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Molto-Martin I, Neil DM, Coates CJ, MacKenzie SA, Bass D, Stentiford GD, Albalat A. Infection of Norway lobster ( Nephrops norvegicus) by the parasite Hematodinium sp.: insights from 30 years of field observations. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231147. [PMID: 38234432 PMCID: PMC10791531 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, is an important representative of the benthos and also supports valuable fisheries across Europe. Nephrops are susceptible to infection by Hematodinium sp., an endoparasitic dinoflagellate that causes morbidity and mortality. From an epizootiological perspective, the Clyde Sea Area (CSA; west of Scotland) is the best-studied Hematodinium-Nephrops pathosystem, with historical data available between 1988 and 2008. We have revisited this pathosystem by curating and updating prevalence values, differentiating host traits associated with disease exposure and progression, and comparing Hematodinium sp. disease dynamics in the CSA to other locations and to other decapod hosts (Cancer pagurus, Carcinus maenas). Prevalence from a 2018/2019 survey (involving 1739 lobsters) revealed Hematodinium sp. still mounts a synchronized patent infection in the CSA; hence this pathogen can be considered as enzootic in this location. We highlight for the first time that Nephrops size is associated with high severity infection, while females are more exposed to Hematodinium sp. More generally, regardless of the host (Norway lobster, brown and shore crabs) or the geographical area (Ireland, Wales, Scotland), Hematodinium sp. patent infections peak in spring/summer and reach their nadir during autumn. We contend that Hematodinium must be considered one of the most important pathogens of decapod crustaceans in temperate waters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas M. Neil
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Christopher J. Coates
- Zoology and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Grant D. Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Amaya Albalat
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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Alimin AWF, Yusoff NAH, Kadriah IAK, Anshary H, Abdullah F, Jabir N, Susianingsih E, Hassan M. Parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium in marine decapod crustaceans: a review on current knowledge and future perspectives. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:49. [PMID: 38095702 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic dinoflagellates of the genus Hematodinium are known to infect various marine crustaceans worldwide, especially crabs and several species of shrimp and lobster. Some of these species are new host species and components of commercial fishery products. These parasitic species are predominantly found in the hemolymph of the host and cause pathological changes and functional damage to organs and tissues, leading to death. In recent years, these parasites have infected important commercially valuable species, particularly in European waters, US waters, Australian waters, and recently in Shandong Peninsula in China. These Hematodinium pathogens were also reported to affect wild shrimp in Chinese waters and in the English North Sea. These rapid spreads affect crustacean aquaculture industries, where they are indeed a significant threat to the sustainability of the aquaculture of important crustaceans. The fishery products industries are also under pressure from the invasion of this pathogen, as the crab meat produced has a bitter taste, which may reduce its marketability. In response to these threats, this review was aimed at providing a broader understanding of the development of parasite distribution and ecological aspects of Hematodinium. In addition, the interaction of these pathogens with their hosts, the environmental drivers of Hematodinium disease, and future research perspectives were discussed.
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Grants
- Vot 63933 and 56053 Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) program, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
- Vot 63933 and 56053 Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) program, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
- Vot 63933 and 56053 Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) program, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
- Vot 63933 and 56053 Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) program, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
- Vot 63933 and 56053 Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) program, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
- Vot 63933 and 56053 Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) program, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
- Vot 63933 and 56053 Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) program, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
- Vot 63933 and 56053 Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE) program, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
- Vot 55318 International Partnership Research Grant, University Malaysia Terengganu (IPRG)
- Vot 55318 International Partnership Research Grant, University Malaysia Terengganu (IPRG)
- Vot 55318 International Partnership Research Grant, University Malaysia Terengganu (IPRG)
- Vot 55318 International Partnership Research Grant, University Malaysia Terengganu (IPRG)
- Vot 55318 International Partnership Research Grant, University Malaysia Terengganu (IPRG)
- Vot 55318 International Partnership Research Grant, University Malaysia Terengganu (IPRG)
- Vot 55318 International Partnership Research Grant, University Malaysia Terengganu (IPRG)
- Vot 55318 International Partnership Research Grant, University Malaysia Terengganu (IPRG)
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Affiliation(s)
- Ade Wahyul Fajri Alimin
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Research Centre of Fisheries, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM. 46, Kab. Bogor, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nor Asma Husna Yusoff
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ince Ayu Khairana Kadriah
- Research Centre of Fisheries, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM. 46, Kab. Bogor, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Hilal Anshary
- Laboratory of Fish Parasites and Diseases, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, 90245, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Farizan Abdullah
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nurhidayah Jabir
- Research Centre of Fisheries, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM. 46, Kab. Bogor, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Endang Susianingsih
- Research Centre of Fisheries, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM. 46, Kab. Bogor, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Marina Hassan
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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Coates CJ, Kraev I, Rowley AF, Lange S. Extracellular vesicle signatures and protein citrullination are modified in shore crabs ( Carcinus maenas) infected with Hematodinium sp. Virulence 2023; 14:2180932. [PMID: 36813781 PMCID: PMC9988307 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2180932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epizootiologists recurrently encounter symbionts and pathobionts in the haemolymph (blood equivalent) of shellfish. One such group is the dinoflagellate genus Hematodinium, which contains several species that cause debilitating disease in decapod crustaceans. The shore crab Carcinus maenas acts as a mobile reservoir of microparasites, including Hematodinium sp., thereby posing a risk to other co-located commercially important species, e.g. velvet crabs (Necora puber). Despite the widespread prevalence and documented seasonality of Hematodinium infection dynamics, there is a knowledge gap regarding host-pathogen antibiosis, namely, how Hematodinium avoids the host's immune defences. Herein, we interrogated the haemolymph of Hematodinium-positive and Hematodinium-negative crabs for extracellular vesicle (EV) profiles (a proxy for cellular communication), alongside proteomic signatures for post-translational citrullination/deimination performed by arginine deiminases, which can infer a pathologic state. Circulating EV numbers in parasitized crab haemolymph were reduced significantly, accompanied by smaller EV modal size profiles (albeit non-significantly) when compared to Hematodinium-negative controls. Differences were observed for citrullinated/deiminated target proteins in the haemolymph between the parasitized and control crabs, with fewer hits identified overall in the former. Three deiminated proteins specific to parasitized crab haemolymph were actin, Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM), and nitric oxide synthase - factors that contribute to innate immunity. We report, for the first time, Hematodinium sp. could interfere with EV biogenesis, and that protein deimination is a putative mechanism of immune-modulation in crustacean-Hematodinium interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Coates
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,Zoology, Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Andrew F Rowley
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
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Zhao S, Hu Q, Jiang H, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Feng C, Li X. Multi-omics analysis of oxidative stress and apoptosis in hepatopancreas cells induced by Polyascus gregaria parasitizing the Eriocheir sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109180. [PMID: 37863124 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Polyascus gregaria, a parasitic barnacle, poses a significant threat to Eriocheir sinensis farms by inhibiting crab growth. However, the molecular and pathological mechanisms behind P. gregaria infection in the hepatopancreas of E. sinensis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact and underlying mechanisms of P. gregaria infection on E. sinensis through analyzing the infected hepatopancreatic tissues by tandem mass tag technology and RNA-Seq high-throughput sequencing. Among the identified 10,693 differentially expressed genes, 294 genes were significantly altered following P. gregaria infection, including 92 upregulated and 202 downregulated genes. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses further revealed the involvement of these genes in oxidative decomposition, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and hepatopancreas metabolism. Meanwhile, the identified 253 differentially expressed proteins, including 143 upregulated and 110 downregulated proteins, are mainly related to cellular and metabolic processes, catalytic activity, and cell components. The pathway analysis indicated their enrichment in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, endoplasmic reticulum protein processing, and actin cytoskeleton regulation. The involvement of these differentially expressed genes and proteins in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors pathway during host immune responses against P. gregaria infection has been highlighted. Furthermore, pathological examinations and biochemical indicators jointly demonstrated the hepatopancreatic damage and increased oxidative stress and apoptosis in the infected E. sinensis. Collectively, our study provides crucial insights into the mechanisms underlying the E. sinensis-P. gregaria interactions, and may contribute to the development of novel strategies for parasite control and reducing economic losses in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Qingbiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hongbo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Linong Testing (Binzhou) Co., Ltd., Binzhou Bohai Advanced Technology Research Institute, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Chengcheng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Invasive slipper limpets (Crepidula fornicata) act like a sink, rather than source, of Vibrio spp. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02868-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA large knowledge gap exists regarding the disease profile and pathologic condition of the invasive, slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata. To help address this, we performed a year-long health survey at two sites in South Wales, UK – subtidal Swansea Bay and intertidal Milford Haven. In total, 1,800 limpets were screened systematically for haemolymph bacterial burdens using both general and vibrio-selective growth media (TSA + 2% NaCl and TCBS, respectively), haemolymph (blood) inspection using microscopy, a PCR-based assay targeting Vibrio spp., and multi-tissue histology. Over 99% of haemolymph samples contained cultivable bacterial colony-forming units, and 83% of limpets tested positive for the presence of vibrios via PCR (confirmed via Sanger sequencing). Vibrio presence did not vary greatly between sites, yet a strong seasonal effect was observed with significantly higher bacterial loads during the summer. Binomial logistic regression models revealed larger (older) limpets were more likely to harbour vibrios, and the growth of bacteria on TCBS was a key predictor for PCR-based vibrio detection. Histological assessment of > 340 animals revealed little evidence of inflammation, sepsis or immune reactivity despite the gross bacterial numbers. We contend that slipper limpets are not highly susceptible to bacteriosis at either site, and do not harbour vibrios known to be pathogenic to humans. The lack of susceptibility to local pathogenic bacteria may explain, in part, the invasion success of C. fornicata across this region.
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