress tensor describing the stress acting on the tissue. Our approach is based on the linear theory of elasticity and uses an ansatz specifically designed for deformed spherical bodies. We clarify the conditions under which this ansatz can be used, making our results useful also for other contexts in which this ansatz is employed. Our method can be applied to arbitrary radial particle deformations and requires a very low computational effort. The usefulness of the method is demonstrated by an application to experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Johanna Krüger
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Te Vrugt
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; DAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephan Bröker
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wallmeyer
- Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Timo Betz
- Third Institute of Physics - Biophysics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Raphael Wittkowski
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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4
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Nguyen J, Gilbert PM. Decoding the forces that shape muscle stem cell function. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 158:279-306. [PMID: 38670710 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a force-producing organ composed of muscle tissues, connective tissues, blood vessels, and nerves, all working in synergy to enable movement and provide support to the body. While robust biomechanical descriptions of skeletal muscle force production at the body or tissue level exist, little is known about force application on microstructures within the muscles, such as cells. Among various cell types, skeletal muscle stem cells reside in the muscle tissue environment and play a crucial role in driving the self-repair process when muscle damage occurs. Early evidence indicates that the fate and function of skeletal muscle stem cells are controlled by both biophysical and biochemical factors in their microenvironments, but much remains to accomplish in quantitatively describing the biophysical muscle stem cell microenvironment. This book chapter aims to review current knowledge on the influence of biophysical stresses and landscape properties on muscle stem cells in heath, aging, and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Nguyen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Penney M Gilbert
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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5
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Yuan Z, Guo Q, Jin D, Zhang P, Yang W. Biohybrid Soft Robots Powered by Myocyte: Current Progress and Future Perspectives. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1643. [PMID: 37630179 PMCID: PMC10456826 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Myocyte-driven robots, a type of biological actuator that combines myocytes with abiotic systems, have gained significant attention due to their high energy efficiency, sensitivity, biocompatibility, and self-healing capabilities. These robots have a unique advantage in simulating the structure and function of human tissues and organs. This review covers the research progress in this field, detailing the benefits of myocyte-driven robots over traditional methods, the materials used in their fabrication (including myocytes and extracellular materials), and their properties and manufacturing techniques. Additionally, the review explores various control methods, robot structures, and motion types. Lastly, the potential applications and key challenges faced by myocyte-driven robots are discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yuan
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.Y.); (Q.G.)
| | - Qinghao Guo
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.Y.); (Q.G.)
| | - Delu Jin
- School of Human Ities and Social Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Peifan Zhang
- Control Science and Engineering, Naval Aviation University, Yantai 264001, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.Y.); (Q.G.)
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6
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García-Lizarribar A, Villasante A, Lopez-Martin JA, Flandez M, Soler-Vázquez MC, Serra D, Herrero L, Sagrera A, Efeyan A, Samitier J. 3D bioprinted functional skeletal muscle models have potential applications for studies of muscle wasting in cancer cachexia. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 150:213426. [PMID: 37104961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Acquired muscle diseases such as cancer cachexia are responsible for the poor prognosis of many patients suffering from cancer. In vitro models are needed to study the underlying mechanisms of those pathologies. Extrusion bioprinting is an emerging tool to emulate the aligned architecture of fibers while implementing additive manufacturing techniques in tissue engineering. However, designing bioinks that reconcile the rheological needs of bioprinting and the biological requirements of muscle tissue is a challenging matter. Here we formulate a biomaterial with dual crosslinking to modulate the physical properties of bioprinted models. We design 3D bioprinted muscle models that resemble the mechanical properties of native tissue and show improved proliferation and high maturation of differentiated myotubes suggesting that the GelMA-AlgMA-Fibrin biomaterial possesses myogenic properties. The electrical stimulation of the 3D model confirmed the contractile capability of the tissue and enhanced the formation of sarcomeres. Regarding the functionality of the models, they served as platforms to recapitulate skeletal muscle diseases such as muscle wasting produced by cancer cachexia. The genetic expression of 3D models demonstrated a better resemblance to the muscular biopsies of cachectic mouse models. Altogether, this biomaterial is aimed to fabricate manipulable skeletal muscle in vitro models in a non-costly, fast and feasible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea García-Lizarribar
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia Barcelona Institute of Science (IBEC-BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Villasante
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia Barcelona Institute of Science (IBEC-BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jose Antonio Lopez-Martin
- Clinical & Translational Cancer Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Flandez
- Clinical & Translational Cancer Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen Soler-Vázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), UB, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), UB, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), UB, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sagrera
- Metabolism and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejo Efeyan
- Metabolism and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia Barcelona Institute of Science (IBEC-BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Di Meglio I, Trushko A, Guillamat P, Blanch-Mercader C, Abuhattum S, Roux A. Pressure and curvature control of the cell cycle in epithelia growing under spherical confinement. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111227. [PMID: 36001958 PMCID: PMC9433880 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphogenesis requires spatiotemporal regulation of proliferation, both by biochemical and mechanical cues. In epithelia, this regulation is called contact inhibition of proliferation, but disentangling biochemical from mechanical cues remains challenging. Here, we show that epithelia growing under confinement accumulate pressure that inhibits proliferation above a threshold value. During growth, epithelia spontaneously buckle, and cell proliferation is transiently reactivated within the fold. Reactivation of proliferation within folds correlated with the local reactivation of the mechano-sensing YAP/TAZ pathway. At late time points, when the pressure is highest, β-catenin activity increases. The threshold pressure increases when β-catenin is overactivated and decreases when β-catenin is inhibited. Altogether, our results suggest that different mechanical cues resulting from pressure inhibition of proliferation are at play through different mechano-sensing pathways: the β-catenin pathway sustains cell division under high pressure, and the YAP pathway senses local curvature. Encapsulation of MDCK cells enables quantification of growth-induced pressure Confined epithelia reach a threshold pressure that inhibits cell-cycle progression Overactivation of β-catenin activity sustains cell division under high pressure
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Di Meglio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anastasiya Trushko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pau Guillamat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carles Blanch-Mercader
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shada Abuhattum
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; National Center of Competence in Research Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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8
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Vesga-Castro C, Aldazabal J, Vallejo-Illarramendi A, Paredes J. Contractile force assessment methods for in vitro skeletal muscle tissues. eLife 2022; 11:e77204. [PMID: 35604384 PMCID: PMC9126583 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, there has been growing interest in measuring the contractile force (CF) of engineered muscle tissues to evaluate their functionality. However, there are still no standards available for selecting the most suitable experimental platform, measuring system, culture protocol, or stimulation patterns. Consequently, the high variability of published data hinders any comparison between different studies. We have identified that cantilever deflection, post deflection, and force transducers are the most commonly used configurations for CF assessment in 2D and 3D models. Additionally, we have discussed the most relevant emerging technologies that would greatly complement CF evaluation with intracellular and localized analysis. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the most significant advances in CF evaluation and its critical parameters. In order to compare contractile performance across experimental platforms, we have used the specific force (sF, kN/m2), CF normalized to the calculated cross-sectional area (CSA). However, this parameter presents a high variability throughout the different studies, which indicates the need to identify additional parameters and complementary analysis suitable for proper comparison. We propose that future contractility studies in skeletal muscle constructs report detailed information about construct size, contractile area, maturity level, sarcomere length, and, ideally, the tetanus-to-twitch ratio. These studies will hopefully shed light on the relative impact of these variables on muscle force performance of engineered muscle constructs. Prospective advances in muscle tissue engineering, particularly in muscle disease models, will require a joint effort to develop standardized methodologies for assessing CF of engineered muscle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Vesga-Castro
- University of Navarra, Tecnun School of Engineering, Manuel de LardizábalSan SebastianSpain
- University of Navarra, Biomedical Engineering Center, Campus UniversitarioPamplonaSpain
- Group of Neurosciences, Department of Pediatrics, UPV/EHU, Hospital Donostia - IIS BiodonostiaSan SebastianSpain
| | - Javier Aldazabal
- University of Navarra, Tecnun School of Engineering, Manuel de LardizábalSan SebastianSpain
- University of Navarra, Biomedical Engineering Center, Campus UniversitarioPamplonaSpain
| | - Ainara Vallejo-Illarramendi
- Group of Neurosciences, Department of Pediatrics, UPV/EHU, Hospital Donostia - IIS BiodonostiaSan SebastianSpain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation, and UniversitiesMadridSpain
| | - Jacobo Paredes
- University of Navarra, Tecnun School of Engineering, Manuel de LardizábalSan SebastianSpain
- University of Navarra, Biomedical Engineering Center, Campus UniversitarioPamplonaSpain
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9
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Ding X, Li M, Cheng B, Wei Z, Dong Y, Xu F. Microsphere sensors for characterizing stress fields within three-dimensional extracellular matrix. Acta Biomater 2022; 141:1-13. [PMID: 34979325 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress in the three-dimensional extracellular matrix is one of the key cues in regulating multiscale biological processes. Thus far, noticeable progress in methods and techniques (e.g., micropipette aspiration, AFM, and molecule probes) has been made to quantify stress in cell microenvironment at different length scales. Among them, the microsphere sensor-based method (MSS-based method) has emerged as an advantageous approach over conventional techniques in quantifying stress in situ and in vivo at cellular and supra-cellular scales. This method is implemented by seven sequential steps, including fabrication, modification, characterization, cell adhesion, imaging, displacement field extraction and stress calculation. Precise control of each step and inter-tunning between steps can provide quantitative characterization of stress field. However, detailed procedural information associated with each step and process has been scattered. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of MSS-based method, systematically summarizing the principles and research progresses. Firstly, the basic principles are introduced, and the specific experiment and calculation processes of MSS-based method are presented in detail. Then, recent advances and applications of this method are summarized. Finally, perspectives of the limitations and development trends of MSS-based method are discussed. This specific and comprehensive review would provide a guideline for the widespread application of MSS-based method as an advantageous method for in situ and in vivo stress characterization at cellular and supra-cellular scale within three-dimensional extracellular matrix. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this review, a method based on a microsphere sensor (MSS-based method) as an advantageous approach over conventional techniques in quantifying stress in situ and in vivo at cellular and supra-cellular scales is introduced and discussed. This technique is implemented by seven sequential steps, including fabrication, modification, characterization, cell junction, imaging, displacement field extraction, and stress calculation. Precise control of each step and inter-tunning between steps can provide quantitative stress field. However, detailed procedural information associated with each step has been scattered. Thus, a comprehensive review collating recent advances and perspective discussions is a necessity to introduce a better option for quantifying the stress field in biological processes at the cellular and supra-cellular scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Moxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, PR China
| | - Bo Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Zhao Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yuqing Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
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10
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Raghuraman S, Schubert A, Bröker S, Jurado A, Müller A, Brandt M, Vos BE, Hofemeier AD, Abbasi F, Stehling M, Wittkowski R, Ivaska J, Betz T. Pressure Drives Rapid Burst-Like Coordinated Cellular Motion from 3D Cancer Aggregates. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104808. [PMID: 34994086 PMCID: PMC8867140 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A key behavior observed during morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer invasion is that of collective and coordinated cellular motion. Hence, understanding the different aspects of such coordinated migration is fundamental for describing and treating cancer and other pathological defects. In general, individual cells exert forces on their environment in order to move, and collective motion is coordinated by cell-cell adhesion-based forces. However, this notion ignores other mechanisms that encourage cellular movement, such as pressure differences. Here, using model tumors, it is found that increased pressure drove coordinated cellular motion independent of cell-cell adhesion by triggering cell swelling in a soft extracellular matrix (ECM). In the resulting phenotype, a rapid burst-like stream of cervical cancer cells emerged from 3D aggregates embedded in soft collagen matrices (0.5 mg mL-1 ). This fluid-like pushing mechanism, recorded within 8 h after embedding, shows high cell velocities and super-diffusive motion. Because the swelling in this model system critically depends on integrin-mediated cell-ECM adhesions and cellular contractility, the swelling is likely triggered by unsustained mechanotransduction, providing new evidence that pressure-driven effects must be considered to more completely understand the mechanical forces involved in cell and tissue movement as well as invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Raghuraman
- Institute of Cell BiologyZMBEUniversity of MünsterVon‐Esmarch‐Straße 56D‐48149MünsterGermany
| | - Ann‐Sophie Schubert
- Institute of Cell BiologyZMBEUniversity of MünsterVon‐Esmarch‐Straße 56D‐48149MünsterGermany
| | - Stephan Bröker
- Institute of Theoretical PhysicsCenter for Soft NanoscienceUniversity of MünsterBusso‐Peus‐Str. 10D‐48149MünsterGermany
| | - Alejandro Jurado
- Institute of Cell BiologyZMBEUniversity of MünsterVon‐Esmarch‐Straße 56D‐48149MünsterGermany
- Third Physical InstituteUniversity of GöttingenFriedrich‐Hund‐Platz 1D‐37077GöttingenGermany
| | - Annika Müller
- Institute of Cell BiologyZMBEUniversity of MünsterVon‐Esmarch‐Straße 56D‐48149MünsterGermany
| | - Matthias Brandt
- Institute of Cell BiologyZMBEUniversity of MünsterVon‐Esmarch‐Straße 56D‐48149MünsterGermany
| | - Bart E. Vos
- Institute of Cell BiologyZMBEUniversity of MünsterVon‐Esmarch‐Straße 56D‐48149MünsterGermany
- Third Physical InstituteUniversity of GöttingenFriedrich‐Hund‐Platz 1D‐37077GöttingenGermany
| | - Arne D. Hofemeier
- Institute of Cell BiologyZMBEUniversity of MünsterVon‐Esmarch‐Straße 56D‐48149MünsterGermany
| | - Fatemeh Abbasi
- Institute of Cell BiologyZMBEUniversity of MünsterVon‐Esmarch‐Straße 56D‐48149MünsterGermany
- Third Physical InstituteUniversity of GöttingenFriedrich‐Hund‐Platz 1D‐37077GöttingenGermany
| | - Martin Stehling
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineRöntgenstraße 20D‐48149MünsterGermany
| | - Raphael Wittkowski
- Institute of Theoretical PhysicsCenter for Soft NanoscienceUniversity of MünsterBusso‐Peus‐Str. 10D‐48149MünsterGermany
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Biosience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFI‐20520Finland
- Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuTurkuFI‐20520Finland
| | - Timo Betz
- Institute of Cell BiologyZMBEUniversity of MünsterVon‐Esmarch‐Straße 56D‐48149MünsterGermany
- Third Physical InstituteUniversity of GöttingenFriedrich‐Hund‐Platz 1D‐37077GöttingenGermany
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11
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Moyle LA, Davoudi S, Gilbert PM. Innovation in culture systems to study muscle complexity. Exp Cell Res 2021; 411:112966. [PMID: 34906582 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous skeletal muscle development, regeneration, and pathology are extremely complex processes, influenced by local and systemic factors. Unpinning how these mechanisms function is crucial for fundamental biology and to develop therapeutic interventions for genetic disorders, but also conditions like sarcopenia and volumetric muscle loss. Ex vivo skeletal muscle models range from two- and three-dimensional primary cultures of satellite stem cell-derived myoblasts grown alone or in co-culture, to single muscle myofibers, myobundles, and whole tissues. Together, these systems provide the opportunity to gain mechanistic insights of stem cell behavior, cell-cell interactions, and mature muscle function in simplified systems, without confounding variables. Here, we highlight recent advances (published in the last 5 years) using in vitro primary cells and ex vivo skeletal muscle models, and summarize the new insights, tools, datasets, and screening methods they have provided. Finally, we highlight the opportunity for exponential advance of skeletal muscle knowledge, with spatiotemporal resolution, that is offered by guiding the study of muscle biology and physiology with in silico modelling and implementing high-content cell biology systems and ex vivo physiology platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Moyle
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Sadegh Davoudi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Penney M Gilbert
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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12
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Spörrer M, Kah D, Gerum RC, Reischl B, Huraskin D, Dessalles CA, Schneider W, Goldmann WH, Herrmann H, Thievessen I, Clemen CS, Friedrich O, Hashemolhosseini S, Schröder R, Fabry B. The desmin mutation R349P increases contractility and fragility of stem cell-generated muscle micro-tissues. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12784. [PMID: 34850968 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Desminopathies comprise hereditary myopathies and cardiomyopathies caused by mutations in the intermediate filament protein desmin that lead to severe and often lethal degeneration of striated muscle tissue. Animal and single cell studies hinted that this degeneration process is associated with massive ultrastructural defects correlating with increased susceptibility of the muscle to acute mechanical stress. The underlying mechanism of mechanical susceptibility, and how muscle degeneration develops over time, however, has remained elusive. METHODS Here, we investigated the effect of a desmin mutation on the formation, differentiation, and contractile function of in vitro-engineered three-dimensional micro-tissues grown from muscle stem cells (satellite cells) isolated from heterozygous R349P desmin knock-in mice. RESULTS Micro-tissues grown from desmin-mutated cells exhibited spontaneous unsynchronised contractions, higher contractile forces in response to electrical stimulation, and faster force recovery compared with tissues grown from wild-type cells. Within 1 week of culture, the majority of R349P desmin-mutated tissues disintegrated, whereas wild-type tissues remained intact over at least three weeks. Moreover, under tetanic stimulation lasting less than 5 s, desmin-mutated tissues partially or completely ruptured, whereas wild-type tissues did not display signs of damage. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the progressive degeneration of desmin-mutated micro-tissues is closely linked to extracellular matrix fibre breakage associated with increased contractile forces and unevenly distributed tensile stress. This suggests that the age-related degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscle in patients suffering from desminopathies may be similarly exacerbated by mechanical damage from high-intensity muscle contractions. We conclude that micro-tissues may provide a valuable tool for studying the organization of myocytes and the pathogenic mechanisms of myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Spörrer
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Delf Kah
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Richard C Gerum
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Reischl
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Danyil Huraskin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claire A Dessalles
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Werner Schneider
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Goldmann
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingo Thievessen
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph S Clemen
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany.,Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, FAU, Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Said Hashemolhosseini
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, FAU, Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rolf Schröder
- Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ben Fabry
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), FAU, Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Abudupataer M, Zhu S, Yan S, Xu K, Zhang J, Luo S, Ma W, Alam MF, Tang Y, Huang H, Chen N, Wang L, Yan G, Li J, Lai H, Wang C, Zhu K, Zhang W. Aorta smooth muscle-on-a-chip reveals impaired mitochondrial dynamics as a therapeutic target for aortic aneurysm in bicuspid aortic valve disease. eLife 2021; 10:69310. [PMID: 34486519 PMCID: PMC8451027 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiovascular disease in general population and is frequently associated with the development of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). There is no effective strategy to intervene with TAA progression due to an incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis. Insufficiency of NOTCH1 expression is highly related to BAV-TAA, but the underlying mechanism remains to be clarified. Methods: A comparative proteomics analysis was used to explore the biological differences between non-diseased and BAV-TAA aortic tissues. A microfluidics-based aorta smooth muscle-on-a-chip model was constructed to evaluate the effect of NOTCH1 deficiency on contractile phenotype and mitochondrial dynamics of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs). Results: Protein analyses of human aortic tissues showed the insufficient expression of NOTCH1 and impaired mitochondrial dynamics in BAV-TAA. HAoSMCs with NOTCH1-knockdown exhibited reduced contractile phenotype and were accompanied by attenuated mitochondrial fusion. Furthermore, we identified that mitochondrial fusion activators (leflunomide and teriflunomide) or mitochondrial fission inhibitor (Mdivi-1) partially rescued the disorders of mitochondrial dynamics in HAoSMCs derived from BAV-TAA patients. Conclusions: The aorta smooth muscle-on-a-chip model simulates the human pathophysiological parameters of aorta biomechanics and provides a platform for molecular mechanism studies of aortic disease and related drug screening. This aorta smooth muscle-on-a-chip model and human tissue proteomic analysis revealed that impaired mitochondrial dynamics could be a potential therapeutic target for BAV-TAA. Funding: National Key R and D Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project, Shanghai Science and Technology Commission, and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission. To function properly, the heart must remain a one-way system, pumping out oxygenated blood into the aorta – the largest artery in the body – so it can be distributed across the organism. The aortic valve, which sits at the entrance of the aorta, is a key component of this system. Its three flaps (or ‘cusps’) are pushed open when the blood exits the heart, and they shut tightly so it does not flow back in the incorrect direction. Nearly 1.4% of people around the world are born with ‘bicuspid’ aortic valves that only have two flaps. These valves may harden or become leaky, forcing the heart to work harder. This defect is also associated with bulges on the aorta which progressively weaken the artery, sometimes causing it to rupture. Open-heart surgery is currently the only way to treat these bulges (or ‘aneurysms’), as no drug exists that could slow down disease progression. This is partly because the biological processes involved in the aneurysms worsening and bursting open is unclear. Recent studies have highlighted that many individuals with bicuspid aortic valves also have lower levels of a protein known as NOTCH1, which plays a key signalling role for cells. Problems in the mitochondria – the structures that power up a cell – are also observed. However, it is not known how these findings are connected or linked with the aneurysms developing. To answer this question, Abudupataer et al. analyzed the proteins present in diseased and healthy aortic muscle cells, confirming a lower production of NOTCH1 and impaired mitochondria in diseased tissues. They also created an ‘aorta-on-a-chip’ model where aortic muscle cells were grown in the laboratory under conditions resembling those found in the body – including the rhythmic strain that the aorta is under because of the heart beating. Abudupataer et al. then reduced NOTCH1 levels in healthy samples, which made the muscle tissue less able to contract and reduced the activity of the mitochondria. Applying drugs that tweak mitochondrial activity helped tissues from patients with bicuspid aortic valves to work better. These compounds could potentially benefit individuals with deficient aortic valves, but experiments in animals and clinical trials would be needed first to confirm the results and assess safety. The aorta-on-a-chip model developed by Abudupataer et al. also provides a platform to screen for drugs and examine the molecular mechanisms at play in aortic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieradilijiang Abudupataer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichao Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqiang Yan
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kehua Xu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaman Luo
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenrui Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Md Fazle Alam
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyi Tang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoquan Yan
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Lai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Hobson CM, Aaron JS, Heddleston JM, Chew TL. Visualizing the Invisible: Advanced Optical Microscopy as a Tool to Measure Biomechanical Forces. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:706126. [PMID: 34552926 PMCID: PMC8450411 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.706126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of mechanical force in biology is evident across diverse length scales, ranging from tissue morphogenesis during embryo development to mechanotransduction across single adhesion proteins at the cell surface. Consequently, many force measurement techniques rely on optical microscopy to measure forces being applied by cells on their environment, to visualize specimen deformations due to external forces, or even to directly apply a physical perturbation to the sample via photoablation or optogenetic tools. Recent developments in advanced microscopy offer improved approaches to enhance spatiotemporal resolution, imaging depth, and sample viability. These advances can be coupled with already existing force measurement methods to improve sensitivity, duration and speed, amongst other parameters. However, gaining access to advanced microscopy instrumentation and the expertise necessary to extract meaningful insights from these techniques is an unavoidable hurdle. In this Live Cell Imaging special issue Review, we survey common microscopy-based force measurement techniques and examine how they can be bolstered by emerging microscopy methods. We further explore challenges related to the accompanying data analysis in biomechanical studies and discuss the various resources available to tackle the global issue of technology dissemination, an important avenue for biologists to gain access to pre-commercial instruments that can be leveraged for biomechanical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M. Hobson
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, United States
| | - Jesse S. Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, United States
| | - John M. Heddleston
- Cleveland Clinic Florida Research and Innovation Center, Port St. Lucie, FL, United States
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, United States
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15
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Blackburn DM, Lazure F, Soleimani VD. SMART approaches for genome-wide analyses of skeletal muscle stem and niche cells. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 56:284-300. [PMID: 33823731 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1908950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) also called satellite cells are the building blocks of skeletal muscle, the largest tissue in the human body which is formed primarily of myofibers. While MuSCs are the principal cells that directly contribute to the formation of the muscle fibers, their ability to do so depends on critical interactions with a vast array of nonmyogenic cells within their niche environment. Therefore, understanding the nature of communication between MuSCs and their niche is of key importance to understand how the skeletal muscle is maintained and regenerated after injury. MuSCs are rare and therefore difficult to study in vivo within the context of their niche environment. The advent of single-cell technologies, such as switching mechanism at 5' end of the RNA template (SMART) and tagmentation based technologies using hyperactive transposase, afford the unprecedented opportunity to perform whole transcriptome and epigenome studies on rare cells within their niche environment. In this review, we will delve into how single-cell technologies can be applied to the study of MuSCs and muscle-resident niche cells and the impact this can have on our understanding of MuSC biology and skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Blackburn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Felicia Lazure
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vahab D Soleimani
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
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