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Gamblin CL, Alende C, Corriveau F, Jetté A, Parent-Prévost F, Biehler C, Majeau N, Laurin M, Laprise P. The polarity protein Yurt associates with the plasma membrane via basic and hydrophobic motifs embedded in its FERM domain. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261691. [PMID: 38682269 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The subcellular distribution of the polarity protein Yurt (Yrt) is subjected to a spatio-temporal regulation in Drosophila melanogaster embryonic epithelia. After cellularization, Yrt binds to the lateral membrane of ectodermal cells and maintains this localization throughout embryogenesis. During terminal differentiation of the epidermis, Yrt accumulates at septate junctions and is also recruited to the apical domain. Although the mechanisms through which Yrt associates with septate junctions and the apical domain have been deciphered, how Yrt binds to the lateral membrane remains as an outstanding puzzle. Here, we show that the FERM domain of Yrt is necessary and sufficient for membrane localization. Our data also establish that the FERM domain of Yrt directly binds negatively charged phospholipids. Moreover, we demonstrate that positively charged amino acid motifs embedded within the FERM domain mediates Yrt membrane association. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting that Yrt membrane association is functionally important. Overall, our study highlights the molecular basis of how Yrt associates with the lateral membrane during the developmental time window where it is required for segregation of lateral and apical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence L Gamblin
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, 9 McMahon, Quebec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- axe Oncologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-UL, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Charles Alende
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, 9 McMahon, Quebec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- axe Oncologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-UL, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - François Corriveau
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, 9 McMahon, Quebec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- axe Oncologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-UL, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Alexandra Jetté
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, 9 McMahon, Quebec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- axe Oncologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-UL, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Frédérique Parent-Prévost
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, 9 McMahon, Quebec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- axe Oncologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-UL, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Cornélia Biehler
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, 9 McMahon, Quebec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- axe Oncologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-UL, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Nathalie Majeau
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, 9 McMahon, Quebec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- axe Oncologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-UL, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Mélanie Laurin
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, 9 McMahon, Quebec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- axe Oncologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-UL, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
- Département de biologie moléculaire, de biochimie médicale et de pathologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Patrick Laprise
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, 9 McMahon, Quebec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
- axe Oncologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-UL, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
- Département de biologie moléculaire, de biochimie médicale et de pathologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Tokamov SA, Nouri N, Rich A, Buiter S, Glotzer M, Fehon RG. Apical polarity and actomyosin dynamics control Kibra subcellular localization and function in Drosophila Hippo signaling. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1864-1879.e4. [PMID: 37729921 PMCID: PMC10591919 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of tissue growth that integrates inputs from both polarity and actomyosin networks. An upstream activator of the Hippo pathway, Kibra, localizes at the junctional and medial regions of the apical cortex in epithelial cells, and medial accumulation promotes Kibra activity. Here, we demonstrate that cortical Kibra distribution is controlled by a tug-of-war between apical polarity and actomyosin dynamics. We show that while the apical polarity network, in part via atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), tethers Kibra at the junctional cortex to silence its activity, medial actomyosin flows promote Kibra-mediated Hippo complex formation at the medial cortex, thereby activating the Hippo pathway. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of the relationship between the Hippo pathway, polarity, and actomyosin cytoskeleton, and it offers novel insights into how fundamental features of epithelial tissue architecture can serve as inputs into signaling cascades that control tissue growth, patterning, and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherzod A Tokamov
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nicki Nouri
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ashley Rich
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Stephan Buiter
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael Glotzer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Richard G Fehon
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Francou A, Anderson KV, Hadjantonakis AK. A ratchet-like apical constriction drives cell ingression during the mouse gastrulation EMT. eLife 2023; 12:e84019. [PMID: 37162187 PMCID: PMC10171865 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process whereby epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal phenotypes and the ability to migrate. EMT is the hallmark of gastrulation, an evolutionarily conserved developmental process. In mammals, epiblast cells ingress at the primitive streak to form mesoderm. Cells ingress and exit the epiblast epithelial layer and the associated EMT is dynamically regulated and involves a stereotypical sequence of cell behaviors. 3D time-lapse imaging of gastrulating mouse embryos combined with cell and tissue scale data analyses revealed the asynchronous ingression of epiblast cells at the primitive streak. Ingressing cells constrict their apical surfaces in a pulsed ratchet-like fashion through asynchronous shrinkage of apical junctions. A quantitative analysis of the distribution of apical proteins revealed the anisotropic and reciprocal enrichment of members of the actomyosin network and Crumbs2 complexes, potential regulators of asynchronous shrinkage of cell junctions. Loss of function analyses demonstrated a requirement for Crumbs2 in myosin II localization and activity at apical junctions, and as a candidate regulator of actomyosin anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Francou
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Kathryn V Anderson
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkUnited States
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Bischoff MC, Peifer M. Cell biology: Keeping the epithelium together when your neighbor divides. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R1025-R1027. [PMID: 36283349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The dramatic cell-shape changes involved in mitosis and cell division challenge the integrity of epithelial tissues. A new study reveals a surprising role for atypical protein kinase C in keeping apical contractility in balance and thus preventing epithelial disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik C Bischoff
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Mark Peifer
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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5
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Osswald M, Barros-Carvalho A, Carmo AM, Loyer N, Gracio PC, Sunkel CE, Homem CCF, Januschke J, Morais-de-Sá E. aPKC regulates apical constriction to prevent tissue rupture in the Drosophila follicular epithelium. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4411-4427.e8. [PMID: 36113470 PMCID: PMC9632327 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Apical-basal polarity is an essential epithelial trait controlled by the evolutionarily conserved PAR-aPKC polarity network. Dysregulation of polarity proteins disrupts tissue organization during development and in disease, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear due to the broad implications of polarity loss. Here, we uncover how Drosophila aPKC maintains epithelial architecture by directly observing tissue disorganization after fast optogenetic inactivation in living adult flies and ovaries cultured ex vivo. We show that fast aPKC perturbation in the proliferative follicular epithelium produces large epithelial gaps that result from increased apical constriction, rather than loss of apical-basal polarity. Accordingly, we can modulate the incidence of epithelial gaps by increasing and decreasing actomyosin-driven contractility. We traced the origin of these large epithelial gaps to tissue rupture next to dividing cells. Live imaging shows that aPKC perturbation induces apical constriction in non-mitotic cells within minutes, producing pulling forces that ultimately detach dividing and neighboring cells. We further demonstrate that epithelial rupture requires a global increase of apical constriction, as it is prevented by the presence of non-constricting cells. Conversely, a global induction of apical tension through light-induced recruitment of RhoGEF2 to the apical side is sufficient to produce tissue rupture. Hence, our work reveals that the roles of aPKC in polarity and actomyosin regulation are separable and provides the first in vivo evidence that excessive tissue stress can break the epithelial barrier during proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Osswald
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - André Barros-Carvalho
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M Carmo
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nicolas Loyer
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD5 1EH, UK
| | - Patricia C Gracio
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-199 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Claudio E Sunkel
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina C F Homem
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-199 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jens Januschke
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD5 1EH, UK
| | - Eurico Morais-de-Sá
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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6
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Apical-basal polarity and the control of epithelial form and function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:559-577. [PMID: 35440694 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cells are the most common cell type in all animals, forming the sheets and tubes that compose most organs and tissues. Apical-basal polarity is essential for epithelial cell form and function, as it determines the localization of the adhesion molecules that hold the cells together laterally and the occluding junctions that act as barriers to paracellular diffusion. Polarity must also target the secretion of specific cargoes to the apical, lateral or basal membranes and organize the cytoskeleton and internal architecture of the cell. Apical-basal polarity in many cells is established by conserved polarity factors that define the apical (Crumbs, Stardust/PALS1, aPKC, PAR-6 and CDC42), junctional (PAR-3) and lateral (Scribble, DLG, LGL, Yurt and RhoGAP19D) domains, although recent evidence indicates that not all epithelia polarize by the same mechanism. Research has begun to reveal the dynamic interactions between polarity factors and how they contribute to polarity establishment and maintenance. Elucidating these mechanisms is essential to better understand the roles of apical-basal polarity in morphogenesis and how defects in polarity contribute to diseases such as cancer.
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