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Allen KR, Smith KA, Bird LA, Tenenbaum JB, Makin TR, Cowie D. Lifelong learning of cognitive styles for physical problem-solving: The effect of embodied experience. Psychon Bull Rev 2024; 31:1364-1375. [PMID: 38049575 PMCID: PMC11192818 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
'Embodied cognition' suggests that our bodily experiences broadly shape our cognitive capabilities. We study how embodied experience affects the abstract physical problem-solving styles people use in a virtual task where embodiment does not affect action capabilities. We compare how groups with different embodied experience - 25 children and 35 adults with congenital limb differences versus 45 children and 40 adults born with two hands - perform this task, and find that while there is no difference in overall competence, the groups use different cognitive styles to find solutions. People born with limb differences think more before acting but take fewer attempts to reach solutions. Conversely, development affects the particular actions children use, as well as their persistence with their current strategy. Our findings suggest that while development alters action choices and persistence, differences in embodied experience drive changes in the acquisition of cognitive styles for balancing acting with thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Allen
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT and Center for Brains, Minds, and Machines, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Kevin A Smith
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT and Center for Brains, Minds, and Machines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Joshua B Tenenbaum
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT and Center for Brains, Minds, and Machines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tamar R Makin
- MRC Cognition Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dorothy Cowie
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, UK
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Vigny S, Rubinstenn E, Michelin P, Sabatier T, Dhellemmes O, Duparc F, Auquit-Aukbur I, Lalevee M. Ultrasound identification of hand and wrist anatomical structures by hand surgeons new to ultrasonographic techniques. Surg Radiol Anat 2024; 46:795-804. [PMID: 38597950 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-024-03355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ultrasound is becoming an essential tool for hand surgeons, but most of them are trained on the job, without any diploma or dedicated training. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of hand surgeons new to ultrasound to identify hand and wrist anatomical structures. METHODS A monocentric study was conducted from January 2022 to April 2022. Ten residents and five attending hand surgeons, ultrasound novices, were involved in this study. The participants underwent two tests, wherein they were required to identify 17 anatomical structures using ultrasound, on the same subject. The second test was similar and carried out 2 to 6 weeks later by all participants. The number of structures successfully identified and if it was the case, the detection time per structure, were recorded. The correlations between participants age, years of surgical experience, surgical background (orthopedic or plastic) and the ability to perform immediately during the first test or to progress between the two tests were also assessed. RESULTS The average number of structures identified during the first test (T1) was 14.1+/-2.1 (82.9%), versus 16.2+/-0.8 (95.3%) structures during the second test (T2) (p = 0.001). The mean detection time per structure was 53.4 +/- 18.9 s during T1 versus 27.7 +/- 7.2 s during T2 (p < 0.0001). A moderate negative correlation between the progression in the number of anatomical structures identified between the two tests and the years of surgical experience (ρ=-0.56; p = 0.029) was found. The other parameters were neither correlated with the ability to perform at the first test nor with the progression between the two tests. CONCLUSION Hand surgeons new to ultrasound are most of the time able to identify hand and wrist anatomical structures. Comparison of their first and second tests showed significant potential for improvement in anatomical structure identification and detection time of those, especially in surgeons with limited surgical experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Vigny
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, 76000, France
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Rouen Normandy University, Rouen, 76000, France
| | - Eva Rubinstenn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, 76000, France
| | - Paul Michelin
- Department of Radiology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, 76000, France
- Rouen Normandy University, CETAPS, Mont Saint Aignan, UR 3832, 79821, France
| | - Thibaut Sabatier
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, 1073, F 76000, France
| | - Octave Dhellemmes
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, 76000, France
| | - Fabrice Duparc
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, 76000, France
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Rouen Normandy University, Rouen, 76000, France
- Rouen Normandy University, CETAPS, Mont Saint Aignan, UR 3832, 79821, France
| | | | - Matthieu Lalevee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, 76000, France.
- Rouen Normandy University, CETAPS, Mont Saint Aignan, UR 3832, 79821, France.
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Taubert M, Ziegler G, Lehmann N. Higher surface folding of the human premotor cortex is associated with better long-term learning capability. Commun Biol 2024; 7:635. [PMID: 38796622 PMCID: PMC11127997 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The capacity to learn enabled the human species to adapt to various challenging environmental conditions and pass important achievements on to the next generation. A growing body of research suggests links between neocortical folding properties and numerous aspects of human behavior, but their impact on enhanced human learning capacity remains unexplored. Here we leverage three training cohorts to demonstrate that higher levels of premotor cortical folding reliably predict individual long-term learning gains in a challenging new motor task, above and beyond initial performance differences. Individual folding-related predisposition to motor learning was found to be independent of cortical thickness and intracortical microstructure, but dependent on larger cortical surface area in premotor regions. We further show that learning-relevant features of cortical folding occurred in close spatial proximity to practice-induced structural brain plasticity. Our results suggest a link between neocortical surface folding and human behavioral adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Taubert
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Faculty of Humanities, Otto von Guericke University, Zschokkestraße 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral and Brain Science (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Collaborative Research Center 1436 Neural Resources of Cognition, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- Collaborative Research Center 1436 Neural Resources of Cognition, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Germany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nico Lehmann
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Faculty of Humanities, Otto von Guericke University, Zschokkestraße 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 1436 Neural Resources of Cognition, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Inubashiri N, Hagio S, Kouzaki M. Motor learning in multijoint virtual arm movements with novel kinematics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10421. [PMID: 38710897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans move their hands toward precise positions, a skill supported by the coordination of multiple joint movements, even in the presence of inherent redundancy. However, it remains unclear how the central nervous system learns the relationship between redundant joint movements and hand positions when starting from scratch. To address this question, a virtual-arm reaching task was performed in which participants were required to move a cursor corresponding to the hand of a virtual arm to a target. The joint angles of the virtual arm were determined by the heights of the participants' fingers. The results demonstrated that the participants moved the cursor to the target straighter and faster in the late phase than they did in the initial phase of learning. This improvement was accompanied by a reduction in the amount of angular changes in the virtual limb joint, predominantly characterized by an increased reliance on the virtual shoulder joint as opposed to the virtual wrist joint. These findings suggest that the central nervous system selects a combination of multijoint movements that minimize motor effort while learning novel upper-limb kinematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagisa Inubashiri
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shota Hagio
- Laboratory of Motor Control and Learning, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
- Unit of Synergetic Studies for Space, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Motoki Kouzaki
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Unit of Synergetic Studies for Space, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Improving Body Representation and Motor Skills with a Preschool Education Program: A Preliminary Study. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9010117. [PMID: 35053742 PMCID: PMC8774343 DOI: 10.3390/children9010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Body representation is described as a fundamental ability to build efficient motor skills. However, no structured and evidence-based program on body representation currently exists. This study assesses the effectiveness of a school-based body representation program (ENCOR: EN for ‘Enfant’ and COR for ‘Corps’ in French) on body representation abilities and motor skills in preschool children. ENCOR focus on body representation abilities as a foundational ability for motor skills. It was designed with teachers and occupational therapists to be autonomously achieved by teachers. Methods: Twenty-three children aged 5–6 years were included and provided with education interventions (control versus ENCOR). Results: Body representation accuracy and precision in localization increased by about 20% and 37%, respectively, in the intervention program compared to the control intervention. In the body part naming task, participants performed fewer of the most frequent errors (i.e., from 198 to 116 left-right discrimination errors). As expected, performance in the body representation tasks and the motor skills tasks were correlated at baseline. We show that motor skills improved after the ENCOR training. Conclusions: Given the need for evidence-based programs in schools, this program could efficiently help implementing body representation education on a large scale. Future studies should evaluate the effectiveness of the program on other cognitive abilities and academic outcomes.
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Going beyond primary motor cortex to improve brain–computer interfaces. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:176-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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