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Yin H, Ju Z, Zhang X, Zuo W, Yang Y, Zheng M, Zhang X, Liu Y, Peng Y, Xing Y, Yang A, Zhang R. Inhibition of METTL3 in macrophages provides protection against intestinal inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:589-603. [PMID: 38649449 PMCID: PMC11143309 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is prevalent, and no satisfactory therapeutic options are available because the mechanisms underlying its development are poorly understood. In this study, we discovered that increased expression of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) in macrophages was correlated with the development of colitis and that depletion of METTL3 in macrophages protected mice against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Mechanistic characterization indicated that METTL3 depletion increased the YTHDF3-mediated expression of phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGP), which resulted in glucose metabolism reprogramming and the suppression of CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1) cell differentiation. Further analysis revealed that glucose metabolism contributed to the ability of METTL3 depletion to ameliorate colitis symptoms. In addition, we developed two potent small molecule METTL3 inhibitors, namely, F039-0002 and 7460-0250, that strongly ameliorated DSS-induced colitis. Overall, our study suggests that METTL3 plays crucial roles in the progression of colitis and highlights the potential of targeting METTL3 to attenuate intestinal inflammation for the treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilong Yin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy Laboratory, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Zhuan Ju
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Wenjie Zuo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy Laboratory, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Yuhang Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy Laboratory, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Minhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yuning Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy Laboratory, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Yingran Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ying Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, China
| | - Angang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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Volpedo G, Pacheco-Fernandez T, Oljuskin T, Markle HL, Azodi N, Hamano S, Matlashewski G, Gannavaram S, Nakhasi HL, Satoskar AR. Leishmania mexicana centrin knockout parasites promote M1-polarizing metabolic changes. iScience 2023; 26:107594. [PMID: 37744404 PMCID: PMC10517399 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a tropical disease prevalent in 90 countries. Presently, there is no approved vaccine for human use. We developed a live attenuated L. mexicana Cen-/-(LmexCen-/-) strain as a vaccine candidate that showed excellent efficacy, characterized by reduced Th2 and enhanced Th1 responses in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, respectively, compared to wild-type L. mexicana (LmexWT) infection. Toward understanding the immune mechanisms of protection, we applied untargeted mass spectrometric analysis to LmexCen-/- and LmexWT infections. Data showed enrichment of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in ears immunized with LmexCen-/-versus naive and LmexWT infection. PPP promotes M1 polarization in macrophages, suggesting a switch to a pro-inflammatory phenotype following LmexCen-/- inoculation. Accordingly, PPP inhibition in macrophages infected with LmexCen-/- reduced the production of nitric oxide and interleukin (IL)-1β, hallmarks of classical activation. Overall, our study revealed the immune regulatory mechanisms that may be critical for the induction of protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Volpedo
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Thalia Pacheco-Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Timur Oljuskin
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hannah L. Markle
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nazli Azodi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Shinjiro Hamano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Leadership Program, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Greg Matlashewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hira L. Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, CBER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Abhay R. Satoskar
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Halvorson T, Tuomela K, Levings MK. Targeting regulatory T cell metabolism in disease: Novel therapeutic opportunities. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250002. [PMID: 36891988 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for immune homeostasis and suppression of pathological autoimmunity but can also play a detrimental role in cancer progression via inhibition of anti-tumor immunity. Thus, there is broad applicability for therapeutic Treg targeting, either to enhance function, for example, through adoptive cell therapy (ACT), or to inhibit function with small molecules or antibody-mediated blockade. For both of these strategies, the metabolic state of Tregs is an important consideration since cellular metabolism is intricately linked to function. Mounting evidence has shown that targeting metabolic pathways can selectively promote or inhibit Treg function. This review aims to synthesize the current understanding of Treg metabolism and discuss emerging metabolic targeting strategies in the contexts of transplantation, autoimmunity, and cancer. We discuss approaches to gene editing and cell culture to manipulate Treg metabolism during ex vivo expansion for ACT, as well as in vivo nutritional and pharmacological interventions to modulate Treg metabolism in disease states. Overall, the intricate connection between metabolism and phenotype presents a powerful opportunity to therapeutically tune Treg function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torin Halvorson
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karoliina Tuomela
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan K Levings
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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TeSlaa T, Ralser M, Fan J, Rabinowitz JD. The pentose phosphate pathway in health and disease. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1275-1289. [PMID: 37612403 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a glucose-oxidizing pathway that runs in parallel to upper glycolysis to produce ribose 5-phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Ribose 5-phosphate is used for nucleotide synthesis, while NADPH is involved in redox homoeostasis as well as in promoting biosynthetic processes, such as the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate, deoxyribonucleotides, proline, fatty acids and cholesterol. Through NADPH, the PPP plays a critical role in suppressing oxidative stress, including in certain cancers, in which PPP inhibition may be therapeutically useful. Conversely, PPP-derived NADPH also supports purposeful cellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) for signalling and pathogen killing. Genetic deficiencies in the PPP occur relatively commonly in the committed pathway enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). G6PD deficiency typically manifests as haemolytic anaemia due to red cell oxidative damage but, in severe cases, also results in infections due to lack of leucocyte oxidative burst, highlighting the dual redox roles of the pathway in free radical production and detoxification. This Review discusses the PPP in mammals, covering its roles in biochemistry, physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara TeSlaa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Markus Ralser
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jing Fan
- Morgride Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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Xiao C, Xiong W, Xu Y, Zou J, Zeng Y, Liu J, Peng Y, Hu C, Wu F. Immunometabolism: a new dimension in immunotherapy resistance. Front Med 2023; 17:585-616. [PMID: 37725232 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated unparalleled clinical responses and revolutionized the paradigm of tumor treatment, while substantial patients remain unresponsive or develop resistance to ICIs as a single agent, which is traceable to cellular metabolic dysfunction. Although dysregulated metabolism has long been adjudged as a hallmark of tumor, it is now increasingly accepted that metabolic reprogramming is not exclusive to tumor cells but is also characteristic of immunocytes. Correspondingly, people used to pay more attention to the effect of tumor cell metabolism on immunocytes, but in practice immunocytes interact intimately with their own metabolic function in a way that has never been realized before during their activation and differentiation, which opens up a whole new frontier called immunometabolism. The metabolic intervention for tumor-infiltrating immunocytes could offer fresh opportunities to break the resistance and ameliorate existing ICI immunotherapy, whose crux might be to ascertain synergistic combinations of metabolic intervention with ICIs to reap synergic benefits and facilitate an adjusted anti-tumor immune response. Herein, we elaborate potential mechanisms underlying immunotherapy resistance from a novel dimension of metabolic reprogramming in diverse tumor-infiltrating immunocytes, and related metabolic intervention in the hope of offering a reference for targeting metabolic vulnerabilities to circumvent immunotherapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Xiao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yiting Xu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ji'an Zou
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yurong Peng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Cancer Mega-Data Intelligent Application and Engineering Research Centre, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
- Hunan Cancer Mega-Data Intelligent Application and Engineering Research Centre, Changsha, 410011, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy in Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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Zhang F, Wu Z, Yu B, Ning Z, Lu Z, Li L, Long F, Hu Q, Zhong C, Zhang Y, Lin C. ATP13A2 activates the pentose phosphate pathway to promote colorectal cancer growth though TFEB-PGD axis. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1272. [PMID: 37243374 PMCID: PMC10220388 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is an important mechanism by which tumour cells resist stressful environments and maintain malignant proliferation. However, the mechanism by which the PPP regulates these processes in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elusive. METHODS Closely related PPP genes were obtained from the TCGA and GEO databases. The effect of ATP13A2 on CRC cell proliferation was evaluated by performing in vitro assays. The connection between the PPP and ATP13A2 was explored by assessing proliferation and antioxidative stress. The molecular mechanism by which ATP13A2 regulates the PPP was investigated using chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase experiments. The clinical therapeutic potential of ATP13A2 was explored using patient-derived xenograft (PDX), patient-derived organoid (PDO) and AOM/DSS models. FINDINGS We identified ATP13A2 as a novel PPP-related gene. ATP13A2 deficiency inhibited CRC growth and PPP activity, as manifested by a decrease in the levels of PPP products and an increase in reactive oxygen species levels, whereas ATP13A2 overexpression induced the opposite effect. Mechanistically, ATP13A2 regulated the PPP mainly by affecting phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) mRNA expression. Subsequent studies showed that ATP13A2 overexpression promoted TFEB nuclear localization by inhibiting the phosphorylation of TFEB, thereby enhancing the transcription of PGD and ultimately affecting the activity of the PPP. Finally, ATP13A2 knockdown inhibited CRC growth in PDO and PDX models. ATP13A2- /- mice had a lower CRC growth capacity than ATP13A2+/+ in the AOM/DSS model.Our findings revealed that ATP13A2 overexpression-driven dephosphorylation of TFEB promotes PPP activation by increasing PGD transcription, suggesting that ATP13A2 may serve as a potential target for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Bowen Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhengping Ning
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhixing Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia and Enterofistula SurgeryPeople's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNaningChina
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Fei Long
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Qionggui Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Chonglei Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryAfliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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Chen K, Tang L, Nong X. Artesunate targets cellular metabolism to regulate the Th17/Treg cell balance. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1037-1050. [PMID: 37024544 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic reprogramming is one of the important mechanisms of cell differentiation, and different cells have different preferences for energy sources. During the differentiation of naive CD4 + T cells into Th17 and Treg cells, these cells show specific energy metabolism characteristics. Th17 cells depend on enhanced glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, and glutaminolysis. In contrast, Treg cells are dependent on oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid depletion. As a potent antimalarial drug, artesunate has been shown to modulate the Th17/Treg imbalance and regulate cell metabolism. METHODOLOGY Relevant literatures on ART, cellular metabolism, glycolysis, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, CD4 + T cells, Th17 cells, and Treg cells published from January 1, 2010 to now were searched in PubMed database. CONCLUSION In this review, we will highlight recent advances in which artesunate can restore the Th17/Treg imbalance in disease states by altering T-cell metabolism to influence differentiation and lineage selection. Data from the current study show that few studies have focused on the effect of ART on cellular metabolism. ART can affect the metabolic characteristics of T cells (glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism) and interfere with their differentiation lineage, thereby regulating the balance of Th17/Treg and alleviating the symptoms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liying Tang
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Nong
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Kummola L, Salomaa T, Ortutay Z, Savan R, Young HA, Junttila IS. IL-4, IL-13 and IFN-γ -induced genes in highly purified human neutrophils. Cytokine 2023; 164:156159. [PMID: 36809715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 are related cytokines with well-known specific roles in type 2 immune response. However, their effects on neutrophils are not completely understood. For this, we studied human primary neutrophil responses to IL-4 and IL-13. Neutrophils are dose-dependently responsive to both IL-4 and IL-13 as indicated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) phosphorylation upon stimulation, with IL-4 being more potent inducer of STAT6. IL-4-, IL-13- and Interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated gene expression in highly purified human neutrophils induced both overlapping and unique gene expression in highly purified human neutrophils. IL-4 and IL-13 specifically regulate several immune-related genes, including IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), while type1 immune response-related IFN-γ induced gene expression related for example, to intracellular infections. In analysis of neutrophil metabolic responses, oxygen independent glycolysis was specifically regulated by IL-4, but not by IL-13 or IFN-γ, suggesting specific role for type I IL-4 receptor in this process. Our results provide a comprehensive analysis of IL-4, IL-13 and IFN-γ -induced gene expression in neutrophils while also addressing cytokine-mediated metabolic changes in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kummola
- Biodiversity Interventions for Well-being, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tanja Salomaa
- Cytokine Biology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Ram Savan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 98195 Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Howard A Young
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 21702 Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ilkka S Junttila
- Cytokine Biology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Northern Finland Laboratory Centre (NordLab), 90220 Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland.
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Nanjireddy PM, Olejniczak SH, Buxbaum NP. Targeting of chimeric antigen receptor T cell metabolism to improve therapeutic outcomes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1121565. [PMID: 36999013 PMCID: PMC10043186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1121565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells can cure patients with cancers that are refractory to standard therapeutic approaches. To date, adoptive cell therapies have been less effective against solid tumors, largely due to impaired homing and function of immune cells within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Cellular metabolism plays a key role in T cell function and survival and is amenable to manipulation. This manuscript provides an overview of known aspects of CAR T metabolism and describes potential approaches to manipulate metabolic features of CAR T to yield better anti-tumor responses. Distinct T cell phenotypes that are linked to cellular metabolism profiles are associated with improved anti-tumor responses. Several steps within the CAR T manufacture process are amenable to interventions that can generate and maintain favorable intracellular metabolism phenotypes. For example, co-stimulatory signaling is executed through metabolic rewiring. Use of metabolic regulators during CAR T expansion or systemically in the patient following adoptive transfer are described as potential approaches to generate and maintain metabolic states that can confer improved in vivo T cell function and persistence. Cytokine and nutrient selection during the expansion process can be tailored to yield CAR T products with more favorable metabolic features. In summary, improved understanding of CAR T cellular metabolism and its manipulations have the potential to guide the development of more effective adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Maridhi Nanjireddy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Pediatric Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Immunology Department, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Scott H. Olejniczak
- Immunology Department, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Nataliya Prokopenko Buxbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Nataliya Prokopenko Buxbaum,
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Liao K, Cui Z, Wang Z, Peng Y, Tang S, Chen J. Hyperosmolar Potassium Inhibits Corneal Myofibroblast Transformation and Prevent Corneal Scar. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:238-250. [PMID: 36149345 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2129072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Corneal myofibroblasts play a crucial role in the process of corneal scarring. Potassium has been documented to reduce skin scar tissue formation. Herein, we investigated the ability of potassium to prevent corneal fibrosis in cell culture and in vivo. METHODS Corneal fibroblasts (CFs) were isolated from the corneal limbus and treated with TGF-β1 to transform into corneal myofibroblasts. Corneal myofibroblast markers were detected by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. The contractive functions of corneal myofibroblast were evaluated by the scratch assay and the collagen gel contraction assay. RNA sequencing in corneal fibroblasts was performed to explore the mechanisms underlying hyperosmolar potassium treatment. GO and KEGG analysis were performed to explore the underlying mechanism by hyperosmolar potassium treatment. The ATP detection assay assessed the level of cell metabolism. KCl eye drops four times per day were administered to mice models of corneal injury to evaluate the ability to prevent corneal scar formation. Corneal opacity area was evaluated by Image J software. RESULTS Treatment with hyperosmolar potassium could suppress corneal myofibroblast transformation and collagen I synthesis induced by TGF-β1 in cell culture. Hyperosmolar potassium could inhibit wound healing and gel contraction in CFs. RNA sequencing results suggested that genes involved in the metabolic pathway were downregulated after KCl treatment. ATP levels were significantly decreased in the KCl group compared with the control group. Hyperosmolar potassium could prevent corneal myofibroblast transformation after corneal injury and corneal scar formation in mice. CONCLUSION Potassium can suppress corneal myofibroblast transformation and collagen I protein synthesis. Moreover, given that KCl eye drops can prevent corneal scar formation, it has been suggested to have huge prospects as a novel treatment approach during clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liao
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zekai Cui
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Das Gupta K, Ramnath D, von Pein JB, Curson JEB, Wang Y, Abrol R, Kakkanat A, Moradi SV, Gunther KS, Murthy AMV, Stocks CJ, Kapetanovic R, Reid RC, Iyer A, Ilka ZC, Nauseef WM, Plan M, Luo L, Stow JL, Schroder K, Karunakaran D, Alexandrov K, Shakespear MR, Schembri MA, Fairlie DP, Sweet MJ. HDAC7 is an immunometabolic switch triaging danger signals for engagement of antimicrobial versus inflammatory responses in macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2212813120. [PMID: 36649417 PMCID: PMC9942870 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212813120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system must be able to respond to a myriad of different threats, each requiring a distinct type of response. Here, we demonstrate that the cytoplasmic lysine deacetylase HDAC7 in macrophages is a metabolic switch that triages danger signals to enable the most appropriate immune response. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and soluble signals indicating distal or far-away danger trigger HDAC7-dependent glycolysis and proinflammatory IL-1β production. In contrast, HDAC7 initiates the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) for NADPH and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in response to the more proximal threat of nearby bacteria, as exemplified by studies on uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). HDAC7-mediated PPP engagement via 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) generates NADPH for antimicrobial ROS production, as well as D-ribulose-5-phosphate (RL5P) that both synergizes with ROS for UPEC killing and suppresses selective inflammatory responses. This dual functionality of the HDAC7-6PGD-RL5P axis prioritizes responses to proximal threats. Our findings thus reveal that the PPP metabolite RL5P has both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities and that engagement of enzymes in catabolic versus anabolic metabolic pathways triages responses to different types of danger for generation of inflammatory versus antimicrobial responses, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Das Gupta
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Divya Ramnath
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Jessica B. von Pein
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - James E. B. Curson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Rishika Abrol
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Asha Kakkanat
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Shayli Varasteh Moradi
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation-Queensland University of Technology Synthetic Biology Alliance, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD4001, Australia
| | - Kimberley S. Gunther
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Ambika M. V. Murthy
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Claudia J. Stocks
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Ronan Kapetanovic
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Robert C. Reid
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Abishek Iyer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Zoe C. Ilka
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - William M. Nauseef
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Manuel Plan
- Metabolomics Australia (Queensland Node), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Lin Luo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Denuja Karunakaran
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Kirill Alexandrov
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation-Queensland University of Technology Synthetic Biology Alliance, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD4001, Australia
| | - Melanie R. Shakespear
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Mark A. Schembri
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
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12
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Pan H, Huo L, Shen W, Dai Z, Bao Y, Ji C, Zhang J. Study on the protective effect of berberine treatment on sepsis based on gut microbiota and metabolomic analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1049106. [PMID: 36601077 PMCID: PMC9806126 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1049106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sepsis, an infection with multiorgan dysfunction, is a serious burden on human health. Berberine (BBR), a bioactive component, has a protective effect on sepsis and the effect may be related to gut microbiota. However, studies on the role of BBR with gut microbiota in sepsis are lacking. Therefore, this study investigated the ameliorative effects and the underlying mechanisms of BBR on cecal ligature and puncture (CLP) rats. Methods This study has observed the effect of BBR on pathological injury, Inflammation, intestinal barrier function, gut microbiota, and metabolite change in CLP rats by Hematoxylin-eosin staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, flow cytometry, 16S rDNA, and metabolomics analyses. Results The inhibition effects of BBR treatment on the histological damage of the lung, kidney, and ileum, the interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-17A, and monocyte chemokine-1 levels in serum in CLP rats were proved. Also, the BBR inhibited the diamine-oxidase and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 40 levels, suggesting it can improve intestinal barrier function disorders. The cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+, CD8+, and CD25+ Forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) + T lymphocytes in splenocytes were up-regulated by BBR, while the IL-17A+CD4+ cell level was decreased. The abundance of gut microbiota in CLP rats was significantly different from that of the sham and BBR treatment rats. The significantly changed metabolites in the serum mainly included carbohydrates, phenols, benzoic acids, alcohols, vitamins et al. Additionally, this study predicted that the biological mechanism of BBR to ameliorate sepsis involves glycolysis-, nucleotide-, and amino acid-related metabolic pathways. Discussion This study proved the strong correlation between the improvement effect of BBR on sepsis and gut microbiota and analyzed by metabolomics that gut microbiota may improve CLP rats through metabolites, providing a scientific basis for BBR to improve sepsis and a new direction for the study of the biological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Pan
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lixia Huo
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiyun Shen
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuquan Dai
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Bao
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaohui Ji
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Jie Zhang
| | - Jie Zhang
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China,Chaohui Ji
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13
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Mao W. Overcoming current challenges to T-cell receptor therapy via metabolic targeting to increase antitumor efficacy, durability, and tolerability. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1056622. [PMID: 36479131 PMCID: PMC9720167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1056622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumor potential of personalized immunotherapy, including adoptive T-cell therapy, has been shown in both preclinical and clinical studies. Combining cell therapy with targeted metabolic interventions can further enhance therapeutic outcomes in terms of magnitude and durability. The ability of a T cell receptor to recognize peptides derived from tumor neoantigens allows for a robust yet specific response against cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. However, there exist challenges to adoptive T cell therapy such as a suppressive tumor milieu, the fitness and survival of transferred cells, and tumor escape, all of which can be targeted to further enhance the antitumor potential of T cell receptor-engineered T cell (TCR-T) therapy. Here, we explore current strategies involving metabolic reprogramming of both the tumor microenvironment and the cell product, which can lead to increased T cell proliferation, survival, and anti-tumor cytotoxicity. In addition, we highlight potential metabolic pathways and targets which can be leveraged to improve engraftment of transferred cells and obviate the need for lymphodepletion, while minimizing off-target effects. Metabolic signaling is delicately balanced, and we demonstrate the need for thoughtful and precise interventions that are tailored for the unique characteristics of each tumor. Through improved understanding of the interplay between immunometabolism, tumor resistance, and T cell signaling, we can improve current treatment regimens and open the door to potential synergistic combinations.
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14
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Liu T, Qi J, Wu H, Wang L, Zhu L, Qin C, Zhang J, Zhu Q. Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase is a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:993503. [PMID: 36338768 PMCID: PMC9632284 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.993503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) is involved in the regulation of various tumors. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood. This study tried to determine the prognostic efficacy of PGD and its value for immunotherapy in HCC. Methods The data from the TCGA database was used to explore the predictive power of PGD expression and methylation on the overall survival (OS) of HCC through Cox regression and the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Then, we used the GEO and ICGC database to further verify the predictive power. Finally, the relationship between PGD and immune cells and the relationship between PGD and the efficacy of immunotherapy were explored through bioinformatics analysis in HCC. Results PGD is highly expressed in HCC tissues, which is negatively regulated by PGD methylation. Low PGD expression and PGD hypermethylation predict better OS in HCC patients. Besides, a meta-analysis based on the TCGA, GSE14520, and ICGC databases further confirms that low PGD expression is closely related to favorable OS. Then, we find significant differences of immune cell infiltrations between high and low PGD expression groups. Expressions of immune checkpoints, most HLA members and tumor mutation burden (TMB) are higher in the high PGD expression group, which indicates beneficial efficacy of immunotherapy in this group. And the potential mechanisms of PGD are exhibited. Conclusion PGD is an independent prognostic factor of HCC patients and plays an important role in immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy, which indicates that PGD can be used as a predictive biomarker for HCC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, China
| | - Jianni Qi
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, China
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Le Wang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, China
- Department of Health Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lihui Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengyong Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Health Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Zhu, ; Jiao Zhang,
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Zhu, ; Jiao Zhang,
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15
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NADPH and Mitochondrial Quality Control as Targets for a Circadian-Based Fasting and Exercise Therapy for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152416. [PMID: 35954260 PMCID: PMC9367803 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional mitochondrial quality control (MQC) is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The improper selection of mitochondria for mitophagy increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and lowers ATP levels. The downstream effects include oxidative damage, failure to maintain proteostasis and ion gradients, and decreased NAD+ and NADPH levels, resulting in insufficient energy metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis. A ketosis-based metabolic therapy that increases the levels of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) may reverse the dysfunctional MQC by partially replacing glucose as an energy source, by stimulating mitophagy, and by decreasing inflammation. Fasting can potentially raise cytoplasmic NADPH levels by increasing the mitochondrial export and cytoplasmic metabolism of ketone body-derived citrate that increases flux through isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1). NADPH is an essential cofactor for nitric oxide synthase, and the nitric oxide synthesized can diffuse into the mitochondrial matrix and react with electron transport chain-synthesized superoxide to form peroxynitrite. Excessive superoxide and peroxynitrite production can cause the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) to depolarize the mitochondria and activate PINK1-dependent mitophagy. Both fasting and exercise increase ketogenesis and increase the cellular NAD+/NADH ratio, both of which are beneficial for neuronal metabolism. In addition, both fasting and exercise engage the adaptive cellular stress response signaling pathways that protect neurons against the oxidative and proteotoxic stress implicated in PD. Here, we discuss how intermittent fasting from the evening meal through to the next-day lunch together with morning exercise, when circadian NAD+/NADH is most oxidized, circadian NADP+/NADPH is most reduced, and circadian mitophagy gene expression is high, may slow the progression of PD.
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